US20040118273A1 - Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field - Google Patents
Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- US20040118273A1 US20040118273A1 US10/323,383 US32338302A US2004118273A1 US 20040118273 A1 US20040118273 A1 US 20040118273A1 US 32338302 A US32338302 A US 32338302A US 2004118273 A1 US2004118273 A1 US 2004118273A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- armor
- active
- comprised
- medial
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour
Definitions
- the present invention relates to armaments and more particularly to reactive and active armor.
- the prior art discloses various arrangements of active armor in which a medial layer is positioned between an outer and an inner armor layer with a medial explosive or nonexplosive layer which disrupts a shaped charge to prevent it penetration of the overall armor system.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,660 discloses an arrangement in which an explosive charge is positioned between two armor layers. On detonation of the explosive, the armor layers are displaced from one another to disrupt the shaped charge jet.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,448 discloses an active armor arrangement consisting of two mutually parallel metal plates with an interior sheet of incompressible formaldehyde compound. Upon impact with a hollow jet explosive charge, the incompressible layer causes the outer metal sheets to push outwardly into the path of a hollow jet explosive charge.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,077 discloses an active armor in which explosive material is imbedded between layers of a resilient material which are contained between upper and lower rigid plates in a sandwich structure.
- a construction for application of active armor to a structure to be protected comprises a plurality of such packages, a plurality of projections attached to the structure and a plurality of holder each attachable to the other and running between adjacent projections. Each of the holders holds an edge of one of the packages so that each projection is thereby attached to at least one of the packages by the holder.
- performance of active armor may be improved by providing a medial space between an outer and an inner armor layer and providing an electrical generator to create an electric or magnetic field in the space between the outer and inner armor layers.
- a disadvantage to such an arrangement might be that the necessity to add additional weight and space requirement in order to provide an electrical generator of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary parent supply might add undue weight and space requirements when such an armor is used on a mobile vehicle.
- a further disadvantage of such an arrangement might be that the effectiveness of such armor might be reduced or effectively lost in the event of a power failure during operations, or in the event that the generator was shut down during non-operational periods.
- the present invention is an active armor system, which includes a first armor layer and a second armor layer. A space is interposed between the first and second armor layer. A third layer is also positioned preferably adjacent to and on the inner side of the first layer. This third layer is comprised of a material selected from a piezoelectric material, an electrostrictive material, and a magnetostrictive material. The third layer may also be characterized as any material capable of producing an electrical or magnetic field within the space in response to the application of mechanical force on this third layer.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is another vertical cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4.
- the active armor system of the present invention is shown generally at numeral 10 .
- This active armor system 10 includes a front armor layer 11 which would preferably consist of suitable steel alloy or some other ferromagnetic material.
- the front armor layer 11 has a front face 12 and a rear face 14 .
- the conventional shaped charge projectile 15 (which is not part of the invention) and against which this system is designed to protect travels in the direction of the arrow and would ordinarily be expected to impact against the front face 12 of the outer armor layer 11 .
- the interior layer 16 is comprised of a suitable piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive material. If a magnetostrictive material is selected, it would preferably be Terfernol which has a formula of Th.sub0.27 Dy.sub0.73 Fe.sub2. Alternatively the magnetstrictive material may be a Terfernol-D alloy (“Doped” Terfernol) which has a formula of Tb.sub0.27.Dy.sub0 73 Fe.sub1.95 and which has an additive which is a Group III or Group IV element such as Si or Al. Inwardly adjacent the interior layer 16 there is an electrode 22 which has a front face 24 and a rear face 26 . The front face 24 of electrode 22 would abut the rear face 20 of interior layer 16 .
- a suitable piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive material If a magnetostrictive material is selected, it would preferably be Terfernol which has a formula of Th.sub0.27 Dy.sub0.73 Fe.sub2. Alternatively the magnetstrict
- an interior air space 28 Inwardly adjacent the rear face 26 of electrode 22 there is an interior air space 28 .
- this air space 28 may be a vacuum space or may be a space filled with an inert gas.
- a rear armor layer 30 On the rear side of the armor system there is a rear armor layer 30 which has a front face 32 and a rear face 34 .
- Armor layer 11 is electrically connected to solid state power converter 36 by line 38 .
- Layer 26 is electrically connected to solid state power computer 36 by line 40 .
- the front face 32 is adjacent the air space 38 and the rear face 34 is adjacent a space to be protected 44 as, for example, the interior compartment of a tank or armored personnel carrier.
- FIG. 2 an embodiment is shown with a conductive plate 44 and a conductive plate 46 between which there is a piezoelectric material layer 48 .
- An electrostrictive or magnetostrictive material may be substituted for the piezoelectric material in layer 48 .
- Line 52 extends from conductive layer 44 and line 54 extends from conductive layer 46 to a circuit including diodes 56 , 58 , 60 and 62 . This circuit is connected by line 64 to a positive charge and by line 66 to a negative charge.
- Force vectors 70 which may impinge toward or away from conductive layer 44 .
- FIG. 3 another embodiment of active armor system of the present invention is shown in which there is a front piezoelectric plate 70 .
- An electrostrictive material or magnetostrictive material may be substituted for the piezoelectric material in this plate 70 .
- an air space 76 is positioned between conductive plate 72 and conductive plate 74 .
- Conductive plate 74 may be the exterior of a vehicle to be protected.
- a detonating shaped charge 78 produces an aperture 80 in the exterior piezoelectric plate 70 and front conductive plate 72 to produce a jet stream 82 of gas and molten metal in the air space 76 .
- the detonation of the shaped charge 78 causes the application of force vectors 83 and 84 on the exterior piezoelectric plate 70 which produces a positive charge on conductive plate 72 and a negative plate on conductive charge 84 so as to disrupt the jet stream 82 of gas and molten metal and prevent its penetration of conductive plate 74 .
- a shock wave resulting from the detonation of the shaped charge 78 will move through the piezoelectric plate 70 at about 10,000 ft/sec (V pp ).
- the shaped charge jet stream 82 will move through the space 76 at about 30,000 ft/sec (V jet ).
- the available electrical energy will be proportional to P i * (V pp *t) ⁇ circumflex over ( ) ⁇ Z. It should be understood that the distance between the piezoelectric plate 70 and the conductive plate 74 will be large enough to allow the shock wave to cover an area big enough to generate sufficient electrical energy to disrupt the jet stream 82 .
- FIG. 4 in another embodiment of the active armor of the present invention there are a plurality of cells as in cell 85 which is comprised of a conductive front plate 86 , a conductive rear plate 88 and a medial piezoelectric plate 90 and an insulator 92 . There are also a plurality of other such vertically oriented cells 94 , 96 and 98 . There are also a plurality of horizontal cells 100 , 102 , 104 and 106 . These vertical and horizontal cells together form a plurality of L-shaped members as in member 108 which has an interior corner 110 , an exterior corner 112 , a vertical leg 114 and a horizontal leg 116 .
- L-shaped member 118 is superimposed over L-shaped member 108 such that the exterior of L-shaped member 118 is adjacent to the interior corner of L-shaped member 108 .
- L-shaped member 120 is superimposed over L-shaped member 118 in a similar way and L-shaped member 122 is positioned in a superimposed relation over L-shaped member 120 in a similar way. It would be appreciated that a force in any direction as at force vectors 124 , 126 , 128 , 130 , 132 , 134 , 136 or 138 will cause current to be generated.
- FIG. 5 an arrangement is shown in which there is a lower stack 140 of L-shaped member such as L-shaped member 142 , 144 and 146 . There is also an upper stack 148 of L-shaped members as at L-shaped member 150 , 152 and 154 .
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to armaments and more particularly to reactive and active armor.
- 2. Brief Description of Prior Developments
- The prior art discloses various arrangements of active armor in which a medial layer is positioned between an outer and an inner armor layer with a medial explosive or nonexplosive layer which disrupts a shaped charge to prevent it penetration of the overall armor system.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,660, for example, discloses an arrangement in which an explosive charge is positioned between two armor layers. On detonation of the explosive, the armor layers are displaced from one another to disrupt the shaped charge jet.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,448 discloses an active armor arrangement consisting of two mutually parallel metal plates with an interior sheet of incompressible formaldehyde compound. Upon impact with a hollow jet explosive charge, the incompressible layer causes the outer metal sheets to push outwardly into the path of a hollow jet explosive charge.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,077 discloses an active armor in which explosive material is imbedded between layers of a resilient material which are contained between upper and lower rigid plates in a sandwich structure. A construction for application of active armor to a structure to be protected comprises a plurality of such packages, a plurality of projections attached to the structure and a plurality of holder each attachable to the other and running between adjacent projections. Each of the holders holds an edge of one of the packages so that each projection is thereby attached to at least one of the packages by the holder.
- It has also been suggested that performance of active armor may be improved by providing a medial space between an outer and an inner armor layer and providing an electrical generator to create an electric or magnetic field in the space between the outer and inner armor layers. A disadvantage to such an arrangement might be that the necessity to add additional weight and space requirement in order to provide an electrical generator of sufficient capacity to provide the necessary parent supply might add undue weight and space requirements when such an armor is used on a mobile vehicle. A further disadvantage of such an arrangement might be that the effectiveness of such armor might be reduced or effectively lost in the event of a power failure during operations, or in the event that the generator was shut down during non-operational periods.
- A need, therefore, exists for active armor in which an electrical or magnetic field may be provided in the space between an outer and inner armor layers which is not dependent on a necessity to be continually generating electrical power.
- The present invention is an active armor system, which includes a first armor layer and a second armor layer. A space is interposed between the first and second armor layer. A third layer is also positioned preferably adjacent to and on the inner side of the first layer. This third layer is comprised of a material selected from a piezoelectric material, an electrostrictive material, and a magnetostrictive material. The third layer may also be characterized as any material capable of producing an electrical or magnetic field within the space in response to the application of mechanical force on this third layer. The application of force on the third layer as a result of the impacting of a shaped charge projectile on the first armor layer will result in the production of an electric or magnetic charge in the interior space which will disrupt the formation of the shaped charge gas jet so as to prevent the penetration of the second armor layer.
- The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention;
- FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the active armor system of the present invention; and
- FIG. 5 is another vertical cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4.
- Referring to FIG. 1, the active armor system of the present invention is shown generally at
numeral 10. Thisactive armor system 10 includes afront armor layer 11 which would preferably consist of suitable steel alloy or some other ferromagnetic material. Thefront armor layer 11 has afront face 12 and arear face 14. The conventional shaped charge projectile 15(which is not part of the invention) and against which this system is designed to protect travels in the direction of the arrow and would ordinarily be expected to impact against thefront face 12 of theouter armor layer 11. Adjacent thefront armor layer 11 there is aninterior layer 16 which includes afront face 18 and arear face 20. Thisfront face 18 would abut therear face 14 of thefront armor layer 11. Theinterior layer 16 is comprised of a suitable piezoelectric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive material. If a magnetostrictive material is selected, it would preferably be Terfernol which has a formula of Th.sub0.27 Dy.sub0.73 Fe.sub2. Alternatively the magnetstrictive material may be a Terfernol-D alloy (“Doped” Terfernol) which has a formula of Tb.sub0.27.Dy.sub0 73 Fe.sub1.95 and which has an additive which is a Group III or Group IV element such as Si or Al. Inwardly adjacent theinterior layer 16 there is anelectrode 22 which has afront face 24 and arear face 26. Thefront face 24 ofelectrode 22 would abut therear face 20 ofinterior layer 16. Inwardly adjacent therear face 26 ofelectrode 22 there is aninterior air space 28. Alternatively, thisair space 28 may be a vacuum space or may be a space filled with an inert gas. On the rear side of the armor system there is arear armor layer 30 which has afront face 32 and arear face 34.Armor layer 11 is electrically connected to solidstate power converter 36 byline 38.Layer 26 is electrically connected to solidstate power computer 36 byline 40. Thefront face 32 is adjacent theair space 38 and therear face 34 is adjacent a space to be protected 44 as, for example, the interior compartment of a tank or armored personnel carrier. - In operation, when a shaped charge projectile as, for example,
projectile 15 impacts thefront face 12 of thefront armor layer 11, the force of that impact is transmitted through thefront armor layer 11 to theinterior layer 16. An electrical charge is transmitted to theelectrode 22 which produces an electrical field in theair space 28. The shaped charge ofprojectile 15 would be expected to form a gas jet (not shown). If this gas jet penetrates the outer armor layer10 as well as theinterior layer 16 and theelectrode 22, small, often molten, particles of thefront armor layer 11 would enter theair space 28. Because, however, of the electrical field produced as a result of the application of mechanical force on theinterior layer 16, the formation of the shaped charge gas jet is disrupted so that therear armor layer 30 would not be penetrated. - Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment is shown with a
conductive plate 44 and aconductive plate 46 between which there is apiezoelectric material layer 48. An electrostrictive or magnetostrictive material may be substituted for the piezoelectric material inlayer 48. There is aninsulation layer 50.Line 52 extends fromconductive layer 44 andline 54 extends fromconductive layer 46 to acircuit including diodes line 64 to a positive charge and byline 66 to a negative charge.Force vectors 70 which may impinge toward or away fromconductive layer 44. - Referring to FIG. 3, another embodiment of active armor system of the present invention is shown in which there is a front
piezoelectric plate 70. An electrostrictive material or magnetostrictive material may be substituted for the piezoelectric material in thisplate 70. Betweenconductive plate 72 andconductive plate 74 anair space 76 is positioned.Conductive plate 74 may be the exterior of a vehicle to be protected. A detonating shapedcharge 78 produces anaperture 80 in the exteriorpiezoelectric plate 70 and frontconductive plate 72 to produce ajet stream 82 of gas and molten metal in theair space 76. The detonation of the shapedcharge 78 causes the application offorce vectors piezoelectric plate 70 which produces a positive charge onconductive plate 72 and a negative plate onconductive charge 84 so as to disrupt thejet stream 82 of gas and molten metal and prevent its penetration ofconductive plate 74. A shock wave resulting from the detonation of the shapedcharge 78 will move through thepiezoelectric plate 70 at about 10,000 ft/sec (Vpp). The shapedcharge jet stream 82 will move through thespace 76 at about 30,000 ft/sec (Vjet). The available electrical energy will be proportional to Pi * (Vpp*t){circumflex over ( )}Z. It should be understood that the distance between thepiezoelectric plate 70 and theconductive plate 74 will be large enough to allow the shock wave to cover an area big enough to generate sufficient electrical energy to disrupt thejet stream 82. - Referring to FIG. 4, in another embodiment of the active armor of the present invention there are a plurality of cells as in
cell 85 which is comprised of a conductivefront plate 86, a conductiverear plate 88 and a medialpiezoelectric plate 90 and aninsulator 92. There are also a plurality of other such vertically orientedcells horizontal cells member 108 which has aninterior corner 110, anexterior corner 112, avertical leg 114 and ahorizontal leg 116. There are also a plurality of other L-shapedmembers member 118 is superimposed over L-shapedmember 108 such that the exterior of L-shapedmember 118 is adjacent to the interior corner of L-shapedmember 108. L-shapedmember 120 is superimposed over L-shapedmember 118 in a similar way and L-shapedmember 122 is positioned in a superimposed relation over L-shapedmember 120 in a similar way. It would be appreciated that a force in any direction as atforce vectors - Referring to FIG. 5, an arrangement is shown in which there is a
lower stack 140 of L-shaped member such as L-shapedmember upper stack 148 of L-shaped members as at L-shapedmember - It will be appreciated that an active armor layer making use of an electrical or magnetic field in an interior air space has been described in which such field can be established without the necessity of an onboard generator.
- While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims.
Claims (30)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/323,383 US6758125B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field |
PCT/US2003/040447 WO2004057262A2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2003-12-17 | Armor producing an electrical or magnetic field |
AU2003303151A AU2003303151A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2003-12-17 | Armor producing an electrical or magnetic field |
US10/871,146 US7104178B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-18 | Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field |
US11/156,770 US7424845B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2005-06-20 | Active armor |
US12/231,491 US8006608B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2008-09-02 | Method of providing a defense against a shaped charge |
US13/186,823 US8281701B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2011-07-20 | Method of providing a defense against a shaped charge |
US13/609,338 US8671821B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2012-09-11 | Method of providing a defense against a shaped charge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/323,383 US6758125B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/871,146 Continuation-In-Part US7104178B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-18 | Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20040118273A1 true US20040118273A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US6758125B1 US6758125B1 (en) | 2004-07-06 |
Family
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US10/323,383 Expired - Fee Related US6758125B1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Active armor including medial layer for producing an electrical or magnetic field |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6758125B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003303151A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004057262A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6758125B1 (en) | 2004-07-06 |
WO2004057262A2 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
AU2003303151A8 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
WO2004057262A3 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
AU2003303151A1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
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