EP2199679A1 - Method and device for optimising the combustion in a power plant - Google Patents

Method and device for optimising the combustion in a power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2199679A1
EP2199679A1 EP08172545A EP08172545A EP2199679A1 EP 2199679 A1 EP2199679 A1 EP 2199679A1 EP 08172545 A EP08172545 A EP 08172545A EP 08172545 A EP08172545 A EP 08172545A EP 2199679 A1 EP2199679 A1 EP 2199679A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
real
distribution
concentration distribution
dimension
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EP08172545A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernhard Meerbeck
Rainer Speh
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to EP08172545A priority Critical patent/EP2199679A1/en
Priority to ES09799346T priority patent/ES2530677T3/en
Priority to EP09799346.3A priority patent/EP2368071B1/en
Priority to US13/141,109 priority patent/US20120058438A1/en
Priority to CN200980151076.1A priority patent/CN102257325B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2009/067627 priority patent/WO2010072708A1/en
Publication of EP2199679A1 publication Critical patent/EP2199679A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/08Measuring temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant in which a real concentration distribution of a substance and / or a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is measured.
  • absorption spectroscopy is known.
  • sonic pyrometry is known. With absorption spectroscopy or sonic pyrometry, only mean values of a line in the boiler room or combustion chamber can be measured.
  • the CAT measuring technique For calculating the temperature and concentration distribution in a plane of a combustion chamber from measured average values at different locations of the combustion chamber of a power plant, the CAT measuring technique, computer aided tomography, is known.
  • the inventive method for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises the steps: measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, evaluating the real concentration distribution and controlling the combustion of the fuel such that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance in the at least one dimension arises.
  • the inventive method for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises the step: measuring a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, evaluating the real temperature distribution and controlling the combustion of the fuel such that a symmetrical temperature distribution in the at least one dimension arises.
  • a device according to the invention for optimizing the combustion of fuel material in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises a device for measuring a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, a device for evaluating the real temperature distribution and a device for controlling the combustion of the fuel material, that a symmetrical temperature distribution arises in the at least one dimension.
  • two-dimensional concentration distributions and / or temperature distributions are measured during the measurement and from this during evaluation at least one one-dimensional concentration distribution or temperature distribution is calculated.
  • At least one characteristic number for the symmetry of the real concentration distribution and / or temperature distribution is determined during the evaluation and, when controlling, at least one control parameter is changed as a function of the at least one characteristic number.
  • the real concentration distribution and / or temperature distribution is divided into several sections during evaluation and the combustion is controlled in such a way that a symmetrical concentration distribution or temperature distribution arises in each of the sections.
  • an at least one-dimensional, but preferably two-dimensional distribution for the temperature and / or concentration of at least one substance is generated according to the invention on the basis of known measuring techniques. From the distribution thus measured, one-dimensional or mathematical distributions or curves along an axis or along an intercept are calculated.
  • key figures are preferably determined which capture or describe the symmetry or asymmetry (skewness) of the mathematical distribution.
  • suitable actuators such as allocators for coal or air control valves are so dimmed that a symmetrical distribution arises in each axis. If several mathematical distributions exist along one axis, the considered axes are divided into appropriate interceptions and then the above optimization is done for each of the sections.
  • a combustion chamber 10 of a coal power plant not further illustrated, in which a coal fire burns during operation of the coal power plant is shown.
  • the combustion chamber 10 are the fuel coal with associated fuel gases, flames 11 and exhaust gases.
  • two measuring planes 12 and 14 are provided, at the edge of which are each spaced from each other measuring instruments 16.
  • two of the measuring instruments 16 allow a linear measurement in the associated measuring plane 12 and 14, wherein with the aid of the measuring instruments 16 and an associated evaluation device 18 z.
  • B. the concentration of substances O 2 (oxygen) and CO (carbon monoxide) can be measured.
  • the temperature distribution in the associated measuring plane 12 or 14 can be determined with the measuring instruments 16 and the evaluation device 18.
  • the measurement is based on a combination of measurement technology and CAT calculation.
  • the evaluation device 18 is operationally coupled via a data bus 20 with an optimization device 22, an operating device 24 and a guide or control system 26. Via the operating device 24, the real concentration distributions determined by the evaluation device 18 as well as temperature distributions are used in such a way that proposals for optimizing the combustion can be made with the optimizing device 22 and these can be used in the guide device 26. As a result, the flames 11 burning in the combustion chamber 10 are optimized, in particular with regard to a low emission of NO x (nitrogen oxide).
  • NO x nitrogen oxide
  • the optimization device 22 evaluates the measured real concentration distributions and controls the combustion in such a way that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substances oxygen and carbon monoxide is formed in at least one axis or dimension.
  • the associated method is in Fig. 2 illustrated. It comprises the step 28 of measuring the concentration distribution of at least the substances O 2 and CO in the abovementioned measurement planes 12 and 14. In step 30, the temperature distribution in these planes is determined.
  • step 32 These input data are used in step 32 to evaluate one-dimensional or mathematical distributions or curves and associated key figures for the symmetry or asymmetry of the distributions from the concentration distributions. Further, the distributions or curves are decomposed in step 32 into several sections with their own, associated distributions.
  • a step 34 on the basis of these investigations, an optimization of the combustion is carried out in such a way that symmetrical concentration and temperature distributions arise. These can be monitored in the measurement levels 14 and 16, so that a total of a closed loop for step 28 is formed.
  • the evaluation is based on three basic assumptions or three basic simplifications: Only direct measured values, moments and gradients of the measurements are used. In particular, the distribution tomography of the measured concentrations and temperatures is reconstructed on the basis of in particular 20 to 25 crossing points of the measurements. These direct measurements are described as feature vectors. Furthermore, the fundamental difference values between these direct measured values are used and, if desired, intermediate values can be determined on the basis of interpolation.
  • the first to fourth moments are determined along the horizontal, the vertical and the two diagonals of each measuring field, ie each field between the crossing points.
  • the moments are determined based on the profiles or distributions along each measurement direction or dimension.
  • the first and second moments represent the mean and variance of a distribution.
  • the third and fourth moments represent the skewness and camber of a distribution.
  • the skewness is a measure of the symmetry or the lack of symmetry.
  • the vault is a Measure whether the distribution is acute or flat compared to a normal distribution or norm distribution.
  • Fig. 3 shows the result of the thus made optimization of combustion. It is from the Fig. 3 clearly to recognize the largely symmetrical distribution of CO and O 2 in the measurement plane 12 after the optimization.

Abstract

The method involves measuring real concentration distribution of a substance in a combustion chamber (10), and evaluating the real concentration distribution. The combustion of the fuel is controlled such that symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance is developed. A characteristic factor for the symmetry of the real concentration distribution is determined during evaluation of the real concentration distribution, and a control parameter is changed in dependence of the characteristic factor during controlling the combustion of the fuel. An independent claim is also included for a device for optimizing combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks bei dem eine reale Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes und/oder eine reale Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum gemessen wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant in which a real concentration distribution of a substance and / or a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is measured.

Bei Kraftwerken ist es das grundlegende Ziel, die in einem Verbrennungsraum des Kraftwerks, beispielsweise einem Kessel mit einer quadratischen Grundfläche von 10 Meter mal 10 Meter, stattfindende Verbrennung möglichst großflächig zu überwachen, um daraus die notwendigen Größen für die Optimierung des Verbrennungsprozesses ableiten zu können.In power plants, it is the fundamental goal to monitor as large as possible in a combustion chamber of the power plant, such as a boiler with a square base of 10 meters by 10 meters, taking place, in order to derive the necessary parameters for the optimization of the combustion process.

So ist als Verfahren die Absorptionsspektroskopie bekannt. Als alternative Messtechnik ist die Schall-Pyrometrie bekannt. Mit Absorptionsspektroskopie oder Schall-Pyrometrie können nur Mittelwerte einer Linie im Kesselraum bzw. Verbrennungsraum gemessen werden.Thus, the method of absorption spectroscopy is known. As an alternative measurement technique, sonic pyrometry is known. With absorption spectroscopy or sonic pyrometry, only mean values of a line in the boiler room or combustion chamber can be measured.

Zum Berechnen der Temperatur- und -Konzentrationsverteilung in einer Ebene eines Verbrennungsraums aus gemessenen Mittelwerten an verschiedenen Stellen des Verbrennungsraumes eines Kraftwerks ist die CAT-Messtechnik, die Computer Aided Tomographie, bekannt.For calculating the temperature and concentration distribution in a plane of a combustion chamber from measured average values at different locations of the combustion chamber of a power plant, the CAT measuring technique, computer aided tomography, is known.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung eine weitergehende Optimierung der Verbrennung in einem Kraftwerk zu schaffen.It is an object of the invention to provide further optimization of combustion in a power plant.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, einer Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 9 und einer Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved with a method according to claim 1, a method according to claim 5, a device according to claim 9 and a device according to claim 10. Advantageous developments are described in the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks umfasst die Schritte: Messen einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, Auswerten der realen Konzentrationsverteilung und Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung des Stoffes in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht.The inventive method for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises the steps: measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, evaluating the real concentration distribution and controlling the combustion of the fuel such that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance in the at least one dimension arises.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks die Schritt: Messen einer realen Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, Auswerten der realen Temperaturverteilung und Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht.Alternatively or additionally, the inventive method for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises the step: measuring a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, evaluating the real temperature distribution and controlling the combustion of the fuel such that a symmetrical temperature distribution in the at least one dimension arises.

Entsprechend umfasst eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks eine Einrichtung zum Messen einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, eine Einrichtung zum Auswerten der realen Konzentrationsverteilung und eine Einrichtung zum Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung des Stoffes in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht.Accordingly, a device according to the invention for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises means for measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, means for evaluating the real concentration distribution and means for controlling combustion of the fuel material, that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance arises in the at least one dimension.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich umfasst eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks eine Einrichtung zum Messen einer realen Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, eine Einrichtung zum Auswerten der realen Temperaturverteilung und eine Einrichtung zum Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht.Alternatively or additionally, a device according to the invention for optimizing the combustion of fuel material in a combustion chamber of a power plant comprises a device for measuring a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, a device for evaluating the real temperature distribution and a device for controlling the combustion of the fuel material, that a symmetrical temperature distribution arises in the at least one dimension.

Bei einer ersten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden beim Messen zweidimensionale Konzentrationsverteilungen und/oder Temperaturverteilungen gemessen und daraus beim Auswerten mindestens eine eindimensionale Konzentrationsverteilung bzw. Temperaturverteilung errechnet.In a first advantageous development of the method according to the invention, two-dimensional concentration distributions and / or temperature distributions are measured during the measurement and from this during evaluation at least one one-dimensional concentration distribution or temperature distribution is calculated.

Bei einer zweiten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird beim Auswerten mindestens eine Kennzahl für die Symmetrie der realen Konzentrationsverteilung und/oder Temperaturverteilung ermittelt und beim Steuern mindestens ein Steuerparameter in Abhängigkeit der mindesten einens Kennzahl verändert.In a second advantageous development of the method according to the invention, at least one characteristic number for the symmetry of the real concentration distribution and / or temperature distribution is determined during the evaluation and, when controlling, at least one control parameter is changed as a function of the at least one characteristic number.

Bei einer dritten vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird beim Auswerten die reale Konzentrationsverteilung und/oder Temperaturverteilung in mehrere Abschnitte zerlegt und die Verbrennung derart gesteuert, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung bzw. Temperaturverteilung in jedem der Abschnitte entsteht.In a third advantageous development of the method according to the invention, the real concentration distribution and / or temperature distribution is divided into several sections during evaluation and the combustion is controlled in such a way that a symmetrical concentration distribution or temperature distribution arises in each of the sections.

Mit anderen Worten wird erfindungsgemäß auf der Grundlage bekannter Messtechniken eine mindestens eindimensionale, bevorzugt aber zweidimensionale Verteilung für die Temperatur und/oder Konzentration mindestens eines Stoffes erzeugt. Aus der derart gemessenen Verteilung werden eindimensionale bzw. mathematische Verteilungen oder Kurven entlang einer Achse bzw. entlang eines Achsenabschnitts berechnet. Zu den Verteilungen werden bevorzugt Kennzahlen ermittelt, die die Symmetrie bzw. Asymmetrie (Schiefe) der mathematischen Verteilung erfassen oder beschreiben. In Abhängigkeit der Kennzahlen werden geeignete Stellorgane, wie z.B. Zuteiler für Kohle oder Luftregelklappen derart vertrimmt, dass eine symmetrische Vereilung in jeder Achse entsteht. Wenn entlang einer Achse mehrere mathematische Verteilungen existieren, werden die betrachteten Achsen in geeignete Achsenabschnitte aufgeteilt und es wird dann für jeden der Abschnitte die oben genannte Optimierung vorgenommen.In other words, an at least one-dimensional, but preferably two-dimensional distribution for the temperature and / or concentration of at least one substance is generated according to the invention on the basis of known measuring techniques. From the distribution thus measured, one-dimensional or mathematical distributions or curves along an axis or along an intercept are calculated. For the distributions, key figures are preferably determined which capture or describe the symmetry or asymmetry (skewness) of the mathematical distribution. Depending on the key figures suitable actuators, such as allocators for coal or air control valves are so dimmed that a symmetrical distribution arises in each axis. If several mathematical distributions exist along one axis, the considered axes are divided into appropriate interceptions and then the above optimization is done for each of the sections.

Mit der beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Vorgehensweise und der zugehörigen Vorrichtung wird eine weitergehend homogene und damit schadstoffarme Verbrennung unter automatischer Anpassung der Regelungsparameter möglich. Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und
  • Fig. 3 graphische Darstellungen mittels Graustufen der Verteilungen von CO und O2 in einer Messebene der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 vor und nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Optimierung.
With the described procedure according to the invention and the associated device, a further homogeneous and therefore low-emission combustion with automatic adjustment of the control parameters becomes possible. An exemplary embodiment of the solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of the device according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 an embodiment of the method and
  • Fig. 3 Graphs by means of gray levels of the distributions of CO and O 2 in a measuring plane of the device according to Fig. 1 before and after an optimization according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Verbrennungsraum 10 eines weiter nicht veranschaulichten Kohlekraftwerks dargestellt, in dem beim Betrieb des Kohlekraftwerks ein Kohlefeuer brennt. In dem Verbrennungsraum 10 befinden sich dabei das Brennmaterial Kohle mit zugehörigen Brenngasen, Flammen 11 sowie Abgase.In Fig. 1 a combustion chamber 10 of a coal power plant, not further illustrated, in which a coal fire burns during operation of the coal power plant is shown. In the combustion chamber 10 are the fuel coal with associated fuel gases, flames 11 and exhaust gases.

Im Verbrennungsraum 10 sind zwei Messebenen 12 und 14 vorgesehen, an deren Rand sich jeweils beabstandet von einander Messinstrumente 16 befinden. Jeweils zwei der Messinstrumente 16 ermöglichen eine linienförmige Messung in der zugehörigen Messebene 12 bzw. 14, wobei mit Hilfe der Messinstrumente 16 und einer zugehörigen Auswerteeinrichtung 18 z. B. die Konzentration der Stoffe O2 (Sauerstoff) und CO (Kohlenmonoxid) gemessen werden können.In the combustion chamber 10, two measuring planes 12 and 14 are provided, at the edge of which are each spaced from each other measuring instruments 16. In each case two of the measuring instruments 16 allow a linear measurement in the associated measuring plane 12 and 14, wherein with the aid of the measuring instruments 16 and an associated evaluation device 18 z. B. the concentration of substances O 2 (oxygen) and CO (carbon monoxide) can be measured.

Ferner kann mit den Messinstrumenten 16 und der Auswerteeinrichtung 18 die Temperaturverteilung in der zugehörigen Messebene 12 bzw. 14 ermittelt werden. Die Messung beruht dabei auf einer Kombination von Messtechnik und CAT-Berechnung.Furthermore, the temperature distribution in the associated measuring plane 12 or 14 can be determined with the measuring instruments 16 and the evaluation device 18. The measurement is based on a combination of measurement technology and CAT calculation.

Die Auswerteeinrichtung 18 ist über einen Datenbus 20 mit einer Optimierungseinrichtung 22, einer Bedieneinrichtung 24 und einer Leiteinrichtung bzw. Leittechnik 26 betrieblich gekoppelt. Über die Bedieneinrichtung 24 werden die von der Auswerteeinrichtung 18 ermittelten realen Konzentrationsverteilungen sowie Temperaturverteilungen derart genutzt, dass mit der Optimierungseinrichtung 22 Vorschläge für eine Optimierung der Verbrennung erstellt und diese in der Leiteinrichtung 26 verwandt werden können. Dadurch werden die in dem Verbrennungsraum 10 brennenden Flammen 11 insbesondere im Hinblick auf einen geringen Ausstoß von NOx (Stickoxid) optimiert.The evaluation device 18 is operationally coupled via a data bus 20 with an optimization device 22, an operating device 24 and a guide or control system 26. Via the operating device 24, the real concentration distributions determined by the evaluation device 18 as well as temperature distributions are used in such a way that proposals for optimizing the combustion can be made with the optimizing device 22 and these can be used in the guide device 26. As a result, the flames 11 burning in the combustion chamber 10 are optimized, in particular with regard to a low emission of NO x (nitrogen oxide).

Zur Optimierung wertet die Optimierungseinrichtung 22 die gemessenen realen Konzentrationsverteilungen aus und steuert die Verbrennung derart, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung der Stoffe Sauerstoff und Kohlenmonoxid in mindestens einer Achse bzw. Dimension entsteht.For optimization, the optimization device 22 evaluates the measured real concentration distributions and controls the combustion in such a way that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substances oxygen and carbon monoxide is formed in at least one axis or dimension.

Das zugehörige Verfahren ist in Fig. 2 veranschaulicht. Es umfasst den Schritt 28 des Messens der Konzentrationsverteilung zumindest der Stoffe O2 und CO in den oben genannten Messebenen 12 und 14. Im Schritt 30 wird die Temperaturverteilung in diesen Ebenen ermittelt.The associated method is in Fig. 2 illustrated. It comprises the step 28 of measuring the concentration distribution of at least the substances O 2 and CO in the abovementioned measurement planes 12 and 14. In step 30, the temperature distribution in these planes is determined.

Diese Eingangsdaten werden im Schritt 32 verwendet, um aus den Konzentrationsverteilungen eindimensionale bzw. mathematische Verteilungen bzw. Kurven sowie zugehörige Kennzahlen für die Symmetrie bzw. Asymmetrie der Verteilungen auszuwerten. Ferner werden die Verteilungen bzw. Kurven im Schritt 32 in mehrere Abschnitte mit eigenen, zugehörigen Verteilungen zerlegt.These input data are used in step 32 to evaluate one-dimensional or mathematical distributions or curves and associated key figures for the symmetry or asymmetry of the distributions from the concentration distributions. Further, the distributions or curves are decomposed in step 32 into several sections with their own, associated distributions.

Nachfolgend wird in einem Schritt 34 auf der Grundlage dieser Ermittlungen eine Optimierung der Verbrennung dahingehend vorgenommen, dass symmetrische Konzentrations- und Temperaturverteilungen entstehen. Diese können in den Messebenen 14 und 16 überwacht werden, so dass insgesamt ein geschlossener Regelkreis zum Schritt 28 entsteht.Subsequently, in a step 34 on the basis of these investigations, an optimization of the combustion is carried out in such a way that symmetrical concentration and temperature distributions arise. These can be monitored in the measurement levels 14 and 16, so that a total of a closed loop for step 28 is formed.

Obwohl aus der Messung gemäß den Schritten 28 und 30 tausende von Merkmalen bzw. Informationen der Verbrennung ausgewertet werden könnten, wird bei der beschriebenen Vorgehensweise bewusst nur ein sehr kleiner Ausschnitt bzw. Teil dieser Informationen verarbeitet. Anders wäre ein sinnvolles Verhältnis von Kosten zu Nutzen nicht zu erreichen.Although thousands of characteristics or information of the combustion could be evaluated from the measurement according to steps 28 and 30, in the procedure described only a very small portion or part of this information is consciously processed. Otherwise, a meaningful ratio of costs to benefits would not be achieved.

Die Auswertung erfolgt bezogen auf drei Grundannahmen bzw. drei Grundvereinfachungen: Es werden nur direkte Messwerte, Momente und Gradienten der Messungen verwendet. So wird insbesondere die Verteilungstomographie der gemessenen Konzentrationen und Temperaturen auf der Basis von insbesondere 20 bis 25 Kreuzungspunkten der Messungen rekonstruiert. Diese direkten Messwerte werden als Merkmalsvektoren beschrieben. Es werden ferner die grundlegenden Differenzwerte zwischen diese direkten Messwerten verwendet und es können, wenn gewünscht, aufgrund von Interpolation Zwischenwerte ermittelt werden.The evaluation is based on three basic assumptions or three basic simplifications: Only direct measured values, moments and gradients of the measurements are used. In particular, the distribution tomography of the measured concentrations and temperatures is reconstructed on the basis of in particular 20 to 25 crossing points of the measurements. These direct measurements are described as feature vectors. Furthermore, the fundamental difference values between these direct measured values are used and, if desired, intermediate values can be determined on the basis of interpolation.

Um Verteilungen in jeder gewünschten Richtung zu erhalten, werden das erste bis vierte Moment entlang der Horizontalen, der Vertikalen und der beiden Diagonalen eines jeden Messfeldes, also jedes Feldes zwischen den Kreuzungspunkten ermittelt. Die Momente werden basierend auf den Profilen bzw. Verteilungen längs jeder Messrichtung bzw. Dimension ermittelt. Das erste und zweite Moment repräsentieren den Durchschnittswert und die Varianz bzw. Streuung einer Verteilung. Das dritte und vierte Moment repräsentieren die Schiefe und die Wölbung einer Verteilung. Die Schiefe ist ein Maß für die Symmetrie bzw. den Mangel an Symmetrie. Die Wölbung ist ein Maß, ob die Verteilung im Vergleich zu einer normalen Verteilung bzw. Normverteilung spitz oder flach ist.In order to obtain distributions in any desired direction, the first to fourth moments are determined along the horizontal, the vertical and the two diagonals of each measuring field, ie each field between the crossing points. The moments are determined based on the profiles or distributions along each measurement direction or dimension. The first and second moments represent the mean and variance of a distribution. The third and fourth moments represent the skewness and camber of a distribution. The skewness is a measure of the symmetry or the lack of symmetry. The vault is a Measure whether the distribution is acute or flat compared to a normal distribution or norm distribution.

In jedem Messfeld wird ferner der Gradient des Durchschnittswertes ermittelt. Die Magnitude bzw. der Wert des Gradienten gibt (z.B. dargestellt als ein Pfeil im jeweiligen Messfeld) Auskunft darüber, wo sich in der Verteilung Spitzen bzw. Konzentrationen befinden. Fig. 3 zeigt das Ergebnis der derart vorgenommenen Optimierung der Verbrennung. Es ist aus der Fig. 3 deutlich die weitestgehend symmetrische Verteilung von CO und O2 in der Messebene 12 nach der Optimierung zu erkennen.In each measuring field, the gradient of the average value is also determined. The magnitude or the value of the gradient indicates (for example, shown as an arrow in the respective measuring field) information about where peaks or concentrations are in the distribution. Fig. 3 shows the result of the thus made optimization of combustion. It is from the Fig. 3 clearly to recognize the largely symmetrical distribution of CO and O 2 in the measurement plane 12 after the optimization.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks mit den Schritten: - Messen (28) einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, - Auswerten (32) der realen Konzentrationsverteilung und - Steuern (34) der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung des Stoffes in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht. Method for optimizing combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant, comprising the steps of: Measuring (28) a real concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion space in at least one dimension, - Evaluate (32) the real concentration distribution and - Controlling (34) the combustion of the fuel material such that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance in the at least one dimension is formed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
bei dem beim Messen (28) zweidimensionale Konzentrationsverteilungen gemessen und daraus beim Auswerten (32) mindestens eine eindimensionale Konzentrationsverteilung errechnet wird.
Method according to claim 1,
in which two-dimensional concentration distributions are measured during measurement (28) and at least one one-dimensional concentration distribution is calculated during evaluation (32).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
bei dem beim Auswerten (32) mindestens eine Kennzahl für die Symmetrie der realen Konzentrationsverteilung ermittelt und beim Steuern (34) mindestens ein Steuerparameter in Abhängigkeit der mindestens einen Kennzahl verändert wird.
Method according to claim 1 or 2,
in which during evaluation (32) at least one index for the symmetry of the real concentration distribution is determined and when controlling (34) at least one control parameter is changed as a function of the at least one index.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
bei dem beim Auswerten (32) die reale Konzentrationsverteilung in mehrere Abschnitte zerlegt und die Verbrennung derart gesteuert wird, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung in jedem der Abschnitte entsteht.
Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
in which, during the evaluation (32), the real concentration distribution is divided into several sections and the combustion is controlled in such a way that a symmetrical concentration distribution arises in each of the sections.
Verfahren zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit den Schritten: - Messen (30) einer realen Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, - Auswerten (32) der realen Temperaturverteilung und - Steuern (34) der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht. Method for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 4, with the steps: Measuring (30) a real temperature distribution in the combustion space in at least one dimension, - Evaluate (32) the real temperature distribution and - Controlling (34) the combustion of the fuel material such that a symmetrical temperature distribution arises in the at least one dimension. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
bei dem beim Messen (30) zweidimensionale Temperaturverteilungen gemessen und daraus beim Auswerten (32) mindestens eine eindimensionale Temperaturverteilung errechnet wird.
Method according to claim 5,
in which measured during measurement (30) two-dimensional temperature distributions and from the evaluation (32) at least one one-dimensional temperature distribution is calculated.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
bei dem beim Auswerten (32) mindestens eine Kennzahl für die Symmetrie der realen Temperaturverteilung ermittelt und beim Steuern (34) mindestens ein Steuerparameter in Abhängigkeit der mindestens einen Kennzahl verändert wird.
Method according to claim 5 or 6,
in which during evaluation (32) at least one index for the symmetry of the real temperature distribution is determined and when controlling (34) at least one control parameter is changed as a function of the at least one code number.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7,
bei dem beim Auswerten (32) die reale Temperaturverteilung in mehrere Abschnitte zerlegt und die Verbrennung derart gesteuert wird, dass eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung in jedem der Abschnitte entsteht.
Method according to one of claims 5 to 7,
in which during evaluation (32) the real temperature distribution is broken down into several sections and the combustion is controlled in such a way that a symmetrical temperature distribution arises in each of the sections.
Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks mit - einer Einrichtung (16) zum Messen einer realen Konzentrationsverteilung eines Stoffes im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, - einer Einrichtung (18) zum Auswerten der realen Konzentrationsverteilung und - einer Einrichtung (22, 26) zum Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Konzentrationsverteilung des Stoffes in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht. Device for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant a device (16) for measuring a real concentration distribution of a substance in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, - means (18) for evaluating the real concentration distribution and - A device (22, 26) for controlling the combustion of the fuel material such that a symmetrical concentration distribution of the substance in the at least one dimension is formed. Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Verbrennung von Brennmaterial in einem Verbrennungsraum eines Kraftwerks, insbesondere nach Anspruch 9, mit - einer Einrichtung (16) zum Messen einer realen Temperaturverteilung im Verbrennungsraum in mindestens einer Dimension, - einer Einrichtung (18) zum Auswerten der realen Temperaturverteilung und - einer Einrichtung (22, 26) zum Steuern der Verbrennung des Brennmaterials derart, dass eine symmetrische Temperaturverteilung in der mindestens einen Dimension entsteht. Device for optimizing the combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber of a power plant, in particular according to claim 9, with a device (16) for measuring a real temperature distribution in the combustion chamber in at least one dimension, - A device (18) for evaluating the real temperature distribution and - A device (22, 26) for controlling the combustion of the fuel material such that a symmetrical temperature distribution in the at least one dimension is formed.
EP08172545A 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Method and device for optimising the combustion in a power plant Withdrawn EP2199679A1 (en)

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EP08172545A EP2199679A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Method and device for optimising the combustion in a power plant
ES09799346T ES2530677T3 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Method and device for combustion optimization in a power plant
EP09799346.3A EP2368071B1 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Method and device for optimizing combustion in a power plant
US13/141,109 US20120058438A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Method and Device for Optimizing Combustion in a Power Plant
CN200980151076.1A CN102257325B (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 For equipment and the method for Optimizing Combustion in power station
PCT/EP2009/067627 WO2010072708A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Method and device for optimizing combustion in a power plant

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