EP0992658B1 - Electromagnetic valve actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic valve actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0992658B1
EP0992658B1 EP99400877A EP99400877A EP0992658B1 EP 0992658 B1 EP0992658 B1 EP 0992658B1 EP 99400877 A EP99400877 A EP 99400877A EP 99400877 A EP99400877 A EP 99400877A EP 0992658 B1 EP0992658 B1 EP 0992658B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
armature
valve according
ferromagnetic
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99400877A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0992658A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Porcher
Calogero Fiaccabrino
Lucien Donce
Thierry Lanoe
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Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
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Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
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Priority claimed from FR9812489A external-priority patent/FR2784222B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9812940A external-priority patent/FR2784712B1/en
Application filed by Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS filed Critical Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS
Publication of EP0992658A1 publication Critical patent/EP0992658A1/en
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Publication of EP0992658B1 publication Critical patent/EP0992658B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electromagnetic actuators intended to move in translation a valve to bring it alternately in an open position and a position of closing. It finds a particularly important application in the control of the valves of an internal combustion engine, spark or compression ignition.
  • valves of most internal combustion are activated by a driven camshaft by the engine.
  • the opening and closing speeds of valves controlled by the camshaft are weak when the engine is at low speed, especially when starting, which is unfavorable for filling the combustion chambers.
  • Actuators have also already been proposed (US-A-4,614,170) electromagnetic to reduce the above drawbacks, having a pallet of ferromagnetic material attached to the valve stem, elastic return means provided for keep the valve at rest in a middle position between the fully open and closed position, and means electromagnetic to alternately bring the valves in both positions.
  • Electromagnetic means described in document US-A-4 614 170 have a first electromagnet with ferromagnetic core placed on one side of the pallet and whose excitement attracts the pallet in a direction tending to close the valve and a second electromagnet, placed on the other side of the vane, the excitation of which tends to bring the valve into the full opening position.
  • the valve-spring assembly constitutes an oscillating system excited by alternating periodic power supplies of the electromagnets.
  • the electromagnet acting on the pallet in the direction of the valve opening begins to be fed while the vane approach a location where it sticks to the core of the electromagnet.
  • a valve actuator comprising a spring which retains the valve either in the open state or at the closed state.
  • a brief electrical pulse applied to a coil allows to project an armature linked to the valve to a location where the spring completes the arrival of the valve in the other state.
  • Document US-A-5394131 describes an electromagnetic actuator having a magnet capable of carrying a shutter and a coil which can be powered by a current in a first direction to bring the shutter in an open position and in the opposite direction to bring the shutter to a closed position.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide an actuator valve electromagnetic responding better than that previously known to requirements of practice, especially the fact that the actuator has a reduced footprint and connectivity.
  • an actuator valve is proposed according to the claim 1.
  • the pallet In its initial state, in the middle position, the pallet will generally present a position or magnetic circuit imbalance which that the direction in which it will be attracted at the first power-up of the coil is predetermined. This imbalance can be deliberately provoked.
  • the elastic return means are consisting of two springs each placed on one side of the pallet, these two springs can be such that they give the pallet at rest a position in which the force resulting from the supply of the coil is exerted in a determined sense and that they have the same potential energy of compression in the closed and full open positions.
  • a advantageous way of unbalancing the magnetic forces exerted towards the up and down is to dissymmetry the flows in the central part by playing on a sheet metal notch profile and / or on a pallet profile.
  • the pallet may include a boss axial.
  • Another way to create an asymmetry consists in giving to the poles of the ferromagnetic circuit and to the palette a shape such that the surfaces in contact for both stable paths are different.
  • the actuator having a single coil, is more compact than the previous actuators. Its electrical circuit and its control are simpler and less expensive.
  • the actuator 10 shown in Figures 1 to 3 consists of a assembly intended to be mounted on the cylinder head 12 of an engine. he has a housing made up of several parts 14 and 16 stacked and assembled by means not shown, such as screws. These parts are made of non-ferromagnetic material, for light alloy example.
  • the housing can be fixed on the cylinder head 12 by means of a shim 20 also made of non-material ferromagnetic.
  • the actuator comprises a pallet 22 made of material ferromagnetic, advantageously laminated to reduce losses, fixed on a rod 24 for driving the valve 25.
  • a pallet 22 made of material ferromagnetic, advantageously laminated to reduce losses, fixed on a rod 24 for driving the valve 25.
  • the rod 24 can be fixed to the pallet by welding and guided by another ring 26 fixed to a annular extension of the part 16.
  • valve stem 25 is separated from the rod 24. It is guided by a fixed ring to the cylinder head and can turn in it.
  • Two return springs 28a and 28b are provided to maintain the valve at rest in a substantially middle position between the closed position and the full open position.
  • a springs 28a is compressed between a plate 30 fixed to the rod 24 and the extension of part 16.
  • the other spring 28b is compressed between a plate 31 fixed to the valve stem and the bottom valve well in the cylinder head.
  • the distribution game between the lifted rod and the closed valve guarantees tightness.
  • the actuator can just as easily be used with a spring unique working in traction / compression and completed with elastic shock absorber ensuring sealing when closing the valve, as indicated in French patent No. 98 11 670.
  • the rod can then be in one piece with the valve.
  • the housing contains a core of ferromagnetic material 36, advantageously laminated, delimiting a ferromagnetic circuit with the pallet, and a coil 38 placed in the core.
  • the core represented can be in two complementary parts, in support one against the other in a plane 40 (figure 2) or one taking.
  • the constituent sheets of each half of the core are in E shape ( Figures 2 and 3).
  • the upper branches 42 engage in the coil 36 which they support by via a mandrel 44.
  • the other two branches of each half delimits a volume of movement of the pallet.
  • the support of the pallet against the bottom 46 of the volume defines the valve fully open position.
  • the ceiling 48 of volume is in a location relative to the valve seat such the air gap is practically zero when the valve is closed.
  • a middle notch 49 corresponding to the position of rest of the pallet 22, can be provided in the chamber, length slightly greater than the thickness of the pallet. Above and below the notch, the volume wall leaves no than the clearance required for travel.
  • the core can as well be in one piece and wound on an automatic machine, which avoids the presence of an air gap and guarantees the precision of the notches 49.
  • the pallet 22 advantageously laminated or made of a material with a high electrical resistivity, has parallel bevelled edges at the poles of the core 36 ( Figure 4).
  • the armature is not magnetically saturated in its range of operation and the flow closes mainly through the armature, thanks to the shape of the pole pieces of the core.
  • the asymmetry of the flow circuit higher compared to the lower flow circuit is accentuated by different inclinations of the upper polar surfaces 80 and lower 82 of the core, each surface of the pallet in gaze of a pole being parallel to it.
  • the pallet 84 has a central boss in the form of bar which increases the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit.
  • this flow closes by passing through the boss 84, as indicated by the arrow f, which reduces the length of the air gaps.
  • this boss is short-circuited and does not weaken the bonding forces. This provision reduces notably the reluctance in the rest position and increases the ease of launching the device.
  • the current flowing through the coil 38 can be controlled by observing the position of the pallet 22 using a position integrated in the device.
  • Current pulses in the coil are supplied at times such as, at the time of the application of force, the speed of the pallet has the same sense that the force applied.
  • the initial force being of a sign given, as a result of the asymmetry, it suffices to apply a pulse only once per period.
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a phase of the launch of the device.
  • the pallet is in a position corresponding to the line L, for which the forces exerted by the springs 28a and 28b are balanced. This position is offset from the position L 'for which the electromagnetic force exerted on the pallet 22 by the field created by the coil 38 is zero.
  • the first current pulse in the coil 38 causes an elongation of the pallet, which then returns with its own period to a position which generally will still be above that indicated by the line L '.
  • the amplitude of the oscillations increases.
  • the monitoring of the position signal makes it possible to know at each instant the last duration T which separates two successive zero crossings.
  • the senor 52 is connected to a computer 50 which controls the supply of the coil 38 by an amplifier 54.
  • This sensor 52 can be carried by the housing 16 and make protruding downwards, so as to detect the approximation of the plate 30, made for this purpose of magnetic material.
  • the computer 50 which can be the engine control computer, determine the position reached by the moving crew.
  • the sensor 52 also allows, by varying the signal that it provides, to determine the instant at which the amplitude of the oscillation of the moving part brings it into its position extreme.
  • the launch can be carried out in one minimum time thanks to the combination of the position measurement and a pallet setting algorithm which controls the current in the coil so as never to generate forces magnetic braking.
  • the invention is susceptible of numerous variants of production.
  • the springs 28a and 28b can be placed by example one inside the other to reduce the size of the housing.
  • Each coil can consist of a number N of windings greater than 1 (two or three for example) supplied in parallel which divides by N the resistance and increases the total current maximum and what divides the inductance by N. Electric inertia is decreased.
  • the dynamics of the engine system are improved.
  • the cutting a winding wire does not disable the device.
  • the dynamics are improved: we can vary from the magnetic field faster, because the ratio inductance / resistance is unchanged while the resistance of each winding is a fraction of the resistance of a coil unique: the maximum current value is higher and, the inductance being weaker, the dynamics are faster.

Description

L'invention concerne les actionneurs électromagnétiques destinés à déplacer en translation une soupape pour l'amener alternativement dans une position d'ouverture et une position de fermeture. Elle trouve une application particulièrement importante dans la commande des soupapes d'un moteur à combustion interne, à allumage par étincelles ou par compression.The invention relates to electromagnetic actuators intended to move in translation a valve to bring it alternately in an open position and a position of closing. It finds a particularly important application in the control of the valves of an internal combustion engine, spark or compression ignition.

A l'heure actuelle, les soupapes de la plupart des moteurs à combustion interne sont actionnées par un arbre à cames entraíné par le moteur. Les vitesses d'ouverture et de fermeture des soupapes commandée par l'arbre à cames sont faibles lorsque le moteur est à bas régime, notamment au démarrage, ce qui est défavorable au remplissage des chambres de combustion.At present, the valves of most internal combustion are activated by a driven camshaft by the engine. The opening and closing speeds of valves controlled by the camshaft are weak when the engine is at low speed, especially when starting, which is unfavorable for filling the combustion chambers.

On a également déjà proposé (US-A-4 614 170) des actionneurs électromagnétiques permettant de réduire les inconvénients ci-dessus, ayant une palette en matériau ferromagnétique fixée à la queue de soupape, des moyens de rappel élastiques prévus pour maintenir au repos la soupape dans une position médiane entre les position d'ouverture complète et de fermeture, et des moyens électromagnétiques permettant d'amener alternativement les soupapes dans les deux positions. Les moyens électromagnétiques décrits dans le document US-A-4 614 170 ont un premier électro-aimant à noyau ferromagnétique placé d'un côté de la palette et dont l'excitation attire la palette dans un sens tendant à fermer la soupape et un second électro-aimant, placé de l'autre côté de la palette, dont l'excitation tend à amener la soupape dans la position de pleine ouverture.Actuators have also already been proposed (US-A-4,614,170) electromagnetic to reduce the above drawbacks, having a pallet of ferromagnetic material attached to the valve stem, elastic return means provided for keep the valve at rest in a middle position between the fully open and closed position, and means electromagnetic to alternately bring the valves in both positions. Electromagnetic means described in document US-A-4 614 170 have a first electromagnet with ferromagnetic core placed on one side of the pallet and whose excitement attracts the pallet in a direction tending to close the valve and a second electromagnet, placed on the other side of the vane, the excitation of which tends to bring the valve into the full opening position.

L'ensemble soupape-ressort constitue un système oscillant excité par alimentations périodiques alternées des électroaimants. L'électro-aimant agissant sur la palette dans le sens de l'ouverture de la soupape commence à être alimenté alors que la palette approche d'un emplacement où elle vient se coller sur le noyau de l'électroaimant. On connaít déjà (DE-A-197 18 038) un actionneur de soupape comportant un ressort qui retient le soupape soit à l'état d'ouverture, soit à l'état de fermeture. Une brève impulsion électrique appliquée à une bobine permet de projeter une armature liée à la soupape jusqu'à un emplacement où le ressort complète le venue de la soupape dans l'autre état.The valve-spring assembly constitutes an oscillating system excited by alternating periodic power supplies of the electromagnets. The electromagnet acting on the pallet in the direction of the valve opening begins to be fed while the vane approach a location where it sticks to the core of the electromagnet. We already know (DE-A-197 18 038) a valve actuator comprising a spring which retains the valve either in the open state or at the closed state. A brief electrical pulse applied to a coil allows to project an armature linked to the valve to a location where the spring completes the arrival of the valve in the other state.

Le document US-A-5394131 décrit un actionneur électro-magnétique ayant un aimant pouvant porter un obturateur et une bobine qui peut être alimentée par un courant dans une première direction pour amener l'obturateur dans une position d'ouverture et dans la direction opposée pour amener l'obturateur dans une position de fermeture.Document US-A-5394131 describes an electromagnetic actuator having a magnet capable of carrying a shutter and a coil which can be powered by a current in a first direction to bring the shutter in an open position and in the opposite direction to bring the shutter to a closed position.

L'invention vise notamment à fournir une soupape à actionneur électromagnétique répondant mieux que celle antérieurement connues aux exigences de la pratique, en particulier du fait que l'actionneur a un encombrement et une connectique réduits.The invention aims in particular to provide an actuator valve electromagnetic responding better than that previously known to requirements of practice, especially the fact that the actuator has a reduced footprint and connectivity.

Pour cela, il est proposé une soupape à actionneur selon la revendication 1.Dans son état initial, en position médiane, la palette présentera en général un déséquilibre de position ou de circuit magnétique qui fait que le sens dans lequel elle sera attirée à la première mise sous tension de la bobine est prédéterminé. Ce déséquilibre peut être délibérément provoqué. Lorsque par exemple les moyens élastiques de rappel sont constitués de deux ressorts placés chacun d'un côté de la palette, ces deux ressorts peuvent être tels qu'ils donnent à la palette au repos une position dans laquelle la force résultant de l'alimentation de la bobine s'exerce dans un sens déterminé et qu'ils présentent la même énergie potentielle de compression dans les positions de fermeture et de pleine ouverture. Une façon avantageuse de déséquilibrer les forces magnétiques exercées vers le haut et le bas est de dissymétriser les flux dans la partie centrale en jouant sur un profil d'encoche de tôle et/ou sur un profil de palette.For this, an actuator valve is proposed according to the claim 1.In its initial state, in the middle position, the pallet will generally present a position or magnetic circuit imbalance which that the direction in which it will be attracted at the first power-up of the coil is predetermined. This imbalance can be deliberately provoked. When, for example, the elastic return means are consisting of two springs each placed on one side of the pallet, these two springs can be such that they give the pallet at rest a position in which the force resulting from the supply of the coil is exerted in a determined sense and that they have the same potential energy of compression in the closed and full open positions. A advantageous way of unbalancing the magnetic forces exerted towards the up and down is to dissymmetry the flows in the central part by playing on a sheet metal notch profile and / or on a pallet profile.

Pour assurer une dissymétrie, la palette peut comporter un bossage axial. Une autre façon de créer une dissymétrie consiste à donner aux pôles du circuit ferromagnétique et à la palette une forme telle que les surfaces en contact pour les deux cheminements stables soient différentes.To ensure asymmetry, the pallet may include a boss axial. Another way to create an asymmetry consists in giving to the poles of the ferromagnetic circuit and to the palette a shape such that the surfaces in contact for both stable paths are different.

L'actionneur, ayant une seule bobine, est plus compact que les actionneurs antérieurs. Son circuit électrique et sa commande sont plus simples et moins coûteux.The actuator, having a single coil, is more compact than the previous actuators. Its electrical circuit and its control are simpler and less expensive.

Les caractéristiques ci-dessus ainsi que d'autres, avantageusement utilisables en liaison avec les précédentes mais pouvant l'être indépendamment, apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs.The above features as well as others, advantageously usable in conjunction with the above but can be independently, will appear better on reading the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples.

La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre un actionneur de soupape selon un mode de réalisation, en coupe suivant un plan passant par l'axe de la soupape ;
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont des coupes partielles de la partie électromagnétique suivant les lignes II-II et III-III ;
  • les figures 4 et 5 montrent des variantes des figures 1 à 3 ;
  • la figure 6 montre schématiquement l'évolution des oscillations de la palette lors du lancement du dispositif.
The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a valve actuator according to one embodiment, in section along a plane passing through the axis of the valve;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are partial sections of the electromagnetic part along lines II-II and III-III;
  • Figures 4 and 5 show variants of Figures 1 to 3;
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the evolution of the oscillations of the pallet when the device is launched.

L'actionneur 10 montré en figures 1 à 3 est constitué d'un ensemble destiné à être monté sur la culasse 12 d'un moteur. Il comporte un boítier constitué de plusieurs pièces 14 et 16 empilées et assemblées par des moyens non représentés, tels que des vis. Ces pièces sont en matériau non ferromagnétique, par exemple en alliage léger. Le boítier peut être fixé sur la culasse 12 par l'intermédiaire d'une cale 20 également en matériau non ferromagnétique.The actuator 10 shown in Figures 1 to 3 consists of a assembly intended to be mounted on the cylinder head 12 of an engine. he has a housing made up of several parts 14 and 16 stacked and assembled by means not shown, such as screws. These parts are made of non-ferromagnetic material, for light alloy example. The housing can be fixed on the cylinder head 12 by means of a shim 20 also made of non-material ferromagnetic.

L'actionneur comporte une palette 22 en matériau ferromagnétique, avantageusement feuilleté pour réduire les pertes, fixée sur une tige 24 d'entraínement de la soupape 25. En général, plusieurs soupapes sont montées côte-à-côte et on ne dispose que d'une largeur faible pour chaque actionneur dans la direction perpendiculaire à celui de la figure 1. Cela conduit à donner à la palette une forme rectangulaire. La palette ne peut pas tourner dans la pièce 16. La tige 24 peut être fixée à la palette par soudure et guidée par une autre bague 26 fixée à un prolongement annulaire de la pièce 16.The actuator comprises a pallet 22 made of material ferromagnetic, advantageously laminated to reduce losses, fixed on a rod 24 for driving the valve 25. In usually several valves are mounted side by side and no one has only a small width for each actuator in the direction perpendicular to that of Figure 1. This leads to give the palette a rectangular shape. The pallet cannot not turn in the part 16. The rod 24 can be fixed to the pallet by welding and guided by another ring 26 fixed to a annular extension of the part 16.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, la queue de la soupape 25 est séparée de la tige 24. Elle est guidée par une bague fixée à la culasse et peut tourner dans celle-ci.In the illustrated embodiment, the valve stem 25 is separated from the rod 24. It is guided by a fixed ring to the cylinder head and can turn in it.

Deux ressorts de rappel 28a et 28b sont prévus pour maintenir la soupape au repos dans une position sensiblement médiane entre la position de fermeture et la position de pleine ouverture. Un des ressorts 28a est comprimé entre un plateau 30 fixé à la tige 24 et le prolongement de la pièce 16. L'autre ressort 28b est comprimé entre un plateau 31 fixé à la queue de soupape et le fond du puits de soupape ménagé dans la culasse. Le jeu de distribution entre la tige levée et la soupape fermée garantit l'étanchéité. L'actionneur peut tout aussi bien être utilisé avec un ressort unique travaillant en traction/compression et complété d'un amortisseur élastique assurant l'étanchéité à la fermeture de la soupape, comme indiqué dans le brevet français No. 98 11 670. La tige peut être alors d'une seule pièce avec la soupape.Two return springs 28a and 28b are provided to maintain the valve at rest in a substantially middle position between the closed position and the full open position. A springs 28a is compressed between a plate 30 fixed to the rod 24 and the extension of part 16. The other spring 28b is compressed between a plate 31 fixed to the valve stem and the bottom valve well in the cylinder head. The distribution game between the lifted rod and the closed valve guarantees tightness. The actuator can just as easily be used with a spring unique working in traction / compression and completed with elastic shock absorber ensuring sealing when closing the valve, as indicated in French patent No. 98 11 670. The rod can then be in one piece with the valve.

Le boítier contient un noyau en matériau ferromagnétique 36, avantageusement feuilleté, délimitant un circuit ferromagnétique avec la palette, et une bobine 38 placée dans le noyau. Le noyau représenté peut être en deux parties complémentaires, en appui l'une contre l'autre dans un plan 40 (figure 2) ou d'un seul tenant. Les tôles constitutives de chaque moitié du noyau sont en forme de E (figures 2 et 3). Les branches supérieures 42 s'engagent dans la bobine 36 qu'elles supportent par l'intermédiaire d'un mandrin 44. Les deux autres branches de chaque moitié délimitent un volume de débattement de la palette. L'appui de la palette contre le fond 46 du volume définit la position de pleine ouverture de la soupape. Le plafond 48 du volume est à un emplacement par rapport au siège de soupape tel que l'entrefer soit pratiquement nul lorsque la soupape est fermée. Une encoche médiane 49, correspondant à la position de repos de la palette 22, peut être prévue dans la chambre, de longueur légèrement supérieure à l'épaisseur de la palette. En-dessus et en-dessous de l'encoche, la paroi du volume ne laisse que le jeu nécessaire au débattement. Le noyau peut aussi bien être d'une seule pièce et bobiné sur machine automatique, ce qui évite la présence d'un entrefer et garantit la précision des encoches 49.The housing contains a core of ferromagnetic material 36, advantageously laminated, delimiting a ferromagnetic circuit with the pallet, and a coil 38 placed in the core. The core represented can be in two complementary parts, in support one against the other in a plane 40 (figure 2) or one taking. The constituent sheets of each half of the core are in E shape (Figures 2 and 3). The upper branches 42 engage in the coil 36 which they support by via a mandrel 44. The other two branches of each half delimits a volume of movement of the pallet. The support of the pallet against the bottom 46 of the volume defines the valve fully open position. The ceiling 48 of volume is in a location relative to the valve seat such the air gap is practically zero when the valve is closed. A middle notch 49, corresponding to the position of rest of the pallet 22, can be provided in the chamber, length slightly greater than the thickness of the pallet. Above and below the notch, the volume wall leaves no than the clearance required for travel. The core can as well be in one piece and wound on an automatic machine, which avoids the presence of an air gap and guarantees the precision of the notches 49.

Dans la variante de réalisation montrée en figure 4, la palette 22, avantageusement feuilletée ou en matériau à forte résistivité électrique, présente des bords biseautés parallèlement aux pôles du noyau 36 (figure 4). Dans cette disposition, l'armature n'est pas saturée magnétiquement dans sa plage de fonctionnement et le flux se referme en passant principalement par l'armature, grâce à la forme des pièces polaires du noyau. Dans une autre variante encore, avantageuse du fait qu'elle impose le sens initial de déplacement de la palette 22 à partir de sa position de repos est imposée, la dissymétrie du circuit de flux supérieur par rapport au circuit de flux inférieur est accentuée par des inclinaisons différentes des surfaces polaires supérieure 80 et inférieure 82 du noyau, chaque surface de la palette en regard d'un pôle étant parallèle à lui.In the variant embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the pallet 22, advantageously laminated or made of a material with a high electrical resistivity, has parallel bevelled edges at the poles of the core 36 (Figure 4). In this provision, the armature is not magnetically saturated in its range of operation and the flow closes mainly through the armature, thanks to the shape of the pole pieces of the core. In yet another variant, advantageous in that it imposes the initial direction of movement of the pallet 22 from its rest position is imposed, the asymmetry of the flow circuit higher compared to the lower flow circuit is accentuated by different inclinations of the upper polar surfaces 80 and lower 82 of the core, each surface of the pallet in gaze of a pole being parallel to it.

Dans une autre variante encore de réalisation, montrée en figure 5, la palette 84 présente un bossage central en forme de barrette qui augmente la dissymétrie du circuit magnétique. Lorsque la palette 22 est dans la position de repos où elle est montrée en figure 5 et qu'un flux magnétique est généré par la bobine 38, ce flux se referme en cheminant par le bossage 84, comme indiqué par la flèche f, ce qui réduit la longueur des entrefers. Lorsque la palette se colle contre le noyau, en position extrême haute, ce bossage se trouve court-circuité et n'affaiblit pas les forces de collage. Cette disposition réduit notablement la réluctance en position de repos et accroít la facilité de lancement du dispositif.In yet another alternative embodiment, shown in Figure 5, the pallet 84 has a central boss in the form of bar which increases the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit. When the pallet 22 is in the rest position where it is shown in Figure 5 and that a magnetic flux is generated by the coil 38, this flow closes by passing through the boss 84, as indicated by the arrow f, which reduces the length of the air gaps. When the pallet sticks against the core, extreme high position, this boss is short-circuited and does not weaken the bonding forces. This provision reduces notably the reluctance in the rest position and increases the ease of launching the device.

L'ensemble constitué par la palette, la soupape et le ressort constitue un système oscillant ayant une fréquence propre. Au cours d'une phase initiale de fonctionnement, l'équipage mobile constitué par la soupape et la palette est alternativement attiré vers le haut et vers le bas, par application à la bobine d'impulsions électriques à une fréquence proche de la fréquence propre du système. La bobine 38 est initialement alimentée pendant une durée correspondant à une fraction de la période propre, ce qui provoque un déplacement de faible amplitude de la palette. Si le système présente une dissymétrie qui peut être provoquée :

  • par une forme dissymétrique des encoches 49,
  • par une dissymétrie de la palette, et/ou
  • par la présence d'un bossage (figure 5),
le sens de déplacement initial de la palette se trouve déterminé.The assembly constituted by the pallet, the valve and the spring constitutes an oscillating system having a natural frequency. During an initial phase of operation, the moving element constituted by the valve and the pallet is alternately drawn up and down, by applying to the coil of electric pulses at a frequency close to the natural frequency of the system. The coil 38 is initially supplied for a period corresponding to a fraction of the natural period, which causes a small amplitude displacement of the pallet. If the system has an asymmetry that can be caused:
  • by an asymmetrical shape of the notches 49,
  • by an asymmetry of the palette, and / or
  • by the presence of a boss (Figure 5),
the initial direction of movement of the pallet is determined.

Le courant qui parcourt la bobine 38 peut être piloté en observant la position de la palette 22 à l'aide d'un capteur de position intégré dans le dispositif. Les impulsions de courant dans la bobine sont fournies à des instants tels que, au moment de l'application de la force, la vitesse de la palette ait le même sens que la force appliquée. La force initiale étant d'un signe donné, par suite de la dissymétrie, il suffit d'appliquer une impulsion une seule fois par période.The current flowing through the coil 38 can be controlled by observing the position of the pallet 22 using a position integrated in the device. Current pulses in the coil are supplied at times such as, at the time of the application of force, the speed of the pallet has the same sense that the force applied. The initial force being of a sign given, as a result of the asymmetry, it suffices to apply a pulse only once per period.

La figure 6 montre schématiquement une phase du lancement du dispositif. Initialement, la palette est dans une position correspondant à la ligne L, pour laquelle les forces exercées par les ressorts 28a et 28b s'équilibrent. Cette position est décalée par rapport à la position L' pour laquelle la force électromagnétique exercée sur la palette 22 par le champ créé par la bobine 38 est nulle. La première impulsion de courant dans la bobine 38 provoque une élongation de la palette, qui revient ensuite avec sa période propre jusqu'à une position qui généralement sera encore au-dessus de celle indiquée par la ligne L'. Progressivement, l'amplitude des oscillations augmente. Le suivi du signal de position permet de connaítre à chaque instant la dernière durée T qui sépare deux passages à zéro successifs. D'un instant de passage à zéro et de la durée T on peut déduire l'instant tA auquel un extremum A est atteint. A partir de l'instant suivant de passage à zéro (croisement de la ligne L), donné par le capteur, on peut déduire un instant optimum d'application de la tension pour faire croítre le courant. La durée d'application sera par exemple celle donnée par αT sur la figure 6. A l'issue de cette période, la tension de commande est inversée pour faire décroítre le courant. Le retard à l'application de la tension, ainsi que l'instant d'inversion, sont choisis en fonction de la capacité du courant à varier rapidement dans la bobine. Dans la pratique, on pourra souvent appliquer instantanément la tension après passage de l'extremum A. L'inversion de la tension après l'intervalle de temps αT permet au courant de décroítre avant d'arriver à l'extremum B où la vitesse s'inverse. Le courant doit être revenu à zéro à cet instant pour éviter de freiner l'équipage mobile.Figure 6 schematically shows a phase of the launch of the device. Initially, the pallet is in a position corresponding to the line L, for which the forces exerted by the springs 28a and 28b are balanced. This position is offset from the position L 'for which the electromagnetic force exerted on the pallet 22 by the field created by the coil 38 is zero. The first current pulse in the coil 38 causes an elongation of the pallet, which then returns with its own period to a position which generally will still be above that indicated by the line L '. Gradually, the amplitude of the oscillations increases. The monitoring of the position signal makes it possible to know at each instant the last duration T which separates two successive zero crossings. From an instant of passage to zero and from the duration T we can deduce the instant t A at which an extremum A is reached. From the next instant of zero crossing (crossing of line L), given by the sensor, we can deduce an optimum instant of application of the voltage to increase the current. The duration of application will for example be that given by αT in FIG. 6. At the end of this period, the control voltage is reversed to decrease the current. The delay in the application of the voltage, as well as the instant of inversion, are chosen according to the capacity of the current to vary rapidly in the coil. In practice, it will often be possible to instantly apply the voltage after passage of the extremum A. The inversion of the voltage after the time interval αT allows the current to decrease before arriving at the extremum B where the speed s reverse. The current must have returned to zero at this time to avoid braking the moving equipment.

Le processus est poursuivi jusqu'à ce que l'amplitude du mouvement soit tel que la palette vient se coller contre la culasse. A partir de ce moment, et en régime permanent, il suffira d'alimenter la bobine à pleine puissance uniquement pendant le temps nécessaire pour ramener l'équipage mobile dans sa position extrême puis sous un courant de maintien plus faible, jusqu'à ce qu'on provoque le déplacement de l'équipage mobile dans l'autre sens.The process is continued until the amplitude of the movement is such that the pallet sticks against the cylinder head. From this moment, and in steady state, it will suffice supply the coil at full power only during time required to return the moving part to its position extreme then under a lower holding current, until that causes the displacement of the moving part in the other meaning.

Sur la figure 2, le capteur 52 est relié à un calculateur 50 qui commande l'alimentation de la bobine 38 par un amplificateur 54. Ce capteur 52 peut être porté par le boítier 16 et faire saillie vers le bas, de façon à détecter le rapprochement du plateau 30, constitué à cet effet en matériau magnétique. A partir du signal de sortie du capteur 52, le calculateur 50, qui peut être le calculateur de contrôle moteur, détermine la position atteinte par l'équipage mobile.In FIG. 2, the sensor 52 is connected to a computer 50 which controls the supply of the coil 38 by an amplifier 54. This sensor 52 can be carried by the housing 16 and make protruding downwards, so as to detect the approximation of the plate 30, made for this purpose of magnetic material. From of the output signal from the sensor 52, the computer 50, which can be the engine control computer, determine the position reached by the moving crew.

Le capteur 52 permet également, par la variation du signal qu'il fournit, de déterminer l'instant auquel l'amplitude de l'oscillation de l'équipage mobile l'amène dans sa position extrême.The sensor 52 also allows, by varying the signal that it provides, to determine the instant at which the amplitude of the oscillation of the moving part brings it into its position extreme.

A partir de là, la commande peut être effectuée par des moyens du genre décrit dans la demande de brevet FR 98 12940 de la demanderesse.From there, the order can be made by means of the kind described in patent application FR 98 12940 of the Applicant.

De façon plus générale, le lancement peut être effectué en un temps minimal grâce à l'association de la mesure de position et d'un algorithme de mise en mouvement de la palette qui commande le courant dans la bobine de façon à ne jamais générer des forces magnétiques de freinage.More generally, the launch can be carried out in one minimum time thanks to the combination of the position measurement and a pallet setting algorithm which controls the current in the coil so as never to generate forces magnetic braking.

L'invention est susceptible de nombreuses variantes de réalisation. Les ressorts 28a et 28b peuvent être placés par exemple l'un dans l'autre pour réduire l'encombrement du boítier. Chaque bobine peut être constituée d'un nombre N d'enroulements supérieur à 1 (deux ou trois par exemple) alimentés en parallèle ce qui divise par N la résistance et augmente le courant total maximum et ce qui divise par N l'inductance. L'inertie électrique est diminuée. La dynamique du système moteur est améliorée. La coupure d'un fil d'enroulement ne met pas hors service le dispositif. La dynamique est améliorée : on peut faire varier de façon plus rapide le champ magnétique, du fait que le rapport inductance/résistance est inchangé alors que la résistance de chaque enroulement est une fraction de la résistance d'une bobine unique : la valeur maximale du courant est plus élevée et, l'inductance étant plus faible, la dynamique est plus rapide.The invention is susceptible of numerous variants of production. The springs 28a and 28b can be placed by example one inside the other to reduce the size of the housing. Each coil can consist of a number N of windings greater than 1 (two or three for example) supplied in parallel which divides by N the resistance and increases the total current maximum and what divides the inductance by N. Electric inertia is decreased. The dynamics of the engine system are improved. The cutting a winding wire does not disable the device. The dynamics are improved: we can vary from the magnetic field faster, because the ratio inductance / resistance is unchanged while the resistance of each winding is a fraction of the resistance of a coil unique: the maximum current value is higher and, the inductance being weaker, the dynamics are faster.

Claims (12)

  1. A valve with electromagnetic actuator, said actuator having a valve driving armature and a single coil (38) mounted on a ferromagnetic circuit of structure such that, in combination with the armature, it presents two stable magnetic flux paths generated by said single coil and corresponding the one to the valve being fully open and the other to the valve being closed, characterized in that the valve is provided with resilient return means (28a, 28b) provided for holding the valve at rest in a middle position between a fully open position and a closed position, and which maintain the armature made of ferromagnetic material, in a rest position between the positions of stable paths of the magnetic flux.
  2. A valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuit is such that the small airgap values are substantially zero.
  3. A valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuit is constituted by a laminated core (36) made up of two halves bearing against each other, and constituted by laminations presenting notches at half stroke between the extreme positions.
  4. A valve according to claim 3, characterized in that the laminations constituting each half of the core are E-shaped having a top branch which engages in the coil (36) and having lower branches that define a travel volume for the armature.
  5. A valve according to claim 4, characterized in that the volume presents a middle enlargement (49) corresponding to the rest position of the armature and wider than the rest of the volume.
  6. A valve according to any preceding claim, having a sensor (52) for sending the position of the equipment constituted of the armature and the valve.
  7. A valve according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the resilient return means are provided for giving the armature an asymetric position in the ferromagnetic circuit.
  8. A valve according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the armature (22) carries an axial projection (84) for creating asymmetry in the magnetic circuit.
  9. A valve according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuit and the armature are of a structure such that the contacting surfaces are different for the two stable magnetic flux paths.
  10. A valve according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuits have middle notches (49) offset in the opening or closing direction to make the ferromagnetic circuits asymmetrical and to define an initial travel direction for the armature.
  11. A valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic circuit is constituted by a one-piece core, having notches (49) at half stroke.
  12. A valve according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the coil is constituted by a number N of parallel windings where N is greater than 1.
EP99400877A 1998-10-06 1999-04-09 Electromagnetic valve actuator Expired - Lifetime EP0992658B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9812489 1998-10-06
FR9812489A FR2784222B1 (en) 1998-10-06 1998-10-06 ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATOR
FR9812940 1998-10-15
FR9812940A FR2784712B1 (en) 1998-10-15 1998-10-15 ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE OPERATION METHOD AND DEVICE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0992658A1 EP0992658A1 (en) 2000-04-12
EP0992658B1 true EP0992658B1 (en) 2003-05-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99400877A Expired - Lifetime EP0992658B1 (en) 1998-10-06 1999-04-09 Electromagnetic valve actuator

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Country Link
US (1) US6651954B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0992658B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004506826A (en)
KR (1) KR20010080034A (en)
DE (1) DE69908057T2 (en)
WO (1) WO2000020731A1 (en)

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US8839815B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-09-23 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic cycle counter
US8899264B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-02 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic proof of closure system
US8905063B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with fuel rate monitor
US8947242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-02-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with valve leakage test
US9074770B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic valve proving system
US9234661B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2016-01-12 Honeywell International Inc. Burner control system
US9557059B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2017-01-31 Honeywell International Inc Gas valve with communication link
US9995486B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with high/low gas pressure detection
US10024439B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2018-07-17 Honeywell International Inc. Valve over-travel mechanism
US10203049B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2019-02-12 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic health monitoring
US10215291B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2019-02-26 Honeywell International Inc. Regulating device
US10564062B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2020-02-18 Honeywell International Inc. Human-machine interface for gas valve
US10697815B2 (en) 2018-06-09 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. System and methods for mitigating condensation in a sensor module
US10851993B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2020-12-01 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with overpressure diagnostics
US11073281B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2021-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Closed-loop programming and control of a combustion appliance

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US10422531B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2019-09-24 Honeywell International Inc. System and approach for controlling a combustion chamber
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US10697632B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with communication link
US8899264B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-02 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic proof of closure system
US8905063B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-12-09 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with fuel rate monitor
US8947242B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-02-03 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with valve leakage test
US9074770B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2015-07-07 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic valve proving system
US9557059B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2017-01-31 Honeywell International Inc Gas valve with communication link
US9995486B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2018-06-12 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with high/low gas pressure detection
US8839815B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2014-09-23 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic cycle counter
US10851993B2 (en) 2011-12-15 2020-12-01 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with overpressure diagnostics
US9234661B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2016-01-12 Honeywell International Inc. Burner control system
US10215291B2 (en) 2013-10-29 2019-02-26 Honeywell International Inc. Regulating device
US10024439B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2018-07-17 Honeywell International Inc. Valve over-travel mechanism
US10203049B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2019-02-12 Honeywell International Inc. Gas valve with electronic health monitoring
US10564062B2 (en) 2016-10-19 2020-02-18 Honeywell International Inc. Human-machine interface for gas valve
US11073281B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2021-07-27 Honeywell International Inc. Closed-loop programming and control of a combustion appliance
US10697815B2 (en) 2018-06-09 2020-06-30 Honeywell International Inc. System and methods for mitigating condensation in a sensor module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0992658A1 (en) 2000-04-12
WO2000020731A9 (en) 2003-03-06
WO2000020731A1 (en) 2000-04-13
DE69908057D1 (en) 2003-06-26
US6651954B1 (en) 2003-11-25
DE69908057T2 (en) 2004-03-18
KR20010080034A (en) 2001-08-22
JP2004506826A (en) 2004-03-04

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