US20060252987A1 - Capsule endoscope apparatus - Google Patents
Capsule endoscope apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US20060252987A1 US20060252987A1 US11/485,563 US48556306A US2006252987A1 US 20060252987 A1 US20060252987 A1 US 20060252987A1 US 48556306 A US48556306 A US 48556306A US 2006252987 A1 US2006252987 A1 US 2006252987A1
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- image capturing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00004—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing
- A61B1/00009—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by electronic signal processing of image signals during a use of endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00011—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission
- A61B1/00016—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission using wireless means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/273—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/31—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the rectum, e.g. proctoscopes, sigmoidoscopes, colonoscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
- A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
- A61B5/073—Intestinal transmitters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
- A61B5/6805—Vests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00025—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by power management
- A61B1/00036—Means for power saving, e.g. sleeping mode
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0456—Apparatus provided with a docking unit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capsule endoscope apparatus comprising an ingestible capsule unit and an extracorporeal unit for receiving biological information transmitted from the capsule unit.
- capsule endoscope apparatuses for conducting an examination and the like in a body cavity with an ingested capsule type unit have been proposed.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-111985 discloses an apparatus including a spherical capsule divided in two having communication means for transmitting biological information to an extracorporeal device.
- PCT Publication No. WO 01/87377 A2 discloses a capsule endoscope apparatus for detecting the motion (rate) of a capsule unit through an acceleration sensor or the like disposed in the capsule unit to control a capture rate or a display rate on the basis of a detected value.
- the present invention provides a capsule endoscope apparatus including an image capturing unit for capturing an image in a body to transmit the image by radio and a receiving unit for receiving the image transmitted by radio from the image capturing unit to record the image, the apparatus further including: an estimating unit for receiving a signal transmitted by radio from the image capturing unit through each of a plurality of antennas arranged at different positions outside the body to estimate at least one of the position and orientation of the image capturing unit on the basis of the signals received through the antennas; and a control unit for controlling image capture by the image capturing unit using information regarding at least one of the position and orientation estimated by the estimating unit.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B include explanatory diagrams showing the structure of a capsule endoscope apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention and that of an extracorporeal device, such as an extracorporeal terminal, FIG. 1A being the explanatory diagram showing the capsule endoscope apparatus, FIG. 1B being the explanatory diagram showing the structure of the extracorporeal device, such as an extracorporeal terminal.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of a capsule endoscope shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining signals transmitted from the antenna of the capsule endoscope of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a first diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 7 is a second diagram explaining the process by the signal processing circuit in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process executed by a signal processing circuit in an external device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a first diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process of FIG. 12 .
- FIG. 14 is a second diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process of FIG. 12 .
- the image information transmitted from the capsule endoscope 3 and received by the external device 5 , is recorded on portable memory means, e.g., a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory, which will be described later, installed in the external device 5 during the examination of the body cavity.
- portable memory means e.g., a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory, which will be described later, installed in the external device 5 during the examination of the body cavity.
- the image information is downloaded into a terminal 7 , e.g., a personal computer, through a USB cable or the like (not shown).
- placing the external device 5 on a cradle 6 electrically connects the external device 5 to the terminal 7 .
- the antenna unit 4 including a plurality of antennas 11 is attached to a jacket 10 that the patient 2 wears.
- the antenna unit 4 receives signals, which are obtained by image capture through the capsule endoscope 3 and are transmitted from an antenna 23 (refer to FIG. 2 ) built in the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the external device 5 connected to the antenna unit 4 , can store captured images.
- the external device 5 is attached to, e.g., a belt of the patient 2 through a hook detachable from the belt.
- the antenna unit 4 may be stuck directly on the patient's body.
- the capsule endoscope 3 includes an outer housing 14 shaped in a cylinder, whose rear end is closed, and a substantially semispherical, i.e., domed cover 14 a connected to the front end of the cylinder with an adhesive to provide a capsule structure. Accordingly, the capsule endoscope 3 has a watertight structure.
- a processing circuit 19 for driving the white LEDs 18 to emit light and driving the CCD imager 17 to execute a process of generating image signals from signals captured by the CCD imager 17 , a communication processing circuit 20 for transmitting the image signals, and button batteries 21 for supplying power to the circuits 19 and 20 are arranged on, e.g., the rear of the CCD imager 17 within the outer housing 14 .
- the antenna 23 for transmitting and receiving radio waves is arranged so as to connect to the communication processing circuit 20 .
- the CCD imager 17 , the white LEDs 18 , and the circuits are mounted on respective substrates (not shown) and the substrates are connected via a flexible substrate.
- the processing circuit 19 outputs an image signal and a signal indicative of a signal strength which are shown in FIG. 5 .
- the communication processing circuit 20 transmits the signals at a predetermined radio-field intensity through the antenna 23 to the external device 5 .
- a transmitting and receiving circuit 33 receives the signals through each of the antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . . , 11 d Y, and 11 d Z of the antenna unit 4 .
- the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 supplies the image signals and the strength signals to a signal processing circuit 35 .
- the signal processing circuit 35 compares the strengths of the strength signals received through the respective antennas 11 ij . Consequently, the signal processing circuit 35 detects the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal transmitted from the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the signal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal received through the most suitable antenna to memory means 47 , such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to the signal processing circuit 35 to store the image signal.
- the signal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal received through the most suitable antenna to the liquid crystal monitor 12 connected to the signal processing circuit 35 to display an image captured through the capsule endoscope.
- the signal processing circuit 35 includes a CPU and a memory, which are not shown.
- a program for estimating the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 on the basis of the strength signals received through the antennas 11 ij is installed in the signal processing circuit 35 .
- the position and orientation thereof can be estimated using a method for solving a plurality of nonlinear equations disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-325810.
- the signal processing circuit 35 obtains 12 nonlinear equations, in which the positions and orientations of the single-core coils arranged in the capsule endoscope 3 are unknown, from the strength levels of the strength signals received through the antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . .
- the 12 nonlinear equations are solved by iterative refinement, e.g., the Gauss-Newton method, whereby the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 is estimated.
- the estimated position and orientation are represented by coordinate values with respect to the antenna unit 4 in FIG. 3 .
- the coordinate values are stored together with the image signal in the memory means 47 . It is, however, unnecessary to estimate both of the position and the direction. Either of them may be estimated.
- Di ⁇ ( Xi ⁇ 1 ⁇ Xi ) 2 +( Yi ⁇ 1 ⁇ Yi ) 2 +( Zi ⁇ 1 Zi ) 2 ⁇ 1/2 (1)
- the CPU obtains the image-capture timing Ti[s].
- the signal processing circuit 35 supplies a signal indicating the obtained image-capture timing to the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 .
- the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 transmits the signal to the capsule endoscope 3 through the proper antenna 11 ij (i.e., transmits the signal indicating the image-capture timing through the above-described determined antenna most suitable to receive the image signal).
- the antenna 23 receives the signal indicating the image-capture timing transmitted from the antenna 11 ij connected to the external device 5 ′.
- the received signal is supplied to the processing circuit 19 via the communication processing circuit 20 .
- the processing circuit 19 supplies a signal to control image capture to the CCD imager 17 in response to the supplied signal indicating the image-capture timing.
- the single-core coil for generating a magnetic field is arranged in the capsule endoscope 3 and the generated magnetic field is detected by the plurality of coils disposed outside the body, so that the accurate distance that the capsule endoscope 3 has traveled can be obtained. Since the image-capture timing of the CCD imager 17 can be changed on the basis of the accurate distance in the present embodiment, a user can efficiently confirm a diagnosis using images.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the structure of an apparatus according to the second embodiment is identical to that according to the first embodiment with the exception that a program, installed in a CPU of an external device 5 in the second embodiment, for obtaining image-capture timing Ti[s] differs from that of the first embodiment.
- the image-capture timing Ti[s] to be transmitted as a signal to a capsule endoscope 3 is derived from a predicted distance that the capsule endoscope 3 will travel.
- a polynomial P(t) of degree n ⁇ 1 is expressed as follows.
- P ( t ) a 0 +a 1 t+a 2 t 2 + . . . +an ⁇ 1 t n ⁇ 1 (3)
- the coefficients with respect to the X direction can be determined by solving the three simultaneous equations. Let t denote time obtained from image-capture timing.
- a predicted position P ⁇ i+1 of the capsule endoscope 3 shown in FIG. 8 can be calculated by the following Expression (the predicted position P+1 is a position after time t 3 ).
- X ⁇ i+ 1( t 3) aX 0 +aX 1 t 3 +aX 2 t 3 2
- Y ⁇ i+ 1( t 3) aY 0 +aY 1 t 3 +aY 2 t 3 2
- Z ⁇ i+ 1( t 3) aZ 0 +aZ 1 t 3 +aZ 2 t 3 2 (5)
- the predicted position of the capsule endoscope 3 is obtained using Expression (5).
- a predicted distance D ⁇ +1 shown in FIG. 8 is calculated using Expression (1).
- the external device 5 transmits a signal indicating the obtained image-capture timing to the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the capsule endoscope 3 generates a control signal for a CCD imager 17 to change the image-capture timing.
- the predicted position of the capsule endoscope 3 is obtained using a second degree polynomial.
- the position of the capsule endoscope 3 can be predicted more accurately.
- the position of the capsule endoscope 3 may be predicted using a spline function.
- the position of the capsule endoscope 3 is predicted, whereby image-capture timing at the predicted position can be accurately set.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the position and orientation of a capsule endoscope 3 can be estimated on the basis of strength signals received through antennas 11 ij .
- the orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 may not coincide with the moving direction thereof.
- Vi and Vi ⁇ 1 denote the orientations at the respective positions.
- Image-capture timing of a CCD imager 17 in the capsule endoscope 3 is set to a higher rate.
- a processing circuit 19 in the capsule endoscope 3 includes a calculation function realized by, e.g., a CPU 50 and a memory 51 as shown in FIG. 10 .
- the processing circuit 19 includes the calculation function realized by the CPU 50 and the memory 51 and permits the capsule endoscope 3 to execute a program therein.
- the program is executed in the CPU and the memory included in the signal processing circuit 35 of the external device 5 .
- the capsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown in FIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through an antenna 23 through a communication processing circuit 20 .
- a transmitting and receiving circuit 33 receives the signals through each of antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . . , 11 d Y, and 11 d Z of an antenna unit 4 .
- the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 supplies the image signals and the strength signals to a signal processing circuit 35 to store the signals in memory means 47 , such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to the signal processing circuit 35 .
- the signal processing circuit 35 supplies the strength signals received through the respective antennas 11 ij to the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 .
- the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 transmits the strength signal to the capsule endoscope 3 through the proper one of the antenna 11 ij .
- the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal may be detected and, after that, the strength signal may be transmitted.
- the capsule endoscope 3 receives the strength signal associated with the antenna 11 ij transmitted from the external device 5 through the antenna 23 and the communication processing circuit 20 and supplies the received signal to the processing circuit 19 .
- the program for estimating the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 using the strength signal received through the antenna 11 ij connected to the external device 5 is installed on the CPU 50 and the memory 51 in the processing circuit 19 of the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the CPU 50 utilizes the method for solving a plurality of nonlinear equations to estimate the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 , thus obtaining image-capture timing of a CCD imager 17 on the basis of the estimated position and orientation.
- the CPU 50 transmits data regarding the obtained image-capture timing to the processing circuit 19 .
- the processing circuit 19 generates a control signal to control image capture by the CCD imager 17 , thus controlling image capture by the CCD imager.
- processes by the external device 5 can be distributed since a distance that the capsule endoscope 3 travels can be calculated in the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the structure of an apparatus according to a fifth embodiment is the same as that according to the fourth embodiment with the exception that an antenna 23 disposed in a capsule endoscope 3 detects a magnetic field generated by an antenna 11 ij extracorporeally arranged.
- a transmitting and receiving circuit 33 of an external device 5 generates a signal to permit antennas 11 ij to generate magnetic fields having different frequencies.
- the antennas 11 ij generate respective magnetic fields having different frequencies.
- the antenna 23 receives the generated magnetic fields.
- the antenna 23 receives a signal obtained by combining signals having different strengths and frequencies.
- the received signal is subjected to band-pass filtering and gain adjustment through a communication processing circuit 20 and is then supplied to a processing circuit 19 .
- the received signal supplied to the processing circuit 19 is digitized and is then stored in a memory 51 connected to a CPU 50 .
- the CPU 50 performs frequency extraction (Fourier transform: FET) on the received signal stored in the memory 51 to obtain signal strengths corresponding to the magnetic fields generated by the respective antennas 11 ij.
- FET frequency extraction
- a program for estimating the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 as described in the fourth embodiment is installed on the capsule endoscope 3 . Accordingly, the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 are estimated using signal strengths corresponding to the respective antennas 11 ij . A distance is calculated using the estimated position and orientation, whereby image-capture timing of a CCD imager 17 is obtained. Data regarding the obtained image-capture timing is transmitted to the processing circuit 19 . The processing circuit 19 generates a control signal to control image capture by the CCD imager 17 , thus controlling image capture by the CCD imager 17 .
- the communication processing circuit 20 converts information regarding the position and orientation obtained by the CPU 50 and a captured image signal into a signal that can be transmitted from the antenna 23 .
- the antenna 23 transmits the signal.
- the signal transmitted from the antenna 23 is supplied to the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 through the antennas 11 ij connected to the external device 5 .
- a signal processing circuit 35 converts the signal into a signal that can be stored in memory means 47 .
- the memory means 47 stores the signal.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process by a signal processing circuit of an external device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the capsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown in FIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through an antenna 23 .
- a transmitting and receiving circuit 33 receives the signals through each of antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . . , 11 d Y, and 11 d Z of an antenna unit 4 .
- step S 106 it is determined whether the capsule endoscope 3 is discharged from the body. If the capsule endoscope 3 exists in the body, the process proceeds to step S 107 , in which the variable i is incremented. When the capsule endoscope 3 is discharged from the body, the process proceeds to step S 116 , thus terminating the program.
- step S 107 the process proceeds to step S 103 , in which the next image signal and strength signal are given to the program. If it is determined in step S 104 that the variable i is larger than 0, the process proceeds to step S 108 .
- 12 nonlinear equations in which the position and orientation of a single-core coil arranged in the capsule endoscope 3 are unknown, are obtained using the signal strengths of the strength signals received through the antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . . , 11 d Y, and 11 d Z.
- the 12 nonlinear equations are solved by iterative refinement, e.g., the Gauss-Newton method, whereby the position and orientation of the capsule endoscope 3 are estimated.
- step S 109 a distance Di is calculated using Expression (1).
- step S 110 recording timing Ti[s] is calculated using Expression (2). If it is determined in step S 111 that the variable j is equal to the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S 112 , in which the image signal and strength signal are recorded on the memory means 47 . The process then proceeds to step S 113 , in which an image recording interval is obtained from the recording timing Ti[s].
- step S 114 the variable j is initialized.
- step S 106 whether the capsule endoscope 3 exists in the body is determined.
- step S 111 If it is determined in step S 111 that the variable j is different from the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S 115 , in which the variable j is incremented.
- the image recording interval is obtained.
- Each image, which is not to be recorded may be recorded with information regarding the position and orientation by compressing image data or reducing the size of the image or converting the data into information, such as an icon.
- the recording interval is set to five frames
- four frame images, which are not to be recorded may be recorded on the memory means 47 together with information regarding the position and orientation such that the size of each image is reduced.
- a distance that the capsule endoscope has traveled in the body is obtained with accuracy and images are recorded.
- a user can efficiently confirm a diagnosis using the images.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 relate to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process by a terminal.
- FIG. 13 is a first diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process of FIG. 12 .
- FIG. 14 is a second diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process of FIG. 12 .
- the seventh embodiment is substantially identical to the first embodiment, only the difference therebetween will now be described.
- the same components are designated by the same reference numerals and a description of the previously described components is omitted.
- a capsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown in FIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through an antenna 23 .
- a transmitting and receiving circuit 33 receives the signals through each of antennas 11 ax , 11 a Y, . . . , 11 d Y, and 11 d Z of an antenna unit 4 .
- the transmitting and receiving circuit 33 supplies the image signals and strength signals to a signal processing circuit 35 .
- the signal processing circuit 35 compares strength levels of the strength signals received through the respective antennas 11 ij . Consequently, the signal processing circuit 35 detects the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal transmitted from the capsule endoscope 3 .
- the signal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal obtained through the most suitable antenna and the strength signals received through the respective antennas 11 ij to memory means 47 , such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to the signal processing circuit 35 to store the signals.
- CF memory Compact Flash
- the image signals and strength signals recorded on the memory means 47 of the external device 5 are transferred to recording means in a terminal 7 .
- the terminal 7 includes a CPU and a memory, which are not shown, whereby application software for displaying images is executed through a user interface, such as a keyboard or a mouse, connected to the terminal 7 .
- a user interface such as a keyboard or a mouse
- step S 201 a program corresponding to the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 starts from step S 201 .
- step S 203 an image signal and a strength signal of any antenna 11 ij are read from the recording means and are then given to the program. If it is determined in step S 204 that the variable i is smaller than 1, the image signal is displayed on display means, such as a monitor, in step S 205 .
- step S 209 a distance Di is calculated using Expression (1).
- step S 210 display timing Ti[s] is calculated using Expression (2). If it is determined in step S 211 that the variable j is equal to the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S 212 , in which the corresponding image is displayed on the display means, such as a monitor. The process then proceeds to step S 213 , in which an image display interval is obtained on the basis of the display timing Ti[s].
- step S 214 the variable j is initialized.
- step S 206 it is determined whether all of the image signals and strength signals have already been read.
- an image may not be displayed as a moving picture depending on display timing.
- an image, which is not displayed as a moving picture may be displayed in an area 101 separated from a moving picture display area 100 .
- images may be reduced or be displayed in a different form, e.g., as icons.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation application of PCT/JP2005/000342 filed on Jan. 14, 2005 and claims benefit of Japanese Application No. 2004-007379 filed in Japan on Jan. 14, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by this reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a capsule endoscope apparatus comprising an ingestible capsule unit and an extracorporeal unit for receiving biological information transmitted from the capsule unit.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In recent years, capsule endoscope apparatuses for conducting an examination and the like in a body cavity with an ingested capsule type unit have been proposed.
- For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 7-111985 discloses an apparatus including a spherical capsule divided in two having communication means for transmitting biological information to an extracorporeal device.
- PCT Publication No. WO 01/87377 A2 discloses a capsule endoscope apparatus for detecting the motion (rate) of a capsule unit through an acceleration sensor or the like disposed in the capsule unit to control a capture rate or a display rate on the basis of a detected value.
- The present invention provides a capsule endoscope apparatus including an image capturing unit for capturing an image in a body to transmit the image by radio and a receiving unit for receiving the image transmitted by radio from the image capturing unit to record the image, the apparatus further including: an estimating unit for receiving a signal transmitted by radio from the image capturing unit through each of a plurality of antennas arranged at different positions outside the body to estimate at least one of the position and orientation of the image capturing unit on the basis of the signals received through the antennas; and a control unit for controlling image capture by the image capturing unit using information regarding at least one of the position and orientation estimated by the estimating unit.
-
FIG. 1A andFIG. 1B include explanatory diagrams showing the structure of a capsule endoscope apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention and that of an extracorporeal device, such as an extracorporeal terminal,FIG. 1A being the explanatory diagram showing the capsule endoscope apparatus,FIG. 1B being the explanatory diagram showing the structure of the extracorporeal device, such as an extracorporeal terminal. -
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of a capsule endoscope shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing single-core coils serving as antennas of an antenna unit inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a signal transmitting and receiving function for an antenna of the capsule endoscope ofFIG. 2 and that for the antennas of the antenna unit inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining signals transmitted from the antenna of the capsule endoscope ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 6 is a first diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit inFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 7 is a second diagram explaining the process by the signal processing circuit inFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the structure of an image capturing circuit of acapsule endoscope 3 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process executed by a signal processing circuit in an external device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process performed by a terminal according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 13 is a first diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process ofFIG. 12 . -
FIG. 14 is a second diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process ofFIG. 12 . - Embodiments of the present invention will now be described below with reference to the drawings.
- Structure
-
FIG. 1A is an explanatory diagram showing the entire structure of acapsule endoscope apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. Referring toFIG. 1A , thecapsule endoscope apparatus 1 includes acapsule endoscope 3, ingested by apatient 2, for examining a patient's body cavity and anexternal device 5 disposed outside the body of thepatient 2, theexternal device 5 serving as a receiver connected to anantenna unit 4 for receiving image information captured by thecapsule endoscope 3 by radio. - According to the present embodiment, the image information, transmitted from the
capsule endoscope 3 and received by theexternal device 5, is recorded on portable memory means, e.g., a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory, which will be described later, installed in theexternal device 5 during the examination of the body cavity. Alternatively, the image information is downloaded into aterminal 7, e.g., a personal computer, through a USB cable or the like (not shown). In addition, placing theexternal device 5 on a cradle 6 electrically connects theexternal device 5 to theterminal 7. - When viewer software for observation is executed in the
terminal 7 shown inFIG. 1B , the image information stored in theexternal device 5 can be downloaded into aterminal body 9 by operating an input control device, such as akeyboard 8 a or amouse 8 b, whereby downloaded images can be displayed on amonitor 8 c. - As shown in
FIG. 1A , in a case where thepatient 2 swallows thecapsule endoscope 3 for endoscopy, theantenna unit 4 including a plurality ofantennas 11 is attached to ajacket 10 that thepatient 2 wears. Theantenna unit 4 receives signals, which are obtained by image capture through thecapsule endoscope 3 and are transmitted from an antenna 23 (refer toFIG. 2 ) built in thecapsule endoscope 3. Theexternal device 5, connected to theantenna unit 4, can store captured images. Theexternal device 5 is attached to, e.g., a belt of thepatient 2 through a hook detachable from the belt. Theantenna unit 4 may be stuck directly on the patient's body. - In the
antenna unit 4, eachantenna 11 includes single-core coils different in position and orientation. For example, single-core coils 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ aligned with the coordinate axes representing X, Y, and Z coordinates as shown inFIG. 3 are available. - The
external device 5 has, e.g., a box shape. The front face thereof incorporates aliquid crystal monitor 12 for image display and anoperation section 13 for instructions and operations. - Alternatively, the
external device 5 may include an LED for alarm display and a power switch alone, the alarm display being concerned with the remaining amount of a battery, the power switch serving as theoperation section 13. In this case, a portable display (viewer), which is not shown, for processing image signals transmitted from thecapsule endoscope 3 to display images on a liquid crystal monitor equipped therewith may be connected as a second external device to theexternal device 5. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , thecapsule endoscope 3 includes anouter housing 14 shaped in a cylinder, whose rear end is closed, and a substantially semispherical, i.e., domed cover 14 a connected to the front end of the cylinder with an adhesive to provide a capsule structure. Accordingly, thecapsule endoscope 3 has a watertight structure. - In the domed cover 14 a that is transparent, an
objective lens 15 for forming an image of incident light received through the domed cover 14 a is attached to alens frame 16 such that theobjective lens 15 is positioned in the center of the section of the cylinder. An image capturing element, e.g., aCCD imager 17 is disposed in the image forming position of theobjective lens 15. - As an illumination system, e.g., four
white LEDs 18 are arranged around theobjective lens 15 on the same plane. - In addition, a
processing circuit 19 for driving thewhite LEDs 18 to emit light and driving theCCD imager 17 to execute a process of generating image signals from signals captured by theCCD imager 17, acommunication processing circuit 20 for transmitting the image signals, andbutton batteries 21 for supplying power to thecircuits CCD imager 17 within theouter housing 14. - On the rear of the
button batteries 21, i.e., in the other semispherical end, theantenna 23 for transmitting and receiving radio waves is arranged so as to connect to thecommunication processing circuit 20. TheCCD imager 17, thewhite LEDs 18, and the circuits are mounted on respective substrates (not shown) and the substrates are connected via a flexible substrate. - In the
capsule endoscope 3, theprocessing circuit 19 generates a control signal to control image-capture timing of theCCD imager 17. In normal image capture, two frame images are captured per second. In a region, such as esophagus, where the capsule endoscope moves at a relatively high rate, e.g., 15 to 30 frame images are captured per second. Theantenna 23 receives a signal transmitted from theexternal device 5. Thecommunication processing circuit 20 processes the received signal and supplies the resultant signal to theprocessing circuit 19. Theprocessing circuit 19 controls image-capture timing of theCCD imager 17 and turn-on/off of thewhite LEDs 18 in response to the supplied signal. - Operation
- In the
capsule endoscope 3, as shown inFIG. 4 , theprocessing circuit 19 outputs an image signal and a signal indicative of a signal strength which are shown inFIG. 5 . Thecommunication processing circuit 20 transmits the signals at a predetermined radio-field intensity through theantenna 23 to theexternal device 5. In theexternal device 5, a transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 receives the signals through each of theantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ of theantenna unit 4. - The transmitting and receiving
circuit 33 supplies the image signals and the strength signals to asignal processing circuit 35. Thesignal processing circuit 35 compares the strengths of the strength signals received through therespective antennas 11 ij. Consequently, thesignal processing circuit 35 detects the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal transmitted from thecapsule endoscope 3. Thesignal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal received through the most suitable antenna to memory means 47, such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to thesignal processing circuit 35 to store the image signal. Furthermore, thesignal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal received through the most suitable antenna to the liquid crystal monitor 12 connected to thesignal processing circuit 35 to display an image captured through the capsule endoscope. - In the
external device 5, thesignal processing circuit 35 includes a CPU and a memory, which are not shown. A program for estimating the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3 on the basis of the strength signals received through theantennas 11 ij is installed in thesignal processing circuit 35. The position and orientation thereof can be estimated using a method for solving a plurality of nonlinear equations disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-325810. Thesignal processing circuit 35 obtains 12 nonlinear equations, in which the positions and orientations of the single-core coils arranged in thecapsule endoscope 3 are unknown, from the strength levels of the strength signals received through theantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ. The 12 nonlinear equations are solved by iterative refinement, e.g., the Gauss-Newton method, whereby the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3 is estimated. The estimated position and orientation are represented by coordinate values with respect to theantenna unit 4 inFIG. 3 . The coordinate values are stored together with the image signal in the memory means 47. It is, however, unnecessary to estimate both of the position and the direction. Either of them may be estimated. - Assuming that the position of the
capsule endoscope 3 is represented by Pi(Xi, Yi, Zi) as shown inFIG. 6 , a distance Di that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled is obtained by the following Expression.
Di={(Xi−1−Xi)2+(Yi−1−Yi)2+(Zi−1 Zi)2}1/2 (1) - When the distance Di that the
capsule endoscope 3 travels is small, there is a high possibility that images in the same field of view may be captured. Accordingly, image-capture timing of theCCD imager 17 in thecapsule endoscope 3 is set to a low rate. For example, in the case of capturing two frame images per second (Ti=1/2[s]), the timing is changed to a rate at which one frame image is captured per second (Ti=1/l[s]). Image-capture timing Ti[s] can be calculated by the following Expression using the distance Di.
Ti=α/Di[s] (2)
where α is a constant. - In the
signal processing circuit 35 of theexternal device 5, the CPU obtains the image-capture timing Ti[s]. Thesignal processing circuit 35 supplies a signal indicating the obtained image-capture timing to the transmitting and receivingcircuit 33. The transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 transmits the signal to thecapsule endoscope 3 through theproper antenna 11 ij (i.e., transmits the signal indicating the image-capture timing through the above-described determined antenna most suitable to receive the image signal). - In the
capsule endoscope 3, theantenna 23 receives the signal indicating the image-capture timing transmitted from theantenna 11 ij connected to theexternal device 5′. The received signal is supplied to theprocessing circuit 19 via thecommunication processing circuit 20. Theprocessing circuit 19 supplies a signal to control image capture to theCCD imager 17 in response to the supplied signal indicating the image-capture timing. - As for the constant α in Expression (2) to obtain the image-capture timing, images and positional information sets of a plurality of patients are collected and the constant α is derived from distances of the
capsule endoscope 3 between the collected images. For instance, as shown inFIG. 7 , images Pi−1 to Pi+1 including the same subject are detected from the collected images, the same subject being moved from the center to a peripheral portion in the images. A distance D (=Di+Di+1) that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled in this case is obtained. When the distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled is larger than the distance D, sections which are not captured as images may exist between sections corresponding to the images. Therefore, a coefficient for a is set so that at least one frame image is captured in the distance D. The distance D may be obtained from the average Davr of a plurality of samples. - Advantages
- According to the present embodiment, the single-core coil for generating a magnetic field is arranged in the
capsule endoscope 3 and the generated magnetic field is detected by the plurality of coils disposed outside the body, so that the accurate distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled can be obtained. Since the image-capture timing of theCCD imager 17 can be changed on the basis of the accurate distance in the present embodiment, a user can efficiently confirm a diagnosis using images. -
FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. - Structure
- The structure of an apparatus according to the second embodiment is identical to that according to the first embodiment with the exception that a program, installed in a CPU of an
external device 5 in the second embodiment, for obtaining image-capture timing Ti[s] differs from that of the first embodiment. - Operation
- According to the present embodiment, the image-capture timing Ti[s] to be transmitted as a signal to a
capsule endoscope 3 is derived from a predicted distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 will travel. - Generally, a polynomial P(t) of degree n−1 is expressed as follows.
P(t)=a0+a1t+a2t 2+ . . . +an−1 t n−1 (3) - When three estimated positions Pi−2, Pi−1, and Pi of the
capsule endoscope 3 are used, three coefficients a0, a1, and a2 in Expression (3) are obtained. For example, the following three equations with respect to the X direction are derived using Expression (3).
Xi−2(t0)=aX0+aX1t0+aX2t02
Xi−1(t1)=aX0+aX1t1+aX2t12
Xi(t2)=aX0+aX1t2+aX2t22 (4) - The coefficients with respect to the X direction can be determined by solving the three simultaneous equations. Let t denote time obtained from image-capture timing.
- Coefficients with respect to the Y and Z directions are similarly obtained, so that a predicted position Pˆi+1 of the
capsule endoscope 3 shown inFIG. 8 can be calculated by the following Expression (the predicted position P+1 is a position after time t3).
Xˆi+1(t3)=aX0+aX1t3+aX2t32
Yˆi+1(t3)=aY0+aY1t3+aY2t32
Zˆi+1(t3)=aZ0+aZ1t3+aZ2t32 (5) - The predicted position of the
capsule endoscope 3 is obtained using Expression (5). A predicted distance Dˆ+1 shown inFIG. 8 is calculated using Expression (1). - Substituting the calculated distance Dˆ+1 into Expression (2) gives the image-capture timing Ti[s].
- The
external device 5 transmits a signal indicating the obtained image-capture timing to thecapsule endoscope 3. Thecapsule endoscope 3 generates a control signal for aCCD imager 17 to change the image-capture timing. - According to the present embodiment, the predicted position of the
capsule endoscope 3 is obtained using a second degree polynomial. When a plurality of estimated positions of thecapsule endoscope 3 are used, the position of thecapsule endoscope 3 can be predicted more accurately. The position of thecapsule endoscope 3 may be predicted using a spline function. - Advantages
- In addition to the advantages of the first embodiment, the position of the
capsule endoscope 3 is predicted, whereby image-capture timing at the predicted position can be accurately set. -
FIG. 9 is a diagram explaining a process by a signal processing circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. - Structure
- The structure of an apparatus according to the third embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment with the exception that a CPU in an
external device 5 executes a process so as to control image-capture timing using information regarding the estimated orientation of a capsule endoscope. - Operation
- As described in the first embodiment, the position and orientation of a
capsule endoscope 3 can be estimated on the basis of strength signals received throughantennas 11 ij. As shown inFIG. 9 , the orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3 may not coincide with the moving direction thereof. When a distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled is small and the orientation thereof is greatly changed, captured images may be different from each other in spite of the small distance. - The distance Di of the
capsule endoscope 3 obtained in the first embodiment is derived from a distance between positions Pi=(Xi, Yi, Zi) and Pi−1=(Xi−1, Yi−1, Zi−1). Let Vi and Vi−1 denote the orientations at the respective positions. A change Δθ in orientation is expressed as follows.
Δθ=cos−1 {Vi·Vi−1/(|Vi|×|Vi−1|)} (6)
where the operation “·” indicates the inner product of Vi and Vi−1 and |Vi| and |Vi−1| denote the magnitudes of vectors. - If the change Δθ in orientation of the
capsule endoscope 3 is large, there is a lower likelihood that images in the same field of view are captured. Accordingly, image-capture timing of aCCD imager 17 in thecapsule endoscope 3 is set to a higher rate. Image-capture timing Ti[s] can be calculated using the distance Di, the change Δθ in orientation, in the following Expression.
Ti=α/Di+βΔθ [s] (7)
where α and β are constants.
Advantages - In addition to the advantages of the first embodiment, advantageously, even when the distance that the capsule endoscope has traveled is small and the orientation thereof is drastically changed, the proper image-capture timing can be set by detecting a change in orientation.
-
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the structure of a processing circuit of acapsule endoscope 3 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. - Structure
- The structure of an apparatus according to the fourth embodiment is identical to that according to the first embodiment with the exception that a
processing circuit 19 in thecapsule endoscope 3 includes a calculation function realized by, e.g., aCPU 50 and amemory 51 as shown inFIG. 10 . - Operation
- Referring to
FIG. 10 , in thecapsule endoscope 3, theprocessing circuit 19 includes the calculation function realized by theCPU 50 and thememory 51 and permits thecapsule endoscope 3 to execute a program therein. In the first embodiment, the program is executed in the CPU and the memory included in thesignal processing circuit 35 of theexternal device 5. - The
capsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown inFIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through anantenna 23 through acommunication processing circuit 20. In anexternal device 5, a transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 receives the signals through each ofantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ of anantenna unit 4. - The transmitting and receiving
circuit 33 supplies the image signals and the strength signals to asignal processing circuit 35 to store the signals in memory means 47, such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to thesignal processing circuit 35. Thesignal processing circuit 35 supplies the strength signals received through therespective antennas 11 ij to the transmitting and receivingcircuit 33. The transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 transmits the strength signal to thecapsule endoscope 3 through the proper one of theantenna 11 ij. As described in the first embodiment, the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal may be detected and, after that, the strength signal may be transmitted. - The
capsule endoscope 3 receives the strength signal associated with theantenna 11 ij transmitted from theexternal device 5 through theantenna 23 and thecommunication processing circuit 20 and supplies the received signal to theprocessing circuit 19. - The program for estimating the position and orientation of the
capsule endoscope 3 using the strength signal received through theantenna 11 ij connected to theexternal device 5 is installed on theCPU 50 and thememory 51 in theprocessing circuit 19 of thecapsule endoscope 3. As described in the first embodiment, theCPU 50 utilizes the method for solving a plurality of nonlinear equations to estimate the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3, thus obtaining image-capture timing of aCCD imager 17 on the basis of the estimated position and orientation. TheCPU 50 transmits data regarding the obtained image-capture timing to theprocessing circuit 19. - The
processing circuit 19 generates a control signal to control image capture by theCCD imager 17, thus controlling image capture by the CCD imager. - Advantages
- In addition to the advantages of the first embodiment, processes by the
external device 5 can be distributed since a distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 travels can be calculated in thecapsule endoscope 3. - Structure
- The structure of an apparatus according to a fifth embodiment is the same as that according to the fourth embodiment with the exception that an
antenna 23 disposed in acapsule endoscope 3 detects a magnetic field generated by anantenna 11 ij extracorporeally arranged. - Operation
- A transmitting and receiving
circuit 33 of anexternal device 5 generates a signal to permitantennas 11 ij to generate magnetic fields having different frequencies. In response to the generated signal, theantennas 11 ij generate respective magnetic fields having different frequencies. In thecapsule endoscope 3, theantenna 23 receives the generated magnetic fields. Theantenna 23 receives a signal obtained by combining signals having different strengths and frequencies. The received signal is subjected to band-pass filtering and gain adjustment through acommunication processing circuit 20 and is then supplied to aprocessing circuit 19. The received signal supplied to theprocessing circuit 19 is digitized and is then stored in amemory 51 connected to aCPU 50. TheCPU 50 performs frequency extraction (Fourier transform: FET) on the received signal stored in thememory 51 to obtain signal strengths corresponding to the magnetic fields generated by therespective antennas 11 ij. - A program for estimating the position and orientation of the
capsule endoscope 3 as described in the fourth embodiment is installed on thecapsule endoscope 3. Accordingly, the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3 are estimated using signal strengths corresponding to therespective antennas 11 ij. A distance is calculated using the estimated position and orientation, whereby image-capture timing of aCCD imager 17 is obtained. Data regarding the obtained image-capture timing is transmitted to theprocessing circuit 19. Theprocessing circuit 19 generates a control signal to control image capture by theCCD imager 17, thus controlling image capture by theCCD imager 17. - In the
capsule endoscope 3, thecommunication processing circuit 20 converts information regarding the position and orientation obtained by theCPU 50 and a captured image signal into a signal that can be transmitted from theantenna 23. Theantenna 23 transmits the signal. - The signal transmitted from the
antenna 23 is supplied to the transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 through theantennas 11 ij connected to theexternal device 5. Asignal processing circuit 35 converts the signal into a signal that can be stored in memory means 47. The memory means 47 stores the signal. - Advantages
- In addition to the advantages of the fourth embodiment, power consumption of
button batteries 21 for supplying power can be reduced since the antenna of thecapsule endoscope 3 can detect external magnetic fields. -
FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process by a signal processing circuit of an external device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. - Structure
- The structure of an apparatus according to the sixth embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment with the exception that recording of an image signal and information regarding the position/orientation of a
capsule endoscope 3 on memory means 47 of anexternal device 5 is controlled in accordance with a distance that thecapsule endoscope 3 has traveled. - Operation
- The
capsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown inFIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through anantenna 23. In theexternal device 5, a transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 receives the signals through each ofantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ of anantenna unit 4. - A
signal processing circuit 35 of theexternal device 5 includes a CPU and a memory which are not shown. The image signal and the strength signal, transmitted from thecapsule endoscope 3 and received through eachantenna 11 ij, are recorded on the memory means 47 in accordance with a program corresponding to the flowchart shown inFIG. 11 . - When the
capsule endoscope 3 is inserted into a body, thesignal processing circuit 35 starts the program corresponding to the flowchart shown inFIG. 11 from step S101. In step S102, variables i, j, and jMAX are initialized such that i=0, j=1, and jMAX=1. - In step S103, an image signal and a strength signal received through any
antenna 11 ij are given to the program. If it is determined in step S104 that the variable i is smaller than 1, the image signal and the received signal strength are recorded on the memory means 47 in step S105. - Subsequently, the process proceeds to step S106, in which it is determined whether the
capsule endoscope 3 is discharged from the body. If thecapsule endoscope 3 exists in the body, the process proceeds to step S107, in which the variable i is incremented. When thecapsule endoscope 3 is discharged from the body, the process proceeds to step S116, thus terminating the program. - When the variable i is incremented in step S107, the process proceeds to step S103, in which the next image signal and strength signal are given to the program. If it is determined in step S104 that the variable i is larger than 0, the process proceeds to step S108. 12 nonlinear equations, in which the position and orientation of a single-core coil arranged in the
capsule endoscope 3 are unknown, are obtained using the signal strengths of the strength signals received through theantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ. The 12 nonlinear equations are solved by iterative refinement, e.g., the Gauss-Newton method, whereby the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3 are estimated. - Next, in step S109, a distance Di is calculated using Expression (1). In step S110, recording timing Ti[s] is calculated using Expression (2). If it is determined in step S111 that the variable j is equal to the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S112, in which the image signal and strength signal are recorded on the memory means 47. The process then proceeds to step S113, in which an image recording interval is obtained from the recording timing Ti[s].
- For example, when 10 frame images are transmitted from the
capsule endoscope 3 for one second and the recording timing Ti is calculated as 0.5 [s], one out of every five images is recorded (jMAX is set to 5). - In step S114, the variable j is initialized. In step S106, whether the
capsule endoscope 3 exists in the body is determined. - If it is determined in step S111 that the variable j is different from the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S115, in which the variable j is incremented.
- According to the present embodiment, the image recording interval is obtained. Each image, which is not to be recorded, may be recorded with information regarding the position and orientation by compressing image data or reducing the size of the image or converting the data into information, such as an icon. For example, when the recording interval is set to five frames, four frame images, which are not to be recorded, may be recorded on the memory means 47 together with information regarding the position and orientation such that the size of each image is reduced.
- Advantages
- In addition to the advantages of the first embodiment, a distance that the capsule endoscope has traveled in the body is obtained with accuracy and images are recorded. Advantageously, a user can efficiently confirm a diagnosis using the images.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 relate to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the flow of a process by a terminal.FIG. 13 is a first diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process ofFIG. 12 .FIG. 14 is a second diagram showing an example of a screen displayed on the terminal by the process ofFIG. 12 . - Structure
- Since the seventh embodiment is substantially identical to the first embodiment, only the difference therebetween will now be described. The same components are designated by the same reference numerals and a description of the previously described components is omitted.
- Operation
- As shown in
FIG. 4 , acapsule endoscope 3 transmits an image signal and a strength signal as shown inFIG. 5 at a predetermined radio-field intensity through anantenna 23. In anexternal device 5, a transmitting and receivingcircuit 33 receives the signals through each ofantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ of anantenna unit 4. - The transmitting and receiving
circuit 33 supplies the image signals and strength signals to asignal processing circuit 35. Thesignal processing circuit 35 compares strength levels of the strength signals received through therespective antennas 11 ij. Consequently, thesignal processing circuit 35 detects the antenna most suitable to receive the image signal transmitted from thecapsule endoscope 3. Thesignal processing circuit 35 supplies the image signal obtained through the most suitable antenna and the strength signals received through therespective antennas 11 ij to memory means 47, such as a Compact Flash (registered trademark) memory (CF memory) or a hard disk, connected to thesignal processing circuit 35 to store the signals. - When observation in a body through the
capsule enddscope 3 is finished, the image signals and strength signals recorded on the memory means 47 of theexternal device 5 are transferred to recording means in aterminal 7. - The
terminal 7 includes a CPU and a memory, which are not shown, whereby application software for displaying images is executed through a user interface, such as a keyboard or a mouse, connected to theterminal 7. - When the application software is executed, in the
terminal 7, a program corresponding to the flowchart shown inFIG. 12 starts from step S201. In step S202, variables i, j, and jMAX are initialized such that i=0, j=1, and jMAX=1. - In step S203, an image signal and a strength signal of any
antenna 11 ij are read from the recording means and are then given to the program. If it is determined in step S204 that the variable i is smaller than 1, the image signal is displayed on display means, such as a monitor, in step S205. - Next, the process proceeds to step S206, in which it is determined whether all of the image signals and strength signals have already been read out. If any unread image and strength signals exist, the process proceeds to step S207, in which the variable i is incremented. When all of the image and strength signals have already been read, the process proceeds to step S216, thus terminating the program.
- When the variable i is incremented in step S207, the process proceeds to step S203, in which the next image signal and strength signal are read out from the recording means and are then given to the program. If it is determined in step S204 that the variable i is larger than 0, the process proceeds to step S208. 12 nonlinear equations, in which the position and orientation of a single-core coil arranged in the
capsule endoscope 3 are unknown, are obtained using strength levels of the strength signals received through theantennas 11 ax, 11 aY, . . . , 11 dY, and 11 dZ. The 12 nonlinear equations are solved by iterative refinement, e.g., the Gauss-Newton method, thus estimating the position and orientation of thecapsule endoscope 3. - Thereafter, in step S209, a distance Di is calculated using Expression (1). In step S210, display timing Ti[s] is calculated using Expression (2). If it is determined in step S211 that the variable j is equal to the specific value jMAX, the process proceeds to step S212, in which the corresponding image is displayed on the display means, such as a monitor. The process then proceeds to step S213, in which an image display interval is obtained on the basis of the display timing Ti[s].
- For example, when 10 frame images are recorded on the recording means for one second and the display timing Ti is calculated as 0.5 [s], one out of every five images is displayed (jMAX is set to 5).
- In step S214, the variable j is initialized. In step S206, it is determined whether all of the image signals and strength signals have already been read.
- According to the present embodiment, an image may not be displayed as a moving picture depending on display timing. In this case, as shown in
FIG. 13 , an image, which is not displayed as a moving picture, may be displayed in anarea 101 separated from a movingpicture display area 100. Alternatively, as shown inFIG. 14 , images may be reduced or be displayed in a different form, e.g., as icons. - Advantages
- According to the present embodiment, a distance that the
capsule endoscope 3 has traveled is obtained with accuracy and images are displayed. Advantageously, a user can efficiently confirm a diagnosis using the images. - In the present invention, it will be apparent that a wide range of different embodiments can be formed based on this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. The present invention will be restricted by the appended claims but not be limited to any particular embodiment.
Claims (30)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/192,503 US20110282145A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,520 US20110282147A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,506 US20110282146A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
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JP2004007379A JP4455067B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2004-01-14 | Capsule endoscope device |
JP2004-007379 | 2004-01-14 | ||
PCT/JP2005/000342 WO2005067781A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Encapsulated endoscope |
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PCT/JP2005/000342 Continuation WO2005067781A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Encapsulated endoscope |
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US13/192,520 Division US20110282147A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,503 Division US20110282145A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,506 Division US20110282146A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
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US7988620B2 US7988620B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
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US13/192,520 Abandoned US20110282147A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,506 Abandoned US20110282146A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,503 Abandoned US20110282145A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
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US13/192,520 Abandoned US20110282147A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,506 Abandoned US20110282146A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
US13/192,503 Abandoned US20110282145A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Capsule endoscope apparatus |
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EP (1) | EP1704812B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4455067B2 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2005067781A1 (en) |
Cited By (22)
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US10701338B2 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-06-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Display apparatus |
Also Published As
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---|---|
US20110282146A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
US20110282147A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
US20110282145A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
EP1704812A4 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
EP1704812B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
WO2005067781A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
US7988620B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 |
CN100528068C (en) | 2009-08-19 |
CN1909825A (en) | 2007-02-07 |
JP2005198789A (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1704812A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
JP4455067B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
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