EP0843486A2 - Time-stamp updating method in a digital data stream and remultiplexing - Google Patents

Time-stamp updating method in a digital data stream and remultiplexing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0843486A2
EP0843486A2 EP97111259A EP97111259A EP0843486A2 EP 0843486 A2 EP0843486 A2 EP 0843486A2 EP 97111259 A EP97111259 A EP 97111259A EP 97111259 A EP97111259 A EP 97111259A EP 0843486 A2 EP0843486 A2 EP 0843486A2
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Prior art keywords
time
time stamp
pcr
clock
unit
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French (fr)
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EP0843486A3 (en
EP0843486B1 (en
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Alexander Romanowski
Wilhelm Vogt
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/242—Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References]

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for updating of timestamps in a digital data stream as well from a remultiplexer operating according to this method according to the genre of independent claims.
  • each program stream coded using this method has a data field Program Clock Reference "(PCR).
  • This PCR contains an individual time stamp that is specific to a particular program.
  • the MPEG data stream is transmitted from the source to the sink together with the time stamps.
  • the time stamps are used on the receiver side for time recovery and Whenever the data stream is influenced, be it a change in the data rate or a change in the data packet sequence on the way from the data source to the data sink, an update of the PCR is required.
  • the Multiple Program Transport Stream MPTS
  • MPTS Multiple Program Transport Stream
  • the PCR is updated, by having a system clock for each individual PCR is. These clocks must have a phase locked loop (PLL) adjusted to each other and readjustable.
  • PLL phase locked loop
  • the time stamp and the read time with the Time of the system clock is compared.
  • the difference of the two times in the field of the previous read out timestamp stamped is advantageously stamped.
  • the data stream in the one-stamp unit read updated timestamp in a first step and with the system time shifted by a delay time d compared.
  • the result of this comparison contains a um the delay time d shifted time into the Timestamp is stamped.
  • the remultiplexer according to the invention with the characteristic Features of the independent claim has the advantage that each time recovery and each time stamp unit one Has connection to the only system clock. This eliminates complex circuits and connections to individual clocks, that update the timestamps in the program stream.
  • FIG. 1 shows a remultiplexer
  • FIG. 2 the block diagram of a timing recovery or single stamp unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a remultiplexer unit, as is necessary when using the MPEG2 method, if changes are to take place within a data stream.
  • a change can be a change in the data rate, for example the termination of a program part, or a change in the programs that the provider of the programs wishes to transmit on another channel, for example.
  • the data stream, the MPTS is passed via the two channels 5 into the remultiplexer 7. There they are evaluated in time stamp recoveries 2 (multirecovery). For this purpose, it is first checked whether the incoming data packet has a PCR time stamp. This is done by evaluating the packet header that contains the PCR flag.
  • the time stamp is read out and its value compared with the current time of the local clock 1.
  • a new value namely the difference between the two time stamps t clock- t pcr, is stamped into the PCR time stamp in the multirecovery unit 2.
  • the data packets 5 'with the difference time stamps leave the multirecovery units and are fed into the multiplex unit 3.
  • the actual remultiplexing of the data streams takes place there.
  • the data leaves the multiplex unit via channel 6 and arrives at the multistamping unit 4.
  • the data packet header is again searched for the PCR flag and then, if there are time stamps, the difference between the current time and the local clock ( clock + d) and the transmitted differential time marker (t pm t pcr) is formed. The result is the time t pcr plus the delay time d that was used to process the data packet in the multiplex unit. This updated time stamp is then stamped into the same package again.
  • the multistamping unit 4 and the multirecovery unit 2 are shown again in FIG. 2.
  • the input signal which in the case of the multi-recovery unit consists of the actual data signal, is first read out (10). If a PCR time stamp is discovered in unit 10, it is compared in unit 8 with the local time of clock 1. In the unit 8 the value t pm t pcr calculated. The difference value of the time stamps is then written into the data packet in FIG. 9. The data packet leaves the unit 9 via the data output, which leads to the multiplex unit 3 in the case of the multi-recovery unit.
  • the procedure for the multistamping unit 4 is analogous. Here, the signal comes from the multiplexer 3 and leaves the entire remultiplex unit as signal 6 .
  • multirecovery and multistamping units can access the same modules, which reduces the effort for the remultiplexer.

Abstract

The method involves updating time marks (PCR) in a digital data stream (MPTS), consisting of a number of programs with associated time marks, in a multiplexer unit (7). All time marks in the data stream are read in a time mark recovery, and are updated by device of a clock signal from a system clock. The time mark recovery compares a time transmitted in the time mark with the time of the system clock, and enters the difference of both times in the time mark. A time stamping unit reads the difference of both times after the multiplexing from the time mark, subtracts it from the current time of the system clocks, and enters it into the time mark.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Aktualisierung von Zeitmarken in einem digitalen Datenstrom sowie von einem nach diesem Verfahren arbeitenden Remultiplexer nach der Gattung der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention is based on a method for updating of timestamps in a digital data stream as well from a remultiplexer operating according to this method according to the genre of independent claims.

Nach der MPEG2-Spezifikation, IEC 13818-1, 1994, Seite 24 ff, ist bekannt, daß jedem nach diesem Verfahren kodierten Programmstrom ein Datenfeld

Figure 00010001
Program Clock Reference" (PCR) zugeordnet ist. Diese PCR enthält eine individuelle Zeitmarke, die für ein bestimmtes Programm spezifisch ist. Der MPEG-Datenstrom wird von der Quelle zur Senke zusammen mit den Zeitmarken übertragen. Die Zeitmarken werden auf der Empfängerseite zur Zeitrückgewinnung und zur Taktsynchronisation eingesetzt. Bei jeder Beeinflussung des Datenstroms, sei es eine Änderung der Datenrate oder eine Veränderung der Datenpaketfolge auf dem Weg von Datenquelle zur Datensenke, ist eine Aktualisierung der PCR erforderlich. In einem Datenstrom, dem Multiple Program Transport Stream (MPTS), können eine beliebige Anzahl von auch eine beliebige Anzahl von ihnen zugeordneten PCR vorhanden sein.According to the MPEG2 specification, IEC 13818-1, 1994, page 24 ff, it is known that each program stream coded using this method has a data field
Figure 00010001
Program Clock Reference "(PCR). This PCR contains an individual time stamp that is specific to a particular program. The MPEG data stream is transmitted from the source to the sink together with the time stamps. The time stamps are used on the receiver side for time recovery and Whenever the data stream is influenced, be it a change in the data rate or a change in the data packet sequence on the way from the data source to the data sink, an update of the PCR is required. In a data stream, the Multiple Program Transport Stream (MPTS), can any number of also any number of PCR assigned to them can be present.

In bisher bekannten Remultiplexern werden die PCR aktualisiert, indem für jede einzelne PCR eine Systemuhr vorhanden ist. Diese Uhren müssen über eine Phase Locked Loop (PLL) aufeinander eingestellt und nachregelbar sein. Der Aufwand für die Aktualisierung der PCR-Einheiten für jedes Programm ist groß und schränkt die Flexibilität bezüglich der Anzahl von Programmen stark ein.In previously known remultiplexers, the PCR is updated, by having a system clock for each individual PCR is. These clocks must have a phase locked loop (PLL) adjusted to each other and readjustable. The effort for updating the PCR units for each program is large and limits flexibility in number of programs strongly.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß alle in einem Datenstrom vorhandenen Zeitmarken mit Hilfe eines einzigen Zeittakts einer einzigen Systemuhr aktualisiert werden können. Es ist von Vorteil, daß bei diesem Verfahren keine Nachregelung einzelner Uhren mehr erforderlich ist, eine PLL-Schaltung entfällt.The inventive method with the characteristic In contrast, features of the independent claim Advantage that all time stamps present in a data stream with the help of a single clock cycle of a single system clock can be updated. It is advantageous that at this procedure no longer readjust individual clocks a PLL circuit is not required.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im unabhängigen Anspruch angegebenen Verfahrens zur Aktualisierung von Zeitmarken möglich.By the measures listed in the subclaims advantageous developments and improvements of the independent Claim specified procedure for updating of time stamps possible.

Dabei ist es von Vorteil, daß in der Zeittaktrückgewinnung die Zeitmarke ausgelesen und die ausgelesene Zeit mit der Zeit der Systemuhr verglichen wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Differenz der beiden Zeiten in das Feld der zuvor ausgelesenen Zeitmarke eingestempelt.It is advantageous that in the timing recovery read the time stamp and the read time with the Time of the system clock is compared. Advantageously the difference of the two times in the field of the previous read out timestamp stamped.

In der weiteren Durchführung des Verfahrens wird nach dem Remultiplexen des Datenstroms in der Einstempeleinheit die in einem ersten Schritt aktualisierte Zeitmarke gelesen und mit dem um eine Verzögerungszeit d verschobene Systemuhrzeit verglichen. Das Ergebnis dieses Vergleichs enthält eine um die Verzögerungszeit d verschobene Zeit, die in die Zeitmarke eingestempelt wird.In the further implementation of the process, according to Re-multiplexing the data stream in the one-stamp unit read updated timestamp in a first step and with the system time shifted by a delay time d compared. The result of this comparison contains a um the delay time d shifted time into the Timestamp is stamped.

Der erfindungsgemäße Remultiplexer mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs hat den Vorteil, daß jede Zeittaktrückgewinnung und jeder Zeitstempeleinheit eine Verbindung zur einzigen Systemuhr besitzt. Dadurch entfallen aufwendige Schaltungen und Verbindungen zu einzelnen Uhren, die die Zeitmarken im Programmstrom aktualisieren.The remultiplexer according to the invention with the characteristic Features of the independent claim has the advantage that each time recovery and each time stamp unit one Has connection to the only system clock. This eliminates complex circuits and connections to individual clocks, that update the timestamps in the program stream.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 einen Remultiplexer und Figur 2 das Blockschaltbild einer Zeittaktrückgewinnung oder Einstempeleinheit.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing shown and in the following description explained. FIG. 1 shows a remultiplexer and FIG. 2 the block diagram of a timing recovery or single stamp unit.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In Figur 1 wird eine Remultiplexereinheit dargestellt, wie sie bei der Verwendung des MPEG2-Verfahrens notwendig wird, wenn innerhalb eines Datenstroms Veränderungen erfolgen sollen. Eine solche Veränderung kann eine Änderung in der Datenrate sein, z.B. das Beenden eines Programmteils, oder auch eine Umstellung der Programme, die der Anbieter der Programme z.B. auf einem anderen Kanal zu übertragen wünscht. Im Beispiel der Figur 1 wird der Datenstrom, der MPTS über die beiden Kanäle 5 in den Remultiplexer 7 geleitet. Dort werden sie in den Zeitmarkenrückgewinnungen 2 (Multirecovery) ausgewertet. Dazu wird zunächst überprüft, ob das gerade einlaufende Datenpaket eine PCR-Zeitmarke besitzt. Das geschieht durch Auswertung des Paketheaders, der das PCR-Flag enthält. Ist dieses Flag vorhanden, so wird die Zeitmarke ausgelesen und deren Wert mit der aktuellen Zeit der lokalen Uhr 1 verglichen. In die PCR-Zeitmarke wird in der Multirecovery-Einheit 2 ein neuer Wert, nämlich die Differenz der beiden Zeitmarken tuhr -tpcr eingestempelt. Die Datenpakete 5' mit den Differenzzeitmarken verlassen die Multirecovery-Einheiten und werden in die Multiplexeinheit 3 eingespeist. Dort erfolgt das eigentliche Remultiplexing der Datenströme. Die Daten verlassen über den Kanal 6 die Multiplexeinheit und gelangen zur Multistampingeinheit 4. In dieser Einheit wird wieder zunächst im Datenpaketheader nach dem PCR-Flag gesucht und dann bei vorhandenen Zeitmarken die Differenz zwischen der aktuellen Uhrzeit und der lokalen Uhr (tuhr+d) und der übertragenen Differenzzeitmarke (tuhr-tpcr) gebildet. Das Ergebnis ist die Zeit tpcr plus die Verzögerungszeit d, die aufgewendet wurde, um das Datenpaket in der Multiplexeinheit weiterzuverarbeiten. Diese aktualisierte Zeitmarke wird anschließend wieder in das gleiche Paket eingestempelt.FIG. 1 shows a remultiplexer unit, as is necessary when using the MPEG2 method, if changes are to take place within a data stream. Such a change can be a change in the data rate, for example the termination of a program part, or a change in the programs that the provider of the programs wishes to transmit on another channel, for example. In the example in FIG. 1, the data stream, the MPTS, is passed via the two channels 5 into the remultiplexer 7. There they are evaluated in time stamp recoveries 2 (multirecovery). For this purpose, it is first checked whether the incoming data packet has a PCR time stamp. This is done by evaluating the packet header that contains the PCR flag. If this flag is present, the time stamp is read out and its value compared with the current time of the local clock 1. A new value, namely the difference between the two time stamps t clock- t pcr, is stamped into the PCR time stamp in the multirecovery unit 2. The data packets 5 'with the difference time stamps leave the multirecovery units and are fed into the multiplex unit 3. The actual remultiplexing of the data streams takes place there. The data leaves the multiplex unit via channel 6 and arrives at the multistamping unit 4. In this unit, the data packet header is again searched for the PCR flag and then, if there are time stamps, the difference between the current time and the local clock ( clock + d) and the transmitted differential time marker (t pm t pcr) is formed. The result is the time t pcr plus the delay time d that was used to process the data packet in the multiplex unit. This updated time stamp is then stamped into the same package again.

Die Multistampingeinheit 4, sowie die Multirecoveryeinheit 2, sind in Figur 2 nochmals dargestellt. Das Eingangssignal, das im Fall der Multirecoveryeinheit aus dem eigentlichen Datensignal besteht wird zunächst ausgelesen (10). Wird in der Einheit 10 eine PCR-Zeitmarke entdeckt, wird sie in der Einheit 8 mit der lokalen Zeit der Uhr 1 verglichen. In der Einheit 8 wird der Wert tuhr -tpcr errechnet. Anschließend wird in 9 der Differenzwert der Zeitmarken in das Datenpaket eingeschrieben. Das Datenpaket verläßt die Einheit 9 über den Datenausgang, der im Fall der Multirecoveryeinheit zur Multiplexeinheit 3 führt. Analog ist das Verfahren für die Multistampingeinheit 4. Hier kommt das Signal vom Multiplexer 3 und verläßt die gesamte Remultiplexeinheit als Signal 6

Figure 00040001
. Sowohl in der Multirecovery- als auch in der Multistampingeinheit werden Header analysiert, Zeitmarken ausgelesen und Differenzzeitmarken eingestempelt. Daher können Multirecovery- als auch Multistampingeinheit auf gleiche Baugruppen zugreifen, was den Aufwand für den Remultiplexer reduziert.The multistamping unit 4 and the multirecovery unit 2 are shown again in FIG. 2. The input signal, which in the case of the multi-recovery unit consists of the actual data signal, is first read out (10). If a PCR time stamp is discovered in unit 10, it is compared in unit 8 with the local time of clock 1. In the unit 8 the value t pm t pcr calculated. The difference value of the time stamps is then written into the data packet in FIG. 9. The data packet leaves the unit 9 via the data output, which leads to the multiplex unit 3 in the case of the multi-recovery unit. The procedure for the multistamping unit 4 is analogous. Here, the signal comes from the multiplexer 3 and leaves the entire remultiplex unit as signal 6
Figure 00040001
. Both in the multirecovery and in the multistamping unit, headers are analyzed, time stamps are read out and difference time stamps are stamped. Therefore, multirecovery and multistamping units can access the same modules, which reduces the effort for the remultiplexer.

Für die maximale Toleranz der PCR, die durch Multiplexen des Datenstroms entstehen kann, ist in der MPEG-Spezifikation ein Wert von ± 500 ns, entsprechend 13,5 Systemtakten, festgelegt worden. Für die 27 MHz Systemuhr gilt eine Toleranz von 30 ppm (± 810 Hz). Für die lokale Uhr soll ebenfalls eine Toleranz von 30 ppm angenommen werden. Die Frequenzen der beiden Uhren können sich somit um maximal 1620 Hz unterscheiden d.h. die beiden Uhren können in ca. 8,3 ms um den erlaubten Wert von 13,5 Systemtakten auseinandertriften. Bei einer angenommenen Bitrate von 30 Mbit/s entspricht dies einer Maximalverzögerung in der Multiplexeinheit von ca. 250000 bit, d.h. 166 Transportpaketen der Länge 188 bzw. 153 Transportpaketen der Länge 204 bit. Durch die Erhöhung der Genauigkeit der lokalen Uhr kann dieser Wert verbessert werden.For the maximum tolerance of the PCR, which is achieved by multiplexing the Data stream can arise is in the MPEG specification a value of ± 500 ns, corresponding to 13.5 system cycles, fixed. One applies to the 27 MHz system clock Tolerance of 30 ppm (± 810 Hz). For the local clock a tolerance of 30 ppm can also be assumed. The Frequencies of the two clocks can thus be a maximum 1620 Hz distinguish i.e. the two clocks can be 8.3 ms around the permitted value of 13.5 system cycles drift apart. Assuming a bit rate of 30 Mbit / s this corresponds to a maximum delay in the Multiplex unit of approximately 250,000 bits, i.e. 166 Transport packages of length 188 or 153 transport packages of Length 204 bits. By increasing the accuracy of the local clock this value can be improved.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Aktualisierung von Zeitmarken (PCR) in einem digitalen Datenstrom (MPTS), bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Programmen mit zugeordneten Zeitmarken, in einer Remultiplexeinheit (7), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle im Datenstrom vorhandenen Zeitmarken über eine Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung ausgelesen und mithilfe des Zeittakts einer Systemuhr aktualisiert werden.Procedure for updating time stamps (PCR) in one digital data stream (MPTS) consisting of a variety of Programs with assigned time stamps in a remultiplexing unit (7), characterized in that all existing in the data stream Time stamps read out via time stamp recovery and updated using the clock of a system clock. Verfahren zur Aktualisierung von Zeitmarken nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung die in der Zeitmarke (PCR) übertragenen Zeit tpcr mit der Zeit der Systemuhr tuhr vergleicht und die Differenz der beiden Zeiten (tuhr -tpcr) in die Zeitmarke einstempelt.Method for updating time stamps according to Claim 1, characterized in that the time stamp recovery compares the time t pcr transmitted in the time stamp (PCR) with the time of the system clock t clock and the difference between the two times (t clock -t pcr ) in the time stamp stamped. Verfahren zur Aktualisierung von Zeitmarken nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Remultiplexen die Einstempeleinheit die Differenz der beiden Zeiten (tuhr -tpcr) aus der Zeitmarke liest, vom aktuellen Stand der Systemuhr (tuhr + d) subtrahiert und den Wert (tpcr + d) in die Zeitmarke einstempelt. Method for updating time stamps according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the remultiplexing, the stamping unit reads the difference between the two times (t clock -t pcr ) from the time stamp, subtracts it from the current status of the system clock (t clock + d) and stamped the value (t pcr + d) into the time stamp. Remultiplexer mit Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung (2) und Zeiteinstempeleinheit (4) für mindestens einen Datenstrom (MPTS) mit einer beliebigen Anzahl an Programmen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung (2) und jede Zeiteinstempeleinheit (4) eine Verbindung zur Systemuhr (1) besitzt.Remultiplexer with time stamp recovery (2) and Time stamp unit (4) for at least one data stream (MPTS) with any number of programs, thereby characterized in that each time stamp recovery (2) and each Time stamp unit (4) a connection to the system clock (1) owns. Remultiplexer mit Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung (2) und Zeiteinstempeleinheit (4) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Zeitmarkenrückgewinnung (2) und Zeiteinstempeleinheit (4) zumindest in Teilen eine gemeinsame Schaltung aufweisen.Remultiplexer with time stamp recovery (2) and Time stamp unit (4) according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that time stamp recovery (2) and Time stamp unit (4) at least in parts a common one Have circuit.
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EP0843486A3 (en) 2001-05-02
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US6233238B1 (en) 2001-05-15
EP0843486B1 (en) 2009-04-15

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