US20040071138A1 - Cell multiplexing apparatus handling multiple items of information - Google Patents
Cell multiplexing apparatus handling multiple items of information Download PDFInfo
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- US20040071138A1 US20040071138A1 US10/680,178 US68017803A US2004071138A1 US 20040071138 A1 US20040071138 A1 US 20040071138A1 US 68017803 A US68017803 A US 68017803A US 2004071138 A1 US2004071138 A1 US 2004071138A1
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- cell
- information
- payload
- transfer mode
- asynchronous transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
- H04Q11/0478—Provisions for broadband connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/24—Time-division multiplex systems in which the allocation is indicated by an address the different channels being transmitted sequentially
- H04J3/247—ATM or packet multiplexing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5603—Access techniques
- H04L2012/5609—Topology
- H04L2012/561—Star, e.g. cross-connect, concentrator, subscriber group equipment, remote electronics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5629—Admission control
- H04L2012/563—Signalling, e.g. protocols, reference model
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5649—Cell delay or jitter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5638—Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS
- H04L2012/5646—Cell characteristics, e.g. loss, delay, jitter, sequence integrity
- H04L2012/5652—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly
- H04L2012/566—Cell construction, e.g. including header, packetisation, depacketisation, assembly, reassembly using the ATM layer
- H04L2012/5661—Minicells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
- H04L2012/5672—Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
Abstract
A cell multiplexing apparatus comprising call monitors and multiplexers. The call monitors monitor a plurality of channels for their call setting status and select at least two channels for which the same cell may be assembled, i.e., for which the destination of the calls is the same. The multiplexers receive audio information or information already assembled in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cells from the channels selected by the call monitors, and disassemble and multiplex the received information for assembly into the payload of a new ATM cell.
Description
- The present invention relates to an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) transmission apparatus for multiplexing coded audio signals into a cell for transmission over a transmission network in ATM mode.
- Research is progressing on the so-called ISDN (integrated services digital network). This is a branch of technologies for concurrently transmitting over a single network multiple pieces of information that are different in characteristics, such as audio information and dynamic image information. Drawing attention in this area today is asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), a switching technique indispensable for implementing a broadened ISDN (B-ISDN). This technique involves dividing communication information into packets called cells of a fixed length for transmission.
- The most commonly utilized method today for coding telephone voice signals in digital format is pulse code modulation (PCM) at a transmission rate of 64 kilobits per second. Where it is desired to lower the transmission rate (also known as bit rate) without degrading the quality of voice transmitted, one known method employed is ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code modulation) at a transmission rate of 32 kilobits per second.
- About to be put into practice is what is known as low delay code excited linear prediction (LD-CELP:CCITT G728). This is a method for converting every five values sampled at 8 kHz into a predetermined code of 10 bits, whereby a transmission rate of 16 kilobits per second is provided.
- Where voice signals are transmitted as communication information, the quality of voice sound deteriorates if the transmission delay time involved is prolonged. Thus there are strict limits to how long the transmission delay time is allowed to be.
- Described below is a typical setup of the above-mentioned ATM transmission using voice signals. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a typical prior art ATM transmission apparatus, and FIG. 3 is a view showing the constitution of an ATM cell used by the conventional apparatus of FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, an
exchange 1 accommodates subscriber lines from a plurality ofsubscriber terminals 2 and is connected to theATM transmission apparatus 4 via a plurality ofchannels 5. - Suppose that one of the subscriber terminals2 (i.e., calling subscriber) makes a call to communicate with another subscriber terminal (i.e., called subscriber) via an
ATM transmission line 3. In that case, theexchange 1 first connects theterminal 2 of the calling subscriber to theATM transmission apparatus 4 over a givenchannel 5. - In turn, the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 converts into a predetermined digital code (called coded information) the voice signal transmitted from the subscriber terminal 2 (calling subscriber) through theexchange 1 andchannel 5. TheATM transmission apparatus 4 then generates anATM cell 10, multiplexes it with another cell made of the voice signal from thesubscriber terminal 2, and transmits the multiplexed result over theATM transmission line 3. - As depicted in FIG. 3, cells generated by the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 are each composed of 54 octets. The first five octets constitute anATM header 7. TheATM header 7 includes a virtual path identifier (VPI) and a virtual channel identifier (VCI). The remaining 48 octets make up apayload 8 comprising coded information. - Of the 48 octets constituting the payload, the first octet contains a sequence number identifier (SN) and a data type identifier (IT); the last two octets make up an effective data length identifier (LI) and a cyclic redundancy check identifier (CRC). The remaining 45 octets (i.e., 360 bits) constitute a payload
user information part 11 for transmitting the coded information. - The
ATM transmission apparatus 4 of FIG. 2 is equipped for eachchannel 5 with a coder-decoder 41, acode buffer 42, apayload assembler 43 and anATM multiplexer 13. Thechannels 5 are provided commonly with across connection multiplexer 45. These components work as follows: - The coder-
decoder 41 digitizes a voice signal illustratively according to the LD-CELP method. The voice signal has been transmitted from a subscriber terminal 2 (calling subscriber) over achannel 5 and through theexchange 1. The signal in digital format is stored in thecode buffer 42 downstream. - The payload assembler43 monitors the amount of coded information in the
code buffer 42. On detecting an accumulation of 36 items of coded information (i.e., 360 bits, or 45 octets) in thecode buffer 42, thepayload assembler 43 gets the accumulated 36 items of coded information from thecode buffer 42 and assembles them into apayload 8. Thepayload 8 is then transferred to theATM multiplexer 13 downstream. - Upon receipt of the
payload 8 from thepayload assembler 43, theATM multiplexer 13 composes a cell by adding anATM header 7 to the payload coming from thepayload assembler 43. The cell when composed is transferred to thecross connection multiplexer 45. - The cross connection multiplexer45 stores temporarily in a queue (i.e., buffer) the cells transferred from the
ATM multiplexers 13 upstream. The cells are then output onto theATM transmission line 3 in the order In which they were stored into the buffer. - As described, in the prior art
ATM transmission apparatus 4, the coded information made of the voice signals coming fromsubscriber terminals 2 is transmitted over theATM transmission line 3 after 36 items of the coded information are accumulated in thecode buffer 42 and are assembled into a cell for transmission. - It takes 625 microseconds (ms) for the coder-
decoder 41 to generate one item of coded information (i.e., 125 ms×5). That is, a delay time of 22,500 ms occurs by thetime 36 items of coded information are accumulated in the code buffer 42 (i.e., 625 ms×36). This often makes it difficult to comply with the time constraints on transmission delay under the LD-CELP method. As a result, a serious adverse effect on the quality of transmitted voice can occur. - Today, there is a possibility that in-house LAN's (local area networks), based on the DQDB (distributed queue dual bus) system proposed under IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.6, will gain widespread acceptance. If that happens, the congestion of different types of
communication information 6 which will result upon transmission can be a severe disadvantage to the system. - Packet data transmitted over the LAN's have variable lengths while ATM cells1.0 have a fixed length. When communication information is divided, the divided items are multiplexed into an
ATM cell 10. If a fraction of thecell 10 constitutes the information, the remaining vacant parts are filled with dummy patterns so that the finished cell will be a complete cell. The smaller the fraction and the higher the frequency at which a fractionally complete cell occurs, the more dummy patterns are needed to fill the gap. As a result, the transmission efficiency decreases. - More and more terminals connected to in-house LAN's including those in compliance with the DQDB system will likely be multi-media terminals such as TV telephone sets and audio/visual output devices. There is little doubt that the number of available channels will not keep up with the growing number of multi-media terminals. Furthermore, if equipped with a transmitter-receiver for each different medium, the multi-media terminal will bloat in size and cost and will run counter to today's trend toward downsized terminals with compact functions.
- Certain kinds of communication information such as motion pictures require synchronism between dynamic image information and audio information when transmitted. Ensuring synchronism between the different kinds of information is necessary so as to keep the received information meaningful. In may be arranged technically that each cell comprises either audio or image information alone. In that case, a relatively small amount of audio information is in disproportionate contrast with large quantities of dynamic image information. This can result in what is known as image cell drop-out, i.e., the rate at which to transmit dynamic image information failing to keep up with the rate of audio information transmission. The image cell drop-out can be a major cause of deterioration in image quality.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a cell multiplexing apparatus operating in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), the apparatus minimizing the delay time required to transmit communication information of a single or a plurality of kinds over an ATM transmission network while collectively handling communication information of different media with no data drop-out.
- In carrying out the invention and according to one aspect thereof, there is provided a cell multiplexing apparatus which receives communication information over at least two channels of any one of the same and different kinds, which assembles the received information into an asynchronous transfer mode cell made of a fixed-length header and a payload, and which transmits the assembled cell. The apparatus comprises: call monitoring means for obtaining call setting information from individual items of the communication information; and multiplexing means for multiplexing the communication information received over the minimum of two channels into a single asynchronous transfer mode cell of a fixed length in accordance with the call setting information obtained by the call monitoring means.
- In FIG. 1, call monitoring means100 monitors each of the
multiple channels 5 for the call setting status in order to select a plurality ofchannels 5 for which the same cell may be assembled (i.e., for the same destination). Cell multiplexing means 200 takes audio information or ATM cells from themultiple channels 5 selected by the call monitoring means 100, divides the received information or ATM cells, and assembles the divided parts in a multiplexing manner into a new cell (containing a payload 8). In a preferred structure according to the invention, the multiplexing means 200 may multiplex control and alarm information from thechannels 5 selected by the call monitoring means together with, say, audio information into a cell. Alternatively, the multiplexing means 200 may assemble a cell using audio signals obtained by converting a plurality of sampled values into a code of a predetermined number of bits. Because thecommunication information 6 from themultiple channels 5 is multiplexed as described into a single cell according to the invention, the transfer delay is minimized. - When a plurality of items of information are multiplexed into a single cell, the payload part of the cell may be formed to a fixed or variable length. How the payload part is formed may be expressed as payload control information that is prefixed to the beginning of the
payload 8. - Only the same kind of communication information (e.g., audio information) may be multiplexed into a single cell. Alternatively, communication information of different characteristics (audio and image information) may be multiplexed into a single cell.
- In a further preferred structure according to the invention, a plurality of
ATM cells 10 received ascommunication information 6 may be divided and the divided parts may be multiplexed into anew ATM cell 10. - These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon a reading of the following description and appended drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a view illustrating the operating principle of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a typical prior art ATM transmission apparatus;
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the constitution of an ATM cell used by the conventional apparatus of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting the overall system configuration of a first embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ATM transmission apparatus in the first embodiment;
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the format of an ATM cell used by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual view indicating how data items are multiplexed by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 8 is a detailed view showing how call monitors are illustratively structured in the first embodiment;
- FIG. 9 is a view depicting typical sequences of control operations in effect when a call is connected by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 10 is a view portraying the sequence of operations between a code buffer controller and a code buffer on the calling side where a call is connected by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a view showing the sequence of operations between a code buffer controller and an ATM multiplexer on the called part where a call is connected by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 12 is a view depicting the sequence of operations between a code buffer controller and a code buffer on the called side where a call is connected by the first embodiment;
- FIG. 13 is a view illustrating the overall system configuration of a second embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 14 is a function block diagram of a cell mapping part in the second embodiment;
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual view showing how ATM cells are multiplexed by the second embodiment;
- FIG. 16 is a view depicting the format of a channel identifier in a new ATM cell produced by the second embodiment;
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram portraying the overall system configuration of a third embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 18 is a view illustrating the format of a channel ID part in a new ATM cell produced by the third embodiment;
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram depicting the overall system configuration of a fourth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual view showing how ATM cells are multiplexed by the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram sketching the overall system configuration of a fifth embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram of an interface part that handles the transmission and reception of ATM cells in the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 23 is a function block diagram showing how a buffer controller and an ATM multiplexer operate on the transmitting side of the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 24 is a function block diagram depicting how a buffer controller and an ATM multiplexer operate on the receiving side of the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 25 is a conceptual view illustrating how ATM cells are multiplexed by the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 26 is a view showing typical contents of payload control information parts in ATM cells in connection with the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 27 is a view describing how the ATM cells multiplexed by the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG. 25 are restored back to the original information;
- FIG. 28 is a view showing a detailed format of an ATM cell in connection with the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 29 is a view indicating what is typically meant by a DB header stored in a payload control information part in connection with the fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 30 is a view depicting typical contents of a DC header stored in a payload control information part in connection with the fifth embodiment; and
- FIG. 31 is a view showing the format of an ATM cell that actually contains information in connection with the fifth embodiment.
- The first embodiment of the invention is arranged to divide audio information from a plurality of channels into
ATM cells 10 of a fixed length each for multiplexing. FIG. 4 depicts the overall system configuration of the first embodiment, FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ATM transmission apparatus in the first embodiment, and FIG. 6 shows the format of an ATM cell used by the first embodiment. - FIG. 7 is a conceptual view indicating how data items are multiplexed by the first embodiment. FIG. 7 shows how audio information from a plurality of channels5 (data A, data B, data C, . . . ) is multiplexed into
ATM cells 10. - In FIG. 4, an
exchange 1 accommodating subscriber lines fromsubscriber terminals 2 is connected to anATM transmission apparatus 4. TheATM transmission apparatus 4 on the calling side is in turn connected via anATM transmission line 3 to anotherATM transmission apparatus 4 on the called side. - In FIG. 5, call monitors46 constituting call monitoring means 10 are provided in the
ATM transmission apparatus 4. The call monitors 46 are connected toATM processors 44. EachATM processor 44 comprises acode buffer 42, adata multiplexer 36 and anATM multiplexer 13, the latter two constituting multiplexing means 200. - Referring again to FIG. 4, suppose that a subscriber (calling subscriber) wishes to make a call to another subscriber (called subscriber). In that case, the
exchange 1 connects the calling subscriber'sterminal 2 to theATM transmission apparatus 4 via a givenchannel 5. In FIG. 5, the calling subscriber sends to theATM transmission apparatus 4 call setting information for setting up the call. - In the
ATM transmission apparatus 4, the call monitors 46 monitor the call setting information coming from calling subscribers over the channels (data A-n). From the call setting information, each call monitor 46 obtains the settings needed to determine a virtual path identifier VPT and a virtual channel identifier VCI for therelevant ATM processor 44. The settings are transferred along with identification information of eachchannel 5 to thedata multiplexer 36. The transfer is made to a buffer controller 12 (buffer control means 12) in thedata multiplexer 36 via acontrol line 37 provided independently of data communication lines. - How each call monitor is typically structured will now be described with reference to FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 8, each call monitor comprises call
monitor units 38 provided for the respective channels, a control signal transmitter-receiver 15 for recognizing a channel control signal received over thechannels 5, and atransmission path selector 16 for obtaining path information from the channel control signal. - The control information including the channel control information may be obtained on an in-slot basis (i.e., the information is contained in the audio signal from the channels5), or on an out-slot basis (the information is received over a
separate control line 37 independent of the audio information). - In the
data multiplexer 36 of FIG. 5, thebuffer controller 12 analyzes the information sent from thecall monitor 46, determines the virtual path identifier VPI and virtual channel identifier VCI for identifying the call, selects up to sixchannels 5 that determined the identifiers VPI and VCI, and forms a group of communication data accordingly. This group of communication data is a group which comprises communication information received overdifferent channels 5 and which complies with the virtual path identifier VPI and virtual channel identifier VCI of the next stage. - When the calling subscriber starts transmitting communication information (audio signal in this example), the coder-
decoder 41 provided for eachchannel 5 converts to coded information the audio signal transmitted over thechannels 5 and through theexchange 1. The conversion is carried out on the basis of the LD-CELP method. The coded information is accumulated in thecode buffer 42 of thedata multiplexer 36. - The
buffer controller 12 monitors the amount of coded information being accumulated in eachcode buffer 42. A point is eventually reached where thebuffer controller 12 finds that the code buffers 42 corresponding to the sixchannels 5 forming the same group have each accumulated five sets of coded information (a total of 50 bits). At that point, thebuffer controller 12 obtains the accumulated five sets of coded information from the buffers and stores them into auser information part 11 of eachchannel 5 in thepayload 8 of the cell shown in FIG. 6. - In addition, the
buffer controller 12 collects through the call monitors 46 the control information on the connection status of six subscribers forming the same group (e.g., on-hook/off-hook information) as well as alarm information in connection therewith. The collected information is stored in a 10-bit control/alarm information area assigned to the sixchannels 5 in thepayload 8. - Five sets of coded information (a total of 50 bits) and control/alarm information (10 bits) are allocated to the six
channels 5. These sets of coded information constitute part of the 360-bit payload 8. - In the setup of FIG. 6, each coded information area of the
payload 8 is formed to a fixed length (50 bits). Alternatively, these information areas may be formed to a variable length each. How this can be achieved will be described later in connection with the fifth embodiment (FIG. 25). - The
payload 8 is assembled under control of thebuffer controller 12. The payload data are then output to theATM multiplexer 13 in accordance with the virtual path identifier VPI and virtual channel identifier VCI determined commonly for thosechannels 5 constituting the same group. - The
ATM multiplexer 13 assembles a cell by supplementing thepayload 8 from the upstream multiplexing part with anATM header 7 containing the virtual path identifier VPI and virtual channel identifier VCI. The assembled cell is transmitted to across connection multiplexer 45. Thecross connection multiplexer 45 places in a queue (i.e., buffer) the cells coming fromvarious ATM multiplexers 13. These cells are then output over theATM transmission line 3 in the order in which they arrived. - Described below with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12 are the sequences of control operations in effect when a call is made by the first embodiment. In FIG. 9, the upper half shows the sequence of control operations on the calling side of the
ATM transmission apparatus 4, and the lower half indicates the sequence of control operations on the called side of theATM transmission apparatus 4. - On the calling side of the
ATM transmission apparatus 4, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 9, the control signal transmitter-receiver 15 in thecall monitor 46 receives call information, i.e., a start signal and a selection signal, from a calling subscriber'sterminal 2 belonging to thesame exchange 1. At that point, the control signal transmitter-receiver 15 extracts a channel control signal from the received information and sends the signal to thetransmission path selector 16. - Based on the channel control signal received, the
transmission path selector 16 selects an appropriate transmission path, generates channel path information, and sends the information to thecode buffer controller 12. In turn, thecode buffer controller 12 determines the path of an ATM cell to be generated on the basis of the channel path information. With the cell path determined, thecode buffer controller 12 sends cell transmission path information to theATM multiplexer 13. - Concurrently, the
code buffer controller 12 reads coded information from thecode buffer 42. If ant of the channels involved is busy with a call, thecode buffer controller 12 notifies theATM multiplexer 13 with only the control signal such as cell transmission path information until an acknowledge signal is received from the opposite exchange. It is only after theopposite exchange 1 acknowledges receipt and completion of the call and its connection that the coded information is transmitted to theATM multiplexer 13. - FIG. 10 portrays the sequence of operations performed between the
code buffer controller 12 and thecode buffer 42 in the above setup. As described, upon receipt of the channel path information from thetransmission path selector 16, thecode buffer controller 12 determines the cell path and makes a read request to thecode buffer 42 by designating an appropriate address thereto. The coded information is read from thecode buffer 42 in response to the read request and is transferred to thecode buffer controller 12. When one cell of coded information has been read out by thecode buffer controller 12, thecontroller 12 outputs a cell generation complete notice to theATM multiplexer 13. The cell generation complete notice prompts theATM multiplexer 13 to make a read request. In turn, thecode buffer controller 12 supplies theATM multiplexer 13 with payload information made of the channel control signal and of the coded information. - When the ATM,
multiplexer 13 prefixes theheader 7 to the payload information, the result is anATM cell 10 that is transferred through thecross connection multiplexer 45 of FIG. 5 and on to theATM transmission line 3. - FIG. 11 shows the sequence of operations in effect when call information sent from the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 on the calling side is received as theATM cell 10 by theATM transmission apparatus 4 on the receiving side. Upon receipt of theATM cell 10, theATM multiplexer 13 sends a cell receipt acknowledge signal to thecode buffer controller 12 within the receiving-sideATM transmission apparatus 4. In turn, thecode buffer controller 12 makes a read request to theATM multiplexer 13. The read request prompts theATM multiplexer 13 to read the payload information (coded and control information) from theATM cell 10 and to decode the channel path. The decoded channel path information is sent by thecode buffer controller 12 to the control signal transmitter-receiver 15. The channel path information received by the control signal transmitter-receiver 15 is sent both to the call, monitors 38 (FIG. 8) and to thetransmission path selector 16. - In parallel with the above process, the
code buffer controller 12 writes the coded information to thecode buffer 42. The sequence of the write operation is shown in FIG. 12. Specifically, upon receipt of the path information from thetransmission path selector 16, thecode buffer controller 12 decodes the channel path and makes a write request to thecode buffer 42. When thecode buffer 42 grants permission to write, thecode buffer controller 12 writes to thecode buffer 42 the coded information obtained from thepayload 8 in theATM cell 10. Subsequent operations, not shown in FIG. 12, include outputting the coded information that came from thecode buffer 42 onto theATM transmission line 3 and transmitting the information to the called subscriber's terminal. - The lower half of FIG. 9 depicts the sequence of operations performed by the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 on the called side when the call is acknowledged by the called subscriber. Specifically, when the called-sideATM transmission apparatus 4 receives acknowledge information (acknowledge signal) from the called subscriber, a call connection signal is extracted by the control signal transmitter-receiver 15 from the received information and is sent to thecode buffer controller 12 via the transmission path selector16. Then in the same sequence as shown in FIG. 10, the coded information is read from thecode buffer 42 for cell generation. The payload information is forwarded to theATM multiplexer 13. - The
ATM multiplexer 13 prefixes theheader 7 to the payload information. The payload information prefixed with theheader 7 is sent to thecross connection multiplexer 45. In turn, thecross connection multiplexer 45 transmits the acknowledge information as anATM 10 to theATM transmission apparatus 4 on the calling side. - As described, the first embodiment works roughly as follows: when the code buffers42 corresponding to the six calls that share a virtual path identifier VPI and a virtual channel identifier VCI have each accumulated five sets of coded information, the data multiplexer 36 (buffer controller 12) in the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 starts assembling one set of payload information using separately collected control and alarm information. At this point, it takes 3,125 ms (i.e., 625×5) for each of the code buffers 42 to accumulate five sets of coded information. That is, the coded information accumulation time with the code buffers 42 is reduced to {fraction (5/36)} of the time normally calculated with the prior art ATM transmission apparatus 4 (22,500 ms). - The second embodiment is arranged to further
multiplex ATM cells 10 into anew ATM cell 10 through remapping in an ATM node (i.e., ATM transmission apparatus 4), the new ATM cell being output onto theATM transmission line 3. Among the plurality ofATM cells 10 to be multiplexed, the VCI value of a givenATM cell 10 is taken as the VCI value of theheader 7 for thenew ATM cell 10. The VCI values of theold ATM cells 10 are stored as channel identification information in thepayload 8 of thenew ATM cell 10. - As depicted in FIG. 13, the system configuration of the
ATM transmission apparatus 4 in the second embodiment includes ATM converters (AAL's) and apath distributor 50. Thepath distributor 50 contains apath identifier 17 and acell mapping part 18, the path identifier operating as the call monitoring means 100. FIG. 14 is a function block diagram of thecell mapping part 18. Thecell mapping part 18 comprises acell mapping controller 22, atimer 20 controlled by thecell mapping controller 22, amapping buffer 32, aVCI detector 21 and acell output part 52. - What characterizes the second embodiment is that the signals from
subscriber terminals 2 are converted by the ATM converters (AAL's) into ATM cells which are then remapped by thepath distributor 50 into a newly multiplexedATM cell 10 for output. - In FIG. 13, the
path identifier 17 acts as a kind of selector. While receiving information in the form ofATM cells 10 from the ATM converters (AAL's), thepath identifier 17 detects VPI values from these cells. IfATM cells 10 found destined to the same path based on VPI detection are received within a predetermined period of time, thepath identifier 17 inputs these ATM cells into thecell mapping part 18. In FIG. 14,cells # 1 and #2 have the same VIP value. - When a first ATM cell10 (i.e.,
first cell # 1 given after timer reset) arrives from an ATM converter (AAL), thetimer 20 is activated and theVCI detector 21 is fed with a pulse signal indicating the input of the first ATM cell 10 (cell #1). TheVCI detector 21 detects the VCI value from the cell, and notifies thecell mapping controller 22 of the VCI value of the first ATM cell 10 (cell #1). - The
cell mapping controller 22 then assembles a new ATM cell 10 (cell #A) with its VCI value taken from the first ATM cell 10 (cell #1). That VCI value is also stored in achannel ID part 24 of thepayload 8. - When the
path identifier 17 detects the arrival of an ATM cell (cell #2) having the same VPI value as that of the first cell before time is up on thetimer 20, theVCI detector 21, reads the VCI value from theheader 7 of the ATM cell 10 (cell #2). Thecell mapping controller 22 writes the VCI value of the ATM cell (cell #2) only to thechannel ID part 24 in a payloadcontrol information part 23 of thepayload 8. Thereafter, whenever anATM cell 10 is input of which the VPI value is the same as the above, the VCI value is stored successively into thechannel ID part 24 of thepayload 8. The successive storage of VCI values into thechannel ID part 24 continues until a time-out is reached on thetimer 20. - Concurrently with the storage of the VCI values, the information on the ATM cells10 (
cells # 1, #2, etc.) is stored consecutively into auser information part 11 of thepayload 8. - FIG. 15 illustrates how ATM cells (
cells # 1, #2, etc.) are related in format to the new ATM cell (cell #A) in connection with the second embodiment. As shown, the VPI and VCI values of the first ATM cell (cell #1) are adopted as those of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A); the VCI information of the second and subsequent ATM cells is stored successively into thechannel ID part 24. The control information and user information of theATM cells 10 are placed for each channel into areas of a fixed length each within theuser information part 11 of thepayload 8 in the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A). - The
channel ID part 24 accommodates, in addition to the VCI values of the ATM cells 10 (cells # 1, #2, etc.), data length information indicating the amount of information (significant bit count or byte length) of eachold ATM cell 10. If the control information is the same or common to thechannels 5, the information may alternatively be written to an appropriate address of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A). Where one sampled data item is fixed to a data length of eight bits, as with 64-kbps PCM audio information, the data length information may be stored as a single item or may be omitted altogether. - When a predetermined period of time has elapsed on the timer20 (i.e., upon time-out), the
timer 20 outputs a trigger signal to thecell output part 52 through thecell mapping controller 22. With the trigger signal output, the VIP value is written to theheader 7 of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A) via thecell output part 52. The ATM cell 10 (cell #A) is then output onto the transmission line. - Even before the time-out of the
timer 20, thecell mapping part 18 outputs the trigger signal to thecell output part 52 if theuser information part 11 of the ATM cell 10 (cell #A) has been filled to capacity with information. This prompts the output of the ATM cell 10 (cell #A). At this point, thetimer 20 is reset regardless of the time-out that may or may not be reached on the timer. - In the receiving side ATM node, the old VCI values of the old ATM cells (
cells # 1. #2, etc.) are extracted from thechannel ID part 24 in thepayload 8 of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A). At the same time, the data length information is read out to determine the allocation of the information for the respective old cells. The operations combine to reassemble the old ATM cells 10 (cells # 1, #2, etc.). - Although the above setup involves storing the VCI value of the first ATM cell (cell #1) in the
channel ID part 24 of thepayload 8, thechannel ID part 24 may alternatively accommodate the VCI values of the second and subsequent ATM cells 10 (fromcell # 2 on). In the latter case, the VCI value in theheader 7 of the ATM cell 10 (cell #A) that has arrived may be used unchanged as the first user information on the receiving side. - Although the above setup uses the VCI value of the first ATM cell10 (cell #1) as the VCI value of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A), an alternative arrangement may be employed. Specifically, the maximum or minimum VCI value of the old ATM cells 10 (
cells # 1, #2, etc.) may be detected by theVCI detector 21. Then thecell mapping part 18 may write the maximum or minimum VCI value to theheader 7 of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A). In this case, the writing of the VCI value to theheader 7 of the new ATM cell 10 (cell #A) is accomplished after mapping. - As described, the second embodiment assembles old ATM cells10 (#1, #2, etc.) regardless of their many dummy patterns (see FIG. 15) into a new ATM cell (#A) with no dummy pattern. In this manner, the
payload 8 of thenew ATM cell 10 is utilized efficiently. Because the assembly of thenew ATM cell 10 is monitored by thetimer 20, there is no delay in the output of that cell. - FIG. 16 depicts the format of a channel ID part in a new ATM cell (#A) produced by a variation of the second embodiment. One way to apportion VPI and VCI values of ATM cells in the channel ID format is to set low-order n bits as per the number of paths or channels needed by the user while the high-order bits are fixed (e.g., all bits fixed to zero). In the example of FIG. 16, the
channel ID part 24 of the new ATM cell 10 (#A) accommodates only the low-order n bits and VCI significant bit count of the VCI values from the old ATM cells 10 (#1, #2., etc.). - According to the preceding method, three bits are enough when it comes to expressing, say, five channels for use by a single path (VPI). Even if the use of “000” is prohibited by the user, a three-bit format provides expressions of up to seven channels (001-111).
- Where the above method is employed, the
cell mapping part 22 takes the significant bit count n (n=7 in the above example) of the VCI values from the input ATM cells 10 (#1, #2, etc.) and stores the count into a significant bit count storage part of thechannel ID part 24 in thepayload 8. Following the bit count storage part, thecell mapping part 22 stores consecutively the low-order n bits of the VCI values from theinput ATM cells 10. - The value n may be determined in one of two ways: either it is set when entered initially through the network, or it is determined as needed based on the information obtained from the
VCI detector 21. In any case, the format of FIG. 16 allows thechannel ID part 24 to be used efficiently so that an extensiveuser information part 11 will be secured in thepayload 8. - In the third embodiment, an ATM node (i.e., ATM transmission apparatus4) further multiplexes the information in the form of
ATM cells 10 into anew ATM cell 10 through remapping, and outputs the new ATM cell to another ATM node. Among the plurality ofATM cells 10 to be multiplexed, the VCI value of a givenATM cell 10 is taken as the VCI value of theheader 7 for thenew ATM cell 10. The VCI values of theold ATM cells 10 are converted to channel numbers through a management table 25 for storage into thechannel ID part 24 of thenew ATM cell 10. - FIG. 17 portrays the system configuration of the third embodiment. In FIG. 17, the
cell mapping controller 22 is basically the same in composition as that of the second embodiment except for the management table 25 shown in the figure. The other components that are functionally identical to those described in connection with the second embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and any repetitive description thereof is omitted. As depicted in FIG. 17, the management table 25 is made of conversion tables each converting the VCI numbers under a given VPI into channel numbers. - When notified of the VCI values of the old ATM cells10 (#1. #2, etc.) by the
VCI detector 21, thecell mapping controller 22 references the conversion table of the applicable VPI in the VCI management table 25, and reads the corresponding channel numbers therefrom. The channel numbers thus read out are written consecutively, together with data length information, to thechannel ID part 24 of the new ATM cell 10 (#A). - FIG. 18 illustrates the format of the
channel ID part 24 in a new ATM cell produced by the third embodiment. As with the second embodiment, if the data length is the same throughout the payloaduser information part 11 of this format, only one data length may be stored, or the storage of data lengths may be omitted altogether. - In the fourth embodiment, an ATM node (i.e., ATM transmission apparatus4) further multiplexes the information in the form of
ATM cells 10 into anew ATM cell 10 through remapping, and outputs the new ATM cell to another ATM node. What characterizes the fourth embodiment is that a representative VCI indicating a plurality of multiplexed cells is stored as the VCI value of thenew ATM cell 10. - FIG. 19 depicts the system configuration of the fourth embodiment which includes a representative
VCI prefixing part 53. The other components that are functionally identical to those described in connection with the second embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and any repetitive description thereof is omitted. - With the fourth embodiment, the
cell mapping controller 22 sends a trigger signal to the representativeVCI prefixing part 53 immediately after reset or time-out of thetimer 20 or when theuser information part 11 of thepayload 8 has been filled with information. This causes the representative VCI value to be written to theheader 7 of the new ATM cell 10 (#A). The representative VCI stands for a plurality of cells being multiplexed and is preferably reserved as a special number. FIG. 20 shows how old ATM cells 10 (#1, #2, etc.) compare in format with the new ATM cell 10 (#A) in connection with the fourth embodiment. - Upon receipt of the multiplexed ATM cell10 (#A) prefixed with the representative VCI, the ATM node on the receiving side disassembles the ATM cell 10 (#A) into the original plurality of ATM cells 10 (#1, #2, etc.). The disassembled
ATM cells 10 are transferred to the terminals corresponding thereto. If an ATM cell 10 (#B) has no representative VCI prefixed thereto, the cell is transferred intact to the corresponding terminal orATM transmission apparatus 4. - The prefixing of the representative VCI may be implemented by combining the methods of the second and third embodiments.
- The fifth embodiment involves dividing into variable lengths a plurality of items of information generated by terminals (i.e., terminal equipment; TE) in an in-house setup and multiplexing these items in the
payload 8 of anATM cell 10. - FIG. 21 sketches the overall system configuration of the fifth embodiment. In the in-house setup of FIG. 21, terminals (TE) connected to in-house bus means28 coming from network
transit switching equipment 26 are illustratively multimedia terminals. Each of these terminals incorporates a pair ofinterface parts 30 that transmit and receive image information, audio information, text data and other data in the form ofATM cells 10. FIG. 22 illustrates aninterface part 30 in more detail. As depicted, theinterface part 30 comprises anATM multiplexer 13, abuffer controller 12 and abuffer 54. In each terminal (TE), oneinterface part 30 is located on the upward-bound bus side and theother interface part 30 on the downward-bound bus side. - FIG. 23 is a function block diagram showing how the
buffer controller 12 and theATM multiplexer 13 operate on the transmitting side of the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 24 is a function block diagram depicting how the same components operate on the receiving side. - What takes place on the transmitting side of the fifth embodiment in FIG. 23 is as follows: data items (A, B, C, . . . , N) from terminals are first written to the
buffer 54. When abuffer input counter 2302 has counted the data items up to a predetermined value, the counter notifies an input transmission rate calculation part 3203 that the predetermined count value is reached. Based on that input count value, the input transmission rate calculation part 3203 calculates the transmission rate of the input data and notifies a payload assembly ratio calculation part 2305 of that rate. At the same time, a desired transmission raterequest processing part 2304 receives desired transmission rate requests from the terminals (TE) and notifies the payload assembly ratio calculation part 2305 of these requests. - Based on the received information and on the data from a bus monitoring and
processing part 2312, the payload assembly ratio calculation part 2305 determines how the different data items are to be allocated in thepayload 8. The data allocation thus determined is sent to asub-header assembly part 2309 and to a read order andamount controller 2306 of the payloadcontrol information part 23. - In turn, the read order and
amount controller 2306 activates individual inputbuffer reading parts 2307 which read necessary amounts of data from thebuffer 54 in a predetermined order. The read-out data are handed over to a payloaddata assembly part 2308 of theATM multiplexer 13. - After the
sub-header assembly part 2309 prefixes the payloadcontrol information part 23 as asub-header 7 to thepayload 8, an ATMheader prefixing part 2310 prefixes the other items of the header 7 (e.g., VPI, VCI) to theATM cell 10. The completedATM cell 10 is then sent to a transmission buffer 2311 (first-in first-out memory) in theATM multiplexer 13. From thebuffer 2311, theATM cell 10 is output onto the in-house bus means 28. - What takes place on the receiving side of the fifth embodiment in FIG. 24 is as follows: when an
ATM cell 10 is received through the in-house bus means 28, cell receipt information is sent from an ATMheader identification part 2413 to a bus monitoring andprocessing part 2412 within theATM multiplexer 13. This causes necessary processing to take place according to the protocol (e.g., DQDB protocol) of the in-house bus means 28. - The ATM cell thus received is accumulated in a reception buffer2414 (first-in first-out memory) in the
ATM multiplexer 13. Thereafter, the ATM cell is sent both to asub-header removal part 2416 and to asub-header analysis part 2415, the latter analyzing thesub-header 7 held in the payloadcontrol information part 23. In accordance with the result of the analysis on thesub-header 7, the payloadcontrol information part 23 is removed and theuser information part 11 of thepayload 8 is disassembled by a payloaddata disassembly part 2417. Following disassembly, image information, audio information, text data and other data are transferred to individual data transmissionbuffer writing parts 2419 via individual data buffers 2418 (first-in first-out memory). These kinds of information are read from the buffers according to the transmission rate determined by a desired transmission raterequest processing part 2421. - What characterizes the fifth embodiment is that, as discussed with reference to FIG. 23, the relative ratio at which to assemble different data into the
payload 8 is varied (by the payload assembly ratio calculation part 2305) in accordance with the desired transmission rates requested and with the actually input transmission rate. While the first through the fourth embodiment allocate data in a fixed length format within thepayload 8 upon multiplexing of information in theATM cell 10, the fifth embodiment allocates data in a variable length format within thepayload 8. - FIG. 25 is a conceptual view illustrating how ATM cells are multiplexed by the fifth embodiment. In FIG. 25, transmitted information composed of four data types (data A through data D; in the upper part of the figure) is shown multiplexed in variable lengths (in the lower part of the figure) within the
payload 8 of anATM cell 10. These four kinds of data (data A-D) may be data for a different channel each (e.g., data A representing image, data B sound, data C text data). The fifth embodiment is particularly effect when used with an in-house setup wherein multimedia terminals connected to an in-house LAN are often required to transmit and receive information of different channels in synchronism. - Generally, the
ATM cell 10 comprises theATM header 7, payloadcontrol information part 23 and payloaduser information part 11. The ratio of assembling each of different types of information into the payloaduser information part 11 is calculated by the payload assembly ratio calculation part 2305. The ratio is determined after consideration of such factors as whether or not the information to be transmitted needs to be processed at high speed and whether or not the information is to be handled on a burst basis. - FIG. 26 shows typical contents of payload control information parts in ATM cells (i.e., lower half of what is depicted in FIG. 25) in connection with the fifth embodiment, and FIG. 28 gives a detailed format of one of such ATM cells. As illustrated in FIG. 28, the payload
control information part 23 contains a DB header (first control area 34) and a DC header (second control area 35). The DB header comprises identifiers each indicating the beginning, an intermediate portion or the end of the information in question. The DC header includes identifiers indicating the data length of each item of information held in thisATM cell 10. - Take, for example, the first ATM cell10 (cell 1) shown in the lower half of FIG. 25. This ATM cell contains the beginning of each of data A through data C, while data D is not stored. Thus the DB header contains an identifier (e.g., “01”) indicating the beginning of each of data A through data C, and includes another identifier (e.g., “00”) indicating the absence of data D (see FIG. 29, to be discussed later). The DC header stores the data length of each of the different data (A1, B1, C1; see FIG. 30, to be discussed later).
- On the receiving side, the DB and DC headers are read out of the payload
control information part 23. The information contained in the headers allows the receiving-side ATM transmission apparatus to recognize what kinds of information are held and how they are allocated in the payloaduser information part 11 of theATM cell 10 in question. With the necessary information thus revealed, the original data A through D are restored precisely. FIG. 27 describes how the ATM cells multiplexed by the fifth embodiment as shown in the lower half of FIG. 25 are restored back to the original data (data A through D). - In the ATM cell format shown in FIG. 28, what characterizes the fifth embodiment is that, as mentioned above, the payload
user information part 11 is headed by the payloadcontrol information part 23 which comprises thefirst control area 34 andsecond control area 35. The first and thesecond control areas - In FIG. 29, a bit string “00” held in a DCF means that no data is stored in the corresponding payload
user information part 11; a bit string “01” means that the beginning of transmitted data is stored; a bit string “10” means that an intermediate portion of the transmitted data is stored; and a bit string “11” means that the end of the transmitted data is stored. - The DC header may contain up to four pairs of identifiers, each pair indicating a data length (DL) and a data sequence (DSN, or data sequence number). The DL identifier denotes the length of the corresponding data accommodated in the payload user information part11 (to be described below), and the DSN identifier designates the data sequence number of the applicable data as counted from the first data.
- The payload
user information part 11 ranges from the eleventh octet to the fifty-second octet. Actual data are allocated in this part according to the ratio determined for the respective data. FIG. 31 shows the format of an ATM cell that contains actual data in connection with the fifth embodiment. - As described and according to the fifth embodiment. numerous kinds of data are multiplexed in each
ATM cell 10 in which thepayload 8 is apportioned in variable lengths. This feature boosts the efficiency of data transmission and makes effective use of the available traffic capacity thanks to the high concentration of transmitted data. - Because there is no need to classify data types on a network27 (in FIG. 21), the structure of the network can be simplified.
- With no need to change transmission and reception protocols on any terminal (TE) for each different type of data to be transmitted in an in-house setup, the terminal may be made smaller in size and simpler in structure than before.
- Since it is not necessary to repeat call settings for each set of data to be transmitted, the call setting procedure becomes more efficient. As a result, transmission costs are reduced.
- The ease of keeping synchronism between a plurality of kinds of data for simultaneous transmission contributes to preventing the voice or image drop-out during multimedia information transmission.
- As many apparently different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A cell multiplexing apparatus for receiving communication information over a minimum of two channels for assembling the received information into an asynchronous transfer mode cell made of a fixed-length header and a payload, and for transmitting the assembled cell, said apparatus comprising:
call monitoring means for obtaining call setting information from individual items of said communication information; and
multiplexing means for multiplexing said communication information received over said minimum of two channels into a single asynchronous transfer mode cell of a fixed length in accordance with said call setting information obtained by said call monitoring means.
2. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said communication information is a coded audio signal, and wherein said multiplexing means stores said coded information into said payload of said asynchronous transfer mode cell.
3. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said payload in said asynchronous transfer mode cell has a user information part divided into fixed lengths for accommodating at least two items of said communication information in equally divided quantities.
4. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said payload in said asynchronous transfer mode cell has a user information part divided into at least two variable lengths for accommodating at least two items of said communication information in appropriately divided quantities.
5. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said multiplexing means comprises:
coding-decoding means for coding into digital format the communication information coming from subscriber terminals via said channels;
a minimum of two code buffer means for accumulating said communication information in said digital format;
buffer control means for assembling said payload of said asynchronous transfer mode cell by monitoring said code buffer means; and
asynchronous transfer mode multiplexing means for prefixing a header to said asynchronous transfer mode cell of which said payload is assembled by said buffer control means; and
wherein said buffer control means reads a fixed quantity of said communication information from said code buffer means so as to assemble said payload of said asynchronous transfer mode cell every time said buffer control means detects said fixed quantity of said communication information stored into said code buffer means.
6. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 5 , further comprising:
a minimum of two multiplexing means each including coding-decoding means, buffer control means and asynchronous transfer mode multiplexing means; and
cross connection multiplexing means for connecting said minimum of two multiplexing means.
7. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein said call monitoring means comprises:
a call monitor, provided for each of a plurality of channels, for monitoring the status of a call;
control signal transmitting-receiving means for recognizing a channel control signal received over a channel; and
transmission path selecting means for extracting path information from said channel control signal and for supplying said buffer control means with channel path information; and
wherein said buffer control means, upon receipt of said channel path information from said transmission path selecting means, determines the path of said asynchronous transfer mode cell.
8. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said call monitoring means acts as path identifying means which receives asynchronous transfer mode cells as said communication information and which, by monitoring the headers of the received asynchronous transfer mode cells, captures only those asynchronous transfer mode cells each having an identical virtual path identifier; and wherein said multiplexing means acts as cell mapping means for multiplexing a minimum of two asynchronous transfer mode cells having the same virtual path identifier into a new asynchronous transfer mode cell.
9. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein said cell mapping means comprises:
timer means for counting the time required to capture asynchronous transfer mode cells having the same virtual path identifier;
virtual channel identifier detecting means for detecting virtual channel identifiers from the captured asynchronous transfer mode cells; and
cell mapping control means for generating a header and a payload of a new asynchronous transfer mode cell based on the information coming from said timer means and said virtual channel identifier detecting means; and
wherein said cell mapping control means takes the virtual channel identifier held in the header of the first asynchronous transfer mode cell captured from among the cells having the same virtual path identifier, employs said virtual channel identifier as that to be stored in the header of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell, and fills a channel identifier part of a payload control information part in the payload of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell with the virtual channel identifiers of the second and subsequent asynchronous transfer mode cells captured.
10. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein said cell mapping control means takes any one of the maximum and minimum virtual channel identifiers of the first asynchronous transfer mode cell captured from among the cells having the same virtual path identifier, employs the virtual channel identifier thus taken as that to be stored into the header of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell, and fills said channel identifier part of said payload control information part in the payload of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell with the virtual channel identifiers of the second and subsequent asynchronous transfer mode cells captured.
11. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein said cell mapping means takes low-order n bits alone of said second and subsequent virtual channel identifiers captured, and stores successively said low-order n bits into said channel identifier part of said payload control information part in the payload of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell.
12. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said cell mapping means comprises a management table containing channel numbers corresponding to virtual channel numbers under each virtual path identifier; and wherein said cell mapping means coverts to the corresponding channel numbers the virtual channel identifiers of said second and subsequent asynchronous transfer mode cells captured by referring to said management table, and stores said corresponding channel numbers into said channel identifier part of said payload control information part in the payload of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell.
13. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein said cell mapping control means takes a representative virtual channel identifier indicating a plurality of multiplexed asynchronous transfer mode cells, uses said representative virtual channel identifier as the channel identifier of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell, and stores the virtual channel identifiers of the asynchronous transfer mode cells captured by said path identifying means into said channel identifier part of said payload control information part in the payload of said new asynchronous transfer mode cell.
14. A cell multiplexing apparatus for transmitting information in asynchronous transfer mode cells each made of a header and a payload in an in-house communication line setup, said apparatus comprising:
in-house bus means for transmitting said asynchronous transfer mode cells; and
in-house terminal means including a plurality of information sources connected to said in-house bus means via interface means for interfacing with said in-house bus means;
said interface means including:
buffer means for accumulating a plurality of transmission information from each information sources;
buffer control means for multiplexing the information accumulated in said buffer means into said payload of a single cell; and
asynchronous transfer mode multiplexing means for setting said header to indicate said payload being multiplexed with a plurality of information.
15. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein said buffer control means includes payload assembly ratio calculating means for receiving from said in-house terminal means requests for desired rates at which to transmit information, for calculating the transmission rate of information input to said buffer means, and for calculating the ratio at which to apportion into said payload at least two items of the information to be transmitted.
16. A cell multiplexing apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein the payload of each asynchronous transfer mode cell is divided into a payload control information part and a payload user information part;
said payload control information part having a first control area and a second control area, said first control area storing identifiers each indicating to which part of the entire information transmitted the corresponding portion of information held in said payload user information part belongs, said second control area storing identifiers each indicating the length of the corresponding portion of information held in said payload user information part;
said payload user information part accommodating at least two variable-length portions of information corresponding to the identifiers stored in said second control area of said payload control information part.
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US20070091931A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2007-04-26 | In Tae Hwang | Method for formatting signal in mobile communication system |
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US8401011B2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2013-03-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method for formatting signal in mobile communication system |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030117957A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
JPH05336159A (en) | 1993-12-17 |
US6661796B1 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
US5509007A (en) | 1996-04-16 |
US6584070B1 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
JP3262142B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
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