EP1266129A1 - Fastening of the blades of a compression machine - Google Patents

Fastening of the blades of a compression machine

Info

Publication number
EP1266129A1
EP1266129A1 EP01914106A EP01914106A EP1266129A1 EP 1266129 A1 EP1266129 A1 EP 1266129A1 EP 01914106 A EP01914106 A EP 01914106A EP 01914106 A EP01914106 A EP 01914106A EP 1266129 A1 EP1266129 A1 EP 1266129A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blades
blade
rotor
stator
cover plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01914106A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1266129B1 (en
Inventor
Eduard GÖTZFRIED
Helmut Wendler
Heinz May
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG, Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1266129A1 publication Critical patent/EP1266129A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1266129B1 publication Critical patent/EP1266129B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3023—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of radial insertion type, e.g. in individual recesses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fastening or anchoring blades of a turbomachine by means of blade feet on the rotor or stator of the turbomachine.
  • Such blade attachments are generally found in the rotors of compressors or thermal turbomachines. Many of them are known from the prior art.
  • the blades are inserted into a groove on the rotor with the blade root.
  • the blade root is used to transmit force and torque to the rotor.
  • Cover plates are often attached to the tip of the airfoil or support wings within the airfoil to dampen vibrations. This is described, for example, in German patent specification DE 1, 159.965.
  • Austrian patent specification AT 254.227 also discloses a cover plate of a turbine or compressor blade ring in which the cover plates are pressed against one another by the action of a force.
  • the arrangement leads to an elastic prestressing of the airfoil. This torsional preload of the airfoil takes place between the cover plate and the airfoil, but this leads to an additional load on the airfoil and the rotor. Since the resulting forces not only have to be absorbed by the airfoil, but also by the airfoil and the rotor, they are designed to be correspondingly more solid.
  • Spacers are often arranged between the individual blade feet of the turbine blades, which take up the forces and are also intended to dampen vibrations. This is known for example from the patents US 2,916,257 or also from US 3,734,645. Another blade attachment is also known from European laid-open publication EP-A1 -520,258. To limit circumferential forces due to thermal expansion, longitudinal webs are provided between the blades.
  • a disadvantage of such prior art is that the load is generally transferred to the rotor via the blade root. This applies in particular to the torsional moments mentioned above.
  • the more solid design of the rotor and the blade roots has negative effects in particular on the width of the blade and the blade root and the wheel disc and thus also on the entire length of the rotor. Due to the higher foot load, cheaper foot designs (e.g. hammer head foot, rider blade foot) had to be dispensed with and instead more stable, expensive foot shapes (such as plug-in foot) had to be used.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a fastening for blades of a flow machine on a rotor or stator, with which the torsional moments can be absorbed by the blade root or the base plate of the blade, while at the same time Relief of the rotor / stator and the blade root
  • the total length of the rotor / stator should be shortened or, for the same length, the number of rows of blades should be increased and / or the use of inexpensive foot connections should be possible
  • the object is achieved by fastening blades in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 in that, after the installation of all the blades, the blades on the rotor or stator on the base plate and / or on the blade base adjoin one another in whole or in part without play or with a pretension thus mutually support against torsional moments, the torsional moments acting on the base plates and / or on the blade roots being opposite to the torsional moments acting on the cover plate or on the support wing
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that torsional moments are no longer or only marginally absorbed by the rotor, but rather by the adjoining base plates and / or blade roots, since rotation of these two components is prevented.
  • This measure enables the blade base and also the rotor (or Stator) can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller, since no larger forces have to be absorbed at the contact surface of the rotor (stator) / blade root. Overall, the length of the rotor can therefore be reduced. It is the number of rows of blades with the same length of the rotor (stator) and therefore also to increase the efficiency
  • the base plate and possibly also the blade root have a bevel, which advantageously adjoins a bevel of an adjacent rotor blade and so torsional moments are mutually absorbed at this point.
  • Pj. -J show a turbine blade of a steam turbine with a single prong
  • Blade root and cover plate / support wing Fig. 2 e ⁇ ne turbine blade of a steam turbine with a support plate
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention with the cover plates of the turbine blades and
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of turbine blades which are in a groove on the rotor or
  • the stator of the turbomachine are arranged, the
  • FIG. 1 shows a blade 1 of a turbomachine, that is to say, for example, a steam turbine or a compressor.
  • the blade 1 which can be a moving blade or a guide blade, consists of a blade root 4, of a blade root 4 adjoining the blade root 4 Base plate 3, from a cover plate 2 or a support wing or a support plate, and from an airfoil 5 located between the base plate 3 and the cover plate 2.
  • the blade base 4 is designed in FIG. 1 as a single-pronged plug-in base 4a. It is used to fasten the blade 1 to the rotor 6 (not shown in FIG. 1) or to a stator. Both the base 3 and the cover plate 2 of the blade 1 are equipped with a bevel 9.
  • the bevel 9 is located on one side of the cover plate 2 or base plate 3, ie the bevel 9 is to be understood with regard to the top view of the two plates 2, 3, as is also evident in FIGS. 3 and 4. It is also possible that a bevel 9 is also attached to the blade root 4.
  • the blade 1 can also be a blade with a multi-pronged plug-in foot.
  • the cover plate 2 can be attached to the airfoil 5 between the blade tip 14 and the base plate 3. This generally applies to all usable blade types.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through a row of blades, the base plates 3 of the blades ' ⁇ v ' ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ z n being visible in this figure. Again, adjacent foot plates 3 meet directly and without play at the contact points 7. The contact points 7 between adjacent plates 3 are in the region of the bevels 9. In the other part of the foot plates 3, a gap 10 is formed.
  • the torsional moments 12 acting on the foot plates 3 are opposite to the torsional moments 13 shown in FIG Bevels 9 are arranged at a corresponding other end of the respective plate 2, 3. According to the invention, it is also possible to provide a prestress between the individual foot plates 3.
  • the contact point 7 can also refer overall to the adjacent foot plates 3 without a gap 10 forming.
  • the bevels 9, as already shown in FIG. 1, can also relate to areas of the blade root 4. However, this is not shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
  • the blades 1 - ,, 1 2 , 1 3> 1 n support each other. Twisting does not take place, or only to a very small extent, so that the force is absorbed by the rotor blades 1 l F 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n itself and no longer by the rotor 6 (or the stator) or by the groove 8 Need to become.
  • the load of the rotor 6 is formed by this type of arrangement of the blades 1. ,, 1 2, 1 3, 1 n advantageously reduced. This takes place in the first line through the play-free or prestressed mounting on the base plates 3 and / or on the blade feet 4.
  • the bevel 9 must of course then also be present on the blade base 4 in order to take account of the present effect.
  • the single-pronged plug-in foot which is shown in FIG. 1, is only selected, for example.
  • Various types known per se from the prior art for example a hammer foot or rider foot, can be used as the blade root 4.
  • blade roots 4 can now also be used which previously could not be used or could only be used under difficult conditions. This is possible due to the reduced power transmission from the blade root 4 to the rotor 6 or to the stator. Since the blade roots 4 and also the rotor 6 or the stator can be dimensioned smaller (for example in width), the total length of the rotor 6 can be shortened or, with the same length of the rotor 6 (stator), the efficiency of the turbomachine can be increased by additional rows of blades.

Abstract

According to the invention, the blades (1, 11, 12, 13, 1n) of a turbine or of a compressor are fastened inside a groove (8) on the rotor (6) or stator of the turbine or compressor by means of blade bases (4), whereby no play or a pretensioning prevails between the base plate (3) and/or the blade base (4). In addition, adjacent blades (1, 11, 12, 13, 1n) are reciprocally supported in this manner against torsional moments (12) and not or only negligibly on the rotor (6) or stator. This is made possible, for example, by the provision of a beveling (9).

Description

Befestigung der Beschaufelung einer Strömungsmaschine Attachment of the blades of a turbomachine
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Befestigung oder Verankerung von Schaufeln einer Strömungsmaschine mittels Schaufelfüssen am Rotor oder Stator der Strömungsmaschine.The invention relates to fastening or anchoring blades of a turbomachine by means of blade feet on the rotor or stator of the turbomachine.
STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART
Derartige Schaufelbefestigungen befinden sich in der Regel bei Rotoren von Verdichtern oder thermischen Turbomaschinen. Sie sind aus dem Stand der Technik zahlreich bekannt.Such blade attachments are generally found in the rotors of compressors or thermal turbomachines. Many of them are known from the prior art.
Die Schaufeln werden mit dem Schaufelfuss in eine Nut, welche sich am Rotor befindet, eingebracht. Der Schaufelfuss dient dabei zur Kraft- und Momentenübertragung auf den Rotor.The blades are inserted into a groove on the rotor with the blade root. The blade root is used to transmit force and torque to the rotor.
Zur Schwingungsdämpfung sind häufig Deckplatten an der Spitze des Schaufelblattes oder Stutzflügeln innerhalb des Schaufelblattes angebracht. Dies ist zum Beispiel in der deutschen Patentschrift DE 1 ,159,965 beschrieben.Cover plates are often attached to the tip of the airfoil or support wings within the airfoil to dampen vibrations. This is described, for example, in German patent specification DE 1, 159.965.
Auch die Österreichische Patentschrift AT 254,227 offenbart eine Deckplatte eines Turbinen- oder Verdichterschaufelkranzes in dem die Deckplatten durch eine Krafteinwirkung gegeneinander gepresst werden. Die Anordnung führt zu einer elastischen Vorspannung des Schaufelblattes. Diese Torsionsvorspannung des Schaufelblattes findet zwischen der Deckplatte und dem Schaufelfuss statt, was aber zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung des Schaufelfusses und des Rotors führt. Da die entstehenden Kräfte nicht nur vom Schaufelblatt, sondern auch vom Schaufelfuss und vom Rotor aufgenommen werden müssen, sind diese entsprechend massiver ausgeführt.Austrian patent specification AT 254.227 also discloses a cover plate of a turbine or compressor blade ring in which the cover plates are pressed against one another by the action of a force. The arrangement leads to an elastic prestressing of the airfoil. This torsional preload of the airfoil takes place between the cover plate and the airfoil, but this leads to an additional load on the airfoil and the rotor. Since the resulting forces not only have to be absorbed by the airfoil, but also by the airfoil and the rotor, they are designed to be correspondingly more solid.
Häufig sind Abstandshalter zwischen den einzelnen Schaufelfüssen der Turbinenschaufeln angeordnet, welche die Kräfte aufnehmen und auch zur Schwingungsdämpfung dienen sollen. Dies ist zum Beispiel aus den Patenten US 2,916,257 oder auch aus US 3,734,645 bekannt. Eine andere Laufschaufelbefestigung ist auch aus der Europäischen Offenlegungsschrift EP-A1 -520,258 bekannt. Zur Begrenzung von Umfangskräften in der Folge von Wärmedehnungen sind zwischen den Laufschaufeln Längsstege vorgesehen.Spacers are often arranged between the individual blade feet of the turbine blades, which take up the forces and are also intended to dampen vibrations. This is known for example from the patents US 2,916,257 or also from US 3,734,645. Another blade attachment is also known from European laid-open publication EP-A1 -520,258. To limit circumferential forces due to thermal expansion, longitudinal webs are provided between the blades.
Nachteilig bei solchem Stand der Technik ist allerdings, dass die Last grundsätzlich über den Schaufelfuss auf den Rotor übertragen wird. Dies gilt insbesondere für die oben genannten Torsionsmomente. Die massivere Ausführung von Rotor und den Schaufelfüssen hat aber negative Auswirkungen insbesondere auf die Breite der Schaufel und des Schaufelfusses und der Radscheibe und damit auch auf die gesamte Länge des Rotors. Aufgrund der höheren Fußbelastung musste auf preisgünstigere Fußausführungen (z.B Hammerkopffuß, Reiterschaufelfuß) verzichtet und statt dessen auf stabilere, teurere Fußformen (wie z.B. Steckfuß) zurückgegriffen werden. DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGA disadvantage of such prior art, however, is that the load is generally transferred to the rotor via the blade root. This applies in particular to the torsional moments mentioned above. However, the more solid design of the rotor and the blade roots has negative effects in particular on the width of the blade and the blade root and the wheel disc and thus also on the entire length of the rotor. Due to the higher foot load, cheaper foot designs (e.g. hammer head foot, rider blade foot) had to be dispensed with and instead more stable, expensive foot shapes (such as plug-in foot) had to be used. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden Der Erfindung egt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Befestigung für Schaufeln einer Stromungsmaschine an einem Rotor oder Stator zu schaffen, mit welcher die Torsionsmomente vermehrt vom Schaufelfuss oder der Fussplatte der Schaufel aufgenommen werden kann bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Rotors/Stators und des Schaufelfusses Zudem soll die Gesamtlange des Rotors/Stators verkürzt bzw bei gleicher Lange die Anzahl der Schaufeireihen erhöht und/oder der Einsatz von preisgünstigen Fußverbindungen ermöglicht werdenThe aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned. The invention is based on the object of providing a fastening for blades of a flow machine on a rotor or stator, with which the torsional moments can be absorbed by the blade root or the base plate of the blade, while at the same time Relief of the rotor / stator and the blade root In addition, the total length of the rotor / stator should be shortened or, for the same length, the number of rows of blades should be increased and / or the use of inexpensive foot connections should be possible
Erfindungsgemass wird die Aufgabe durch eine Befestigung von Schaufeln gemass dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 dadurch gelost, dass nach dem Einbau aller Schaufeln die Schaufeln am Rotor oder Stator an der Fussplatte und/oder am Schaufelfuss ganz oder teilweise ohne Spiel oder mit einer Vorspannung aneinandergrenzen und sich so gegenseitig gegenüber Torsionsmomenten abstutzen, wobei die an den Fussplatten und/oder an den Schaufelfüssen wirkenden Torsionsmomente den Torsionsmomenten, welche an der Deckplatte oder an dem Stutzflügel wirken, entgegengesetzt sindAccording to the invention, the object is achieved by fastening blades in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 in that, after the installation of all the blades, the blades on the rotor or stator on the base plate and / or on the blade base adjoin one another in whole or in part without play or with a pretension thus mutually support against torsional moments, the torsional moments acting on the base plates and / or on the blade roots being opposite to the torsional moments acting on the cover plate or on the support wing
Vorteilhaft an dieser Ausfuhrungsform ist, dass Torsionsmomente nicht mehr oder nur noch marginal durch den Rotor aufgenommen werden, sondern durch die aneinandergrenzenden Fussplatten und/oder Schaufelfusse, da eine Verdrehung dieser beiden Bauelemente verhindert wird Durch diese Massnahme kann der Schaufelfuss und auch der Rotor (oder Stator) entsprechend kleiner dimensioniert werden, da an der Kontaktflache Rotor (Stator)/Schaufelfuss keine grosseren Kräfte mehr aufgenommen werden müssen Insgesamt kann also die Lange des Rotors verkleinert werden Es ist die Anzahl der Schaufeireihen bei gleicher Lange des Rotors (Stators) und damit auch den Wirkungsgrad zu erhohenAn advantage of this embodiment is that torsional moments are no longer or only marginally absorbed by the rotor, but rather by the adjoining base plates and / or blade roots, since rotation of these two components is prevented.This measure enables the blade base and also the rotor (or Stator) can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller, since no larger forces have to be absorbed at the contact surface of the rotor (stator) / blade root. Overall, the length of the rotor can therefore be reduced. It is the number of rows of blades with the same length of the rotor (stator) and therefore also to increase the efficiency
Ausserdem ist es möglich, andere Fussverbindungen einzusetzen, die mit der bisherigen Technik nicht zu verwenden gewesen waren Zum Beispiel kann ein einzinkiger Steckfuss, ein Hammerkopffuss oder ein gleichwertiger, einfacher Schaufelfuss vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Solche Schaufelfusse können einfach und ohne grosse Schwierigkeiten durch bekannte Frasverfahren gefertigt werden.It is also possible to use other foot connections that could not be used with the previous technology a single-pronged plug-in foot, a hammer head foot or an equivalent, simple blade foot can be used advantageously. Such blade roots can be manufactured easily and without great difficulty by known milling processes.
Die Fussplatte und möglicherweise auch der Schaufelfuss weisen eine Abschragung auf, welche in vorteilhafter Weise an eine Abschrägung einer benachbarten Laufschaufel grenzt und so Torsionsmomente an dieser Stelle gegenseitig aufgenommen werden.The base plate and possibly also the blade root have a bevel, which advantageously adjoins a bevel of an adjacent rotor blade and so torsional moments are mutually absorbed at this point.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Es zeigen pj .-j eine Turbinenschaufel einer Dampfturbine mit einem einzinkigenPj. -J show a turbine blade of a steam turbine with a single prong
Schaufelfuss und Deckplatte/Stützflügel, Fig. 2 eιne Turbinenschaufel einer Dampfturbine mit einer StützplatteBlade root and cover plate / support wing, Fig. 2 eιne turbine blade of a steam turbine with a support plate
(Stützflügel) innerhalb des Schaufelblattes, Fig. 3 einen Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemasses Ausführungsbeispiel mit den Deckplatten der Turbinenschaufeln und Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemasses Ausführungsbeispiel von Turbinenschaufeln, welche in einer Nut an dem Rotor oder(Support wing) within the airfoil, FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention with the cover plates of the turbine blades and FIG. 4 shows a section through an exemplary embodiment according to the invention of turbine blades which are in a groove on the rotor or
Stator der Strömungsmaschine angeordnet sind, wobei dieThe stator of the turbomachine are arranged, the
Fussplatten sichtbar sind.Foot plates are visible.
Es werden nur die für die Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente dargestellt. Gleiche Elemente werden in unterschiedlichen Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Only the elements essential to the invention are shown. The same elements are provided with the same reference symbols in different figures.
WEG ZUR AUSFUHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAY OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Schaufel 1 einer Strömungsmaschine, also beispielsweise einer Dampfturbine oder eines Verdichters. Die Schaufel 1 bei welcher es sich um eine Lauf- oder Leitschaufel handeln kann, besteht aus einem Schaufelfuss 4, aus einer sich an den Schaufelfuss 4 anschliessenden Fussplatte 3, aus einer Deckplatte 2 bzw. einem Stützflügels oder einer Stützplatte, und aus einem sich zwischen der Fussplatte 3 und der Deckplatte 2 befindenden Schaufelblatt 5. Der Schaufelfuss 4 ist in der Figur 1 als einzinkiger Steckfuss 4a ausgeführt. Er dient zur Befestigung der Schaufel 1 an dem in der Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Rotor 6 oder an einem Stator. Sowohl die Fuss- 3 als auch die Deckplatte 2 der Schaufel 1 sind mit einer Abschrägung 9 ausgestattet. Die Abschrägung 9 befindet sich an einer Seite der Deck- 2 bzw. Fussplatte 3, d.h. die Abschrägung 9 ist im Hinblick auf die Draufsicht auf beiden Platten 2, 3 zu verstehen, wie dies auch in der Figur 3 und 4 deutlich wird. Es ist auch möglich, dass am Schaufelfuss 4 ebenfalls eine Abschrägung 9 angebracht ist. Bei der Schaufel 1 kann es sich auch um eine Schaufel mit mehrzinkigem Steckfuss handeln.FIG. 1 shows a blade 1 of a turbomachine, that is to say, for example, a steam turbine or a compressor. The blade 1, which can be a moving blade or a guide blade, consists of a blade root 4, of a blade root 4 adjoining the blade root 4 Base plate 3, from a cover plate 2 or a support wing or a support plate, and from an airfoil 5 located between the base plate 3 and the cover plate 2. The blade base 4 is designed in FIG. 1 as a single-pronged plug-in base 4a. It is used to fasten the blade 1 to the rotor 6 (not shown in FIG. 1) or to a stator. Both the base 3 and the cover plate 2 of the blade 1 are equipped with a bevel 9. The bevel 9 is located on one side of the cover plate 2 or base plate 3, ie the bevel 9 is to be understood with regard to the top view of the two plates 2, 3, as is also evident in FIGS. 3 and 4. It is also possible that a bevel 9 is also attached to the blade root 4. The blade 1 can also be a blade with a multi-pronged plug-in foot.
Wie aus der Figur 2 ersichtlich, kann die Deckplatte 2 an dem Schaufelblatt 5 zwischen der Schaufelspitze 14 und der Fussplatte 3 angebracht sein. Dies gilt allgemein für alle verwendbaren Schaufeltypen.As can be seen from FIG. 2, the cover plate 2 can be attached to the airfoil 5 between the blade tip 14 and the base plate 3. This generally applies to all usable blade types.
Bei den Schaufeln, welche in der Figur 1 bzw. in der Figur 2 gezeigt sind, sind in dem Schaufelfuss 4,4a zusätzlich Löcher 1 1 vorhanden, welche dazu dienen, den Fuss am Rotor oder Stator durch Bolzen zu befestigen.In the blades, which are shown in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 2, there are additional holes 11 in the blade root 4, 4a which serve to fasten the foot to the rotor or stator by means of bolts.
Bei dem Einbau der Schaufeln 'W^'O ιn einer Nut 8 am Rotor 6 oder auch an einem Stator werden an der Deckplatte 2 Torsionsmomente 13 angewendet, welche in Richtung der Abschrägung 9 wirken. Dabei entsteht die Kontaktstelle 7, an weicher die Torsionsmomente 13 aufgenommen werden. Dies ist in der Schaufelreihe der Figur 3 dargestellt, welche eine Draufsicht auf die verschiedenen Schaufeln 1 -|,12,13.1 n zeigt. Auf diese Weise bekommen die Schaufeln 1 -ι >12,13,1 n eine gewisse Vorspannung. Zwischen dem anderen Teil der Deckplatte 2, an dem die Deckplatten 2 nicht aneinandergrenzen, entsteht auf diese Weise ein Spalt 10. Weiter sind in der Figur 3 die Schaufelblätter 5 sichtbar, welche unterhalb der Deckplatte 2 sein können. Im Falle einer intermediären Anordnung der Deckplatte 2 an dem Schaufelblatt 5, wie dies in der Figur 2 dargestellt ist, ist dies ober- und unterhalb der Deckplatte 2. Die Figur 4 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine Schaufelreihe, wobei in dieser Figur die Fussplatten 3 der Schaufeln '\ v'\ 2<^ z n sichtbar sind. Wiederum stossen benachbarte Fussplatten 3 direkt und spielfrei an den Kontaktstellen 7 aneinander. Die Kontaktstellen 7 zwischen benachbarten Platten 3 sind im Bereich der Abschrägungen 9. In dem anderen Teil der Fussplatten 3 entsteht ein Spalt 10. Die auf die Fussplatten 3 wirkenden Torsionsmomente 12 sind aber den in der Figur 3 gezeigten Torsionsmomente 13 entgegengesetzt, so dass auch die Abschrägungen 9 an einem entsprechend anderen Ende der jeweiligen Platte 2,3 angeordnet sind. Erfindungsgemäss ist es auch möglich, zwischen den einzelnen Fussplatten 3 eine Vorspannung vorzusehen. Die Kontaktstelle 7 kann sich auch insgesamt auf die angrenzenden Fussplatten 3 beziehen, ohne dass sich ein Spalt 10 bildet. Die Abschrägungen 9, wie es in der Figur 1 bereits dargestellt ist, können sich auch auf Bereiche des Schaufelfusses 4 beziehen. Dies ist aber in der Figur 4 nicht näher dargestellt.When installing the blades ' W ^' O ιn in a groove 8 on the rotor 6 or on a stator 2 torsional moments 13 are applied to the cover plate, which act in the direction of the bevel 9. This creates the contact point 7 at which the torsional moments 13 are absorbed. This is shown in the blade row of FIG. 3, which is a top view of the different blades 1 - | , 1 2 , 1 3 .1 n shows. In this way, the blades 1 -ι > 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n get a certain preload. In this way, a gap 10 is created between the other part of the cover plate 2, on which the cover plates 2 do not adjoin one another. In FIG. 3, the blades 5 can also be seen, which can be below the cover plate 2. In the case of an intermediate arrangement of the cover plate 2 on the airfoil 5, as shown in FIG. 2, this is above and below the cover plate 2. FIG. 4 shows a section through a row of blades, the base plates 3 of the blades ' \ v ' \ 2 < ^ z n being visible in this figure. Again, adjacent foot plates 3 meet directly and without play at the contact points 7. The contact points 7 between adjacent plates 3 are in the region of the bevels 9. In the other part of the foot plates 3, a gap 10 is formed. However, the torsional moments 12 acting on the foot plates 3 are opposite to the torsional moments 13 shown in FIG Bevels 9 are arranged at a corresponding other end of the respective plate 2, 3. According to the invention, it is also possible to provide a prestress between the individual foot plates 3. The contact point 7 can also refer overall to the adjacent foot plates 3 without a gap 10 forming. The bevels 9, as already shown in FIG. 1, can also relate to areas of the blade root 4. However, this is not shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
Da benachbarte Laufschaufeln l ^l ^l ^l ,, an der Abschrägung 9 aneinander grenzen, und das Torsionsmoment 12 in diese Richtung wirkt, stützen sich die Laufschaufeln 1 -,,12,13>1 n gegenseitig. Ein Verdrehen findet nicht oder nur in sehr geringen Masse statt, so dass die Kraft durch die Laufschaufeln 1 l F12,13,1n selber und nicht mehr durch den Rotor 6 (oder den Stator) bzw. durch die Nut 8 aufgenommen werden müssen. Durch diese Art der Anordnung der Laufschaufeln 1.,,12,13,1 n wird die Belastung des Rotors 6 vorteilhaft reduziert. Dies geschieht in der ersten Linie durch die spielfreie oder vorgespannte Lagerung an den Fussplatten 3 und/oder an den Schaufelfüssen 4. Die Abschrägung 9 muss dann selbstverständlich auch am Schaufelfuss 4 vorliegen, um dem vorliegenden Effekt Rechnung zu tragen.Since adjacent blades l ^ l ^ l ^ l ,, adjoin each other at the bevel 9 and the torsional moment 12 acts in this direction, the blades 1 - ,, 1 2 , 1 3> 1 n support each other. Twisting does not take place, or only to a very small extent, so that the force is absorbed by the rotor blades 1 l F 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n itself and no longer by the rotor 6 (or the stator) or by the groove 8 Need to become. The load of the rotor 6 is formed by this type of arrangement of the blades 1. ,, 1 2, 1 3, 1 n advantageously reduced. This takes place in the first line through the play-free or prestressed mounting on the base plates 3 and / or on the blade feet 4. The bevel 9 must of course then also be present on the blade base 4 in order to take account of the present effect.
Der einzinkige Steckfuss, welcher in der Figur 1 dargestellt ist, ist jedoch nur beispielsweise gewählt. Als Schaufelfuss 4 können verschiedene, aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannte Arten, so zum Beispiel ein Hammerfuss oder Reiterfuß, verwendet werden. Besonders bemerkenswert ist allerdings, dass nun auch Schaufelfusse 4 verwendet werden können, die bislang nicht oder nur unter erschwerten Bedingungen einsetzbar waren. Dies ist durch die verringerte Kraftübertragung vom Schaufelfuss 4 auf den Rotor 6 oder auf den Stator möglich. Da die Schaufelfusse 4 und auch der Rotor 6 oder der Stator kleiner dimensioniert werden können (z.B. in der Breite), kann die Gesamtlänge des Rotors 6 verkürzt oder bei gleicher Länge des Rotors 6 (Stators) der Wirkungsgrad der Strömungsmaschine durch zusätzlich Schaufelreihen erhöht werden. Vorhandene Rotoren 6 (Statoren) können auch leicht auf die neue Art der Befestigung der Laufschaufeln 1 umgerüstet werden. Dies ist ein Vorteil, da nun einfachere Schaufeln 1 , welche kostengünstiger gefertigt werden können, eingesetzt werden können. Beispielsweise kann der in der Figur 1 gezeigte Steckfuss oder auch ein Hammerfuss auf einfache Weise mit bekannten Fräsverfahren hergestellt werden.However, the single-pronged plug-in foot, which is shown in FIG. 1, is only selected, for example. Various types known per se from the prior art, for example a hammer foot or rider foot, can be used as the blade root 4. It is particularly noteworthy, however, that blade roots 4 can now also be used which previously could not be used or could only be used under difficult conditions. This is possible due to the reduced power transmission from the blade root 4 to the rotor 6 or to the stator. Since the blade roots 4 and also the rotor 6 or the stator can be dimensioned smaller (for example in width), the total length of the rotor 6 can be shortened or, with the same length of the rotor 6 (stator), the efficiency of the turbomachine can be increased by additional rows of blades. Existing rotors 6 (stators) can also be easily converted to the new way of fastening the rotor blades 1. This is an advantage since simpler blades 1, which can be manufactured more cost-effectively, can now be used. For example, the plug-in foot shown in FIG. 1 or a hammer foot can be produced in a simple manner using known milling processes.
BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 ' i1 ' 1 >1 ' 2'13'1 n Schaufel1 ' i 1'1> 1 '2'13'1 n blade
2 Deckplatte2 cover plates
3 Fussplatte3 footplate
4 Schaufelfuss4 blade base
4a einzinkiger Schaufelfuss4a single-pronged blade root
5 Schaufelblatt5 airfoil
6 Rotor6 rotor
7 Kontaktstelle7 contact point
8 Nut8 groove
9 Abschrägung9 bevel
10 Spalt10 gap
1 1 Loch1 1 hole
12 Torsionsmoment an Fussplatte 312 Torsional moment on base plate 3
13 Torsionsmoment an Deckplatte 213 Torsional moment on cover plate 2
14 Turbinenschaufelspitze 14 turbine blade tip

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 . Befestigung von Schaufeln (I .I ^I ^^.I einer Strömungsmaschine an einem Rotor (6) oder Stator, wobei die Schaufeln (1 ,11,12,13,1 n) mittels Schaufelfüssen (4) am Rotor (6) oder Stator befestigt sind, und wobei die Schaufeln (1 , 11 ? 12'1 3'^ n) e'ne Fussplatte (3), eine Deckplatte (2) bzw. einen Stützflügel oberhalb des Schaufelfusses (4) und ein Schaufelblatt (5) aufweisen, und wobei auf die Deckplatte (2) bzw. auf den Stützflügel ein Torsionsmoment (13) wirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Einbau aller Schaufeln (l .l . ^^.l die Schaufeln (1 ,11 , 2'^ 3' '' n) am Rotor (6) oder Stator an der Fussplatte (3) und/oder am Schaufelfuss (4) ganz oder teilweise ohne Spiel oder mit einer Vorspannung aneinandergrenzen und sich so gegenseitig gegenüber Torsionsmomenten (12) abstützen, wobei die an den Fussplatten (3) und/oder an den Schaufelfüssen (4) wirkenden Torsionsmomente (12) den Torsionsmomenten (13), welche an der Deckplatte (2) oder an dem Stützflügel wirken, entgegengesetzt sind.1 . Fastening of blades (I .I ^ I ^^. I of a turbomachine to a rotor (6) or stator, the blades (1, 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n ) using blade feet (4) on the rotor ( 6) or stator are fixed, and wherein the blades (1, 1 1? 1 2 ' 1 3 ' ^ n ) e ' ne base plate (3), a cover plate (2) or a support wing above the blade root (4) and have a blade (5), and wherein a torsional moment (13) acts on the cover plate (2) or on the supporting wing, characterized in that after the installation of all the blades (l .l. ^^. l the blades (1, 1 1 , 2 '^ 3 ''' n ) on the rotor (6) or stator on the base plate (3) and / or on the blade root (4), completely or partially adjoining one another without play or with a preload and thus mutually counteracting torsional moments ( 12) are supported, the torsional moments (12) acting on the base plates (3) and / or on the blade roots (4) being the torsional moments (13) which are on the cover plate (2) or on the support wings act, are opposite.
2. Befestigung von Schaufeln (l .l ^l^l g.l nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl die Fussplatte (3) und/oder der Schaufelfuss (4) als auch die Deckplatte (2) bzw. der Stützflügel eine Abschrägung (9) aufweisen, welche an der Stelle angeordnet ist, an welcher die angreifenden Torsionsmomente (12,13) wirken, und an welcher sich die Schaufeln (1 ,1.,,12,l 3,1 n) gegenseitig abstützen.2. Attachment of blades (l .l ^ l ^ l g .l according to claim 1, characterized in that both the base plate (3) and / or the blade root (4) and the cover plate (2) or the support wing one Have bevel (9), which is arranged at the point at which the acting torsional moments (12, 13) act, and at which the blades (1, 1., 1 2 , l 3 , 1 n ) support each other.
3. Befestigung von Schaufeln (1 ,11,12,13,1 n) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckplatte (2) oder der Stützflügel am Schaufelblatt (5) zwischen der Fussplatte (3) und der Schaufelspitze (14) angeordnet ist. 3. Attachment of blades (1, 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover plate (2) or the support wing on the airfoil (5) between the base plate (3) and the blade tip (14) is arranged.
4 Befestigung von Schaufeln (1 ,1 v12,13,1 n) nach Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Schaufelfuss (4) ein ein- (4a) oder mehrzinkiger Steckfuss oder ein Hammerkopffuss verwendet wird.4 attachment of blades (1, 1 v 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n ) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a single (4a) or multi-pronged plug-in foot or a hammer head foot is used as the blade foot (4).
5. Befestigung von Schaufeln (1 ,1 ,, ,12I13,1n) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schaufelfuss (4) zusatzlich Locher (1 1 ) vorhanden sind, durch welche der Schaufelfuss (4) mittels Bolzen am Rotor (6) oder Stator befestigbar5. Attachment of blades (1, 1 ,,, 1 2I 1 3 , 1 n ) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the blade root (4) additional holes (1 1) are provided, through which the blade root (4) by means Bolts can be attached to the rotor (6) or stator
6. Befestigung von Schaufeln (1 ,1., ,12,l 3,1 n) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Schaufeln (1 ,1 l F12,13,1 n) um Leit- oder Laufschaufeln einer Turbine oder eines Verdichters handelt. 6. Attachment of blades (1, 1.,, 1 2 , l 3 , 1 n ) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it is in the blades (1, 1 l F 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 n ) are guide or rotor blades of a turbine or a compressor.
EP01914106A 2000-03-23 2001-03-22 Fastening of the blades of a compression machine Expired - Lifetime EP1266129B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10014189 2000-03-23
DE10014189A DE10014189A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2000-03-23 Blade fastening for rotating machinery has blades fitted in slots without play or with pretensioning so that torsional moments acting on inner platform or blade roots oppose torsional moments acting upon outer platform or support wing
PCT/IB2001/000441 WO2001071165A1 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-03-22 Fastening of the blades of a compression machine

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EP1266129A1 true EP1266129A1 (en) 2002-12-18
EP1266129B1 EP1266129B1 (en) 2004-12-22

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EP (1) EP1266129B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1313708C (en)
AU (1) AU3948501A (en)
CZ (1) CZ298200B6 (en)
DE (2) DE10014189A1 (en)
EE (1) EE04689B1 (en)
PL (1) PL199066B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2311537C2 (en)
UA (1) UA73765C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001071165A1 (en)

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AU3948501A (en) 2001-10-03
EE200200542A (en) 2004-04-15
RU2311537C2 (en) 2007-11-27
CN1423725A (en) 2003-06-11
PL199066B1 (en) 2008-08-29
EE04689B1 (en) 2006-08-15
DE50104883D1 (en) 2005-01-27
CZ298200B6 (en) 2007-07-18
CN1313708C (en) 2007-05-02
WO2001071165A1 (en) 2001-09-27
PL357310A1 (en) 2004-07-26
CZ20023152A3 (en) 2003-06-18
UA73765C2 (en) 2005-09-15
US20030143077A1 (en) 2003-07-31
EP1266129B1 (en) 2004-12-22
US6830435B2 (en) 2004-12-14
DE10014189A1 (en) 2001-09-27

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