US20070232870A1 - Capsule type endoscope - Google Patents
Capsule type endoscope Download PDFInfo
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- US20070232870A1 US20070232870A1 US11/765,874 US76587407A US2007232870A1 US 20070232870 A1 US20070232870 A1 US 20070232870A1 US 76587407 A US76587407 A US 76587407A US 2007232870 A1 US2007232870 A1 US 2007232870A1
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- type endoscope
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/042—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0607—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for annular illumination
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0676—Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0684—Endoscope light sources using light emitting diodes [LED]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
- A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
- A61B5/062—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body using magnetic field
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/07—Endoradiosondes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
- A61B1/00011—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission
- A61B1/00016—Operational features of endoscopes characterised by signal transmission using wireless means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capsule type endoscope having a capsule body internally equipped with an image taking device for taking images in the body cavity of a human subject.
- An endoscope can be inserted into the esophageal canal of the human subject to directly examine the inner wall of any affected region of interest with high reliability.
- this method needs relatively large equipment and, in addition, a large burden is inflicted on the patient and operator. Therefore, such conventional endoscopy is hard to adopt in a first screening such as mass screening.
- One approach is directed to a camera type of system according to which an endoscope is formed as a capsule configuration and, by swallowing such a capsule, images are taken by that camera-incorporated capsule during its passage through the esophageal canal to allow the corresponding image signals to be, for example, wirelessly transmitted to the outside in realtime.
- the video frame rate is normally very slow at two frames per second, while, on the other hand, the time during which the capsule passes through the esophageal canal is very short, being of the order of one second.
- the time during which the capsule passes through the esophageal canal is very short, being of the order of one second.
- the time during which the capsule passes through the esophageal canal is very short, being of the order of one second.
- adequate reliability can not be ensured at such a frame rate and hence it is not suitable for the examination of the esophagus.
- there has been some inconvenience in that exact examination of not only the esophagus but also the internal organs such as the stomach, the duodenum the small intestine and the large intestine can not be made for any affected region of interest or its neighborhood.
- FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the capsule type endoscope according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a capsule type endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below by referring to FIGS. 1 to 5 .
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a capsule type endoscope 1 configured as a so-called compact camera.
- the endoscope has a light-transparent capsule body 2 serving as a protective outer shell.
- the capsule body 2 is formed as a case having such an outer configuration and size that it can be passed through the esophageal canal upon being swallowed via the mouth.
- a sealed storage chamber is created within the capsule body 2 .
- the capsule body 2 has a cylindrical intermediate section axially elongated compared with its diameter. Both the opposite end sections of the capsule body 2 , are each formed to have an axially outwardly extending hollow semispherical configuration with at least its outer surface smoothly formed. Since the capsule body 2 is formed as being axially elongated compared with the diameter, it can be easily swallowed and the swallowing movement direction is readily liable to be guided toward the axial direction of the capsule body 2 .
- the image pickup element 4 use is made of a solid state image pickup element such as a C-MOS and a CCD.
- the illuminating elements 5 use is made of, for example, LEDs and so on. As shown in FIG. 2 , the illuminating elements 5 are equidistantly arranged around the image pickup element 4 . Each illuminating light emitted from the corresponding illuminating element 5 is radiated onto an image taking field through a transparent end wall of the capsule body 2 to illuminate the image taking field. The image pickup element 4 takes images in the illuminated image taking field.
- the image signal processing circuit 6 processes signals taken by the image taking element 4 in the image taking device to generate image signals.
- the signals are supplied to a memory 7 where these signals are once stored.
- the stored image signals are sequentially taken out by the image signal transmitting circuit 8 and sequentially converted to transmission signals.
- the transmission signals are sequentially transmitted via the antenna 10 to the outside by wireless.
- the battery 9 is used as a power source for each element, circuits and so on.
- FIG. 3 shows a receiver 15 located outside the living body.
- the receiver 15 receives/records image signals sent by a wireless transmission from the capsule type endoscope 1 .
- the receiver 15 includes a receiving antenna 16 , an image signal receiving circuit 17 and an image recording means (memory) 18 .
- the image signals received by the image signal receiving circuit 17 are recorded in the image recording means 18 .
- the image recording means 18 transmits the image signals to a monitor 19 where these images are monitored.
- the images taken can also be transmitted to a given image receiver at a remote site via a communication means such as the Internet (not shown).
- a program capable of a variable setting is provided for the image pickup element 4 ′ image information transmitting circuit 8 , image signal processing circuit 6 and memory 7 .
- the image taking rate by the image pickup element 4 , the transmission rate by the image information transmitting circuit 8 , the timing and time for allowing the storing of the image signals into the memory 7 through the image signal processing circuit 6 are arbitrarily set or variable by being programmable. These may be settable or variable even in such cases as to varying the program of a timer, etc., in the capsule body 2 before swallowing the capsule body 2 , to vary a program by information from outside the living body after the capsule body 2 has been swallowed, or to vary both.
- a receiver 41 and antenna 42 are provided in the capsule body 2 as shown in FIG. 1 to receive information for instructing a variation of the information contents.
- the external plate 12 is positioned in a manner to correspond to the esophageal canal 21 of a patient 20 and it is located on the external surface of the patient 20 .
- the capsule type endoscope 1 passes through the esophageal canal 21 with its longitudinal axis direction guided toward the longitudinal direction of the esophageal canal 21 .
- the position detecting means 11 of the capsule type endoscope 1 senses the external plate 12 and the image taking device starts its operation.
- the position detecting means 11 while sensing the external plate 12 , decides that the capsule type endoscope 1 is situated in the esophageal canal 21 .
- the illuminating elements 5 are lit and the image taking device is intermittently operated.
- the area of the esophageal canal 21 thus illuminated is thereby imaged by the image pickup element 4 many number of times.
- the capsule type endoscope 1 can pass through the esophageal canal 21 , usually within a very short time of one second. During this short time, the image pickup element 4 takes many frames of an image at high speeds, while scanning the entire area of the esophageal canal 21 .
- the frame rate is less than 5 frames/second, for example 2 frames/second, it is not easy to set the focal depth at 10 cm or more. It is therefore hard to set the far point at 10 cm or more for tubular organs such as the esophageal canal. Consequently, it would be difficult to observe the esophageal canal continuously. However hard the patient tries, he or she cannot swallow the capsule to move it continuously and slowly through the entire esophageal canal. In view of this, the imaging of the canal must be carried out at a frame rate of at least 5 frames/second to achieve continuous observation of the entire area of the esophageal canal 21 .
- the transmitting speed V 2 by the image signal transmitting circuit 8 is as slow as a frame rate of two frames/second.
- the signals of the images taken by the image taking element 4 continue their storing operation relative to the memory 7 without waiting for the completion of the transmission operation. That is, since the image signal taking operation while allowing the transmitting operation is continued, a larger amount of image signals can be stored in the memory 7 . Even if the transmitting rate V 2 is slower than the recording rate V 1 , it is possible to make the recording rate V 1 fairly rapid.
- the image signals stored in the memory 7 are wirelessly transmitted by the image signal transmitting circuit 8 to the outside of the living body via the antenna 10 in the order in which these image signals are stored.
- the image taking rate is varied or ON/OFF operated according to a schedule initially set by the timer 31 and, by doing so, it is possible to effectively utilize a data retaining capacity in the memory 7 and also to reduce the wastage of the battery 9 for lighting illuminating means.
- An image taking examination can be made over the whole alimentary canal, including a gastrointestinal image taking examination after the capsule type endoscope has passed through the esophageal canal 21 .
- the center of gravity, W is located at or near a position corresponding to the image pickup element 4 .
- it is located on a longitudinal axis of the capsule body 2 at a position where the substrate 3 is situated. That is, the center of gravity, W, of the capsule type endoscope 1 is located at a forward site of the capsule body 2 on the image pickup element 4 side.
- the position of gravity, W is determined depending upon the shape and material of the capsule body 2 as well as the size and number of built-in component parts and their locations, and so on, and it is determined from the standpoint of these design considerations.
- the capsule type endoscope 1 Since the center of gravity, W, of the capsule type endoscope 1 is located at the forward site of the capsule body 2 on the image pickup element 4 side, the capsule type endoscope 1 is easier to swallow and, after being swallowed, the direction of the capsule body 2 is stably guided and it is possible to stably and positively take images in the esophageal canal.
- the backward sites can be taken as images when the capsule body 2 is swallowed, it is possible to take images at an important region of interest just at or near the exit opening of the esophagus into the stomach, in particular, immediately before, and just at the moment of, the dropping of the capsule body 2 into the stomach.
- a capsule type endoscope according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention by referring to FIGS. 10 and 11 .
- a capsule body 2 has a soft flat tail 35 at its backward portion.
- the capsule body 2 is easier to swallow and, when the capsule type endoscope 1 has been swallowed, the direction of the capsule body 2 is stably oriented by the tail 35 and it is possible to positively take images of the inner wall of the esophageal canal.
- the present invention set out above is not restricted to the above-mentioned respective embodiments and can be applied to other modes of application.
- the explanation has been made more about taking images of the inner wall of the esophageal canal
- the object of the image taking is not restricted to the esophagus and the present invention can be applied to image taking of a region of interest to examine not only the esophagus but also those organs such as the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine for any affected region of interest and its neighborhood. In this case, it is only necessary to set the position of the position detecting means and program of the timer to the region of interest.
Abstract
A capsule-type endoscope comprising a capsule body, an image pickup element an illuminating elements, an image signal processing circuit, a memory, an image information transmitting circuit and an antenna for wireless transmission. The capsule body contains the pickup element, the illuminating elements, the processing circuit the memory, transmitting circuit and the antenna. While the capsule body remains in a living body, the image pickup element takes images of an interior of the living body. The processing circuit processes the image, generating image information. The memory stores the information. The transmitting circuit reads the information and supplies it to the antenna. The antenna transmits the information by radio, from the living body.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/184,283 filed on Jul. 19, 2005 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/173,998 filed on Jun. 18, 2002 which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-186827, filed Jun. 20, 2001, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by their reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a capsule type endoscope having a capsule body internally equipped with an image taking device for taking images in the body cavity of a human subject.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- An endoscope can be inserted into the esophageal canal of the human subject to directly examine the inner wall of any affected region of interest with high reliability. However, this method needs relatively large equipment and, in addition, a large burden is inflicted on the patient and operator. Therefore, such conventional endoscopy is hard to adopt in a first screening such as mass screening.
- As a first screening such as mass screening, in general, it is usually only necessary to examine the presence or absence of any affected region of interest at least, and a simpler examination should be adopted from the standpoint of reduced cost, pain and psychological unrest.
- Therefore, it has been desired to establish simpler checking means for adopting a first screening program by which it is possible to directly and exactly check the esophageal wall for any affected new region of interest.
- One approach is directed to a camera type of system according to which an endoscope is formed as a capsule configuration and, by swallowing such a capsule, images are taken by that camera-incorporated capsule during its passage through the esophageal canal to allow the corresponding image signals to be, for example, wirelessly transmitted to the outside in realtime.
- However, upon image transmission in realtime, the video frame rate is normally very slow at two frames per second, while, on the other hand, the time during which the capsule passes through the esophageal canal is very short, being of the order of one second. As a result, only about one or two frames can be obtained during the passage of the capsule through the esophageal canal. Therefore, adequate reliability can not be ensured at such a frame rate and hence it is not suitable for the examination of the esophagus. Further, there has been some inconvenience in that exact examination of not only the esophagus but also the internal organs such as the stomach, the duodenum the small intestine and the large intestine can not be made for any affected region of interest or its neighborhood.
- It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide a capsule type endoscope which can take many more frames of images for a shorter period in which the capsule passes through an affected region or its neighborhood, or a region of interest, of the esophageal canal and internal organs.
- In order to achieve the above object, there is provided a capsule type endoscope of the present invention having a capsule body comprising an illuminating unit configured to illuminate the inside of a living body, an image pickup element configured to take images in a living body illuminated by the illuminating unit and generate taken image signals, a processing circuit configured to process the taken image signals to generate image signals, a memory configured to store the image signals, a transmitting circuit configured to take out the image signals from the memory and convert these image signals to transmission signals, and an antenna configured to wirelessly transmit these transmission signals to the outside of the living body, wherein the image signals generated from the processing circuit are stored in the memory, the image signals stored in the memory are converted to transmission signals by the transmitting circuit and the transmission signals are wirelessly transmitted to the outside by the antenna.
- It is, therefore, possible to take many more frames of images in a shorter period of time during which the capsule passes through the esophageal canal and obtain added reliability on examination.
- Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
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FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a view in transverse cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing a receiver installed outside a living body relative to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4A is an explanatory view showing the capsule type endoscope in use which is based on the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4B is a transverse cross-sectional view as taken alongline 4B-4B inFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a circuit arrangement of the capsule type endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 7 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a view in longitudinal cross-section diagrammatically showing a capsule type endoscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a side view showing a capsule type endoscope according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the capsule type endoscope according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. - A capsule type endoscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below by referring to FIGS. 1 to 5.
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FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a capsule type endoscope 1 configured as a so-called compact camera. The endoscope has a light-transparent capsule body 2 serving as a protective outer shell. Thecapsule body 2 is formed as a case having such an outer configuration and size that it can be passed through the esophageal canal upon being swallowed via the mouth. A sealed storage chamber is created within thecapsule body 2. As shown inFIG. 1 , thecapsule body 2 has a cylindrical intermediate section axially elongated compared with its diameter. Both the opposite end sections of thecapsule body 2, are each formed to have an axially outwardly extending hollow semispherical configuration with at least its outer surface smoothly formed. Since thecapsule body 2 is formed as being axially elongated compared with the diameter, it can be easily swallowed and the swallowing movement direction is readily liable to be guided toward the axial direction of thecapsule body 2. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , various kinds of associated component parts are incorporated within the storage chamber of the capsule body. Within thecapsule body 2 are stored asubstrate 3, an image taking device having animage pickup element 4 andilluminating elements 5 mounted on the substrate, an image (video)signal processing circuit 6, amemory 7, an image (video)signal transmitting circuit 8, a battery 9, anantenna 10, a position detecting means 11, etc. - As the
image pickup element 4 use is made of a solid state image pickup element such as a C-MOS and a CCD. As theilluminating elements 5 use is made of, for example, LEDs and so on. As shown inFIG. 2 , theilluminating elements 5 are equidistantly arranged around theimage pickup element 4. Each illuminating light emitted from the correspondingilluminating element 5 is radiated onto an image taking field through a transparent end wall of thecapsule body 2 to illuminate the image taking field. Theimage pickup element 4 takes images in the illuminated image taking field. - The image
signal processing circuit 6 processes signals taken by theimage taking element 4 in the image taking device to generate image signals. The signals are supplied to amemory 7 where these signals are once stored. The stored image signals are sequentially taken out by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 and sequentially converted to transmission signals. The transmission signals are sequentially transmitted via theantenna 10 to the outside by wireless. The battery 9 is used as a power source for each element, circuits and so on. - The position detecting means 11 has a sensor for detecting an electromagnetic field at its site and detects the position of the
capsule body 2 by the electromagnetic field detected by the sensor. For example, it responds to anexternal plate 12, such as a magnetic plate or conductive plate, as will be set out below to detect theexternal plate 12 and decides its own position. Further, it may be made to respond to an electromagnetic field generated in a magnetic coil if the external plate placed outside the living body is replaced by the magnetic coil. -
FIG. 3 shows areceiver 15 located outside the living body. Thereceiver 15 receives/records image signals sent by a wireless transmission from the capsule type endoscope 1. Thereceiver 15 includes a receivingantenna 16, an imagesignal receiving circuit 17 and an image recording means (memory) 18. The image signals received by the imagesignal receiving circuit 17 are recorded in the image recording means 18. The image recording means 18 transmits the image signals to amonitor 19 where these images are monitored. The images taken can also be transmitted to a given image receiver at a remote site via a communication means such as the Internet (not shown). - It is to be noted that a program capable of a variable setting is provided for the
image pickup element 4′ imageinformation transmitting circuit 8, imagesignal processing circuit 6 andmemory 7. The image taking rate by theimage pickup element 4, the transmission rate by the imageinformation transmitting circuit 8, the timing and time for allowing the storing of the image signals into thememory 7 through the imagesignal processing circuit 6 are arbitrarily set or variable by being programmable. These may be settable or variable even in such cases as to varying the program of a timer, etc., in thecapsule body 2 before swallowing thecapsule body 2, to vary a program by information from outside the living body after thecapsule body 2 has been swallowed, or to vary both. In this case, areceiver 41 andantenna 42 are provided in thecapsule body 2 as shown inFIG. 1 to receive information for instructing a variation of the information contents. - Now, an explanation will be made below about how to use the capsule type endoscope 1 set out above. First, as shown in
FIG. 4A , theexternal plate 12 is positioned in a manner to correspond to theesophageal canal 21 of apatient 20 and it is located on the external surface of thepatient 20. - After this, the capsule type endoscope 1 is swallowed via the mouth with its axial direction guided toward the swallowing movement direction.
- As shown in
FIG. 4A , the capsule type endoscope 1 passes through theesophageal canal 21 with its longitudinal axis direction guided toward the longitudinal direction of theesophageal canal 21. When the capsule type endoscope 1 passes through theesophageal canal 21, the position detecting means 11 of the capsule type endoscope 1 senses theexternal plate 12 and the image taking device starts its operation. The position detecting means 11, while sensing theexternal plate 12, decides that the capsule type endoscope 1 is situated in theesophageal canal 21. - As shown in
FIGS. 4A and 4B , while the capsule endoscope 1 is detected as being situated in theesophageal canal 21, the illuminatingelements 5 are lit and the image taking device is intermittently operated. The area of theesophageal canal 21 thus illuminated is thereby imaged by theimage pickup element 4 many number of times. - The capsule type endoscope 1 can pass through the
esophageal canal 21, usually within a very short time of one second. During this short time, theimage pickup element 4 takes many frames of an image at high speeds, while scanning the entire area of theesophageal canal 21. The minimum frame rate required for continuously scanning the entire area of theesophageal canal 21 is 5 frames/second. Assume that thecanal 21 is 30 cm long as in most cases, that the focal depth of the endoscope 1 is 6 cm and that it takes the endoscope 1 one second to pass thecanal 21. Then, the minimum frame rate is given as:
30 (cm)/6 (cm)/1 (sec)=5 frames/second - The length of the esophageal canal varies from person to person, and the focal depth of the endoscope 1 may change from time to time. If the endoscope 1 needs 0.5 seconds to pass through the
canal 21, the focal depth of the endoscope 1 is 1 cm, and 30 frames (=30 (cm)/1 (cm)) must be taken, then the frame rate should be 60 frames/second. - However, if the frame rate is less than 5 frames/second, for example 2 frames/second, it is not easy to set the focal depth at 10 cm or more. It is therefore hard to set the far point at 10 cm or more for tubular organs such as the esophageal canal. Consequently, it would be difficult to observe the esophageal canal continuously. However hard the patient tries, he or she cannot swallow the capsule to move it continuously and slowly through the entire esophageal canal. In view of this, the imaging of the canal must be carried out at a frame rate of at least 5 frames/second to achieve continuous observation of the entire area of the
esophageal canal 21. - Further, the image
signal processing circuit 6 sequentially processes those signals taken by theimage pickup element 4 to generate image signals, and these image signals are stored in thememory 7 in realtime. For example, an image of a hundred thousand pixels is compressed under the JPEG system and those images corresponding to 30 frames are sequentially retained in thememory 7. Here, recording rate at which the generated image signal is stored in thememory 7 in realtime is given by V1. - After the capsule type endoscope has dropped past the
esophageal canal 21 into the stomach, the image taking operation is stopped because the position detecting means 11 ceases to detect theexternal plate 12. Thus, the capsule type endoscope 1 performs a high-speed image taking operation only during the time in which it passes through the esophageal canal. Since the capsule type endoscope stops its image taking operation after it has dropped into the stomach and does not continue its image taking operation, the capacity of thememory 7 can be effectively utilized without wasting it. Further, the remaining capacity of thememory 7 can be kept for another image taking operation. - Although the signals of those images taken by the
image pickup element 4 of the image taking device have been once stored in thememory 7, the image information items are sequentially read out of thememory 7 and wirelessly transmitted by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 to the outside of the living body via theantenna 10. The operation of storing the signals of the images taken by theimage pickup element 4 is continued without waiting for the completion of the transmission of the previous image information items by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 and these are sequentially stored in thememory 7. - Incidentally, the transmitting speed V2 by the image
signal transmitting circuit 8 is as slow as a frame rate of two frames/second. However, the signals of the images taken by theimage taking element 4 continue their storing operation relative to thememory 7 without waiting for the completion of the transmission operation. That is, since the image signal taking operation while allowing the transmitting operation is continued, a larger amount of image signals can be stored in thememory 7. Even if the transmitting rate V2 is slower than the recording rate V1, it is possible to make the recording rate V1 fairly rapid. - Further, the image signals stored in the
memory 7 are wirelessly transmitted by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 to the outside of the living body via theantenna 10 in the order in which these image signals are stored. - The operation of storing the image signals into the
memory 7 and the transmitting operation by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 are carried out individually. A greater amount of image signals is stored for a shorter time period into thememory 7 and the image signals stored in thememory 7 are sequentially transmitted by the imagesignal transmitting circuit 8 to the outside of the living body in a wireless fashion. - On the other hand, the
receiver 15 externally installed as shown inFIG. 3 receives the image signals via the receivingantenna 16 which are transmitted from the capsule type endoscope 1 and the image signals are recorded via the imagesignal receiving circuit 17 into the image recording means 18. Further, the image signals are transmitted to themonitor 19 where these images are monitored or to an image receiver at a remote site through a communication means such as the Internet (not shown). - The position detecting means 11 as set out above detects the position of the
capsule body 2, and the image taking time, the times of image taking, and so on, are controlled. By doing so it is possible to adopt various kinds of image taking modes. For example, when the capsule body passes through the position corresponding to theexternal plate 12, images are taken at a frame rate of 60 frames/second and, after the passage of the capsule body past that corresponding position, switching is made to a mode in which images are obtained at a frame rate of 2 frames/second. By doing so, proper image taking is carried out in accordance with each site. - Although, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the position detecting means 11 detects the
external plate 12 to decide a position corresponding to the location of the capsule type endoscope 1, this invention is not restricted thereto and it is also possible to decide the position of the capsule type endoscope with the use of other position detecting systems. Further, the position detecting means as set out above may be comprised of a gyro, an acceleration sensor, a sensor for detecting the moving speed of thecapsule body 2, and so on. - Further, the position detected by the position detecting means 11 may be stored as position information in the
memory 43 and the position information may be wirelessly transmitted to the outside by the transmittingunit 45 including anantenna 44. Still further, an adjustingunit 48 may be provided for adjusting the image taking rate by theimage pickup element 4, the ON/OFF operation of the image taking, and so on, according to the position information of thecapsule body 2 detected by the detecting means 11 as shown inFIG. 1 . - An explanation will be made below about a capsule type endoscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention by referring to
FIG. 6 . The capsule type endoscope 1 of this invention includes a built-intimer 31 in acapsule body 2, and, by means of thistimer 31, the image taking time and the times of image taking by an image taking device, and so on, are controlled based both on its time data and according to a timer program. The remaining structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. - Based on the time data of the
timer 31 and according to the timer program, the image taking time, the times of image taking, and so on, can be controlled and, by doing so, various modes of image taking can be adopted. For example, the capsule type endoscope 1, after being passed through theesophageal canal 21, is discharged via the anus past the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine but it takes a whole day and night, unlike the passage of the capsule type endoscope through the esophageal canal, to move the capsule type endoscope through the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. For this reason, the image taking rate is varied or ON/OFF operated according to a schedule initially set by thetimer 31 and, by doing so, it is possible to effectively utilize a data retaining capacity in thememory 7 and also to reduce the wastage of the battery 9 for lighting illuminating means. An image taking examination can be made over the whole alimentary canal, including a gastrointestinal image taking examination after the capsule type endoscope has passed through theesophageal canal 21. - An explanation will be made below about a capsule type endoscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention by referring to
FIG. 7 . In the capsule type endoscope 1 according to this embodiment, the center of gravity, W, is located at or near a position corresponding to theimage pickup element 4. Here, it is located on a longitudinal axis of thecapsule body 2 at a position where thesubstrate 3 is situated. That is, the center of gravity, W, of the capsule type endoscope 1 is located at a forward site of thecapsule body 2 on theimage pickup element 4 side. The position of gravity, W is determined depending upon the shape and material of thecapsule body 2 as well as the size and number of built-in component parts and their locations, and so on, and it is determined from the standpoint of these design considerations. - Since the center of gravity, W, of the capsule type endoscope 1 is located at the forward site of the
capsule body 2 on theimage pickup element 4 side, the capsule type endoscope 1 is easier to swallow and, after being swallowed, the direction of thecapsule body 2 is stably guided and it is possible to stably and positively take images in the esophageal canal. - An explanation will be made below about a capsule type endoscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention by referring to
FIG. 8 . In the capsule type endoscope 1 of the fourth embodiment, itscapsule body 2 is so formed as to have a semi-spherical configuration at the forward end section as viewed from its longitudinal direction and the backward end section of thecapsule body 2 is so formed as to be gradually tapered toward a backward direction. The forward end section of thecapsule body 2 is larger in diameter than the backward end section. If thecapsule body 2 is made thicker on the forward end side, then the center of gravity, W, of the capsule type endoscope 1 tends to be located toward the forward section of thecapsule body 2. Since thecapsule body 2 has such a shape as set out above, it is easier to swallow toward a predetermined direction. - An explanation will be made below about a capsule type endoscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention by referring to
FIG. 9 . In the capsule type endoscope 1 according to this embodiment, itscapsule body 2 is so formed as to have image taking devices incorporated at opposite longitudinal end portions. By so doing it is possible to take images at both the longitudinal forward and backward sections of thecapsule body 2. The respective image taking device is so formed as to have its correspondingimage pickup element 4 and illuminatingelements 5 mounted on acorresponding substrate 3. - According to the thus structured capsule type endoscope 1, when the
capsule body 2 is swallowed, it is possible to take images not only at its forward section but also at its backward section as viewed in its moving direction and, hence, to take more images corresponding to more sites of interest. In addition, it is also possible to take images corresponding to the inner wall sites of the esophageal canal from different directions. As a result, more reliability is ensured on diagnosis. - Since the backward sites can be taken as images when the
capsule body 2 is swallowed, it is possible to take images at an important region of interest just at or near the exit opening of the esophagus into the stomach, in particular, immediately before, and just at the moment of, the dropping of thecapsule body 2 into the stomach. - An explanation will be made below about a capsule type endoscope according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention by referring to
FIGS. 10 and 11 . In the capsule type endoscope 1 of this embodiment, acapsule body 2 has a softflat tail 35 at its backward portion. - According to the capsule type endoscope 1 having such a
tail 35, thecapsule body 2 is easier to swallow and, when the capsule type endoscope 1 has been swallowed, the direction of thecapsule body 2 is stably oriented by thetail 35 and it is possible to positively take images of the inner wall of the esophageal canal. - It is to be noted that the present invention set out above is not restricted to the above-mentioned respective embodiments and can be applied to other modes of application. Although, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the explanation has been made more about taking images of the inner wall of the esophageal canal, the object of the image taking is not restricted to the esophagus and the present invention can be applied to image taking of a region of interest to examine not only the esophagus but also those organs such as the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine for any affected region of interest and its neighborhood. In this case, it is only necessary to set the position of the position detecting means and program of the timer to the region of interest.
- The present invention is not limited to the capsule type endoscope described above, which has a battery in the capsule body to supply power to the elements and circuits provided in the endoscope. Rather, the invention may be applied to a capsule type endoscope shown in
FIG. 6 , in which apower receiver 46 is provided in thecapsule body 2. Thereceiver 46 continuously receives power that is supplied from the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves, for example, microwaves or light that passes through the living tissues and organs. Further, a battery may be provided for storing electric power received by thepower receiver 46 or may be made rechargeable. According to such a structure, the electric power can be continuously supplied in a contactless way from outside to the capsule type endoscope in a living body and there is the advantage that the capsule type endoscope in the living body can be positively operated for a long time. Stated in more detail, the capsule body has a built-in power receiving means such as a power receiving antenna or a solar cell unit and, outside the living body, a power transmitting antenna or light emitting means as a light emitting plate/light emitting unit is arranged toward the inside of the living body. - Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (15)
1. A method of obtaining images of a subject using a capsule type medical device, the method comprising:
a) introducing the capsule type medical device having an imaging device into the subject;
b) capturing a first image in the subject;
c) capturing a second image in the subject;
d) storing the first image into a storage device;
e) storing the second image into the storage device;
f) transmitting the first image to outside of the subject by a wireless signal; and
g) transmitting the second image to outside of the subject by the wireless signal;
h) wherein the storing of the second image is at least initiated before completion of the transmission of the first image.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the capturing of the first and second images includes capturing the first image using a first imaging device and capturing the second image using a second imaging device.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the capturing of the first image includes capturing the first image in a first direction and the capturing of the second image includes capturing the second image in a second direction.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the first direction is different from the second direction.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the storing of the first image and the second image includes storing the first image into a first storage device and storing the second image into a second storage device.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first image and the second image are consecutive images with respect to time.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the capturing of the first image includes capturing the first image using a first imaging device and the capturing of the second image includes capturing the second image using a second imaging device; and
wherein the capturing of the first image is at least initiated before the capturing of the second image is initiated.
9. A capsule type medical device adapted to obtain an image comprising:
a) an imaging device adapted to capture a first image and a second image;
b) a storage device adapted to successively store the first image and the second image; and
c) a transmission portion adapted to successively read the first image and second image stored in the storage device and successively transmit the first image and the second image by a wireless signal;
d) wherein the storage device is adapted to at least initiate storing the second image before completion of the transmission of the first image.
10. The capsule type medical device according to claim 9 , wherein the imaging device includes a first imaging device and a second imaging device.
11. The capsule type medical device according to claim 9 , wherein the first imaging device is adapted to capture the images in a first direction and the second imaging device is adapted to capture the images in a second direction.
12. The capsule type medical device according to claim 11 , wherein the first direction is different from the second direction.
13. The capsule type medical device according to claim 12 , wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other.
14. The capsule type medical device according to claim 11 , wherein the storage device includes a first storage device and a second storage device.
15. A method of obtaining images in a subject using a capsule type medical device, comprising:
a) introducing the capsule type medical device having an imaging device into the subject;
b) capturing an image in the subject;
c) storing the image into a storage device;
d) reading the image from the storage device; and
e) transmitting the image to outside of the subject by a wireless signal;
f) wherein the transmitting of the image is initiated before completion of the reading of the image.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050250991A1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
US7704205B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
US20070135680A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US20020198439A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
US20080125627A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
US6939292B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
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