US20050220916A1

US20050220916A1 - Spinning device and method having turbulent cooling by blowing

Info

Publication number: US20050220916A1
Application number: US10/500,917
Authority: US
Inventors: Stefan Zikeli; Friedrich Ecker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Lenzing AG
Priority date: 2002-01-08
Filing date: 2002-11-11
Publication date: 2005-10-06
Also published as: KR100586578B1; TW593805B; CA2466263A1; TW200301788A; CN1604971A; CN1325706C; MY137188A; WO2003057952A1; DE10200406A1; EP1463850B1; EP1463850A1; ATE382724T1; ZA200405084B; DE50211488D1; BR0215547A; AU2002367324A1; KR20040063983A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide. The apparatus (1) comprises a die plate (3) including extrusion orifices (4) through which the molding material is extruded into substantially filament-like continuously molded bodies (5). The continuously molded bodies (5) are passed through an air gap (6) and guided in a precipitation bath (9) by a deflector (10) to a bundling means (12) where they are united into a bundle of fibers. In the air gap, a blowing means (14) is provided for directing a cooling gas stream (15) onto the continuously molded bodies (5) in a direction transverse to the direction of passage (7). To improve the spinning stability and mechanical properties of the continuously molded bodies, it is intended according to the invention that the cooling gas stream (15) is turbulent when exiting from the blowing means (14).

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, the apparatus comprising a multitude of extrusion orifices through which during operation the molding material can be extruded into continuously molded bodies, a precipitation bath, an air gap arranged between the extrusion orifices and the precipitation bath, and a blowing means for producing a cooling gas stream, the continuously molded bodies being guided in successive order through the air gap and the precipitation bath during operation, and the cooling gas stream being directed in the area of the air gap onto the continuously molded bodies.
The fundamentals of the production of continuously molded bodies, such as lyocell fibers, from a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, preferably N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMNO) are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,221. Thus, continuously molded bodies are substantially produced in three steps: First the spinning solution, is extruded through a multitude of extrusion orifices to obtain continuously molded bodies. The continuously molded bodies are then stretched in an air gap—whereby the desired fiber strength is set—and are subsequently guided through a precipitation bath where they coagulate.
The advantage of lyocell fibers or corresponding continuously molded bodies lies, on the one hand, in a particularly environmentally friendly production process which permits an almost complete recovery of the amine oxide and, on the other hand, in the excellent textile properties of the lyocell fibers.
The process, however, poses problems insofar as the freshly extruded continuously molded bodies show a strong surface tackiness, which will only be reduced upon contact with a precipitant. Therefore, when the continuously molded bodies are passed through the air gap, there is the risk that the continuously molded bodies will contact one another and immediately stick together or conglutinate. The risk of conglutinations can be reduced by adjusting the operation and process parameters, such as tensile stress in the air gap, air gap height, filament density, viscosity, temperature and spinning velocity. However, when such conglutinations occur, the manufacturing process and fiber quality will be affected in a negative way because the conglutinations may lead to breaks and thickened portions in the continuously molded bodies. In the most adverse case the manufacturing method must be interrupted and the spinning process must be started once again, which entails high costs.
Nowadays, a spinning process without conglutinations is demanded from the manufacturers of continuously molded bodies, for instance from the yarn manufacturers as part of the textile processing chain, i.e. the individual filament stacks must not stick together because otherwise there will be irregularities e.g. in the yarn thickness.
A high profitability in the production of lyocell fibers, mainly staple fibers and filaments, however, can only be achieved when the spinneret orifices are arranged at a small distance from one another. A small distance, however, increases the risk of conglutinations in the air gap due to an incidental contact of the continuously molded bodies.
For improving the mechanical and textile properties of lyocell fibers, it is of advantage if the air gap is as large as possible because in the case of a large air gap the stretching of the filaments is distributed over a greater running length and stresses arising in the continuously molded bodies that are just being extruded can be reduced more easily. However, the larger the air gap, the lower is the spinning stability or the greater is the risk that the manufacturing process must be interrupted because of the conglutinations of the spun filaments.
Starting from the principles of U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,221, there are some solutions in the prior art in which the attempt is made to improve both the economic efficiency and the spinning stability in the production of continuously molded bodies from a spinning solution containing cellulose and tertiary amine oxide.
For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,261,941 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,698 describe a method in which the continuously molded bodies are brought into contact with a nonsolvent immediately after extrusion to reduce surface tackiness. Subsequently, the continuously molded bodies are guided through a precipitation bath. The additional wetting of the continuously molded bodies by the nonsolvent prior to their passage through the precipitation bath is however too complicated and expensive for commercial use.
Another approach of increasing the spinning-density, i.e. the number of extrusion orifices per unit area, is taken in WO 93/19230: In the method described therein the continuously molded bodies are cooled immediately after their extrusion by horizontal blowing in a direction transverse to the extrusion direction with a cooling gas stream. This measure reduces the surface tackiness of the continuously molded bodies, and the air gap can be extended.
This solution, however, has the inherent problem that the cooling gas stream interacts with the extrusion process at the extrusion orifices and may affect it in a negative way. In, particular, it has been found in the method of WO 93/19230 that the spun filaments have no uniform quality because not all of the filaments have been subjected to the cooling gas stream in the same way. The risk of sticking together is at any rate not satisfactorily reduced in the method of WO 98/19230.
To permit a uniform blowing of the continuously molded bodies immediately after their delivery from the extrusion orifices, the apparatus of WO 95/01470 employs a ring nozzle in which the extrusion orifices are distributed over a substantially circular surface. Blowing with a cooling gas stream takes place through the center of the ring nozzle and through the circular ring of the continuously molded bodies in radial direction horizontally to the outside. The air flow is here kept in a laminar state when exiting from the blowing means. The configuration of a laminar air flow is obviously considerably enhanced by the air guiding means indicated in the patent specification.
WO 95/04173 refers to a constructional development of the ring nozzle and the blowing means that is substantially based on the apparatus of WO 95/01470.
Although the solutions of WO 95/01470 and WO 95/05173 actually bring about a more uniform blowing operation, the ring arrangement of the continuously molded bodies leads to problems when the continuously molded bodies are passed through the precipitation bath: since the continuously molded bodies immerse as a circular ring into the precipitation bath and entrain the precipitation liquid in the precipitation bath, a region having insufficient supply of precipitation liquid is created in the area between the continuously molded bodies, which results in a compensating flow through the ring of the continuously molded bodies and in an agitated precipitation bath surface, which in turn entails the conglutination of the fibers. Moreover, it is also found with the solutions of WO 95/01470 and WO 95/04173 that it is very difficult to control the extrusion conditions that are essential to the mechanical and textile product characteristics and that prevail at the extrusion orifices.
As an alternative to the ring nozzle arrangements, segmented rectangular nozzle arrangements have been developed in the prior art, i.e. nozzles having the extrusion orifices arranged substantially in rows on a substantially rectangular base area. Such a segmented rectangular nozzle arrangement is outlined in WO 94/28218. In this apparatus, blowing is carried out with a cooling gas stream in a direction transverse to the extrusion direction, the cooling gas stream extending along the longer side of the rectangular nozzle arrangement. After passage through the continuously molded bodies the cooling gas stream is again sucked off in the apparatus of WO 94/28218. The suction is necessary so that the air current can be passed through the whole cross-section of the air gap.
The concept of rectangular nozzles with extrusion orifices arranged in rows has been developed further in WO 98/18983. It is the objective of WO 98/18983 that the extrusion orifices in one row are spaced apart differently than the rows of the extrusion orifices among one another.
Finally, WO 01/68958 describes a blowing operation in a direction substantially transverse to the direction of passage of the continuously molded bodies through the air gap with a different goal. Blowing by means of an air flow is not meant for cooling the continuously molded bodies, but for calming the precipitation bath surface of the precipitation bath in the area where the continuously molded bodies immerse into the precipitation bath and the spinning funnel, respectively: According to the teachings of WO 01/68985, the length of the air gap can be increased considerably when the blowing process becomes effective at the immersion points of the capillary bundles into the precipitation bath so as to calm the movement of the spinning bath surface. It is assumed that the strong bath turbulence that is typical of spinning funnels is reduced by performing a calming blowing operation on the spinning bath surface in that a liquid transport through the spun filaments is induced by the blowing process on the precipitation bath surface. To this end just a weak air flow is provided according to the teachings of WO 01/68958. It is essential in the teachings of WO 01/68958 that the blowing operation is performed shortly before the entry of the continuously molded bodies into the spinning bath surface. However, at the velocities of the air flow indicated in WO 01/68958 and at the location where the air flow is used for calming the spinning bath, no cooling effects can be achieved any more in the continuously molded bodies.
Thus, in the apparatus of WO 01/68958, in addition to the blowing operation described therein, which is performed shortly before the entry of the continuously molded bodies into the spinning bath surface, a cooling of the spun filaments near the extrusion orifices is also needed, as is known from the prior art. The additionally required and necessary cooling, however, results in a very expensive system.
In the light of the drawbacks of the solutions known from the prior art, it is the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method which allow, at only a small constructional effort, a combination of large air gap lengths and a high spinning density at a high spinning stability.
According to the invention this object is achieved for a spinning apparatus as indicated at the outset by a cooling gas stream that is at least turbulent at the exit from the blowing means.
So far it has probably been assumed in the prior art that cooling of lyocell type spun filaments can only be performed by way of a laminar cooling air flow because a laminar cooling gas stream produces a smaller surface friction on the continuously molded bodies than a turbulent flow and the continuously molded bodies are thus subjected to a reduced mechanical load.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that, in the case of a cooling gas stream exiting in a turbulent state and at a high velocity from the blowing device and having the same cooling capacity as a laminar cooling gas stream, considerably smaller amounts of blowing air seem to be needed than has been initially assumed. Due to the reduced amount of blowing gas, which is preferably achieved by virtue of small cross-sections of the gas stream, the surface friction on the continuously molded bodies can be kept small despite a turbulent blowing, so that the spinning process is not negatively affected.
The positive effect of the turbulent cooling gas stream is all the more astonishing as according to general fluid mechanics an improved cooling effect in the case of a turbulent flow would have had to be expected only at a small number of rows. To operate the spinning process in a economically efficient way at a high hole density, a multitude of rows must be provided so that according to fluid mechanics only a fraction of the continuously molded bodies should actually profit from the improved heat exchange conditions. Nevertheless, the use of a turbulent cooling gas stream yielded improved spinning characteristics also in the last rows most distant from the cooling gas stream.
Furthermore, one would have expected in the case of a blowing process performed with a turbulent cooling gas stream at a high velocity that due to the high velocities the spun filaments would be blown off and would thus stick together. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that the spun filaments are not impaired, but quite to the contrary the gas demand can be reduced drastically when small turbulent gas streams are used, and the risk of sticking is very small. Fiber titers of less than 0.6 dtex can be spun without any problems with turbulent cooling gas streams. The aspect of the turbulent gas stream cooling operation is advantageous per se, i.e. independently of the remaining developments according to the invention.
A Reynolds number formed with the width of the cooling g as stream in the direction of passage and the rate of the cooling gas stream can be at least 2,500, preferably at least 3,000, according to one development of the invention.
The velocity of the cooling gas stream is at least 30 m/s, and excellent results were achieved in first tests at flow rates of at least 40 m/s, and even better results at flow rates of more than 50 m/s.
To penetrate a multitude of filament rows, it is very important that the cooling stream be guided to and through the filament bundles in an energy intensive way. To meet this requirement, a blowing means must be designed for producing the cooling gas stream such that the specific blow force is high on the one hand and that the distribution of the individual cooling flows produced by the blowing means meets the demands made on the filament bundles to be cooled on the other hand.
According to another advantageous development, the distribution of the individual cooling flows is meant to yield a substantially planar jet pattern (flat jet), the width of the substantially planar jet being required to have at least the width of the filament curtain to be cooled. Preferably, the planar jet pattern distribution can also be formed by adjacently arranged individual round, oval, rectangular or other polygonal jets; several rows arranged one on top of the other are also possible according to the invention for forming a planar jet pattern distribution.
The specific blowing force is determined as follows: A nozzle for producing the cooling gas stream with a rectangular (flat) jet pattern distribution and a maximum width of 250 mm is mounted in the blowing direction perpendicular to a baffle plate mounted on a weighing device with an area of 400×500 mm. The nozzle exit forming the exit of the cooling gas stream from the blowing means is spaced apart from the baffle plate at 50 mm. The nozzle is acted upon by compressed air having an overpressure of 1 bar and the force acting on the baffle plate is measured and divided by the width of the nozzle in millimeters. The resulting value is the specific blowing force of the nozzle with the unit [mN/mm].
In an advantageous development a nozzle has a specific blowing force of at least 5 to 10 mN/mm. With a blowing force of at least 10 mN/mm enhanced cooling effects can be achieved.
The rectangular nozzle may comprise several extrusion orifices arranged in rows, the rows being possibly staggered in the direction of the cooling gas stream. To achieve a considerable action of the cooling gas stream also in the rearmost row of the continuously molded bodies in the direction of the cooling gas stream, the number of the extrusion orifices in the rectangular nozzle may be greater in the row direction than in the direction of the cooling gas stream.
If rectangular nozzles are used the continuously molded bodies may in particular be deflected as a substantially planar curtain within the precipitation bath in the direction towards the precipitation bath surface, so that the continuously molded bodies can be bundled, i.e. the continuously molded bodies can be converged towards an imaginary point, outside the precipitation bath.
According to a further advantageous configuration the air gap comprises a shielding zone immediately after extrusion and a cooling area separated from the extrusion orifices by the shielding zone, the cooling area being defined by the gas stream acting as the cooling gas stream. Thus, the cooling area is that area in which the cooling gas stream impinges on the continuously molded bodies and cools the same.
Surprisingly, in particular in combination with the turbulent cooling gas stream, this configuration results in a higher spinning density and in a longer air gap than in conventional apparatus in which the cooling area directly reaches the extrusion orifices and a shielding zone does not exist.
It seems as if the shielding zone, i.e. the spacing of the cooling gas stream boundary from the extrusion orifices, prevents a cooling of the extrusion orifices and thus a negative effect on the extrusion process at the extrusion orifices, which process is extremely important for the development of the mechanical and textile properties. Hence, with the design according to the invention, the extrusion process can be carried out with parameters which can be exactly defined and exactly observed, in particular with an exact temperature control of the molding material up to the extrusion orifices.
One reason for the surprising effect of the solution according to the invention could be that the continuously molded bodies expand in an area-immediately following extrusion. The tensile force which effects the stretching of the continuously molded bodies only begins to become effective behind said expansion zone. In the expansion zone itself, the continuously molded bodies have no orientation yet and are largely anisotropic. The shielding zone obviously avoids an action of the cooling gas stream in the anisotropic expansion zone, which action is detrimental to the characteristics of the fibers. In the case of the solution according to the invention the cooling action seems to take place when the tensile force acts on the continuously molded bodies and effects a gradual molecular alignment of the continuously molded bodies.
To prevent the surface of the precipitation bath from being agitated by the cooling gas stream, it is provided according to one particularly advantageous configuration of the apparatus that, in addition to the first shielding zone, the air gap comprises a second shielding zone by which the cooling area is separated from the surface of the precipitation bath. The second shielding zone prevents the cooling gas stream from contacting the precipitation bath surface in the immersion area of the filament bundles contacts and from producing waves that could mechanically stress the continuously molded bodies upon their entry into the precipitation bath surface. The second shielding zone is particularly useful when the cooling gas stream has a high velocity.
The quality of the continuously molded bodies produced can surprisingly be improved according to a further advantageous configuration if the inclination of the cooling gas stream in the direction passage or extrusion is greater than the expansion of the cooling gas stream in the flow direction. In this embodiment, the cooling gas stream at each point in the area of the continuously molded bodies has a flow component which is oriented in the direction of passage and supports the stretching operation in the air gap.
A particularly, good shielding or insulation of the extrusion process against the effect of the cooling gas stream is achieved when the distance of the cooling area from each extrusion orifice is at least 10 mm. At this distance even strong cooling gas streams can no longer act on the extrusion process in the extrusion orifices.
In particular the distance I of the cooling area from each extrusion orifice in millimeters according to a further advantageous embodiment satisfies the following (dimensionless) inequality:
I>H+A·[tan(β)−0.14]
where H is the distance of the upper edge of the cooling gas stream from the plane of the extrusion orifices to the exit of the cooling gas stream in millimeters. A is the distance between the exit of the cooling gas stream and the row of the continuously molded bodies that is the last one in the direction of flow, in millimeters, in a direction transverse to the direction of passage, in which the continuously molded bodies are passed through the air gap, normally the horizontal direction. The angle in degrees between the cooling jet direction and the direction transverse to the direction of passage is designated as β. The cooling gas stream direction is substantially defined by the central axis or, in the case of planar cooling streams, by the central plane of the cooling gas stream. When this dimensioning formula is observed, the spinning quality and the spinning stability can surprisingly be improved to a considerable degree.
The angle β may assume a value of up to 40°. Independently of the angle β the value H should be greater than 0 at any rate to avoid any influence on the extrusion process. The distance A may correspond at least to a thickness E of the curtain of the continuously molded bodies in a direction transverse to the direction of passage. The thickness E of the filament curtain is 40 mm at the most, preferably 30 mm at the most, even more preferably 25 mm at the most. The distance A may in particular be greater by 5 mm or, preferably by 10 mm, than the thickness E of the filament curtain.
Likewise, it has surprisingly been found that the spinning quality and the spinning stability are both increased if between the height L of the air gap in the direction of passage in millimeters, the distance I of the cooling area from the continuously molded bodies in the direction of passage in millimeters, the distance A between the exit of the cooling gas stream and the row of the continuously molded bodies that is the last one in the direction of flow, transversely to the direction of passage in millimeters, and the height B of the cooling gas stream in the direction of passage in millimeters, the following (dimensionless) relation is satisfied in the area of the air gap taken up by the continuously molded bodies:
L>I+0.28·A+B
The apparatus according to the invention is in particular suited for producing continuously molded bodies from a spinning solution which prior to its extrusion has a zero shear viscosity of at least 10000 Pas, preferably of at least 15000 Pas, at 85° C. measuring temperature. Owing to the adaptation of the viscosity of the molding material, which is generally carried out by selecting the pulp type and the concentration of cellulose and water in the spinning solution, a certain inherent or basic strength is imparted to the extrudate, so that stretching into molded bodies can be carried out. At the same time, the necessary viscosity range can be set by adding stabilizers and by guiding the reaction in the preparation of the solution.
The above-mentioned object underlying the invention is also achieved by a method for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide, the molding material being first extruded into continuously molded bodies, the continuously molded bodies being then guided through an air gap and stretched in the air gap and subjected to a cooling gas stream from a blowing means, and the continuously molded bodies being subsequently passed through a precipitation bath when the cooling gas stream is put into a turbulent flow state by the blowing means at least at the exit from the blowing means.
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of an apparatus according to the invention in a schematic overall view;
FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, in a schematic section taken along plane II-II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 1 for explaining geometrical parameters;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration for explaining the processes in a continuously molded body directly after extrusion.
First of all, the construction of an apparatus according to the invention shall be described with reference to FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus 1 for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material (not shown). The molding material may, in particular, be a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide. N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide may be used as the tertiary aminoxide. The zero shear viscosity of the molding material at about 85° C. is between 10000 and about 30000 Pas.
The apparatus 1 comprises an extrusion head 2 which is provided at its lower end with a substantially rectangular, fully drilled die plate 3 as the base. The die plate 3 has provided therein a multitude of extrusion orifices 4 that are arranged in rows. The number of rows shown in the figures is for illustration purposes only.
The molding material is heated and passed through the preferably heated extrusion orifices where a continuously molded body 5 is extruded through each extrusion orifice. As schematically shown in FIG. 1, each continuously molded body 5 is substantially in the form of a filament.
The continuously molded bodies 5 are extruded into an air gap 6 which is traversed by the bodies in a direction 7 of passage or extrusion. According to FIG. 1 the extrusion direction 7 may be oriented in the direction of gravity.
After having passed through the air gap 6, the continuously molded bodies 5 immerse as a substantially planar curtain into a precipitation bath 9 consisting of a precipitant, such as water. In the precipitation bath 9, there is a deflector 10 by which the planar curtain 8 is deflected from the extrusion direction into the direction of the precipitation bath surface as a curtain 11 and is guided to a bundling means 12 in this process. The planar curtain is combined or assembled by the bundling means 12 into a bundle of filaments 13. The bundling means 12 is arranged outside the precipitation bath 9.
As an alternative to the deflector 10, the continuously molded bodies may also be passed in the direction of passage 7 through the precipitation bath and exit through a spinning funnel (not shown) at the side opposite the precipitation bath surface 11, i.e., on the bottom side of the precipitation bath. This embodiment, however, is disadvantageous insofar as the consumption of precipitation bath liquid is high, turbulent flows are created in the spinning funnel and the separation of precipitation bath and fiber cable at the funnel exit poses problems.
In the area of the air gap 6 there is disposed a blowing means 14 from which a-cooling gas stream 15 exits having an axis 16 extending in a direction transverse to the direction of passage 7, or which comprises at least one main flow component in said direction. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 the cooling gas stream 15 is substantially planar.
The designation “planar gas flow” means a cooling gas stream whose height B in a direction transverse to the direction 16 of the gas flow is smaller, preferably much smaller, than width D of the gas flow in the direction of rows, and which is spaced apart from solid walls. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the direction of width D of the gas flow extends along the long edge 17 of the rectangular nozzle 3.
The two boundary areas 18 a and 18 b of the cooling gas stream 15, of which 18 a designates the upper boundary area facing the die plate 3 and 18 b designates the lower boundary area facing the precipitation bath surface 11, define a cooling area 19. Since the temperature of the planar gas stream 15 is lower than the temperature of the continuously molded bodies 5, which are still heated up by the extrusion process, an interaction between the planar gas stream 15 and the continuously molded bodies 5 and thus a cooling and solidification of the continuously molded bodies takes place in the cooling area.
The cooling area 19 is separated from the extrusion orifices 4 by a first shielding or insulation zone 20 in which there is no cooling of the continuously molded bodies 5. The cooling area 19 is separated from the precipitation bath surface 11 by a second shielding zone 21 in which there is also no cooling and/or no air movement.
The first shielding zone 20 has the function that the extrusion conditions directly prevailing at the extrusion orifices are as little affected as possible by the subsequent cooling operation by means of the cooling gas stream in the cooling area 19. By contrast, the second shielding zone 21 has the function to shield the precipitation bath surface 11 from the cooling gas stream and to keep it as calm as possible. One possibility of keeping the precipitation bath surface 11 calm consists in the feature that the air is kept as motionless as possible in the second shielding zone 21.
The blowing means 14 for producing the cooling gas stream 15 comprises a multi-duct nozzle with one or several rows, as is e.g. offered by the company Lechler GmbH in Metzingen, Germany. In this multi-duct nozzle, the cooling gas stream 15 is formed by a multitude of circular individual streams having a diameter between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably around 0.8 mm, which after a running path depending on their diameter and flow velocity are united to form a planar gas stream. The individual streams exit at a rate of at least 20 m/s, preferably at least 30 m/s. In particular, rates of more than 50 m/s are suited for producing turbulent cooling gas streams with a good spinning stability. The specific blowing force of a multi-duct nozzle of such a type should be at least 5 mN/mm, preferably at least 10 mN/mm. The Reynolds number is at least 2,500, and at least 3,500 at very high rates.
The thickness E of the curtain of continuously molded bodies 5, which is to be penetrated by the cooling gas stream, measured in a direction transverse to the direction of passage 7, is less than 40 mm in the embodiment of FIG. 1. Said thickness is substantially determined by a sufficient cooling effect being produced by the cooling gas stream in the cooling area 16 in the row 22 of the continuously molded bodies 5 that is the last one in gas flow direction 16. Depending on the temperature and velocity of the cooling gas stream and on the temperature and velocity of the extrusion process in the area of the extrusion orifices-4, thicknesses E of less than 30 mm or less than 25 mm are also possible.
FIG. 2 depicts a special embodiment of the spinning apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1. The same reference numerals are used in Fig. 2 for the elements of the apparatus 1 already described in FIG. 1. The embodiment is shown in a schematic section along plane II of FIG. 1, which forms the plane of symmetry in the direction of width D of the flow 15.
The dimensionless relation:
L>I+0.28·A+B
is applicable between the height I of the shielding zone 20 measured in the direction of flow 7 in millimeters, the height L of the air gap 6 measured in the direction of flow 7, the distance A from the exit of the cooling gas stream 15 from the blowing means-14 to the last row 22 of the continuously molded bodies 5 in millimeters, and the width B of the cooling gas stream 15 in a direction transverse to the cooling gas stream direction 16.
The distance A can here correspond at least to the thickness E of the curtain from continuously molded bodies 5, but may preferably be 5 mm or 10 mm greater than E. The sizes L, I, A, B are shown in FIG. 3.
When use is made of a cooling gas stream 15 having a round cross section, the diameter thereof can be taken instead of the width B of the cooling gas stream 15.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the direction 16 of the cooling gas stream 15 is inclined by an angle β relative to the vertical 23 towards the direction of inclination 7. The cooling gas stream 15 thereby has a velocity component which is oriented into the direction of passage 7.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the angle β is greater than the angle of propagation y of the cooling gas stream. Due to this dimensioning rule the boundary area 18 a between the gas flow 15 and the first shielding zone 20 extends in inclined fashion in the direction of passage 7. The angle β as shown in FIG. 2 may be up to 40°. At every location in the cooling area 19 the cooling gas stream 15 has a component oriented in the direction of passage 7.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, apart from the already indicated inequality for the air gap height L, the following inequality is always satisfied, by which the height I of the first shielding zone 20 in the direction of passage 7 is determined. The following inequality is applicable:
I>H+A·[tan(β)0.14]
where the size H represents the distance in the direction of passage 7 between the extrusion orifices 4 and the upper edge of the cooling gas stream 15 directly at the exit from the blowing means 14.
In particular, the height of the first shielding zone 20 should nowhere be smaller than 10 mm in the area of the extrusion orifices.
The height I of the shielding zone can be explained as follows with reference to FIG. 4, which describes one embodiment. FIG. 4 shows detail VI of FIG. 3, where a single continuously molded body 5 is just shown by way of example directly after having exited from an extrusion orifice 4 into the air gap 6.
As can be seen in FIG. 4, the continuously molded body 5 is expanded directly after extrusion in an expansion zone 24 before being narrowed again under the action of the tensile force to about the diameter of the extrusion orifice 4. The diameter of the continuously molded body in a direction transverse to the direction of passage 7 may be up to three times the diameter of the extrusion orifice.
In the expansion zone 24, the continuously molded body still shows a relatively strong anisotropy which is gradually reduced in the direction of passage 7 under the action of the tensile force acting on the continuously molded body.
In contrast to the blowing methods and apparatuses known from the prior art, the shielding zone 20 extends in the solution of the invention according to FIG. 4 at least over the expansion zone 24. This prevents the cooling gas stream 15 from acting on the expansion zone.
According to the invention it is intended that the first-shielding or protection zone 20 extends up to an area 25 in which the expansion of the continuously molded body 5 is either small or does not exist any more. As shown in FIG. 4, the area 25 in the direction of passage 7 is positioned behind the largest diameter of the expansion zone. Preferably, cooling area 19 and expansion zone 25 do not overlap, but directly follow one another.
The function of the spinning apparatus according to the invention and of the method according to the invention shall now be explained with reference to comparative examples.
In the illustrated examples and in the general table 1 there are indicated the spinning density, i.e. the number of extrusion orifices per square millimeter, the take-off rate at which the bundle of filaments 12 is withdrawn, in meter/second, the molding material temperature in degree Celsius, the heating temperature of the extrusion orifices in degree Celsius, the air gap height in millimeter, the Reynolds number, the velocity of the cooling gas stream directly at the exit from the blowing means in meter/second, the distance H in millimeters, the angle β in degrees, the spun fiber titer in dtex, the coefficient of variation in percent, the subjectively evaluated spinning behavior with marks between 1 and 5, the width of the cooling gas stream or—in the case of a round cooling gas stream the diameter thereof, as well as the amount of air standardized by the width of the cooling gas stream in liter/hour per mm nozzle width. With mark 1, the spinning behavior is rated to be good, with mark 5 to be poor.
The coefficient of variation was determined according to DIN EN 1973 with the test device Lenzing Instruments Vibroskop 300.
The Reynolds number as a measure of the turbulence of a gas stream was determined in accordance with the formula Re=w₀*B/v, where w₀is the exiting velocity of the gas from the nozzle in m/s, B is the blow gap width or the hole diameter of the blowing apparatus, in mm, and v is the kinematic viscosity of the gas. The kinematic viscosity v was assumed to be 153.5×10⁻⁷m²/s for air at a temperature of 20° C. When other gases or gas mixtures are produced for generating a cooling gas stream, the value of v can be adapted accordingly.
The general table 1 is a summary of the test results.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

An NMMNO spinning material consisting of 13% cellulose type MoDo Crown Dissolving-DP 510-550, 76% NMMNO and 11% water, was supplied at a temperature of 78° C., stabilized with gallic acid propylester, to an annular spinning nozzle having a ring diameter of about 200 mm. The spinning nozzle consisted of several drilled individual segments, each containing the extrusion orifices in the form of capillary bores. The extrusion orifices were heated to a temperature of 85° C.
The space between the precipitation bath surface and the extrusion orifices was formed by an air gap of about 5 mm height. The continuously molded bodies pass through the air gap-without being blown at. The continuously molded bodies coagulated in the spinning bath in which a spinning funnel was arranged below the extrusion orifices.
The ring-like bundle of continuously molded bodies was bundled in the spinning funnel by the exit surface thereof and guided out of the spinning funnel. The length of the spinning funnel in the direction of passage was about 500 mm.
The spinning behavior turned out to be very problematic because the spun fiber material was sticking together at many points. The poor conditions also became obvious from a strong variation of the fiber fineness, the variance of which was at more than 30% in this comparative example.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
In Comparative Example 2 a blowing operation directed from the outside to the inside was additionally carried out directly after extrusion without a first shielding zone under otherwise identical conditions. The blowing operation took place at a relatively low rate of about 6 m/s.
The blowing operation could increase the height of the air gap only insignificantly; the spinning quality and the spinning stability remained substantially unchanged in comparison with Comparative Example 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

The molding material used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was supplied in the Comparative Example 3 at a temperature of also 78° C. to a rectangular nozzle, which was composed of several drilled individual segments. The rectangular nozzle had three rows of extrusion orifices kept at a temperature of about 90° C.
Underneath the extrusion orifices there was a precipitation bath in which a deflector was mounted. An air gap of about 6 mm through which the continuously molded bodies passed as a curtain was formed between the precipitation bath surface and the extrusion orifices. A cooling blowing in parallel with the spinning bath surface was used for supporting the spinning operation.
The continuously molded bodies were coagulated in the precipitation bath where the curtain consisting of continuously molded bodies was deflected by the deflector and supplied obliquely upwards to a bundling means arranged outside the precipitation bath. The curtain of the continuously, molded bodies was united by the bundling means into a bundle of filaments and then passed on to further processing steps.
Comparative example 3 showed a slightly improved spinning behavior, but spinning flaws were observed time and again. The continuously molded bodies were sticking together in part; the fiber fineness varied considerably.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

In Comparative Example 4, a blowing means having a width B of 8 mm was mounted under otherwise identical conditions with respect to Comparative. Example 3 on a long side of the rectangular nozzle in such a way that the cooling area extended up to the extrusion orifices, i.e. there was no first shielding zone.
The cooling gas stream had a velocity of about 10 m/s when exiting from the blowing means.
In comparison with Comparative Example 3, the air gap could only be increased insignificantly in the arrangement of Comparative Example 4, the achieved spinning stability as well as the fiber data remained unchanged in comparison with the values of Comparative Example 3.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

Like in Comparative Example 4, a blowing means with a cooling gas stream width of 6 mm upon exit from the blowing means was mounted in this comparative example on a long side of the rectangular nozzle in such a way that the cooling area extended without an interposed shielding zone up to the extrusion orifices. In contrast to Comparative Example 4 a rectangular nozzle drilled all over its surface was used instead of a segmented rectangular nozzle.
The velocity of the cooling gas stream at the exit on the blowing means was about 12 m/s.
In Comparative Example 5 the air gap could be increased to about 20 mm and the spinning stability was improved considerably. As for the fiber data, however, no improvements were observed, especially since sticking occurred time and again.
In the following Comparative Examples 6 to 8, a cooling gas stream was produced by means of several multi-duct compressed-air nozzles arranged side by side in a row. The diameter of each compressed-air nozzle was about 0.8 mm. The exit velocity of the individual cooling gas streams from the blowing means was more than 50 m/s in Comparative. Examples 6 to 8. The individual cooling streams were turbulent. The gas supply of the nozzle was carried out with compressed-air of 1 bar overpressure; the gas stream was throttled by means of a valve for adapting the blowing velocity.
The spinning head comprised a rectangular nozzle of special steel that was drilled all over its surface. Otherwise, the spinning system of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 was used.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6

Like in Comparative Example 5, the multi-duct compressed-air nozzle was mounted in Comparative Example 6 in such a way that the cooling area extended directly to the extrusion orifices, i.e., there was no first shielding zone.
In this arrangement no improved results were observed; the spinning characteristics could not be rated as satisfactory.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 7

In this test the cooling gas stream was directed obliquely upwards in the direction of the nozzle and therefore had a component opposite to the direction of passage.
In Comparative Example 8 the spinning characteristics were not as good as in Comparative Example 7.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8

In comparison with Comparative Example 7 the cooling gas stream had a flow direction obliquely downwards towards the spinning bath surface. Thus the cooling gas stream had a velocity component in the direction of passage.
In the arrangement according to Comparative Example 8 the best results could be achieved. The coefficient of variation of the continuously molded bodies was clearly below 10%. The spinning characteristics were highly satisfactory and left some room for finer titers or higher take-off rates.

It should here be noted that in Comparative Examples 6, 7 to 9 the cooling area and the precipitation bath surface had arranged thereinbetween a second shielding zone in which the air was substantially stationary.

	GENERAL TABLE 1


	Example

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

Hole density		1.86	1.96	1.86	0.99	2.81	3.18	3.18	3.18
Take-off rate		40	30	30	32	34	31	35	40
Spinning material temperature		78	78	78	83	81	83	83	84
Nozzle heat temperature		85	85	80	100	98	100	100	102
Air gap	L		5	6	6	16	20	18	16	22
Reynolds number				782	5,211	4,690	3,388	3,648	3,908
Velocity at the cooling gas stream		—	—	6	10	12	65	70	75
exit
Distance between exit from blow-	A	—	—	35	23	22	32	32	32
ing means and last row of the
continuously molded bodies
Distance between the extrusion	H	—	—	0	0	0	0	10	10
orifices and the upper edge of the
cooling gas stream exit in the
direction of passage
Blowing angle	β	—	—	0	0	0	0	−10	20
Titer		1.72	1.66	1.74	1.55	1.4	1.47	1.35	1.33
Coefficient of variation of the titer		30.3	23.5	25.8	18.5	24.3	18.6	21.1	7.6
Spinning behavior		4-5	4	4-5	4	3	3-4	4	1-2
Cooling stream width/individual	B				2	8	6	0.8	0.8	0.8
bore diameter
Gas quantity per mm width				43	288	259	39	42	45

As for the values of the General Table 1, it must be assumed in the case of the indicated flow velocities that there was a turbulent cooling gas stream at the high flow velocities of Comparative Examples 6 to 8.

Claims

1. Apparatus for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, comprising a multitude of extrusion orifices through which during operation the molding material can be extruded into continuously molded bodies, a precipitation bath and an air gap arranged between the extrusion orifices and the precipitation bath, and a blowing means for producing a cooling gas streams, the continuously molded bodies being passed during operation in successive order through the air gap and the precipitation bath, and the cooling gas stream being directed in the area of the air gap to the continuously molded bodies, the cooling gas stream being turbulent at least at the exit from the blowing means.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas stream has a Reynolds number (Re) of at least 2,500 based on its width (B), measured substantially in the direction of passage of the continuously molded bodies through the air gap, and on its velocity in the direction of flow, and the viscosity (v) of the cooling flow medium.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the Reynolds number is at least 3,000.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the velocity of the cooling stream is at least 30 m/s.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the velocity of the cooling gas stream is at least 40 m/s.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the velocity of the cooling stream is at least 50 m/s.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the width of the cooling stream at the exit is not more than 2 mm.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the width of the cooling gas stream at the exit is not more than 1 mm.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the specific blowing force of the cooling gas stream is at least 5 mN/mm.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the specific blowing force of the cooling gas stream is at least 10 mN/mm.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas stream His turbulent in the area of the first row of continuously molded bodies on which it impinges.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air gap comprises a first shielding zone by which the cooling gas stream is separated from the extrusion orifices.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising apart from the first shielding zone, a second shielding zone through which the cooling area is separated from the precipitation bath surface.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the boundary area facing the extrusion orifices and located between the cooling area and the first shielding zone extends substantially in parallel with a plane in which the extrusion orifices are positioned on average.

15. The apparatus according claim 1, wherein the extrusion orifices are arranged on a substantially rectangular base in rows in a direction transverse to the direction of the cooling gas stream.

16. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the number of the extrusion orifices in row direction is greater than in the cooling gas stream direction.

17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the precipitation bath has disposed therein a deflector by which during operation the continuously molded bodies are deflected as a substantially planar curtain to the precipitation bath surface, and that outside of the precipitation bath there is provided a bundling means by which during operation the continuously molded bodies are united to form a fiber bundle.

18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the width (D) of the cooling gas stream in a direction transverse to the direction of the passage of the continuously molded bodies through the air gap is larger that the height (B) of the cooling gas stream in the direction of passage.

19. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas stream (is composed of a plurality of individual cooling gas streams.

20. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the individual cooling gas streams are arranged side by side in row direction.

21. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas stream is designed as a turbulent air flow in the area where the continuously molded bodies Fare passed through the air gap.

22. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling gas stream a velocity component oriented into the direction of passages.

23. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the molding material prior to its extrusion has a zero shear viscosity of at least 10000 Pas, at 85° C.

24. The apparatus according claim 1, wherein the distance of the cooling area from extrusion orifice in the direction of passage is at least 2 mm each time.

25. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance I of the cooling area in the direction of passage from each extrusion orifice in millimeters satisfies the following inequality:

I>H+A·[tan(β)−0.14]

where H is the distance of the upper edge of the cooling gas stream in the direction of passage from the plane of the extrusion orifices at the exit from the blowing means in millimeters, A is the distance in a direction transverse to the direction of passage between the exit of the cooling gas stream of the blowing means in millimeters and the row of the continuously molded bodies that is the last one in flow direction, in millimeters, and β is the angle in degrees between the cooling gas stream direction and the direction transverse to the direction of passage.

26. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the height L of the air gap in the direction of passage in millimeters satisfies the following inequality:

L>I+0.28·A+B

where I is the distance of the cooling area from the extrusion orifices in the area where the continuously molded bodies are passed through the air gap, A is the distance in a direction transverse to the direction passage between the exit of the cooling gas stream from the blowing means and the row of the continuously molded bodies that is the last one in flow direction, in millimeters, and B is the height of the cooling gas stream in a direction transverse to the cooling gas stream direction 1 in the direction of passage at the exit of the cooling gas stream from the blowing means.

27. A method for producing continuously molded bodies from a molding material, such as a spinning solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide, the molding material being first extruded to obtain continuously molded bodies, the continuously molded bodies being then passed through and air gap and stretched in said air gap and exposed to a cooling gas stream from a blowing means, and the continuously molded bodies being then guided through a precipitation bath, wherein the cooling gas stream (is put into a turbulent flow state by the blowing means at least at the exit from the blowing means.