US20070166181A1

US20070166181A1 - Ambulatory infusion membrane pump

Info

Publication number: US20070166181A1
Application number: US10/507,627
Authority: US
Inventors: Billy Nilson
Original assignee: MEDUX AB
Current assignee: MEDUX AB
Priority date: 2002-03-14
Filing date: 2003-03-12
Publication date: 2007-07-19
Also published as: RU2004127865A; SE520340C2; AU2003212758A1; ATE466607T1; WO2003075984A1; SE0200760L; CN1642589A; CN100391553C; JP2005519678A; DE60332453D1; SE0200760D0; AU2003212758B2; RU2325927C2; CA2478829A1; EP1501571B1; EP1501571A1; IL163837A0; NO20044247L

Abstract

Ambulatory membrane pump intended for medical use e.g. for infusion purposes, consisting of two main parts: 1) the basic device with motor drive and computer, and 2) the administration set, which is disposable. The arrangement with check valves in both ends of the administration system safeguards that no leakage happens when gravitational forces are acting, due to height differences between fluid bag and needle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to fluid injection pumps with disposable membrane pump and tubing intended for injection of medicines, pain relief and fluids related to nursing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Membrane injection pumps are used in many applications, as ultra small plastic pumps intended for medical applications. However, when used for portioning fluids, as medicines, with a high degree of precision, usually other pumping methods dominate the market. Such pumps are syringe or plunger pumps, as well as peristaltic pumps.
Transporting fluids from a container to an injection needle with a high degree of precision is claimed as to the dosage, especially concerning new, potent medicines. Not intended leakage through tubing arrangement must be safely restricted, as when a container filled with medicine is placed above the needle, the static pressure can generate a flow if the system is not restricted against this.
Examples of prior art are:

U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,066, U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,992, U.S. Pat. No. 5,533,886, U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,291, WO 0028213, U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,211, U.S. Pat. No. 4,838,860, U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,093, U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,579

Previously infusion pumps for supplying fluids to patients were usually syringe type, peristaltic type, membrane type or plunge pumps. Many of these pumps are very sophisticated and sometimes very complicated, as U.S. Pat. No. 5,482,438 and very expensive for the hospitals. Others are simplified as U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,291, using an oscillating movement from semiconductors affecting a diaphragm at resonance frequency and with diffusers as controlling means in the inlet and outlet areas. Another invention uses semiconductors in a micro membrane pump, as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,06. U.S. Pat. No. 5,368,570 is a plurality of membrane pumps.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,579 is a dual chamber piston and cylinder pump which uses a disposable cassette and with two cylinders can achieve an almost uninterrupted fluid feeding. However the cassette is with its arrangements of check valves a little bit complicated, and the amount of material in the cassette is significantly high. When initially filling up the pump, de-airing obviously will become problematic.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,636 describes a piston pump with a complicated construction, where it is very difficult to de-air a pumped fluid In a controlled way. The design of this pump requires sensors for detecting air in the fluid. The check valves of this pump are further built-in into the pump house of the piston pump.
In document WO 99/21596 there is disclosed an infusion pump with check valves built-in into the pump house, whereby there are also in this disclosure small possibilities to watch air in the pump system. This pump has a large dead space, which means that a substantial amount of fluid is interlocked into the pump when a pumping operation is ended. The principle of this infusion pump is based on a pumping mechanism using a semi-membrane and a semi-piston.
A careful control of the pumped amount of fluid by use of different piston stroke lengths are not possible in any of the designs of U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,636 and WO 99/21596.
None of the preceding pumps unites disposability together with high precision dosages, safety against leakage, material saving and an uncomplicated concept as in our invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a membrane pump consisting of two main bodies: the computer with its housing and the administration set. The membrane pump works distinctly with equal membrane movements repeated as a decided position of the stroke. A rotational electric motor with a gear is positioned in the housing, and the outgoing shaft moves a screw in connection with a threaded plunger rod and at the other end in connection with the membrane tap. At the end cover on the housing the membrane pump is snapped into an attachment consisting of a guide rail and a shoulder on the pump house, which easily is snapped on when the pump house is in exact position. The electrical motor has a permanent magnet and a sensor which registrates each revolution of the motor and communicates signals to the computer, which registers each signal in forward respectively backward mode of the driving motor, thus counting each revolution and registers the exact position of the screw on the plunger rod.
With a high revolution electrical motordrive connected to a gear the advance of the screw works in a very high degree of precision, independent of accidental wear. Accordingly the membrane moves with exact precision accordingly to ordered revolutions rolled by the electrical motor, and the dosage can be controlled with each stroke of the plunger rod.
In a system with tubes and pump, elastic effects can arise, for instance when the pump suddenly is cut off (which happens when the polarity reversal activates for intended reversal of the plunger rod). When the pressure leaves the system, elastic effects arise; the volume of the system decreases. In order to prevent unintended through flow in the system according to such elastic effects, check valves are positioned in each end of the tubing; the inflow check valve close to the fluid container and the outflow check valve close to the needle arrangement.
Visual control of the pump function occurs with transparent valve housing at the inflow check valve with a colored cone indicating the working of the pump and visible at a distance of at least some meters.
The-to-and fro movement of the pump is driven by an electric motor in connection with a screw-driven feed. Making the pitch optimal, the feed becomes very accurate; e.g. when back-feeding through reversing of the electric motor by reverse polarity, it is very important that the movement is under strict control and not too fast, when gas otherwise could become extricated out of the fluid (cavitation). A processor is used to control the motor drive. The processor has a control puls circuit which reverses the motor drive by reverse polarity. The processor registers the working speed and controls the ordered revolutions and when exact feeding distance of the piston is achieved. The movement of the piston and as well pumped quantity is thus controlled in both directions with high degree of precision.
The processor has a box with a key set and a display intended for controlling the dosage and watching different functions as for the safety. The box also has rechargeable batteries. A patient needing fluid, drugs or pain killers by infusion, can carry the complete pump set conveniently and freely move him without handling a stand, used for the drip chamber. Our pump does not need the static pressure from the height with which the fluid container is held by the stand. The pump generates this pressure by pumping. Thus it is suitable to place the fluid container where it is convenient.
Instead of counting the drips in the drip chamber and throttling the tubing, you just order right dosage on display by using the keys. If you want to watch the pump working, you look at the transparent check valve house close to the fluid container and at the pulsating, abovementioned cone. A more advanced model you order the dosage with a bar code and a bar code reader.
When ambulance transports are acquired, as by accidents or transporting patients, our device is even handier because of independence of a stand. The device can also be used positioned on the side of a patient in bed.
An infusion pump must be reliable and stop working, if divergence from normal working happens, e.g. if the fluid encounters higher or lower resistance and the pump thus meets occlusion or very low pressure e.g. when air is in the system. Those circumstances must be readable and the pump must stop if not allowed deviations happen. If such deviations happen, variations of the motor current is watched by the control system and as the electric motor drive is pulse driven, the relations between pulses, current and revolution is programmed in the control system, which signals and stops the motor drive within certain limits. The display writes which kind of deviation happened. Pressure sensors are not necessary to use to watch the correct working of the pump.
If gases or air are present in the tube or pump regions, the inlet check valve has measures for de-airing the system and press the air back to the liquid container. In a preferred achievement the cone of the check valve is hollow and floats on the liquid where-by it presses the air back through the seat face. The last amount of air leaks back to the liquid container by a slit on the cone, which slit is wide enough for gaseous fluids, but to narrow for liquids to pass. The system is de-aired. When larger amounts of air is present, as with glass containers, an outlet with an air filter is arranged in the housing of the inlet check valve.
The precision of the dosage of the membrane pump is not restricted because of small dimensions, which precision becomes extremely high compared to e.g. a peristaltic pump, which type is most frequently used with ambulatory pumps. The pump house and the details of the administration set is in a preferred accomplishment made of as drug certified thermo plastic, produced with precision in many units.
The administration set together with the liquid (medicine) container is disposable, as with the present drip chamber. When the liquid is emptied, the administration set is disposed of, and a new set is in use, when next batch is inserted. The liquid container usually is collapsible, but a stiff one as made of glass is also used and are united with the administration set in the same way as with drip chambers.
All types of fluids are possible to introduce into the patient, frequently intravenously or subcutaneously, but also in body openings or against the body, the skin or mucous membranes. With a bar code system you can programme the control unit so as to introduce the right kind and amount of drug. The membrane pump has a wide use: providing drugs, pain killers, nutrition solution or liquid.
The invention has many other applications, other than drugs. The pump is useful as a distributor of chemical-technical fluids and pastes if in right dimensions and the same design. The same material, injection molded plastic, which is recyclable, is used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side-sectional view of the embodiment with insert mouthpiece for the liquid container, inlet check valve, inlet tube, membrane pump with box and feed screw with electric motor, outlet tube with attachment to the needle and needle.
FIG. 2 is the outlet check valve, needle attachment and needle.
FIG. 3 is the pump house with membrane, inlet and outlet.
FIG. 4 is an assembly of the device box and the administration set.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The exemplary embodiment of the membrane pump of the present invention, indicated generally as the pump house 2 in FIG. 1 with the membrane 1 and connected to an inlet tube 18 and outlet tube 5, with inlet check valve 14 and outlet check valve 16, and an attachment to the injection needle 8. The liquid container is penetrated by the insert mouthpiece 15 which is connected to the inlet check valve house 14 and with a cone 12, which floats, movable longitudinally in the house 14. The air filter 38 is connected to the inlet tube 15. The device box 19 is schematic drawn and contains an electric motor 36 with gear box 35 and a screw 11 which when rotated moves the threaded piston 9 longitudinally and the elongation of the piston 13 which presses the membrane inwards and lets the membrane 1 free for recoiling, whereas the membrane pump is filled with liquid. The elongation 13 of the piston 9 has splines 21 which fit in corresponding tapping in the gablesocket 20 in the device box 19 and locks the piston from rotation when the screw rotates.
The check valve with housing 16 in FIG. 2, with a perforated disk 32 with a nib 31 in the center, on which the check valve membrane 33 is clamped up. By making different thicknesses of the membrane 33, and different preloads to the seat, you can control at which pressure the check valve membrane 33 will open, which is important so as not to leak when a high static pressure arises from a high positioned liquid container.
In FIG. 3 is shown details in the pump house 2 with a weldable attachment 4 of the membrane 1 to a part 3 of the pump house 2. The outlet tube 6 is welded to the outlet 5 of the pump. The circular flanges 7 are intended to increase the strength of the removable attachment to the device box 19.
The membrane pump system is shown in FIG.4 with the device box 19 and the administration set 40. The device box 19 consists of a display 26, keys 24, a rapid attachment 22 of the pump house 2, a body 25 to the liquid container 27, here shown as a collapsible container. The administration set 40 has a hold 29 intended for attaching and stop against the grip 22, and in the upper part a penetrating inlet 15, a check valve cone 12, a tube 18, a pump 2 and an outlet tube 6 down to the outlet check valve 16 and injection needle 8.

Claims

1. A membrane pump intended for transporting a controlled average of volumetric flow rate of a fluid from a fluid source through an outlet to a patient, the membrane pump comprising:

a pump house with a membrane,

a needle arrangement,

an inlet flexible tube connected to as inlet of said pump house,

an outlet flexible tube connected to an outlet of said pump house,

an inlet check valve connected to an end of said inlet tube and positioned close to the fluid source, and

an outlet check valve connected to an end of said outlet tube and positioned close to said needle arrangement.

2. The membrane dump according to claim 1, further comprising:

(a) said inlet and outlet tubes having inner diameters between 0.4 and 2 mm,

(b) a box with an electric motor, wherein the pump house of the membrane pump is adapted to be docked to the box, and

(c) electric control means including the electric motor, a gear, a feeding screw and a piston for controlling the average volumetric flow rate by means of a control of the forward and backward movement of the piston.

3. The membrane pump according to claim 2, wherein:

said membrane is yieldable and dimensioned for safely back springing and thus suction of the fluid into the pump house,

a boss provided with grooves is arranged on the center of the membrane, and said piston provided with a yoke gripping into said grooves and thus mechanically drives the membrane forwards and backwards.

4. The membrane pump according to claim 3, wherein the electric motor and the gear are connected with the feeding screw and a threaded nut in combination with the piston for accomplishing the forward and backward movement, and wherein the piston is provided with splines fitting into an end plate of the box and wherein the piston is in contact with said boss of the membrane when the pump house is mounted on the box.

5. The membrane pump according to claim 4, wherein the electric motor has a revolution registering device connectable to a control circuit, wherein said control circuit is provided with a display and keys for operating said feeding screw to order a decided stroke of the piston and said stroke being repeated until a new order is received from the control circuit, whereby the volumetric flow pumped with each stroke is controlled.

6. The membrane pump according to claim 5, wherein said control circuit registers the content during a decided short time interval of normal pumping and when the current significantly deviates, the control circuit stops the pumping and gives a signal and an information on the display.

7. The membrane pump according to claim 6, wherein the control circuit is programmable with a dosage of the transporting and with pump work time, intervals.

8. The membrane pump according to claim 7, wherein the box is provided with a bar code reader and the control circuit being programmed for medicines and dosages, safeguarding that right data are programmed into the pump.

9. The membrane pump according to claim 8, wherein the box is provided with loadable batteries driving the controls and the electric motor.

10. The membrane pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet check valve has a cone, which is indented with, a cut, 0.1 to 0.5 mm deep, in the upper part so that the valve is pervious when gaseous fluid occurs, but tight when liquid fluid occurs.

11. The membrane pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet check valve has a colored valve cone and that said inlet check valve is provided with a transparent housing, so that said colored valve cone is easy to observe.

12. The membrane pump according to claim 10, wherein said cone of the inlet check valve has minor lugs, which affect the cone to move precisely in said transparent housing and that said cone has a lower density than the fluid pumped for effectively de-air liquid containing air or other gases.

13. The membrane pump according to claim 10, wherein said cone is made to float on said fluid, whereby the cone and the fluid presses air back through a seat face of the inlet valve, if air is present in the fluid.