US1481794A - Blood-transfusion apparatus - Google Patents

Description

jan.. 29 1924, 1,481,794

l E. A. DUPIN BLOOD TRANSFUSION APPARATUS Filed May 22 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 QW INVENTORl jan.. Z9 1924.

E. A. DUFIN BLOOD TRANSFUSION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1922 3 sheets-sheet' i! discloses a Patented dan, 29, w24.,

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EUGENE A. DUPIN, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-THIRD T0 HARRY d'. DUPIN, ONE-THIRD TO OSCAR HAUSER, AND ONE-THRD T0 LEONTJINE F. DUPIN,

.ALL OF' NEW YORK, N. Y.

nnoon'rnnnsrusron .arrnna'rns Application lel may 22, 1922. Serial No. 562,535.

To all 'whom it may Gomery/t.'

Be it known that l, EUGENE A, DUNN, a citizen of the United States, a resident o the city of New York, in the county of New `York and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful improved Blood- 'lransfusion Apparatus, oit' which the following is a speciiication.

This invention relates to an apparatus adapted to be used in transferring fluids to or :from the human body,for example, in the transfusion of blood or the removal oit septic fluids therefrom.

@ne object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus which will eliminate as tar as possible the human element or elements of special skill in periormin operations ofl the above character, enab ing the' desired uids to be injected into or with.

drawn from the body by a single operative and relieving him from the necessity oli shifting valves, tubes, etc., or making other adjustments to the apparatus while in operation.v

rlhe invention also aims to secure the proper flow of an auxiliary fluid through the apparatus,-for example, the saline solution used in connection with blood transfusion,-without requiring manual operations in connection therewith.

Another object is to so construct thea paratus that it may serve to transfer dui s, such as blood, which tend to clot or coagulate, and keep the Huid in substantially constant motion to avoid the danger oi clotting, and also without requiring manual operations' Y j Furtherobjects and advantages of the invention will be in part obvious and in part specifically pointed out in the description hereinafter contained, which, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,

such embod1ment, however, is to be considered merely as illustrative of its principle.

Figure 1 is a side view of an apparatus made in accordance with the invention;

Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional views taken,

respectively, on lines 2-2 and 3-3 of Fig.

1, looking 1n thedirection or the arrows;

, Fig. d is a side view, partly in section,

referred embodiment thereof;

illustrating a valve mechanism adapted to be used in connection with the invention;

Fi 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4c but showlng the valve in a dierent position;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section taken on line 6 6 of F ig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 7 is a `fragmentary end elevation,

will be understood as connected to a vein or artery of the donor in the usual manner when the a paratus is in use, and a further tube or discliarge conduit 2 is similari connected to the recipient. lhe saline so ution, or other auxiliary fluid, is supplied through a tube 3 leading to any suitable source adapted to supply the desired solution under a proper pressure or head.

ln accordance with the present invention, the steps of withdrawing or injecting the blood, saline solution, or the like, are carried out mechanically in such manner that the attention of the operative need not be given to the matter of changing the connections between tubes, such the uids are being transferred as desired.

The blood to be withdrawn from the donor and injected into the recipient, is

as the tubes 1 2, and 3 previously mentioned, to insure that transferred by means of a pump or syringe v having a cylinder e suitably supportedand enclosing a pump chamber 5 in lwhich a piston 6 is reciprocated by proper driving .con-

nections.

l prefer to drive the pum in such a way that its speed, and there y t e rate of trans- -er of theuidpassing through the apparatus, ma be rea ily controlled by the operative. n the present embodiment, the piston 6 of the pump is reciprocated by means of an eccentric 7 carried by shaft 8, the eccentric carrying a strap 9 which moves a crank 10 pivoted to the piston. The shaft 8 r in suitable bearings 11 and 12 supported by standards 13 and 14, respectively, and, asv

shown, such shaft is driven by means of a belt 15 cooperating with sheave 16. As illustrated, a motor 17 furnishes power for driving the apparatus, and the speed of the motor is under the control of the operative, as by means of a treadle 18 controlling a contact 19 co-operating with a resistance element 2O in the motor circuit. Preferably, a counting mechanism, as indicated conventionally by numeral 21, is also employed `to enable the operator to know readily the quantity of iiuid which has passed through the apparatus.

The apparatus is so constructed that the connections between the intake and discharge conduits 1 and 2, the pump chamber, and the auxiliary Fluid-supplying means are shifted mechanically in timed relation to the stroke of the piston 6. ln the present embodiment, a single valve mechanism is employed for this purpose, which is illustrated more in detail in Figs. 4 to 7. .els lshown in Fig. 4, a valve casing 22 is mounted on one end of the pump cylinder 4, the casing having a port 23 affording communication between its interior and pump chamber 5. The intake conduit ordonors tube 1 is connected to a port 24 on one side of valve casing 22, and the discharge conduit or recipients tube 2 is connected to a similar port 25 on the opposite side of such valve casin 'llhe auxiliary :fluid-supply tube 3 also eads to a port 26 in the valve casing.

lln the present embodiment of the invettion, a single valve mechanism is employed to shift the connections between the aforesaid tubes and both the pump chamber and the auxiliary fluid supply. Such mechanism is of the rotary type and embodying a cylindrical valve member 27, which, as will be later described in greater detail, is turned one-half a revolution each time the piston 6 is at an extremity of its stroke. When the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 4, a passageway 28 connects the intake port 24 with the pump chamber port 23, and thus enables the suction stroke of the piston to draw vin blood :trom the donor, and at the same time a further passageway 29 connects the auxiliary port 26 with discharge port 25 in such manner that the saline solution or the lilremay flow to the recipient. When the piston is at the other extremity oits stroke,-that is to say, when the delivery stroke is beginning,-the valve member 27 is rotated one-half a -revolution to bring a further passageway 30 into registry with the intake port 24 and auxiliary Huid-supply port 26, and also brings a passageway 31 into registry between the pump chamber port 23 and discharge port 25. rlhus, during the delivery stroke of the pump, saline aesinet.

solution or the like may flow through conduit 1 to the donor while the pump is delivering blood to the recipient. The above speciic form of valve mechanism is to be understood as merely typical.

In the present form of the invention, valve member 27 is rotated in a step-by-step fashion to shift connections at the proper times by means of a cam member 32 and associated parts. The valve member has thereon la flange 33 provided with notches 34 adapted to co-operate with a dog 35 pivoted adjacent the valve and carrying teeth 36 adapted to engage the above notches. rlhe parts above described insure that the valve will be properly held in position during the strokes of the piston. A winding drum 37 is mounted loosely o-ver the valve member 27 and carries a spring-pressed latch 38 adapted to cooperate with a portion 39 of the valve member 27 having ratchet teeth thereon, the

member 38 serving to cause the valve n1em ber 27 to rotate with it when the winding drum 37 is moved in the direction in which dog 35 will permit valve member 27 to move, but when the winding drum 37 is moved in the opposite direction, the member 38 slides over the ratchet teeth and the valve member 27 is held stationary by dog 35. A. iexible strip 4() is secured at one end to the winding drum 37 and after passing around the same for several convolutions, extends to a follower 41 moving in head 42 and carrying roller 43 bearing against cam 32 previously described. A spring 44 also acts between the winding drum 37 and a bearing 45 for lthe adjacent end of the valve member 27, so that as the winding drum 37 is turned by motion of the follower 41, the spring 44 is put under torque, which serves to return the Winding drum 37 to its original position when the pressure on roller 43 from cam 32 is released.

'llhe valve member 27 is journalled at one end in the bearing 45 previously mentioned and at its opposite end in a similar bearing 46 (Figs. 1 and 2) in such manner that as cam 32 is rotated, the angular position of the valve member depends on the action of cam 32 on follower 41. ln the position shown in Fig. 1, the piston 6 is just beginning its suction stroke and cam 32 retains the follower 41 in the position shown in such figure until the suctionstroke has been completed, at which time a depression 47 in cam 32 comes into engagement with Jfollower 41 and permits spring 44 to draw the follower toward spindle 48 on which cam 32 revolves. The consequent rotation of drum 37 causes the latch 38 to Iturn the valve member 27 through one-half a revolution, thus shifting the connections of tubes 1, 2, and 3 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to that shown in Fig. 5. During the delivery stroke of the pump, the blood drawn from the donor during the Meien y suction stroke is therefore pumped through passageway 31 into tube 2, while auxiliary fluid may llow from tube 3 through passageteeth 39 during this period. About the time when piston 6 completes its delivery stroke, a further depressed portion t9 on cam 32 comes into engagement with follower lll, and spring lili: then draws the follower toward spindle d8, causing the latch 38 to turn valve member 27 through a further one-halt revolution to the position shown in Fig. t.

ln the illustrated embodiment of the invention, cam 32 is driven by means of an intermediate shaft 50 carried by a bracket 5l supported from a cross-piece 52, the shalt 5d having at its upper end a bevel gear 53 engaging with a similar gear 5d on shaft 8, and carrying at its lower end a further bevel gear 55 meshed with a similar gear 56 carried by spindle t8. The spindle i8 runs in bearings 57 and 58 (Fig. 3). The cross-piece 52 entends between standards i3 and ld and encloses cylinder 4l to hold the latter in proper position.

ln the operation oi the invention, as soon as the tubes 1 and 2 are properly connected to the donor and recipient, motor 17 may be started, and the transfer oit blood from the donor to the recipient will take place without the necessity oil any manual operations whatsoever, unlem the operative should desire to vary the rate of transiter, which he may easily do through manipulation of the' treadle 18. rllhus the operative need not pay any attention to the shitting of valves between the tubes 1 and 2 or to the co-ordination of the diderent parte of the apratus in order to insure that the apparatus as a Whole will function properly.

Furthermora when the apparatus is in operation, the action ot the ump or syringe in combination with the justment of the valves, makes itl possible to maintain a substantially continuous low of blood through the apparatus, rlhis is particularly important in blood transfusion operations, during which manual adjustments of valves' or tube connections may often consume a sutlicient amount of time to allow the blood to coa-gulate or clot, which it does veryreadily if per-x mitted to remain stationary; but, with an apparatus made in accordance with the present invention, there is no difficulty. in maintaining the continuous ilow or both blood and the auxiliary duid through the apparatus and tubes connectedtherewith, and thus the danger of clotting is minimized.

l prefer to supply the auxiliary fluid through'tube 3 under a static head, as b means of a reservoir 59 (Fig. 1) thus avoi ing the necessity of complicating lthe pump 1 or syrin e with arrangements for furnishing the auxiliary fluid under pressure, while, nevertheless, insuring that the auxiliary fluid will be at all times available under a proper pressure to be connected to the donor or recipient, as the case may be.

While a specic embodiment of the invention has been described, it Will be obvious that many changes may be made therein without departing from its principle as dened in the appended claims.

What l claim and desire tov secure by f Letters Patentis l.. A blood transfusion apparatus comprising a pump, means for supplying auxiliary duid under pressure, intake and discharge conduits, mechanism for connecting the chamber of said pump and said auxiliary duid-supplying means selectively to said intake and discharge conduits, and mechanical means timed in accordance with the stroke ot the pump for connecting said `lluid-supplying means to said discharge conduit and the pump chamber to said intake conduit durin the suction stroke of the pump and tor shitting said mechanisms to connect the pump ziamber to the discharge conduit and f the auxiliary duid-supplying means to the intake conduit during the delivery stroke et the pump.. x

2. The combination set forth in claim l, wherein said auxiliary Huid-supplying means is constituted by a duid reservoir independent of the pump and supplying auxiliary lluid yunder a static head.

3. A. blood transfusion apparatus com rising a pump, means for supplying ausi iary duid under pressure, Ia valve casing adja cent said pump having a port leading to the pump chamber, a second port in communication with said auxiliary duid-supplying means, intake and discharge conduits also connected to ports in said valve casing, a valve member in said msing having passages adapted to connect said first and second mentioned ports selectively to the ports leading to said intake and discharge conduits, and means timed in accordance with the stroke oi the'pump for positioning said valve member to connect the first-mentioned port to the intake conduit and the second-mentioned port to the discharge conduit during the suction stroke of the pump and for reversing said connections to connect the first-mentioned port to the dimhar e conduit and the second-mentioned on to t e auxiliary duidsuplying 'i ,at `iuring the delivery stroke of it. pump.

d. A blood transfusion apparatus com rising a pump, means for supplying anni 'ary Huid under pressure, intake and discharge conduits7 a driving device for continuously operating said pump, and means actuated from said driving device and acting in timed relation to the motion of the pump, for conmeeting the chamber of said pump and said auxiliary fluid supply respectively to the infie-i ,me

take and discharge conduitsI and reversing said connections, to keep the iuids in continuous motion through both of said conduits. 10 in testimony that claim the foregoing, have` hereunto set my hand this 4th day of May, 1922.

EUGENE Ae DUPIN.

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