EP0943405A2

EP0943405A2 - Ultrasonic cutting device

Info

Publication number: EP0943405A2
Application number: EP99200542A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin Harrop; David Victor Elwood
Original assignee: Societe des Produits Nestle SA; Nestle SA
Current assignee: Societe des Produits Nestle SA; Nestle SA
Priority date: 1998-03-16
Filing date: 1999-02-25
Publication date: 1999-09-22
Also published as: AU2035799A; EP0943405A3; BR9901008A; GB9805569D0; ZA992071B

Abstract

An ultrasonic cutting system comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device (10) having an operative face, a block horn (11) having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device (10) and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades (13) mounted on the operative face of the block horn (11) so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn (11) is provided with at least one tuning slot (12) traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces.

Description

The present invention relates to a cutting system and particularly to an ultrasonic cutting system .
The conventional method of ultrasonic cutting involves the use of a cutting blade which is mounted on an ultrasonic vibrating device with the blade lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations, and moving the blade through the article to be cut in said plane. However, difficulty is experienced using such conventional methods in that the depth of the cut which is attainable is limited. For this reason, ultrasonic cutting has in general been limited to thin articles such as paper, cloth and thin plastic sheets. Significant problems exist in cutting blocks of substantial depth, and/or in providing a number of parallel cuts simultaneously. In the edible confectionery field, the market trend these days is towards lighter, softer and stickier products and not only are such products difficult to cut but, in addition, they produce a lot of waste. For example, sticky materials such as caramel or composite materials which are composed of different materials having different viscosities or hardness, e.g. confectionery products comprising a mixture of two or more of chocolate, nougat, caramel and nuts, tend to drag causing the product to lift before passing through the cutting blade, or bend the cutting blade giving a product of uneven width and which is overheated. Difficulty is also experienced in cutting materials which are brittle or friable, e.g. honeycomb or crystalline materials which may shatter if dropped. Often the cutting blades are not sufficiently reliable for long term production use.
We have developed an ultrasonic cutting system which significantly reduces the above problems and difficulties.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an ultrasonic cutting system comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block horn between the operative and responsive faces.
The ultrasonic vibrating device may be, for instance, a piezo-electric sandwich type transducer producing sinusoidal motion secured to the responsive face of the block horn either directly or indirectly through a booster device.
The block horn is preferably made of aluminium or titanium. The length of the block horn between the operative and responsive faces may be from 60 to 70mm, the breadth of the operative and responsive faces may be from 60 to 70mm, and the thickness through which the tuning slots traverse may be from 15 to 25mm.
One of the problems that may occur is the destabilisation of the cutting system due to distortion of the block horn. The distortion occurs wherein the outer edge of the operative face has about 20% more amplitude than the centre of this face. In order to reduce distortion, the block horn may advantageously be provided with a shoulder on its responsive face, e.g. a shoulder on each side which may, if desired, be stepped. The distortion can be reduced to about 5% or less in order to stabilise the cutting system.
The number of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn may be from 2 to 6 and preferably from 3 to 5. Advantageously, an odd number of cutting blades may be used, e.g. 3 or 5 cutting blades. A system composed of an odd number of elements, i.e., transducer, block horn and blade has an advantageous effect. The cutting blades are preferably made of steel.
The cutting blade frequency is preferably from 10 to 60kHz and the amplitude of the cutting blade is preferably from 20-250microns, preferably from 40 to 200microns. The cutting blade is preferably detuned to a value sufficiently different to that of the operative face of the block horn to stabilise the system and reduce the gain and slightly widen the frequency of operation of the system, e.g.by from 80 to 120Hz and preferably from 90 to 110Hz on either side of the frequency of operation. The blade is then machined to set the orientation of the individual blade so that the blades are parallel with each other and correctly aligned with the operative face of the block horn.
The length of the blades may be from 50 to 100mm and preferably from 70 to 80mm. The breadth of the blades may be from 5 to 20mm and preferably from 10 to 15mmThe thickness of the blades may be from 1.4 to 2.4mm and preferably from 1.5 to 1.8mm. The distance apart of the blades may be from 15 to 35mm and preferably from 20 to 26mm. The cutting blade may be provided with a shoulder which is preferably clamped against the operating face of the block horn. The shoulder may have a length of from 25 to 45mm and preferably from 30 to 35mm. The width of the shoulder may be from 10 to 15mm. The shoulder of the cutting blade is advantageously provided with spanner slots in its front and rear faces which provide the means for tightening the blade to the operative face of the block horn.
The blades may be positioned on a vertical axis but are preferably positioned offset relative to the vertical axis, for instance, at an angle of from 5° to 20° and preferably from 10° to 15°.
The number of tuning slots is preferably one less than the number of cutting blades. The tuning slots are preferably offset relative to a pair of blades in a longitudinal plane. The size of the tuning slots may be chosen to reduce or eliminate transverse vibrations and reduce distortion of the block. For instance, the tuning slots may have a length of from 20 to 60mm, preferably from 30 to 50mm and more preferably from 35 to 45mm, and a width of from 4 to 6mm, preferably from 4.5 to 5.5mm.
If desired, a plurality of ultrasonic cutting systems according to this invention may be connected in series to increase the number of cutting blades, e.g. from 5 to 10 cutting systems in series to provide a total number of blades of from 20 to 40.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for cutting a material comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces, means for conveying the material to be cut, and means for causing the cutting blades to be ultrasonically vibrated while moving said cutting blades in said plane through said material.
The means for conveying the material to be cut may be a conveyor belt which supports the material. However, the means for conveying the material to be cut advantageously comprises an upper guide belt and a lower conveyor belt which effectively sandwich the material as it is conveyed.
The present invention further provides a method of cutting a material which comprises conveying the material beneath an ultrasonic cutting system comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces, and causing the cutting blades to be ultrasonically vibrated while moving said cutting blades in said plane through said material.
The material is conveniently transported beneath the ultrasonic cutting system on a conveyor belt. The speed of the material may be up to 10 metres/min, for instance, from 1 to 8 metres/min and preferably from 2 to 6 metres/min.
Advantageously, the material to be cut is transported beneath the ultrasonic cutting system between an upper guide belt and a lower conveyor belt which effectively sandwich the material as it is conveyed. The use of upper and lower conveyor belts which effectively sandwich the material substantially prevents the tendency of the material to lift up as it passes through the cutting blades due to the drag of the blades. This tendency is more pronounced when more cutting blades are used in the system.
The material may be a sticky material, a brittle or friable material or a composite material composed of different materials having different viscosities or hardness.Suitable materials which may be cut by the ultrasonic cutting system of this invention are, e.g. confectionery products comprising one or a mixture of two or more of chocolate, nougat, caramel, nuts, bakery products, snack products, meals, filled dough products, ice cream, and combinations thereof.
The present invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 represents a diagrammatic plan view of an ultrasonic cutting system of the invention,
Figure 2 represents a diagrammatic front view of the block horn and the blades,
Figure 3 represents a sectional side view through the line A-A of Figure 2,
Figure 4 represents a diagrammatic side view of the ultrasonic cutting system of the invention cutting a nougat material, and
Figure 5 represents a section through the line B-B of Figure 4.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a transducer/booster assembly 10 to which is attached a block horn 11 provided with tuning slots 12. Cutting blades 13 are attached to the block horn by means of bolts.
Figures 2 and 3 show the block horn 11 provided with tuning slots 12 and the blades comprising a shoulder 14, a spanner slot 15 and a cutting edge 16.
Figures 4 and 5 show the nougat material 17 being transported on a conveyor belt 18 in the direction of the arrow and then sandwiched between a lower drive belt 19 and an upper guide belt 20 where it passes beneath the ultrasonic cutting system comprising the block horn 11 and cutting blades 16, the cutting blades being ultrasonically vibrated while passing vertically downwards through the nougat material to cut it, the cut nougat material being finally transported away on conveyor belt 21.

Claims

An ultrasonic cutting system comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the length of the block horn between the operative and responsive faces is from 60 to 70mm, the breadth of the operative and responsive faces is from 60 to 70mm, and the thickness through which the tuning slots traverse is from 15 to 25mm.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the the block horn is provided with a shoulder on its responsive face.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the the block horn is provided with a shoulder on each side of its responsive face.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the the block horn is made of aluminium or titanium.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the number of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn is from 2 to 6.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein an odd number of cutting blades is used.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the cutting blade is detuned to a value from 80 to 120Hz different to that of the operative face of the block horn.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the cutting blade frequency is from 10 to 60kHz and the amplitude of the cutting blade is from 20-250microns.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the cutting blade is tuned to run at a slightly higher frequency than that of the operative face of the block horn and then machined to set the orientation of the individual blade.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the length of the blades is from 50 to 100mm, the thickness of the blades is from 1.4 to 2.4mm and the distance apart of the blades is from 15 to 35mm.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the cutting blades are positioned offset relative to the vertical axis.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the number of tuning slots is one less than the number of cutting blades.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the tuning slots are offset relative to a pair of blades in a longitudinal plane.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein the tuning slots have a length of from 30 to 50mm and a width of from 4 to 6mm.
An ultrasonic cutting device according to claim 1 wherein a plurality of ultrasonic cutting systems according to this invention are connected in series to increase the number of cutting blades to from 5 to 10 cutting systems in series to provide a total number of blades of from 20 to 40.
An apparatus for cutting a material comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces, means for conveying the material to be cut, and means for causing the cutting blades to be ultrasonically vibrated while moving said cutting blades in said plane through said material.
An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the means for conveying the material to be cut is a conveyor belt which supports the material.
An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the means for conveying the material to be cut comprises an upper and lower conveyor belt which effectively sandwich the material as it is conveyed.
A method of cutting a material which comprises conveying the material beneath an ultrasonic cutting system comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device having an operative face, a block horn having a responsive face connected to the operative face of the ultrasonic vibrating device and an operative face, and a plurality of cutting blades mounted on the operative face of the block horn so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blades lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations characterised in that the block horn is provided with at least one tuning slot traversing the block between the operative and responsive faces, and causing the cutting blades to be ultrasonically vibrated while moving said cutting blades in said plane through said material.
A method according to claim 20 wherein the material is transported beneath the ultrasonic cutting system on a conveyor belt at a speed of up to 10 metres/min.
A method according to claim 20 wherein the material to be cut is transported beneath the ultrasonic cutting system between upper and lower conveyor belts which effectively sandwich the material as it is conveyed.