US1446718A - Vertical-rising aeroplane and aerofoil - Google Patents

Description

F. NEWBAUER VERTICAL RISING AEROPLANE AND AEROFOIL Feb. 27, R923.,-

/ N VENTOR FLENT/NE NEWBAUER BYVS TTO RNEY hmmm Feb. 27, w23.,

F. NEW/BAUER VERTICAL RISING AEROPLANE AND AEROFOI'L Filed Aug. 25, 1921 4 sheets-sheet 2 l/V VEN TOF? FALE/VT/NE NEM/BAUER l5 ATTORNEY Feb. 27, l923 F. NEW/[BAUER VERTICAL RISING AEROPLANE AND AEROFOIL Filed Aug. 25, 1921 4 sheets-sheet 5 /NVE TOR FA lLENTm/E NE WBA UER Feb. 27, 923., LMMELS F. NEWBAUER lVERTICAL RISING AEROPLANE AND AEROFOIL Filed Aug. 25, 1921 4 sheets-sheet 4 /NVE/VTOR FALENT//VE NEVVBAUER WATTURNEY f maf/@h Patented Feb.. 27, i923..

Mettiti@ FALENTINE NEWBAUER, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR F ONE-TENTH TO CHARLES 0.7TANKEL, ONE-TENTH NEWMARK, ONE-TENTH TO CHARLES FOUR ONE-HUNDREDTHS T0 NATI-IAN T0 MORRIS BESKN, ONETENTH TO EMANUEL FINN, ONE-IENTH TOSAMUEL GORDON, AND RIVKIN, ALL GF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

VERTICAL-RISING AEROPLANE AND AEROFOIL.

Application filed August 25, 1921. Serial No. 495,35@

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, FALENTINE NEW- BAUER, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hent nepin and State of Minnesota7 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vertical-Rising Aeroplanes and Aerofoils; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the lo' invention, such as will enable `others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. A

rlhis invention relates to fiying machines or aircrafts and generally to suc-l1 a machine .15 adapted to rise vertically from the ground' in starting a flight, the machine also being provided with wings by which it is sustained for longitudinal flight.

lt is an object of this invention to pro- 2@ vide a flying machine with air foils of large extent which extend substantially over the ,entire wing surface, which foils form the lifting means for the machine.

lt is another object of this invention to provide a wing in connection with said foils which wing is formed of a plurality or series of pivoted sections which sections are rotatable and arranged to be operated in unison.

lt is a further object of this invention to provide such al machine with a horizontal tail rudder composed, likewise, of a plurality or series of pivoted sections, which sections are adapted to be controlled in unison simultaneously with the sections of the other wings.

lt is another object ofthe invention tov have the sections of the wings formed with camber or curved lower surface and to so 4o arrange these sections with their pivots on a curve so that all of the sections in a series co-operate to form a cambered wing.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a wing which is not only formed 4e with a longitudinal camber, but is also bent downwardly at its outer ends to have a lower concave or cambered surface.

lt is still a further object of the, 'nvention 'to so construct the said air foils that they 5o have `bot-h a transverse and radial camber on their undersurfaces which transverse camber -is of greater curvature at the forward portion and which longitudinal or radial curvature is of greater' curvature near the center 0f the foil.

lt is also an object of the invention to `construct this foil of spaced truss members connected by longitudinal girders and a surrounding frame, the whole being covered with a light metal material.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be fully set forth in the following description made in connection with the accompanying ldrawings-in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views, and in which Fig. l is a view in side elevation of the machine;

Fig. 2 is a View showing one of the trusses of the air foil taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 2a is a section on the line m-- of Fig. 2;

of the air foil, a portion of one side being omitted;

Fig. 8 is a view in vertical section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7; v

` Fig. 9 is a view in side elevation of the foil as seen from the bottom of Fig. l;

Figs. 10 and 1l are, respectively, a view in side and end elevation of a portion of the foil structure;

Fig. l2'is a view in front elevation of the mchine` a portion of one side being omitte Fig. 13 is a sectional view on an enlarged sca-le taken on the line 13-13 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 14: is an end view of Fig. l2, as seen from the right hand side; and v Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the bearing brackets.

Referring to the drawings, the machine comprises the customary fuselage structure l of customary design which is equipped with two seats la and lb with the usual control sticks c. This fuselage carries the usual verticaltail rudders 2 and vanes 3 and is supported in the usual manner upon trucks 4 and runnerv 5 with a running gear of the usual or at the center of each half portion of the wing. In plan, these foils, as shown in Figs. I6 and 7 are in the shape of an oblique 4parallelogram, the longest radial side being in the d1rection of rotation or at the forward edge. These foils are constructed of a series of transverse girders -or ,frames 6a made of aluminum or other light metal, and as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 5, these girders are provided with a plurality ofopenings to render the sameas light as possible.

As shown in Fig. 8, each of these girders comprisesfour channel members, the girders being separated onan approximately central longitudinal line and the -variousangle members being riveted together at their central portions. The members .6 are provided 'at their ends with brackets 7 having flanges which are riveted to the sides of the girders and also I comprising semi-circular hubs'. Through these hubs and the grooves in the ends of the girders, a pipe vor outside frame member 8 is disposed, the same being brazed or welded to the semicircular hubs of bearings 7. The frame members 6a yare also connected by intermediate girders 6b and 6, there being an adjacent pair of the girders 6b'disposed, one above the other, and also a pair of the members 6c disposed, one above the other, as shownl in Fig. 9. These members 6b and 6 are secured to the members 6a by brackets 9 provided with semicircul-ar hubs and semicircular flanges, the flanges being riveted to the members 6a and the hubs being riveted brazed or welded to the members 6b and 6. The members Gb'and 6 are formed as hollow cylinders or pipes and the respective pairs of these members are joined by bracing mem-bers 6d and6 also in the form of pipes which are b-razed or welded thereto. The members 6" and 6 curve 'inwardly at the center of the foil where they are brazed or welded to brackets 10, which brackets are made in halves. and' riveted together and provided with flanges extending about the shell of the hub 11 to which they are also riveted. `The lpipes 6c and 6b are also equipped a short distance from ytheir hub with split brackets 12 which are provided With hubs tting there-about to which the said members are brazed, the brackets being provided with flanges by which they i member 6b are riveted together. These brackets are provided with hubs to accommodate a second pair of girders or pipes l3.wh1ch extend straight across the foil 'and through the .members 6a at some-distance from the hub. -It will also be noted that the g1rders` 6d 1mmediately adjacent the hub are of' short length and secured tothe hub by angle brackets 6. The h ub member 11 comprises a cylindricalshell to which are bolted top and bottom plates 11"L and 11- by bolts extending through the radial shell and hav` ing the heads and nutsthereonat the outside .of said end plates. The plates 11 and 11b are provided with extending-hub portions adapted to receive a sleevevwhich will be rigidly secured thereto and supported in suitable antifriction bearings in la hub 11 mounted in the wing structure. The said sleeve projects below said hub 14 and carries one member 15 of a universal joint which is connected to another member of the universal joint which is ,rigidly connected to a transmissionl shaft 16. The shafts 16, of Which there is one for each foil, extend downwardly, to the sides ofthe fuselage andare connected by universal joints at their lower ends to the ends of the driving shaft lof the motor 5. The foils are thus rotated by thev motor through the shafts 16. The foils are covered by a thin layer of suitable metal, the cover being preferably corrugated. From the structure described, it will be seen' that the unde-rsurfaee ofthe foil is concave in transverse section or in a section taken parallel to'theribs 6a and that this curvature is greater toward the front o-r ^advancing edge of the foil than at the rear portion. vIt will also be noted that the curvature is greater near the hub portion of the foil than at-the extreme ends thereof.`

bers 6b and 6 are tapered and welded or otherwise secured together andralsosecured 1n the surrounding frame member 8.' It will also be noted that While the members 6b and 6 stop at the hub portion 11, that the curvature of the same adjacent the hub is such that if continued through the hub, the top of the pair on-one side of the .foil

would become the bottom member fon the other side, the same being true ofthe mem- .bers 6.

The machine is provided in 'combination with the foils, with a wingmember or plane, which wing member forming-the plane is composed of a plurality of series 20 of pivot-l ed swingable sections 21. ,Thewing comprises outside framemembers 22 and cross beams 23. The ends :of the frame members and the cross beams being provided with nals 25 secured tothe wing sections 21. The wing sections comprise spacedrib or girder members 26, as shownA in Figs. 13 and 14,

brackets 24 in which are received the jour-y Y I tween the channel members,

meente which are surrounded by a frame member 27 and covered with a thin covering 28 light metal or other suitable material. The journals 25 are secured in the two outermost rib members 26 by brackets 29 having hub portions brazed to said journal members which will preferably be in the form of pipes, andl flanges which are riveted to the sides of the rib member 26. The rib member 26, as shown in Fig. 13, comprises two channel members, the wings of which are placed adjacent gether in slightly spaced relation. The covering 28 is placed across the flanges of the said channel members and held thereon by boltsl extending between the channels having integral heads at one end and their other ends threaded and providedwith nuts having flat heads and sleeves projecting bethis bolt being similar to the well known bicycle spoke. The journals 25 have adjacent theirends collars 30 secured thereto and the rib members 23 shown in section in Fig. 13 have bearing brackets 31 brazed or riveted thereto forming the bearings in theends of the members 25. The sections 21 have likewise fastened thereto adjacent their ends, crank arms 32 having anges riveted to the ianges of the members 26. -These crank arms project upwardly and downwardly at an angle to the general plane of the sections 21, as shown iny Fig. 1 and are provided with clevis arms 33 pivoted thereto, which are in turn connected by turn buckles 34. To the upper crank arm 22 on the forward section in each series of wings is connected a flexible cable 35 which runs over pulleys 36 and continues downwardly into the fuselage where it is connected to one end nected to a lever 37 provided-with the usual locking quadrant and pawl. The forward lower crank arms 22 are likewise connected to a flexible member 38 which passes over pulleys at the front of the wing and vpasses down into the fuselage where it is connected with the opposite end of the double crank arm. 39. It will thus be seen that when the lever 39 is swung the sections 21 will be oscillated on their pivots, said sections moving in unison, owing to the connection between the crank arms 22 thereof. As the cables 35 lead to all of the series of sections, all of said sections of the wing will be simultaneously moved. It will be noted that the undersurface of each section 21 is concave so that said sections are cambered. lt. will also be noted that the pivoted centers of the various sections in each series are arranged in a curve so that the sections co-operate to form a wing having a cambered undersurface. When the sections are disposed in normal position they co-operate to form a substantially Continuous wing.v

Viewed from the front of the machine, the

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each other and riveted to# of a double crank arm 39 con-v sections 21 near the center of the wing are. substantially straight but the outer two series of sections are, as clearly shown in Fig. 12, bent downwardly and at the eXtreme edge have a slight upward bend. rlihe longi tudinal curvature of the wing, as formed by the combined surfaces ofthe sections, has its undersurface cambered with a greater curvature toward the front or advancing end of the wing than toward :the rear portion thereof.

rlhe machine is provided with a horizonta] elevator 40 comprising two series of pivoted sections. These sections are similar in construction to the sections 21 of the wings and the -rudder is provided with a frame member 41 and a central beam member 42, which mem-bers carry the bearings for the journals of the sections. rThe structure of the journals being substantially like that already described for the wing sections. rll`he sections of the elevator are also provided with crank arms 43 projecting from their top and bottom surfaces adjacent their ends, which crank arms are connectedby the clevis and turn buckles, as already described for the` wing sections. The forward crank arms 43 are connected by flexible cable members 44 and 45 to pointson a lever 46 pivoted in the fuselage adjacent the rear seat, the said cables being secured, one above and one below the pivot. rlFhis lever is provided with the usual quadrant and locking pawl and when swung, will simultaneously swing the sections of the elevator in unison. The lever 46 is connected by a vrigid member to the lever 47 so that when one of the levers 39 or 46 is moved the other will, likewise, be moved and when the wing sections .are turned, the sections ofthe tail rudder will sections of the tail rudder are also provided with cambered lower surface which co-operate when in normal position to form a general cambered rudder surface, the pivoted sections being arranged on a curve. The movements of the wing section and horizontal tail rudder sections are controlled, as

st-ated, by the levers-39 and 46, the levers 1C "also be turned. It will be notedthat the p also on account of the downward curvature at the oute-rends, the air moved by the foils is crowded inwardly and rearwardly and compressed forming an intensified air shaft giving a much greater lifting effect than 1f the-surface of the foils were not so curved. This lifting effect is substantially thirty per cent more per square foot than can be obtained by a plane surface. The sections of the wing being turned vertically, offer very little resistance to the downward current of air caused by the foils.

When the desired height is obtained and it is desired to progress the machine for-l wardly, the sections of the wing are swung at an actute angle to the horizontal, the forward portions of the sections Ipointing upwardly. v The downward current o-f air from the foils is thus directed against an inclined surface and the vforward component of this pressure causes the machine to move y forwardly. As the machine moves forwardly the pressure of air .against the undersurface of the sections also gives a lifting effect, the air being intensified about the plane of the wing, thus increasingthe lifting or v-wardly so that the axes of the foils is at an an le to the vertical. The weight of the bo y which tends to descend by gravityis due to this tipping effect used to increase the sustaining power of the wings and the rotation of the foils contribute a forward component of force to the machine.

If the motor be stopped, and it may be here stated that the driving means for the foils is provided with a brake so that the foils may be held against rotation, the foils will always stop. with their long dimensions lengthwise of the machine so that if the machine is flying with the foils stationary the same will oer very little resistance to the forward flight. These foils, in an ordinary machine will be twenty-two feet in diameter and have such a large surface that when held stationary will act as parachutes to prevent the machine from rapid descent, the curved surfaces of the foils adding greatly to this edect. The foils being driven in opposite directions, the side thrust of air is balanced and the foils always tend to produce a balanced non-tipable machine.

It will also be noted that the body of the machine is well below the line of Hight, thus giving proper stabilization and insuring that the air foils will not allow the machine to fall, but, as stated, will act as parachutes.

. to insure that the same will float in a level maarre Such vanes, however, were flat and a dat.

surface is impractical for a correct flying surface. lt is thought the combination of an air foil together with'a wing composed entirely of pivoted sections is novel and this combination is entirely different from that above mentioned.

From the described controller lever it is seen that the machine can be controlled from .either seat in the fuselage and the wing sections and horizontal elevator sections can be, likewise, controlled.

While one embodiment of the invention has been illustrated, it will, of course, be understood that various changes may be made in the form, details and arrangement of the parts without departing from the scope of f applicants invention, which, Jgenerally stated, consists in the matter shown and described and set forth in the appended claims.

It may be stated that this machine has been actually demonstrated by the construction of a large model. This model has been operated with entire success and has been shown to have a great lifting power per unit of weight.

' What isclaimed is:

1. A flying machine having in combination, a wing portion composed of a series of pivoted cambered sections arranged in a curve co-operating to form a curved wing andan air foil mounted to rotate about a fixed axis above said wing at wapproximately the center of said portion.

2. A flying' machine having in combination a wing composed o-f a series of pivoted cambered sections arranged in a curve cooperating to form a curved wing and an air foil mounted to rotate about a fixed axis above each half portion of said wing substantiallyat the center of said half portion, said air foil extending substantially over the entire length and the greater portion of the width of said half portion.

3. The structure set forth in claim l, and an elevator formed of a series of oscillatable cambered sectionsarranged to form a cambered surface.

4. The structure set forth in claim 3, and means for operating said tail rudder sections in unison with the sections of said wing.

51A flying machine having a win oomposed of a plurality of series of oscil atable cambered sections, each ofl said series comprising a row of sections having their longitudinal edges adjacent each other, said sections co-operating to form a cambered surface, said series being arranged sideby side to form a continuous Wing, anda pair of oppositely rotated air foils each extending over substantially the entire length of the half portion of the Wing at one side of the longitudinal axis of the machine.

6. A rotating air foil for an air craft having in combination Vanes having a rigid outer frame extending therearound, spaced 'transverse ribs extending between said frames', intermediate longitudinally extend- 10 ing ribs secured to said frame and extending through and secured to said ribs and a central hub secured to said longitudinally extending ribs.

lin testimony whereof 1 afiix my signature. 15

FALENTINE NEW/BAUER.

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