EP1339134A1 - Wideband monopole or dipole antenna - Google Patents

Wideband monopole or dipole antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1339134A1
EP1339134A1 EP03100406A EP03100406A EP1339134A1 EP 1339134 A1 EP1339134 A1 EP 1339134A1 EP 03100406 A EP03100406 A EP 03100406A EP 03100406 A EP03100406 A EP 03100406A EP 1339134 A1 EP1339134 A1 EP 1339134A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
strands
wire
radiating
strand
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP03100406A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frédéric Lamour
Gil Maugrion
Ivan Wolk
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/005—Damping of vibrations; Means for reducing wind-induced forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of broadband antennas (antenna with passive tuning box) of monopolar type or dipolar.
  • a passive tuning box 2 allows you to refine the adaptation of the antenna over very wide frequency bands.
  • the adaptation is all the easier when the angle ⁇ (angle that makes a radiating strand 1 relative to the vertical) is relatively large, generally from 10 ° to 45 °. Being able to adapt an antenna naturally without attenuator at a given TOS value (standing wave rate - VSWR in English) typically 2 to 3, is important because it allows guarantee good antenna performance by avoiding buffer values (attenuator) high.
  • a high angle value for example ⁇ > 15 °, is often incompatible with mechanical and operational constraints usual, such as the wind resistance, the weight, the implementation time, etc., especially for relatively low frequencies (HF band 2-30 MHz) or the bottom of the VHF band (a few tens of MHz) where the strands radiant are usually from a few meters to more than ten meters in length.
  • a solution consists in significantly strengthening the bases of the radiating strands especially for the radiating strands of the upper pole. This reinforcement comes with significant additional constraints on the cost, transport and tactical qualities of the antenna (heavier weight, increased assembly and disassembly time, number of operators required larger, heavier infrastructure to hold weight and hold upwind, etc.)
  • the wire antennas according to the prior art therefore have seldom strand angles greater than 15 ° (the angle is counted relative to the vertical axis of the figure). Adaptation is then adjusted with Self-Capacities cells and using buffers or attenuators.
  • the object of the present invention relates to an antenna where the ends of the radiating strands are connected for example to their base or to the base by means of a conductive wire capable of supporting the power antenna transmission.
  • the radiating strands of the upper pole are connected to the base of the upper pole.
  • the invention relates to a wire antenna comprising one or more several radiating strands, said strands being connected to a base, characterized in that at least one of said strands has a first end connected by means of a conducting wire to said base or connected to its second end.
  • the radiating strand is, for example, part of the upper pole of the antenna and the connecting wire is a metal wire or a metal wire coated with Teflon.
  • the invention relates for example to type antennas monopolar or dipolar which are used for example to the bands HF-VHF-UHF from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz.
  • the antenna manufacturing technique according to the invention allows to optimize the adaptation of the antenna while guaranteeing properties of tacticity and cost comparable to that of antennas tuned with buffers (attenuators).
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a first alternative embodiment of a broadband antenna according to the invention.
  • This wire antenna of mono-polar or dipolar type comprises for example 4 upper radiating strands referenced 4 in connection with a tuning box 5.
  • the polarization of the antenna is a vertical polarization.
  • the upper strands 4 for example make an angle of inclination ⁇ of the order of 5 to 20 °, for example from 10 ° to 15 ° approximately relative to the vertical.
  • the upper end 4s of a radiating strand is for example connected by means of a conducting wire, for example metallic 6, to the base 7 of the upper pole (for example at its end 4 i giving the antenna a look
  • a radiating strand 4 and the connecting wire is for example ensured by using banana type plugs known to those skilled in the art and capable of withstanding the power radiated by the antenna (these sheets are not shown in the figure for the sake of clarity) Any other means, such as welding, capable of making this connection can also be used.
  • the upper strands 4 are of metallic type, or composite (metal strands coated with composite).
  • the connecting wire 6 used is chosen in particular according to its power handling radiated by the antenna. It can be metallic and coated teflon.
  • the choice of the diameter of the connecting wire is for example a compromise between the mechanical resistance of the assembly, the resistance to power and wind resistance.
  • the length of the wire connecting the strand greater than the base is in particular a function of the curvature of the upper strand due to gravity.
  • such an architecture makes it possible to widen the band on the one hand, because the value of the angle ⁇ between the vertical and each metal wire is greater than the value of the angle ⁇ , on the other hand because the strands radiators thus formed appear thick and naturally offer broadband properties.
  • the number of upper strands connected can be equal to the number of upper strands of the antenna.
  • FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment where an upper strand 4 is connected by means of two connecting wires 6, 6 ′ to the base 7.
  • the contact point (A, B) of the wires to the base is located by example midway between the feet of the adjacent radiating strands (4 i-1 , 4 i + 1 ) to the strand concerned.
  • FIG. 5 represents a dipole type antenna where the upper wires 4 of the upper pole are connected.
  • the wires 10 of the lower pole can be moved apart significantly from the vertical by serving as guying 11, the principle of connection by wires metallic is not necessarily applied at this pole lower, the angle can take a significant value without difficulty.
  • the angle ⁇ 'made by a radiating strand 10 of the lower pole relative to the horizontal is approximately 45 °.
  • the strands of the antenna thus modified and with a "thick strand" structure significantly reduce variations of real and imaginary parts over a wide band (the resonant structure is less selective) and allow better adaptation with conventional passive elements (transformers, inductors, capacity).
  • Adjust adaptation then requires lower attenuator values than those used in the case of conventional antennas (according to the prior art) thus optimizing the antenna performance.
  • antennas HF for example 2-30 MHz, high powers, for example a few hundreds of Watt to a few kW, made up of radiating strands metal coated with composite material measuring more than 10 meters. They also apply to antennas used in ranges of frequency corresponding to the F-UHF or VHF bands varying from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz.
  • Figures 6 to 13 show the simulation results obtained on a dipole type antenna.
  • the simulation software is marketed by Nittany Scientific under the brand NEC Winpro.
  • the structure of the antenna used is given in Figure 6. It has an upper pole made up of 4 radiating strands 12, of length L equal to about 1.2 meters. The strands are arranged at 90 ° from each other others and each make an angle ⁇ of 10 ° relative to the vertical at their foot. They are connected to the base 13 by means of a wire 14.
  • the lower pole is made up of 4 radiating wires 15 of 1.2 meters in length arranged at 90 ° to each other. Each radiating wire is tilted 45 °.
  • the antenna phase center is located for example 2 meters above average ground 16.
  • the mast 17 supporting the antenna is made of composite.
  • the box agree 18 is located between the lower pole and the upper pole.
  • Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 show schematically the simulated representation respectively of a conventional antenna according to the prior art, of an antenna with 1 wire connecting the upper end of a strand and the foot of the strand, antenna with 2 wires connecting the end of each upper strand the two wires being halfway between two feet, of an antenna with rigid stranded wires superior.
  • FIG. 11 represents the associated TOS curves as a function of frequency.
  • Curve I corresponds to the conventional antenna ( Figure 7), the curve II at the one-wire antenna ( Figure 8), curve III at the two-wire antenna ( Figure 9), the IV curve with the wires alone ( Figure 10).
  • Figures 12 and 13 show the real part of the impedance input of the antenna and the imaginary part of the input impedance of the antenna respectively for a conventional antenna (curve V real part, curve VII imaginary part) and a wire antenna (curve VI real part, curve VIII imaginary part).
  • This drop in dynamics of the variations in the input impedance allows an adequate transformation ratio to obtain an antenna TOS less than or equal to 3 over a very large bandwidth (varying by example of 60 to 300 MHz in this case) with one wire per radiating strand against a maximum TOS of 4 for the conventional antenna.
  • the antenna structure with 2 wires per strand radiating offers a TOS less than or equal to 3.2.
  • the proposed solution allows in particular to make an antenna 6-30 MHz or 60-300 MHz with a TOS less than or equal to 3 having a very good efficiency (a single transformer with a 1: 4 ratio is sufficient).
  • Figures 14 and 15 show the impedance readings input of the antenna measured with the network analyzer and represented under form of TOS and Smith abacus respectively.

Abstract

An antenna has a series of radiating branches (4), at least one of which has a conducting wire (6, 6') between its first end and a base (7) or its second end. One of the branches can be connected to the base by two wires ending at points half way between the feet of adjacent branches.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine des antennes large bande (antenne avec boíte d'accord à éléments passifs) de type monopolaire ou dipolaire.The invention relates to the field of broadband antennas (antenna with passive tuning box) of monopolar type or dipolar.

Elle est appliquée par exemple pour des antennes filaires dans le cadre des systèmes de télécommunications ou de brouillage.It is applied for example for wire antennas in the telecommunications or jamming systems.

Dans des antennes filaires de type mono polaire (figure 1) ou dipolaire (figure 2) large bande, la technique classique la plus utilisée pour obtenir de bonnes propriétés sur une large bande consiste à élargir les pôles à l'aide de fils ou brins métalliques 1 pour le pôle supérieur et 3 pour le pôle inférieur.In mono polar type wire antennas (Figure 1) or broadband dipolar (Figure 2), the most widely used conventional technique for obtaining good properties over a wide band consists in widening the poles using metallic wires or strands 1 for the upper pole and 3 for the pole inferior.

Une boíte d'accord passive 2 permet d'affiner l'adaptation de l'antenne sur des bandes de fréquence très larges.A passive tuning box 2 allows you to refine the adaptation of the antenna over very wide frequency bands.

De cette façon, on obtient des antennes tactiques transportables (montables et démontables) ayant une prise au vent réduite. Un nombre élevé de brins garantit de bonnes propriétés d'omnidirection en azimut mais pénalise le temps de montage et les contraintes de prise au vent.In this way, we obtain transportable tactical antennas (mountable and dismountable) with reduced wind resistance. A number high strands guarantees good omnidirectional properties in azimuth but penalizes the assembly time and the constraints of taking in the wind.

L'adaptation est d'autant plus aisée que l'angle α (angle que fait un brin rayonnant 1 par rapport à la verticale ) est relativement important, de 10° à 45° généralement. Pouvoir adapter une antenne naturellement sans atténuateur à une valeur de TOS donnée (taux d'ondes stationnaires - VSWR en anglais) typiquement de 2 à 3, est important car cela permet de garantir un bon rendement de l'antenne en évitant des valeurs de tampon (atténuateur) élevées.The adaptation is all the easier when the angle α (angle that makes a radiating strand 1 relative to the vertical) is relatively large, generally from 10 ° to 45 °. Being able to adapt an antenna naturally without attenuator at a given TOS value (standing wave rate - VSWR in English) typically 2 to 3, is important because it allows guarantee good antenna performance by avoiding buffer values (attenuator) high.

Cependant, une valeur d'angle élevée, par exemple α > 15°, est souvent incompatible avec les contraintes mécaniques et opérationnelles usuelles, telles que la tenue au vent, le poids, le temps de mise en oeuvre, etc., notamment pour des fréquences relativement basses (bande HF 2-30 MHz) ou le bas de la bande VHF (quelques dizaines de MHz) où les brins rayonnants ont couramment de quelques mètres à plus d'une dizaine de mètres de longueur.However, a high angle value, for example α> 15 °, is often incompatible with mechanical and operational constraints usual, such as the wind resistance, the weight, the implementation time, etc., especially for relatively low frequencies (HF band 2-30 MHz) or the bottom of the VHF band (a few tens of MHz) where the strands radiant are usually from a few meters to more than ten meters in length.

Afin de compenser ces contraintes mécaniques, une solution consiste à renforcer de façon importante les embases des brins rayonnants notamment pour les brins rayonnants du pôle supérieur. Ce renforcement s'accompagne toutefois de contraintes supplémentaires importantes sur le coût, le transport et les qualités tactiques de l'antenne (poids plus important, temps de montage et démontage accrus, nombre d'opérateurs nécessaires plus importants, infrastructures plus lourdes pour tenir un poids et une prise au vent supérieurs, etc.)In order to compensate for these mechanical constraints, a solution consists in significantly strengthening the bases of the radiating strands especially for the radiating strands of the upper pole. This reinforcement comes with significant additional constraints on the cost, transport and tactical qualities of the antenna (heavier weight, increased assembly and disassembly time, number of operators required larger, heavier infrastructure to hold weight and hold upwind, etc.)

Les antennes filaires selon l'art antérieur présentent donc rarement des angles d'inclinaison des brins supérieurs à 15° (l'angle est compté par rapport à l'axe vertical de la figure). L'adaptation est ensuite ajustée avec des cellules Selfs-Capacités et à l'aide de tampons ou atténuateurs.The wire antennas according to the prior art therefore have seldom strand angles greater than 15 ° (the angle is counted relative to the vertical axis of the figure). Adaptation is then adjusted with Self-Capacities cells and using buffers or attenuators.

L'objet de la présente invention concerne une antenne où les extrémités des brins rayonnants sont reliés par exemple à leur base ou à l'embase au moyen d'un fil conducteur capable de supporter la puissance d'émission de l'antenne. Par exemple, les brins rayonnants du pôle supérieur sont reliés à l'embase du pôle supérieur.The object of the present invention relates to an antenna where the ends of the radiating strands are connected for example to their base or to the base by means of a conductive wire capable of supporting the power antenna transmission. For example, the radiating strands of the upper pole are connected to the base of the upper pole.

L'invention concerne une antenne filaire comportant un ou plusieurs brins rayonnants, lesdits brins étant reliés à une embase, caractérisé en ce que au moins un desdits brins a une première extrémité reliée au moyen d'un fil conducteur à ladite embase ou relié à sa seconde extrémité.The invention relates to a wire antenna comprising one or more several radiating strands, said strands being connected to a base, characterized in that at least one of said strands has a first end connected by means of a conducting wire to said base or connected to its second end.

Le brin rayonnant fait partie par exemple du pôle supérieur de l'antenne et le fil de liaison est un fil métallique ou un fil métallique enrobé de Teflon.The radiating strand is, for example, part of the upper pole of the antenna and the connecting wire is a metal wire or a metal wire coated with Teflon.

L'invention concerne par exemple les antennes de type monopolaire ou dipolaire qui sont utilisées par exemple aux bandes HF-VHF-UHF de quelques MHz à quelques centaines de MHz. The invention relates for example to type antennas monopolar or dipolar which are used for example to the bands HF-VHF-UHF from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz.

L'antenne selon l'invention présente notamment les avantages suivants :

  • Figure 00030001
    Un rendement amélioré par rapport aux antennes filaires habituelles,
  • Une conservation de leurs qualités tactiques et de leur facilité d'utilisation,
  • Un coût supplémentaire des fils métalliques reliant les brins supérieurs à l'embase du pôle négligeable par rapport au coût global,
  • Une nouvelle architecture qui ne pénalise pas la mise en oeuvre du système, ni le temps de montage et de démontage de l'antenne,
  • Un surplus de poids et d'encombrement des fils métalliques négligeables,
  • Une meilleure stabilité des brins lorsque ces derniers sont relativement longs (plusieurs mètres) et souples sous une contrainte de vent, et de fait une stabilisation du rayonnement en haut de bande où existent des risques de feuilletage des diagrammes en incurvant plus ou moins les brins supérieurs,
  • Par adjonction de fils métalliques une optimisation de l'adaptation de l'antenne en réalisant des brins épais et de ce fait l'amélioration sensible du rendement de l'antenne (tampons/atténuateurs de valeurs plus faibles nécessaires).
    • The antenna according to the invention has the following advantages in particular:
  • Figure 00030001
    Improved performance compared to conventional wire antennas,
  • A conservation of their tactical qualities and their ease of use,
  • An additional cost of the metallic wires connecting the upper strands to the base of the pole negligible compared to the overall cost,
  • A new architecture which does not penalize the implementation of the system, nor the time of assembly and disassembly of the antenna,
  • A negligible excess of weight and size of the metallic wires,
  • Better strand stability when the latter are relatively long (several meters) and flexible under wind stress, and in fact stabilizes the radiation at the top of the band where there are risks of flicking diagrams by bending the upper strands more or less ,
  • By adding metallic wires, the antenna adaptation is optimized by making thick strands and thereby the significant improvement in the antenna efficiency (buffers / attenuators of lower values necessary).

    • D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'antenne selon l'invention apparaítront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit donnée à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif au regard des figures annexées qui représentent :

  • Les figures 1 et 2 des antennes filaires de type mono polaire ou dipolaire large bande selon l'art antérieur,
  • La figure 3 un premier exemple d'architecture d'antenne selon l'invention,
  • La figure 4 une variante de la figure 3,
  • La figure 5 l'application de la structure selon l'invention à une antenne de type dipolaire,
  • Les figures 6 à 13 un exemple d'antenne et des résultats de simulation obtenus sur différents types d'antenne,
  • Les figures 14 et 15, le TOS obtenu respectivement avec une antenne classique et sur une antenne modifiée selon l'invention.
    • Other characteristics and advantages of the antenna according to the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting with regard to the appended figures which represent:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the wired antennas of the mono polar or broadband dipole type according to the prior art,
  • FIG. 3 a first example of antenna architecture according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4 a variant of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 applying the structure according to the invention to a dipole type antenna,
  • Figures 6 to 13 an example of an antenna and simulation results obtained on different types of antenna,
  • Figures 14 and 15, the TOS obtained respectively with a conventional antenna and on a modified antenna according to the invention.

    • La technique de fabrication d'antenne selon l'invention permet d'optimiser l'adaptation de l'antenne tout en garantissant des propriétés de tacticité et de coût comparables à celles des antennes accordées avec des tampons (atténuateurs).The antenna manufacturing technique according to the invention allows to optimize the adaptation of the antenna while guaranteeing properties of tacticity and cost comparable to that of antennas tuned with buffers (attenuators).

    La figure 3 schématise une première variante de réalisation d'une antenne large bande selon l'invention.Figure 3 shows schematically a first alternative embodiment of a broadband antenna according to the invention.

    Cette antenne filaire de type mono-polaire ou dipolaire comporte par exemple 4 brins rayonnants supérieurs référencés 4 en liaison avec une boíte d'accord 5. La polarisation de l'antenne est une polarisation verticale. Les brins supérieurs 4 font par exemple un angle d'inclinaison α de l'ordre de 5 à 20°, par exemple de 10° à 15° environ par rapport à la verticale. L'extrémité supérieure 4s d'un brin rayonnant est par exemple reliée au moyen d'un fil conducteur par exemple métallique 6 à l'embase 7 du pôle supérieur (par exemple au niveau de son extrémité 4i donnant à l'antenne une allure d'un palmier. La liaison entre un brin rayonnant 4 et le fil de liaison (fil métallique 6) est par exemple assurée en utilisant des fiches de type banane connues de l'Homme du métier et capables de résister à la puissance rayonnée par l'antenne (ces fiches ne sont pas représentées sur la figure pour des soucis de clareté). Tout autre moyen, tel que la soudure, capable de réaliser cette liaison peut aussi être utilisé.This wire antenna of mono-polar or dipolar type comprises for example 4 upper radiating strands referenced 4 in connection with a tuning box 5. The polarization of the antenna is a vertical polarization. The upper strands 4 for example make an angle of inclination α of the order of 5 to 20 °, for example from 10 ° to 15 ° approximately relative to the vertical. The upper end 4s of a radiating strand is for example connected by means of a conducting wire, for example metallic 6, to the base 7 of the upper pole (for example at its end 4 i giving the antenna a look The connection between a radiating strand 4 and the connecting wire (metal wire 6) is for example ensured by using banana type plugs known to those skilled in the art and capable of withstanding the power radiated by the antenna (these sheets are not shown in the figure for the sake of clarity) Any other means, such as welding, capable of making this connection can also be used.

    Les brins supérieurs 4 sont de type métallique, ou composites (brins métalliques enrobés de composite).The upper strands 4 are of metallic type, or composite (metal strands coated with composite).

    Le fil de liaison 6 utilisé est choisi notamment en fonction de sa tenue en puissance rayonnée par l'antenne. Il peut être métallique et enrobé de téflon. Le choix du diamètre du fil de liaison est par exemple un compromis entre la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble, la tenue à la puissance et la prise au vent. La longueur du fil reliant le brin supérieur à l'embase est notamment fonction de la courbure du brin supérieur du fait de la gravité.The connecting wire 6 used is chosen in particular according to its power handling radiated by the antenna. It can be metallic and coated teflon. The choice of the diameter of the connecting wire is for example a compromise between the mechanical resistance of the assembly, the resistance to power and wind resistance. The length of the wire connecting the strand greater than the base is in particular a function of the curvature of the upper strand due to gravity.

    Avantageusement, une telle architecture permet d'élargir la bande de l'antenne d'une part, car la valeur de l'angle β entre la verticale et chaque fil métallique est supérieure à la valeur de l'angle α, d'autre part car les brins rayonnants ainsi formés apparaissent comme épais et offrent naturellement des propriétés large bande.Advantageously, such an architecture makes it possible to widen the band on the one hand, because the value of the angle β between the vertical and each metal wire is greater than the value of the angle α, on the other hand because the strands radiators thus formed appear thick and naturally offer broadband properties.

    Le nombre de brins supérieurs reliés peut être égal au nombre de brins supérieurs de l'antenne.The number of upper strands connected can be equal to the number of upper strands of the antenna.

    La figure 4 représente une variante de réalisation où un brin supérieur 4 est relié au moyen de deux fils de liaison 6, 6' à l'embase 7. Le point de contact (A, B) des fils à l'embase se situe par exemple à mi-distance des pieds des brins rayonnants adjacents (4i-1, 4i+1) au brin concerné.FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment where an upper strand 4 is connected by means of two connecting wires 6, 6 ′ to the base 7. The contact point (A, B) of the wires to the base is located by example midway between the feet of the adjacent radiating strands (4 i-1 , 4 i + 1 ) to the strand concerned.

    Selon une autre variante de réalisation, la figure 5 représente une antenne de type dipolaire où les fils supérieurs 4 du pôle supérieur sont reliés. Les fils 10 du pôle inférieur peuvent être écartés de façon significative de la verticale en servant de haubanage 11, le principe de liaison par fils métalliques n'est pas nécessairement appliqué au niveau de ce pôle inférieur, l'angle pouvant prendre une valeur importante sans difficulté. Sur la figure l'angle α' que fait un brin rayonnant 10 du pôle inférieur par rapport à l'horizontal est de 45° environ.According to another alternative embodiment, FIG. 5 represents a dipole type antenna where the upper wires 4 of the upper pole are connected. The wires 10 of the lower pole can be moved apart significantly from the vertical by serving as guying 11, the principle of connection by wires metallic is not necessarily applied at this pole lower, the angle can take a significant value without difficulty. On the figure the angle α 'made by a radiating strand 10 of the lower pole relative to the horizontal is approximately 45 °.

    Dans les exemples donnés aux figures 4 et 5, les brins de l'antenne ainsi modifiés et à structure "brins épais" réduisent sensiblement les variations des parties réelles et imaginaires sur une large bande (la structure résonnante est moins sélective ) et permettent une meilleure adaptation avec des éléments passifs classiques (transformateurs, selfs, capacités).In the examples given in FIGS. 4 and 5, the strands of the antenna thus modified and with a "thick strand" structure significantly reduce variations of real and imaginary parts over a wide band (the resonant structure is less selective) and allow better adaptation with conventional passive elements (transformers, inductors, capacity).

    L'ajustement de l'adaptation se fait par des méthodes connues de l'Homme du métier qui ne seront pas détaillées. Ajuster l'adaptation nécessite alors des valeurs d'atténuateurs plus faibles que celles utilisées dans le cas d'antennes classiques (selon l'art antérieur) optimisant ainsi le rendement de l'antenne.The adjustment of the adaptation is done by known methods of the skilled person who will not be detailed. Adjust adaptation then requires lower attenuator values than those used in the case of conventional antennas (according to the prior art) thus optimizing the antenna performance.

    Les exemples donnés précédemment s'appliquent à des antennes HF par exemple 2-30 MHz, de fortes puissances, par exemple de quelques centaines de Watt à quelques kW, constituées de brins rayonnants métalliques enrobés de matériau composite mesurant plus de 10 mètres. Ils s'appliquent aussi pour des antennes utilisées dans des gammes de fréquence correspondant aux bandes F-UHF ou VHF variant de quelques MHz à quelques centaines de MHz.The examples given above apply to antennas HF for example 2-30 MHz, high powers, for example a few hundreds of Watt to a few kW, made up of radiating strands metal coated with composite material measuring more than 10 meters. They also apply to antennas used in ranges of frequency corresponding to the F-UHF or VHF bands varying from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz.

    Les figures 6 à 13 représentent les résultats de simulation obtenus sur une antenne de type dipolaire. Le logiciel de simulation est commercialisé par la société Nittany Scientific sous la marque NEC Winpro.Figures 6 to 13 show the simulation results obtained on a dipole type antenna. The simulation software is marketed by Nittany Scientific under the brand NEC Winpro.

    La structure de l'antenne utilisée est donnée à la figure 6. Elle comporte un pôle supérieur constitué de 4 brins rayonnants 12, de longueur L égale à environ 1.2 mètres. Les brins sont disposés à 90° les uns des autres et font chacun un angle β de 10 ° par rapport à la verticale à leur pied. Ils sont reliés à l'embase 13 au moyen d'un fil 14.The structure of the antenna used is given in Figure 6. It has an upper pole made up of 4 radiating strands 12, of length L equal to about 1.2 meters. The strands are arranged at 90 ° from each other others and each make an angle β of 10 ° relative to the vertical at their foot. They are connected to the base 13 by means of a wire 14.

    Le pôle inférieur est constitué de 4 fils rayonnants 15 de 1.2 mètres de longueur disposés à 90° les uns des autres. Chaque fil rayonnant est incliné de 45°. Le centre de phase de l'antenne est situé par exemple à 2 mètres au-dessus d'un sol 16 de type moyen.The lower pole is made up of 4 radiating wires 15 of 1.2 meters in length arranged at 90 ° to each other. Each radiating wire is tilted 45 °. The antenna phase center is located for example 2 meters above average ground 16.

    Le mât 17 support de l'antenne est en composite. La boíte d'accord 18 est située entre le pôle inférieur et le pôle supérieur.The mast 17 supporting the antenna is made of composite. The box agree 18 is located between the lower pole and the upper pole.

    Les figures 7, 8, 9, 10 schématisent la représentation simulée respectivement d'une antenne classique selon l'art antérieur, d'une antenne avec 1 fil reliant l'extrémité supérieure d'un brin et le pied du brin, d'une antenne avec 2 fils reliant l'extrémité de chaque brin supérieur les deux fils étant à mi-chemin des deux pieds, d'une antenne avec fils rigides sans brin supérieur. Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 show schematically the simulated representation respectively of a conventional antenna according to the prior art, of an antenna with 1 wire connecting the upper end of a strand and the foot of the strand, antenna with 2 wires connecting the end of each upper strand the two wires being halfway between two feet, of an antenna with rigid stranded wires superior.

    La figure 11 représente les courbes TOS associées en fonction de la fréquence.FIG. 11 represents the associated TOS curves as a function of frequency.

    La courbe I correspond à l'antenne classique (figure 7), la courbe II à l'antenne à un fil (figure 8), la courbe III à l'antenne à deux fils (figure 9), la courbe IV aux fils seuls (figure 10).Curve I corresponds to the conventional antenna (Figure 7), the curve II at the one-wire antenna (Figure 8), curve III at the two-wire antenna (Figure 9), the IV curve with the wires alone (Figure 10).

    Les figures 12 et 13 représentent la partie réelle de l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne et la partie imaginaire de l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne respectivement pour une antenne classique (courbe V partie réelle, courbe VII partie imaginaire) et une antenne à un fil (courbe VI partie réelle, courbe VIII partie imaginaire).Figures 12 and 13 show the real part of the impedance input of the antenna and the imaginary part of the input impedance of the antenna respectively for a conventional antenna (curve V real part, curve VII imaginary part) and a wire antenna (curve VI real part, curve VIII imaginary part).

    Ces simulations mettent en évidence l'effet des fils reliés aux brins rayonnants. Ces derniers permettent de restreindre l'amplitude des variations des parties imaginaires et réelles de l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne, ce qui est l'une des propriétés des antennes à structure plus large bande.These simulations highlight the effect of the wires connected to the strands Radiant. These allow to limit the amplitude of the variations imaginary and real parts of the antenna input impedance, this which is one of the properties of wider band antennas.

    Cette baisse de dynamique des variations de l'impédance d'entrée permet par un rapport de transformation adéquat d'obtenir une antenne à TOS inférieur ou égal à 3 sur une très grande largeur de bande (variant par exemple de 60 à 300 MHz dans le cas présent) avec un fil par brin rayonnant contre un TOS maximal de 4 pour l'antenne classique.This drop in dynamics of the variations in the input impedance allows an adequate transformation ratio to obtain an antenna TOS less than or equal to 3 over a very large bandwidth (varying by example of 60 to 300 MHz in this case) with one wire per radiating strand against a maximum TOS of 4 for the conventional antenna.

    On peut constater que la structure d'antenne avec 2 fils par brin rayonnant offre un TOS inférieur ou égal à 3.2.We can see that the antenna structure with 2 wires per strand radiating offers a TOS less than or equal to 3.2.

    L'influence des fils seuls est donnée à la courbe IV figure 11. Ceux-ci permettent d'avoir un TOS inférieur ou égal à 3.5 dû à une inclinaison plus prononcée par rapport à la verticale, mais l'effet combiné des fils reliés aux brins rayonnants qui forment des brins épais apparaít plus efficace.The influence of single wires is given in curve IV in figure 11. These allow to have a TOS less than or equal to 3.5 due to a more steep than the vertical, but the combined effect of wires connected to the radiating strands which form thick strands appears more effective.

    La solution proposée permet notamment de réaliser une antenne 6-30 MHz ou 60-300 MHz avec un TOS inférieur ou égal à 3 ayant un très bon rendement (un seul transformateur de rapport 1: 4 suffit).The proposed solution allows in particular to make an antenna 6-30 MHz or 60-300 MHz with a TOS less than or equal to 3 having a very good efficiency (a single transformer with a 1: 4 ratio is sufficient).

    Ces exemples sont donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs. These examples are given by way of illustration and are in no way limiting.

    Les figures 14 et 15 représentent les relevés d'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne mesurée à l'analyseur de réseau et représentés sous forme respectivement de TOS et d'abaque de Smith.Figures 14 and 15 show the impedance readings input of the antenna measured with the network analyzer and represented under form of TOS and Smith abacus respectively.

    L'effet de baisse du TOS sur la bande apparaít avec la modification de l'antenne, TOS maximal de 9 pour l'antenne classique et de 6 pour l'antenne modifiée. De même, pour l'abaque de Smith, il apparaít que les boucles de résonance sont moins prononcées avec l'antenne modifiée, rendant ainsi l'adaptation plus aisée.The effect of lowering the TOS on the band appears with the modification of the antenna, maximum TOS of 9 for the conventional antenna and 6 for the modified antenna. Similarly, for Smith's abacus, it appears that the resonance loops are less pronounced with the modified antenna, thus making adaptation easier.

    Claims (9)

    Antenne filaire monopolaire ou dipolaire à polarisation verticale comportant un ou plusieurs brins rayonnants, lesdits brins rayonnants étant reliés à une embase, caractérisé en ce que au moins un desdits brins a une première extrémité reliée au moyen d'un fil conducteur à ladite embase ou relié à sa seconde extrémité.Monopolar or dipolar wire antenna with vertical polarization comprising one or more radiating strands, said radiating strands being connected to a base, characterized in that at least one of said strands has a first end connected by means of a conductive wire to said base or connected at its second end. Antenne selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le ou les brins rayonnants (4) reliés sont les brins du pôle supérieur.Antenna according to claim 1 characterized in that the radiating strand (s) (4) connected are the strands of the upper pole. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisée en ce qu'un brin rayonnant (4) est relié au moyen de deux fils (6, 6') à mi-chemin entre le pied de chaque brin métallique.Antenna according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that a radiating strand (4) is connected by means of two wires (6, 6 ') halfway between the base of each metal strand. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisée en ce que le fil reliant les deux extrémités (6) est un fil métallique.Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the wire connecting the two ends (6) is a metal wire. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisée en ce que le fil reliant les deux extrémités est un fil métallique enrobé de Teflon.Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the wire connecting the two ends is a metal wire coated with Teflon. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisée en ce que les liaisons entre le fil conducteur (6) et un brin rayonnant (4) se font à l'aide de fiches de type banane.Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the connections between the conductive wire (6) and a radiating strand (4) are made using banana type plugs. Antenne monopolaire comportant au moins une des caractéristiques de l'antenne selon les revendications 1 à 6.Monopolar antenna comprising at least one of the characteristics of the antenna according to claims 1 to 6. Antenne dipolaire comportant au moins une des caractéristiques de l'antenne selon les revendications 1 à 6. Dipole antenna comprising at least one of the characteristics of the antenna according to claims 1 to 6. Utilisation de l'antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 dans la gamme de fréquence correspondant aux bandes F-UHF ou VHF, de quelques MHz à quelques centaines de MHz.Use of the antenna according to one of claims 1 to 8 in the frequency range corresponding to the F-UHF or VHF bands, from a few MHz to a few hundred MHz.
    EP03100406A 2002-02-22 2003-02-20 Wideband monopole or dipole antenna Withdrawn EP1339134A1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR0202303A FR2836601A1 (en) 2002-02-22 2002-02-22 BROADBAND MONOPOLAR OR DIPOLAR ANTENNA
    FR0202303 2002-02-22

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    EP1339134A1 true EP1339134A1 (en) 2003-08-27

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    EP (1) EP1339134A1 (en)
    FR (1) FR2836601A1 (en)

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    Also Published As

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    US6822621B2 (en) 2004-11-23
    FR2836601A1 (en) 2003-08-29
    US20030214455A1 (en) 2003-11-20

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