US20030204268A1 - Binary attachment mechanism and method for a modular prosthesis - Google Patents
Binary attachment mechanism and method for a modular prosthesis Download PDFInfo
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- US20030204268A1 US20030204268A1 US10/132,668 US13266802A US2003204268A1 US 20030204268 A1 US20030204268 A1 US 20030204268A1 US 13266802 A US13266802 A US 13266802A US 2003204268 A1 US2003204268 A1 US 2003204268A1
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- attachment mechanism
- protrusion
- socket wall
- bore
- stem
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4637—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for connecting or disconnecting two parts of a prosthesis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/389—Tibial components
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30108—Shapes
- A61F2002/3011—Cross-sections or two-dimensional shapes
- A61F2002/30112—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2002/30133—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners kidney-shaped or bean-shaped
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30433—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels, rivets or washers e.g. connecting screws
-
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/30492—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a locking pin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30604—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for modular
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
- A61F2002/30785—Plurality of holes parallel
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30795—Blind bores, e.g. of circular cross-section
- A61F2002/30797—Blind bores, e.g. of circular cross-section internally-threaded
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30878—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with non-sharp protrusions, for instance contacting the bone for anchoring, e.g. keels, pegs, pins, posts, shanks, stems, struts
- A61F2002/30884—Fins or wings, e.g. longitudinal wings for preventing rotation within the bone cavity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30878—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with non-sharp protrusions, for instance contacting the bone for anchoring, e.g. keels, pegs, pins, posts, shanks, stems, struts
- A61F2002/30891—Plurality of protrusions
- A61F2002/30894—Plurality of protrusions inclined obliquely with respect to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2220/0041—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using additional screws, bolts, dowels or rivets, e.g. connecting screws
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0004—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2230/0015—Kidney-shaped, e.g. bean-shaped
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to modular orthopedic prostheses and, more specifically, to attachment mechanisms for securing components of a modular orthopedic prosthesis.
- Modular orthopedic prostheses offer many advantages to the user. By selecting independent modular components to construct a complete prosthesis, custom fitting of a patient's specific anatomy or specific bony condition can be accomplished.
- orthopedic prostheses are subject to high bending, shear, and torsional loads. Where a single contiguous connection is used to connect components of a modular prosthesis, the applied loads can be localized, thereby increasing the failure at that point. It would therefore be an improvement in the art to provide modular orthopedic prostheses that can better withstand the mechanical service loads by better distributing the loads acting upon the prosthesis.
- modular orthopedic prostheses are the capacity to select, at the time of surgery, a desired orientation between modular components.
- Many modular connections known in the art do not facilitate a state of partial assembly that closely replicates the final longitudinal configuration of the prosthesis, where, in the state of partial assembly, the modular components can be freely rotated with respect to each other. It would therefore be another improvement in the art to provide modular prostheses that would accommodate a state of partial assembly that closely replicates the longitudinal configuration of the prosthesis while permitting free relative rotation between the modular components.
- FIG. 1A is a cross sectional view of a binary attachment mechanism in a disassembled state.
- FIG. 1B is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 1A in a partially assembled state.
- FIG. 1C is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 1A in a fully assembled state.
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism in a disassembled state.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of yet another alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 5A is a cross sectional view of still another alternate embodiment of a binary attachment mechanism in a partially assembled state.
- FIG. 5B is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 5A in a fully assembled state.
- FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a modular hip implant having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a modular tibial knee implant having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a modular intramedullary rod having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- Body 3 and stem 4 may be made from any suitable biocompatible material that can withstand the physiological loads during the lifetime of the implant.
- body 3 and stem 4 would be made from biocompatible metals, such as titanium alloys, zirconium alloys, cobalt chromium alloys, and stainless steels.
- Body 3 has a bore 2 bounded by an internal surface extending between a top end 24 and a bottom end 28 .
- the internal surface of bore 2 has an upper socket wall 21 extending from top end 24 to a transition surface 23 .
- the internal surface of bore 2 further has a lower socket wall 20 extending from transition surface 23 to bottom end 28 .
- lower socket wall 20 may extend from upper transition surface 23 to a lower transition surface 22 as shown in FIGS. 2 - 5 .
- socket wall 21 defines a diameter that is smaller than a diameter defined by socket wall 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 - 4 .
- the diameter of socket wall 21 is the same as the diameter of socket wall 20 as depicted in FIG. 5.
- bore 2 may include an access hole 26 extending from top end 24 to a shoulder 27 and, correspondingly, upper socket 21 may extend from the shoulder 27 to the upper transition surface 23 as depicted in FIGS. 2 and 7.
- Transition surfaces 23 and 22 help guide protrusion 1 into bore 2 .
- Transition surfaces 23 and 22 can be in the form of an internal chamfer as depicted in FIGS. 2 and 4, or in the form of a shoulder as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 5.
- Stem 4 has a protrusion 1 which is the upper end of stem 4 , and protrusion 1 is adapted to slide into the bore 2 .
- Protrusion 1 has a free end 14 and an external surface 19 descending longitudinally downward from free end 14 .
- the external surface 19 is comprised of upper surface 11 and lower surface 10 .
- the external surface 19 of protrusion 1 may include upper transition surface 13 and lower transition surface 12 as depicted in FIG. 1.
- protrusion 1 includes a female thread 15 extending down from free end 14 to facilitate assembly of body 3 to stem 4 .
- Transition surfaces 13 and 12 help guide protrusion 1 into bore 2 .
- Transition surfaces 13 and 12 can be in the form of an internal chamfer as depicted in FIG. 1, or in the form of a shoulder as depicted in FIG. 3.
- protrusion 1 is slid partially into the bore 2 as depicted in FIG. 1B.
- upper surface 11 is sized to slide freely past lower socket wall 20 .
- upper surface 11 acts like a trunnion constrained by lower socket wall 20 to define an axis of rotation, permitting the body 3 and the stem 4 to be placed into a desired rotational orientation with respect to each other before final assembly.
- a threaded fastener 16 is provided as a tool to draw the stem 4 towards the body 3 , thereby drawing the protrusion 1 into the bore 2 to cause the upper surface 11 and lower surface 10 to form simultaneous, discrete, and releasable connections with the upper socket wall 21 and lower socket wall 20 , respectively.
- the upper surface 11 and upper socket wall 21 define a first connection length 31
- the lower surface 10 and the lower socket wall 20 define a second connection length 33 .
- Connection length 31 and connection length 33 are spaced apart by distance 32 .
- the releasable connections may be in the form of a press fit or a self-locking taper. Both the press fit and the self-locking taper provide for frictional biasing between the external surface 19 of the stem and the internal surface of the body. The frictional biasing provides a releasable connection that relies on a recoverable elastic deformation of the mating internal and external surfaces.
- the distance 32 between the releasable connections is generally greater than sum of the connection lengths 31 and 33 , and preferably the distance between the releasable connections is at least greater than the shortest of the connection lengths 31 and 33 .
- Other distances can also be used.
- the distance 32 between the connections can be in a range between about 5 mm to about 50 mm or can simply be larger than 5 mm, 10 mm, or 15 mm.
- the amount of interference between the surfaces 10 and 11 and the socket walls 20 and 21 , respectively is less than the radial yield strain of the chosen material, and preferably less than 75% of the radial yield strain.
- the interference between the surfaces 10 and 11 and the socket walls 20 and 21 , respectively is typically at least 10% of the radial yield strain and preferably greater than 25% of the radial yield strain.
- the yield strain would be approximately 0.0035 inch. Therefore, the preferred interference would be greater than 0.0009 inch and less than 0.0027 inch.
- connection lengths 31 and 32 should be of sufficient length to produce a connection strength that can withstand physiological loads, yet the connection lengths 31 and 32 must remain short enough to that assembly loads are not excessive.
- connection length is in a range between about 0.020 inch and 0.500 inch, and preferably between about 0.040 inch and about 0.100 inch, although other ranges can also be used.
- a self-locking taper may be used in combination with a press fit to form the releasable connections.
- the self-locking taper may be present at the upper surface 11 B and upper socket 21 B as depicted in FIG. 3A, or the self-locking taper may be present at the lower surface 10 B and lower socket 20 B as depicted in FIG. 4A.
- the self-locking taper would have an included angle between 2° and 8°, and preferably the self-locking taper would have an included angle between 3° and 6°. Other angles can also be used.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B An alternate embodiment of the present invention is depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- the protrusion includes an undercut 17 positioned between the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 10 .
- upper surface 11 and lower surface 10 are nominally the same size, and, correspondingly, upper socket wall 21 and lower socket wall 22 are nominally the same size.
- both connections are in the form of a press fit, and where the interference associated with the press fit is nominally the same for both connections, then a certain force would be required to move upper surface 11 to a position above lower socket wall 22 .
- undercut 17 is adapted to provide clearance around lower socket wall 20 .
- stem 4 is prevented from inadvertently moving out of body 3 , yet stem 4 is free to rotate with respect to body 3 , thereby allowing the user to create a desired rotation between body 3 and stem 4 .
- body 3 can be assembled to stem 4 in the manner previously described.
- FIG. 6 Depicted in FIG. 6 is a modular femoral hip implant, wherein a neck 41 is analogous to the body 3 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5 , and a stem 42 is analogous to the stem 4 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5 .
- the neck 41 is designed to fit into a proximal femur that has a resected femoral head.
- the stem 42 is designed to fit into the intramedullary canal of the femur.
- the neck 41 has bore 2 and the stem 42 has protrusion 1 .
- Frustoconical surface 43 is adapted to carry a spherical ball (not shown) adapted to articulate with a prosthetic or natural acetabulum (not shown). It is appreciated that any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1 - 5 can be substituted to permit secure attachment between neck 41 and stem 42 .
- FIG. 7 Depicted in FIG. 7 is a modular tibial knee implant, wherein a plate 51 is analogous to the body 3 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5 , and a stem 52 is analogous to the stem 4 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5 .
- the plate 51 is designed to fit onto a proximal tibia that has its upper most surface resected.
- the stem 52 is designed to fit into the intramedullary canal of the tibia.
- the plate 51 has bore 2 and the stem 52 has protrusion 1 . It is appreciated that any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1 - 5 can be substituted to permit secure attachment between plate 51 and stem 52 .
- FIG. 8 Depicted in FIG. 8 is a modular intramedullary rod for stabilizing fractures of long bones.
- the proximal module 61 is analogous to the body 3 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5
- a distal module 62 is analogous to the stem 4 shown in FIGS. 1 - 5 .
- the proximal module 61 and distal module 62 are designed to fit within the intramedullary canal of a long bone, such as a femur, tibia, or humerus. Both the proximal module 61 and the distal module 62 have holes to accommodate interlocking bone screws.
- the relative rotational position between the holes 63 in the proximal and distal modules 61 and 62 can be selected at the time of surgery to better align with bone fragments. It is appreciated that any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1 - 5 can be substituted to permit secure attachment between proximal module 61 and distal module 62 .
Abstract
Description
- Not applicable.
- 1. The Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to modular orthopedic prostheses and, more specifically, to attachment mechanisms for securing components of a modular orthopedic prosthesis.
- 2. The Relevant Technology
- Modular orthopedic prostheses offer many advantages to the user. By selecting independent modular components to construct a complete prosthesis, custom fitting of a patient's specific anatomy or specific bony condition can be accomplished.
- Several attachment mechanisms are known in the art for connecting the components of a modular prosthesis. Generally, any two modular components are connected by one contiguous interface. Even three-piece modular connections typically rely on only one contiguous connection interface between any two modular components.
- Because of the high physiological loads borne by the skeletal structure, orthopedic prostheses are subject to high bending, shear, and torsional loads. Where a single contiguous connection is used to connect components of a modular prosthesis, the applied loads can be localized, thereby increasing the failure at that point. It would therefore be an improvement in the art to provide modular orthopedic prostheses that can better withstand the mechanical service loads by better distributing the loads acting upon the prosthesis.
- Furthermore, one of the advantages of modular orthopedic prostheses is the capacity to select, at the time of surgery, a desired orientation between modular components. Many modular connections known in the art do not facilitate a state of partial assembly that closely replicates the final longitudinal configuration of the prosthesis, where, in the state of partial assembly, the modular components can be freely rotated with respect to each other. It would therefore be another improvement in the art to provide modular prostheses that would accommodate a state of partial assembly that closely replicates the longitudinal configuration of the prosthesis while permitting free relative rotation between the modular components.
- Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
- FIG. 1A is a cross sectional view of a binary attachment mechanism in a disassembled state.
- FIG. 1B is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 1A in a partially assembled state.
- FIG. 1C is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 1A in a fully assembled state.
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism in a disassembled state.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of yet another alternate embodiment of an assembled binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 5A is a cross sectional view of still another alternate embodiment of a binary attachment mechanism in a partially assembled state.
- FIG. 5B is the binary attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 5A in a fully assembled state.
- FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a modular hip implant having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a modular tibial knee implant having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a modular intramedullary rod having components connected together by a binary attachment mechanism.
- Referring to one or more of the preferred embodiments of the present invention as depicted in FIGS.1-8, there are two components, a
body 3 and astem 4, adapted to connect to each other to form a binary, or two-piece, modular prosthesis assembly.Body 3 andstem 4 may be made from any suitable biocompatible material that can withstand the physiological loads during the lifetime of the implant. Preferentially,body 3 andstem 4 would be made from biocompatible metals, such as titanium alloys, zirconium alloys, cobalt chromium alloys, and stainless steels. -
Body 3 has abore 2 bounded by an internal surface extending between atop end 24 and abottom end 28. The internal surface ofbore 2 has anupper socket wall 21 extending fromtop end 24 to atransition surface 23. The internal surface ofbore 2 further has alower socket wall 20 extending fromtransition surface 23 tobottom end 28. Alternatively,lower socket wall 20 may extend fromupper transition surface 23 to alower transition surface 22 as shown in FIGS. 2-5. In the preferred embodiment,socket wall 21 defines a diameter that is smaller than a diameter defined bysocket wall 20 as shown in FIGS. 1-4. Alternatively, the diameter ofsocket wall 21 is the same as the diameter ofsocket wall 20 as depicted in FIG. 5. Additionally,bore 2 may include anaccess hole 26 extending fromtop end 24 to ashoulder 27 and, correspondingly,upper socket 21 may extend from theshoulder 27 to theupper transition surface 23 as depicted in FIGS. 2 and 7. - The upper and lower transition surfaces,23 and 22, help guide
protrusion 1 intobore 2.Transition surfaces -
Stem 4 has aprotrusion 1 which is the upper end ofstem 4, andprotrusion 1 is adapted to slide into thebore 2.Protrusion 1 has afree end 14 and anexternal surface 19 descending longitudinally downward fromfree end 14. Theexternal surface 19 is comprised ofupper surface 11 andlower surface 10. Alternatively, theexternal surface 19 ofprotrusion 1 may includeupper transition surface 13 andlower transition surface 12 as depicted in FIG. 1. Furthermore,protrusion 1 includes afemale thread 15 extending down fromfree end 14 to facilitate assembly ofbody 3 to stem 4. - The upper and lower transition surfaces,13 and 12, help guide
protrusion 1 intobore 2.Transition surfaces - To assemble the
stem 4 to thebody 3,protrusion 1 is slid partially into thebore 2 as depicted in FIG. 1B. As depicted in FIGS. 1-4,upper surface 11 is sized to slide freely pastlower socket wall 20. With thecomponents upper surface 11 acts like a trunnion constrained bylower socket wall 20 to define an axis of rotation, permitting thebody 3 and thestem 4 to be placed into a desired rotational orientation with respect to each other before final assembly. A threadedfastener 16 is provided as a tool to draw thestem 4 towards thebody 3, thereby drawing theprotrusion 1 into thebore 2 to cause theupper surface 11 andlower surface 10 to form simultaneous, discrete, and releasable connections with theupper socket wall 21 andlower socket wall 20, respectively. Theupper surface 11 andupper socket wall 21 define afirst connection length 31, and thelower surface 10 and thelower socket wall 20 define asecond connection length 33.Connection length 31 andconnection length 33 are spaced apart bydistance 32. - The releasable connections may be in the form of a press fit or a self-locking taper. Both the press fit and the self-locking taper provide for frictional biasing between the
external surface 19 of the stem and the internal surface of the body. The frictional biasing provides a releasable connection that relies on a recoverable elastic deformation of the mating internal and external surfaces. - In one embodiment the
distance 32 between the releasable connections is generally greater than sum of theconnection lengths connection lengths distance 32 between the connections can be in a range between about 5 mm to about 50 mm or can simply be larger than 5 mm, 10 mm, or 15 mm. By increasing thedistance 32 between the connections, reaction forces and stresses associated with the connections are decreased when bending loads act upon the assembledbody 3 andstem 4. Decreased reaction forces and stresses provide for higher performance assemblies that can carry higher bending loads and reduce fretting caused by cyclic loads. Furthermore, the higher performance assembly can enable smaller sizes that sufficiently withstand physiological loads. - To enable releasable press fit connections in one embodiment, the amount of interference between the
surfaces socket walls surfaces socket walls upper surface 11 ofstem 4 defines a diameter of 0.500 inch, and provided that thestem 4 andbody 3 are made from titanium alloy with 6% vanadium and 4% aluminum, then the yield strain would be approximately 0.0035 inch. Therefore, the preferred interference would be greater than 0.0009 inch and less than 0.0027 inch. - The
connection lengths connection lengths - A self-locking taper may be used in combination with a press fit to form the releasable connections. The self-locking taper may be present at the
upper surface 11B andupper socket 21B as depicted in FIG. 3A, or the self-locking taper may be present at thelower surface 10B andlower socket 20B as depicted in FIG. 4A. Generally speaking, the self-locking taper would have an included angle between 2° and 8°, and preferably the self-locking taper would have an included angle between 3° and 6°. Other angles can also be used. - An alternate embodiment of the present invention is depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B. The protrusion includes an undercut17 positioned between the
upper surface 11 and thelower surface 10. Furthermore,upper surface 11 andlower surface 10 are nominally the same size, and, correspondingly,upper socket wall 21 andlower socket wall 22 are nominally the same size. Where both connections are in the form of a press fit, and where the interference associated with the press fit is nominally the same for both connections, then a certain force would be required to moveupper surface 11 to a position abovelower socket wall 22. Whenupper surface 11 is located abovelower socket wall 20 and belowupper socket wall 11, undercut 17 is adapted to provide clearance aroundlower socket wall 20. In this arrangement,stem 4 is prevented from inadvertently moving out ofbody 3, yetstem 4 is free to rotate with respect tobody 3, thereby allowing the user to create a desired rotation betweenbody 3 andstem 4. Once the desired rotation is achieved,body 3 can be assembled to stem 4 in the manner previously described. - Depicted in FIG. 6 is a modular femoral hip implant, wherein a
neck 41 is analogous to thebody 3 shown in FIGS. 1-5, and astem 42 is analogous to thestem 4 shown in FIGS. 1-5. Theneck 41 is designed to fit into a proximal femur that has a resected femoral head. Thestem 42 is designed to fit into the intramedullary canal of the femur. Theneck 41 hasbore 2 and thestem 42 hasprotrusion 1.Frustoconical surface 43 is adapted to carry a spherical ball (not shown) adapted to articulate with a prosthetic or natural acetabulum (not shown). It is appreciated that any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1-5 can be substituted to permit secure attachment betweenneck 41 andstem 42. - Depicted in FIG. 7 is a modular tibial knee implant, wherein a
plate 51 is analogous to thebody 3 shown in FIGS. 1-5, and astem 52 is analogous to thestem 4 shown in FIGS. 1-5. Theplate 51 is designed to fit onto a proximal tibia that has its upper most surface resected. Thestem 52 is designed to fit into the intramedullary canal of the tibia. Theplate 51 hasbore 2 and thestem 52 hasprotrusion 1. It is appreciated that any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1-5 can be substituted to permit secure attachment betweenplate 51 andstem 52. - Depicted in FIG. 8 is a modular intramedullary rod for stabilizing fractures of long bones. The
proximal module 61 is analogous to thebody 3 shown in FIGS. 1-5, and adistal module 62 is analogous to thestem 4 shown in FIGS. 1-5. Theproximal module 61 anddistal module 62 are designed to fit within the intramedullary canal of a long bone, such as a femur, tibia, or humerus. Both theproximal module 61 and thedistal module 62 have holes to accommodate interlocking bone screws. If desired, the relative rotational position between theholes 63 in the proximal anddistal modules proximal module 61 anddistal module 62. - The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (29)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/132,668 US20030204268A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-04-25 | Binary attachment mechanism and method for a modular prosthesis |
US10/369,331 US7182786B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-02-18 | Modular bone implant, tool, and method |
US10/682,101 US7799086B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-10-09 | Modular bone implant, tools, and method |
US11/625,053 US7857858B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2007-01-19 | Modular bone implant, tool, and method |
US12/412,129 US8075628B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2009-03-26 | Modular bone implant, tools, and method |
US12/951,864 US8241367B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2010-11-22 | Modular bone implant, tool, and method |
US13/288,630 US20120059484A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2011-11-03 | Modular bone implant, tools, and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/132,668 US20030204268A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-04-25 | Binary attachment mechanism and method for a modular prosthesis |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US10/369,331 Continuation-In-Part US7182786B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2003-02-18 | Modular bone implant, tool, and method |
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US10/132,668 Abandoned US20030204268A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-04-25 | Binary attachment mechanism and method for a modular prosthesis |
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