US20070274646A1 - Fiber node with active optical to rf interface connector - Google Patents
Fiber node with active optical to rf interface connector Download PDFInfo
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- US20070274646A1 US20070274646A1 US11/440,936 US44093606A US2007274646A1 US 20070274646 A1 US20070274646 A1 US 20070274646A1 US 44093606 A US44093606 A US 44093606A US 2007274646 A1 US2007274646 A1 US 2007274646A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/389—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type
- G02B6/3891—Bayonet type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4292—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements the light guide being disconnectable from the opto-electronic element, e.g. mutually self aligning arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to electrical and RF connectors, and more specifically relates to both connectors for use at an interface between the end of a fiber optic cable and a photodetector or a light transmitting device, or in the former converting light from the cable into an electrical signal, and for the latter converting an electrical signal into an optical signal for transmission over the fiber optic cable, and also relates to a fiber node including such connectors.
- Fiber optic cable is now being employed in many systems from the point of transmission of television and data signals to the subscriber's premises.
- the use of coaxial cable for television and telecommunication systems is rapidly being replaced by the use of fiber optic cables because optical signals travel greater distances and require less repeater amplification than electrical signals transmitted via coaxial cable.
- Fiber optic signal distribution systems are also immune to electromagnetic interference either as ingress or egress.
- fiber optic cables in cable television systems such cables consist of numerous single optical fibers, each capable of carrying a full spectrum of television and data information services. It is possible to allocate each fiber in a fiber optic cable at the subscriber end of a distribution system to an individual subscriber. Typically, a male connector is attached to the end of each fiber to enable the fibers to be connected to terminal equipment in a subscriber's home or business.
- the terminal equipment permits bi-directional communication between a subscriber and the cable television provider. In this example, the terminal equipment converts optical signals from the provider into electrical radio frequency signals for use by the subscriber, and also converts the electrical signals generated by the subscriber or the subscriber's equipment into optical signals for transmission over the optical cable to the provider.
- Known terminal equipment typically employs an optical to RF interface connector configured for direct attachment to a printed circuit board within the housing of the terminal equipment.
- the fiber optic cable at the subscriber's end typically has a male connector attached to it, whereby the connector in a portion of the associated fiber optic cable must be passed through a hole in the housing of the terminal equipment, and plugged into the female optical to RF interface connector mounted on the printed circuit board.
- Interconnecting the terminal end of a fiber optic cable to a subscriber's terminal equipment is time consuming, and sometimes involves coiling of the fiber optic cable within the housing of the terminal equipment, that may attenuate the optical signal, or in a worse case may interrupt the signal, all of which increases the installation time to insure proper operation.
- the present inventors recognize that there is a need in the art for improved optical to RF interface connectors and connection systems.
- One embodiment of the invention is an optical to RF interface connector that includes a housing or shell having a back portion configured for retaining a light detector device or light/laser transmitter device, and a front portion configured for receiving and securing to a terminating connector mounted on an end of a fiber optic cable, for permitting optical signals to pass between the fiber optic cable and the light detector or light/laser transmitter.
- the housing or shell is further configured for pressing a back portion into the housing of an associated electrical device.
- the electrical leads of the light detecting or light transmitting device protrude from the back portion of the shell in a manner facilitating connection of the leads to a printed circuit board located within the housing of the associated electrical device.
- At least two of the inventive optical to RF interface connectors are press fit into the housing of a fiber node or optical to RF media conversion unit, whereby one of the connectors retains a light transmitter for optically transmitting broadband signals back to the optical cable system of a cable television provider, whereas the other connector retains a light detecting device for the reception of broadband signals from the fiber optic cable as transmitted from the cable system provider.
- the fiber node or bi-directional RF/optical converter includes means for electrically operating the light transmitting device to convert electrical signals to optical signals for transmission through the fiber optic cable connected to the optical to RF interface output connector, and means for operating the light detecting device to convert optical signals from a fiber optic cable connected to the optical to RF interface input connector into electrical signals, whereby a diplex filter is used to bi-directionally couple electrical output and input signals between a bi-directional RF connector of the converter, and the means for operating the light transmitting device, and means for operating the light detecting or receiving device, respectively.
- FIG. 1 is a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the connector of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a back elevational view of the connector of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the connector of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the connector of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6A is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector of FIG. 1 , for a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6B is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector of FIG. 1 , for a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6C is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector of FIG. 1 , for a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a pictorial view looking toward the front of a known optical receiving or electrical transmitting device packaged in either one of the TO-18, TO-46, or TO-52 “top hat” packaging configuration;
- FIG. 8A shows a pictorial view looking toward the front or “top hat” end of TO-56 packaging configuration for a known optical transmitting or receiving device
- FIG. 8B shows a bottom view (absent the electrical leads) of the packaging configuration of FIG. 8A ;
- FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along 9 - 9 of FIG. 1 , for one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a top view of a fiber node or optical to RF media conversion device incorporating at least two of the connectors of FIG. 1 , for another embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 11 shows a pictorial view looking toward the back of the device of FIG. 10 , showing the mounting of the optical to RF interface connectors;
- FIG. 12 shows a pictorial view looking toward the front of the device of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 13 shows a bottom plan view of the device of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 14 shows a block schematic diagram of the electronic circuitry for the device of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 15 shows a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 16 is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector of FIG. 15 ;
- FIG. 17 is a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 18 is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector of FIG. 17 for the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 a pictorial view looking toward the front left side of the present connector 2 is shown for a first embodiment of the invention.
- the female connector is configured for receiving an ST style male connector, the latter being a male fiber optic cable connector that is known in the art.
- the protrusions 4 and an open slot 6 provide for the bayonet interlocking configuration with the male ST connector at the end of a fiber optic cable (not shown).
- the protrusions 4 and open slot 6 are formed in a frontmost cylindrical segment 8 , having a front face 3 with a beveled inside edge 5 , and a hole 18 , as shown.
- the inside diameter of hole 18 of the initial portion of the cylindrical segment 8 is dimensioned for snugly receiving the outermost portion of the male ST connector (not shown) to be received by the connector 2 .
- a ferrule located at the frontmost portion of the standard ST male optical fiber connector is received in hole 18 of connector 2 .
- the hole 18 has a back face 10 , that has a centrally located hole 20 .
- the cylindrical segment 8 terminates to a back cylindrical segment 12 that includes a flat portion 14 for providing a D-configuration. In the preferred embodiment, segment 12 , is knurled on its cylindrical portion, as shown.
- the back cylindrical segment 12 has a larger outside diameter than a frontmost cylindrical segment 8 of connector 2 , as shown.
- the back circumferential edge 16 is beveled, with the back cylindrical segment 12 being otherwise configured for press fitting into a D-hole (not shown) of the housing of an electrical optical device.
- a D-hole (not shown) of the housing of an electrical optical device.
- FIG. 2 A front elevational view of the present connector 2 is shown in FIG. 2 .
- the hole 18 in the frontmost segment 8 receives a portion of the male ST connector
- the hole 20 of the reduced inside diameter segment 10 is sized to receive the center ferrule of the male ST connector (not shown).
- the front edge of the hole 20 includes a beveled surface 21 proximate its interface with the backwall 10 of hole 18 .
- FIG. 3 a back elevational view of the connector 2 is shown.
- a beveled edge 22 is provided on a back portion or edge of the cylindrical segment 12 , as previously mentioned. Proceeding inward from the beveled edge 22 , a flat band like circular face or portion 24 is shown, followed by a hole 26 , followed by a flat ring-like portion 28 (back face of hole 26 ), followed by countersunk hole 30 having a backwall 29 , terminating to the center hole 20 which extends through to the reduced inside segment 10 in the frontmost portion or segment 8 .
- the countersunk hole 30 , and its backwall 28 are configured for receiving and press fitting therein an electro-optical device having a top-hat configuration, as will be described in greater detail below.
- Bottom and top plan views of the connector 2 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , respectively.
- FIG. 6A A pictorial view looking toward the back of the connector 2 is shown in FIG. 6A , for one embodiment of the invention.
- a slotway 32 is included in a portion of a sidewall 23 of the countersunk hole 26 for insuring proper alignment of an optical device to be press fitted therein to, such as TO-18, TO-46, and TO-52 top-hat shells as known in the art.
- FIG. 7 A pictorial view looking toward the front of such a top-hat electrical optical device 33 is shown in FIG. 7 .
- the shell includes a tab 34 protruding from a collar-like portion 36 , and a frontmost cylindrical portion 38 extending from the top 36 .
- a circular window 40 is included at the top of a stub-like cylindrical portion 38 , for providing for the passage of a lightbeam either from the device in the case of a light transmitting device, or to the device in the case of a light receiving device, for example.
- Three electrical leads 42 are shown in this example protruding from the bottom of the device, which as previously explained, are typically electrically connected to a printed circuit board, or some other component within the housing of the electro-optical device to which the present connector 2 is press fit.
- FIG. 6C In another embodiment of the invention, as FIG. 6C , three elongated semicircular protrusions 44 are axially aligned and spaced apart on the sidewall 23 of the hole 26 for ensuring proper alignment of an electro-optical receiving or transmitting device that is housed within a TO-56 shell.
- a pictorial view looking toward the front of a optical device 35 housed in TO-56 shell is shown in FIG. 8A to include a pair of electrical leads 46 , a collar-like portion 48 , a cylindrical stud-like portion 50 extending from the collar 48 , the latter having an optical window 52 in the top center portion thereof for permitting the passage of light.
- the collar 48 includes three semicircular grooves 54 spaced apart about its circumference, as shown in the back view of FIG.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B When the device 35 of FIGS. 8A and 8B , as housed in a TO-56 top-hat shell, in this example, is press fit into the connector 2 , the grooves 54 align with the semicircular protrusions 44 (see FIG. 6C ), for ensuring that the associated optical device 35 is properly aligned, thereby ensuring that electrical leads 46 can be connected within the housing without interference with one another.
- the optical device alignment mechanisms shown in the embodiments of the invention of FIGS. 6B and 6C are not meant to be limiting, and the back portion of the connector 2 can be configured for receiving optical electrical devices contained within other housing or shell configurations.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the connector 2 of FIG. 1 taken along 9 - 9 .
- an optical device 56 having electrical leads 58 protruding from the bottom thereof is shown installed within the connector 2 , wherein the retention is via press fit in the preferred embodiment, as previously described.
- the optical device 56 can be secured by other than press fitting, such as the use of appropriate epoxies, and other adhesive materials, for example.
- the connector 2 is press fit into a D-hole of the enclosure or housing 60 of the electro-optical apparatus.
- Dimension “A” determines the depth of an electro-optical transmitting or receiving device 56 that is predetermined for the top-hat shell thereof.
- the dimension “B” is predetermined for controlling the depth of the electro-optical device 56 within connector 2 .
- Dimension “C” is the inside diameter of the hole 30 , which is predetermined for permitting press fitting of the collar or flange portion 62 of device 56 into hole 30 .
- Dimension “D” represents the innermost and minimum diameter of the inward hole 26 of connector 2 for receiving the flange or collar portion 62 of electro-optical transmitting or receiving device 56 .
- Dimension “E” represents the length of the hole 20 necessary for receiving the optical fiber ferrule sleeve of the male ST connector (not shown) to be mated to the connector 2 of the present invention.
- Dimension “F” is the inside diameter of hole 20 necessary for snugly but slidingly receiving the ferrule of the mating ST male connector. Note that dimensions “A,” “B,” and “E” determine the distance required such that the receiving or transmitting end of the optical fiber within the ferrule sleeve of the mating male connector, and the light receiving or transmitting electro-optical device 56 are in physical contact.
- the above-described embodiments of the invention are not meant to be limiting.
- the dimensions “A” through “F,” and the length and configuration of the frontmost cylindrical segment 8 of connector 2 can all be modified for accommodating different types of electro-optical transmitting and receiving devices 56 , and for mating with many other male terminating connectors at the ends of fiber optic cables, other than ST male connectors.
- other known optical cable terminating connectors that can be mated with by changing the configuration of a connector 2 include MT/RJ, SC, SC/APC, E-2000, O-C, FC, FC/APC, LC, and LC/APC all of which are known in the art.
- the acronym “APC” stands for Angle-polished Physical Contact.
- the present connector 2 through the use of press fit into the housing of an electro-optical apparatus or device, is suitable for radio frequency interference (RFI) sealing of the housing, and moisture sealing, where the housing is used for an outdoor environment.
- RFID radio frequency interference
- the present inventors have developed an engineering prototype for a “fiber node” 64 (also known as an “optical to RF media conversion unit,” or “a bi-directional RF/optical converter”) that utilizes the present connectors 20 for facilitating the connection of fiber optic cables thereto.
- a fiber node 64 to have many unique features, including the use of the subject inventive connectors 2 for eliminating the requirement of passing a fiber optic cable with its connector through a hole in the housing of the device 64 to mate with a female connector mounted upon a PC board, or otherwise within the employer of the housing 60 of the fiber node 64 apparatus.
- a top view of the fiber node 64 includes at one end a leftmost one of the present connectors 2 for providing a “REV Fiber Out” port 66 fiber interface with a laser transmitting device representing electro-optical device 56 of FIG. 9 , for transmission of the optically modulated reverse CATV spectrum along a fiber optic cable connected to the associated connector 2 , as previously described.
- the rightmost connector 2 represents a fiber optic port “FWD Fiber In” port 68 for providing a fiber optic interface for the reception of the optically modulated forward CATV spectrum from a fiber optic cable terminated to the port 68 for coupling optical signals to a light receiving device representing electro-optical device 56 of FIG. 9 .
- Four F-type coaxial connectors are associated with ports 72 , 74 , 76 , and 78 , respectively.
- Port 72 provides a reverse spectrum test point (Rev TP).
- Port 74 provides a DC power termination, for in this example receiving 12 volts. Also in this example, the reverse spectrum frequency ranges from 5 to 42 MHZ.
- Port 76 provides a termination for a forward spectrum test point (Fwd TP) for a spectrum signal frequency range of 52-870 MHZ.
- port 78 provides a “DC/RF” termination for both interfacing bi-directional RF signals to a user, and receiving DC power from a known adapter device that combines DC power and RF signals on a single coaxial cable.
- a light emitting diode (LED) 80 that is activated to emit light to indicate that the light transmitting optical device 56 is active at port 66
- another LED 82 activated to indicate that optical signals are being received at port 68 by an optical or light receiving device employed for the electro-optical device 56 .
- Test points 84 , 86 , and 88 are included in this example between LEDS 80 and 82 , as shown.
- One volt per milliwatt of optical power is provided at test point 84 for checking the power level of the signals being transmitted, which is proportional to the optical signal strength thereof.
- Test point 86 provides a common ground for the test points 84 and 88 .
- Test point 88 provides for a measure of the DC bias level, which is proportional to the optical signal strength of the optical signals being received at port 68 .
- the housing 60 includes left side and right side mounting flanges 90 , and 92 , respectively, each having open elevated slots 94 , 96 , respectively, for facilitating the positioning of the housing 60 on a flat mounting surface (not shown).
- FIG. 11 a back view of the fiber node 64 is shown.
- the housing is formed from appropriate metal material, in this example.
- a ground termination device 89 is provided along a side portion of the housing proximate port 72 , as shown in this example.
- a front view of the fiber node 64 is shown in FIG. 12 .
- a bottom view thereof is shown in FIG. 13 .
- a bottom cover plate 98 is secured to the bottom of fiber node 64 in a manner hermetically sealing the components contained within the housing from the elements, via a known sealing technique such as using appropriate gasket material and adhesives or solder.
- FIG. 14 A block schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 14 for the fiber node 64 in this embodiment of the invention.
- the fiber node 64 provides a bi-directional RF and optical converter device or apparatus that includes a printed circuit board 103 mounted within the fiber node housing 60 , in this example, via four grounding screws 120 located at each corner of the printed circuit board 103 , as shown and at other locations where grounding of the circuit to the housing is necessary.
- a laser diode 100 is secured within a connector 2 at port 66
- a photodiode 102 is secured within the associated connector 2 at port 68 .
- the photodiode 102 converts optical input signals into electrical signals which are connected to input terminals of a receive control circuit 114 , and an amplifier 118 .
- the receive control circuit 114 provides power to LED 82 for indicating that signals are being received, and also delivers a voltage proportional to the optical power to the test point 88 .
- the output of amplifier 118 is connected to the input of a directional coupler 116 .
- the directional coupler couples electrical input signals to the forward receive test point port 76 , and also to a diplex filter 112 . Electrical signals are also bi-directionally coupled between the diplex filter 112 and port 78 , the latter providing bi-directional RF signal flow between a subscriber and the cable system provider.
- the diplex filter 112 also has an output connected to a directional coupler 106 for delivering electrical RF output signals from directional coupler 106 to port 72 providing a reverse transmit test point, and also to the input of a laser driver 104 .
- the laser driver 104 is connected to a transmit control circuit 108 , and also to laser diode 100 ; in this example, for converting the reverse RF output signals to optical signals, for transmission to the cable provider.
- the transmit control 108 also provides an output to LED 80 for indicating times that reverse RF output signals are being transmitted.
- the transmit control 108 also delivers a voltage proportional to the transmitted optical power to test point 84 .
- a second embodiment of the invention is for providing in this example a rectangular configured optical to RF interface connector 104 for mating with SC, LC E2000, MTRJ, and MU male fiber optic cable termination connectors.
- the frontmost segment of the connector 104 for this second embodiment of the invention is a substantially rectangular shell or enclosure 106 including an interface keyway or slot 108 cut through the shell from the open front face 110 toward the rear portion of the shell 106 , as shown.
- the shell 106 has a hollow cavity. 112 , and a back wall 114 that has a cylindrical optical fiber ferrule guide 116 protruding therefrom into the interior of the cavity 112 , as shown.
- the through hole 118 of the optical ferrule guide 116 passes through to the back cylindrical segment 118 to permit light to travel between the electro-optical device 56 mounted within the back cylindrical segment 118 , in substantially the same manner as shown in FIG. 9 for the first embodiment of the invention.
- the flat portion 120 in the back cylindrical segment 118 serves as a press-fit orientation key.
- the remaining round outside portion of cylindrical segment of 118 is narrowed in the preferred embodiment of invention.
- An O-ring seal 122 is provided around the innermost portion of the back cylindrical segment 118 , as shown.
- the back cylindrical segment 118 of this alternative embodiment is substantially similar to the back cylindrical segment 12 of the first embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 9 .
- FIGS. 17 and 18 A third embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 for an optical to RF interface connector configured for mating with male FC, and SMA Optical fiber termination connectors. More particularly, the connector includes a threaded frontmost cylindrical segment 124 that is provided with a connector interface keyway 126 cut into its front edge, as shown. A cylindrical optical fiber ferrule guide 128 is centrally located within the cylindrical segment 124 , as shown, and serves the same purpose as the ferrule guide of the second embodiment of the invention (see FIG. 15 ). A back cylindrical segment 130 is included as shown, with the rounded portion narrowed to provide better press-fit retention, and also configured with a flat portion 132 serving as a press-fit orientation key.
- the back cylindrical portion 130 has a greater outside diameter than the frontmost threaded cylindrical segment 124 , in this example.
- a circular flange 134 is located between the frontmost threaded cylindrical segment 124 and the back cylindrical portion 130 , as shown.
- the flange 134 has a greater outside diameter than the back cylindrical portion 130 .
- the configuration of the back portion 130 is substantially the same as that of the back portion 118 of the second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 16 , which each include inner ring seal 122 .
- an alternative embodiment of the invention for providing a female optical to RF interface connector for mating with a male ST fiber optical cable termination connector includes a frontmost cylindrical portion 8 that is configured in substantially the same manner as shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 A.
- the back cylindrical portion 130 is configured in substantially the same manner as that shown for the embodiments of FIGS. 17 and 18 .
- the various embodiments of the present invention provide a connector that relative to the prior art increases the interface reliability for the fiber optic cable connection, and reduces insertion loss by eliminating the necessity to loop a portion of fiber optic cable around the inside perimeter of the housing of a device, and by providing a direct electrical connection from the connector to the printed circuit board or other electrical components housed within the enclosure of the particular fiber optic device.
- the alternative connector embodiments of the invention all permit the use of smaller enclosures or housings for the associated electro-optical devices, and further insure an RF seal to meet the requirements of Electromagnetic Interference suppression greater than 120 dB.
- the press-fit connector embodiments insure a pressure tight seal between the connector and the housing of the associated device for preventing moisture migration into the interior of the housing.
- a yet further another advantage of the present invention in its various embodiments is that the alternative connector embodiments provide for optimum heat sinking of the active optical component mounted within the connector, whereby heat can pass from the optical component to the connector, and therefrom to the housing or enclosure of the associated device, thereby temperature stabilizing the optical component.
- the press fit configuration of connectors of the various embodiments of the invention can alternatively be screw-in type mounting by configuring the back portion to be externally threaded.
- said connector embodiments can be made from any suitable metallic material such as nickel or tin plated brass, for example.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to electrical and RF connectors, and more specifically relates to both connectors for use at an interface between the end of a fiber optic cable and a photodetector or a light transmitting device, or in the former converting light from the cable into an electrical signal, and for the latter converting an electrical signal into an optical signal for transmission over the fiber optic cable, and also relates to a fiber node including such connectors.
- Optical transmission of television and data signals has been rapidly expanded for use in television, and telecommunication systems. In cable television systems, fiber optic cable is now being employed in many systems from the point of transmission of television and data signals to the subscriber's premises. The use of coaxial cable for television and telecommunication systems is rapidly being replaced by the use of fiber optic cables because optical signals travel greater distances and require less repeater amplification than electrical signals transmitted via coaxial cable. Fiber optic signal distribution systems are also immune to electromagnetic interference either as ingress or egress.
- As one example of usage of fiber optic cables in cable television systems, such cables consist of numerous single optical fibers, each capable of carrying a full spectrum of television and data information services. It is possible to allocate each fiber in a fiber optic cable at the subscriber end of a distribution system to an individual subscriber. Typically, a male connector is attached to the end of each fiber to enable the fibers to be connected to terminal equipment in a subscriber's home or business. The terminal equipment permits bi-directional communication between a subscriber and the cable television provider. In this example, the terminal equipment converts optical signals from the provider into electrical radio frequency signals for use by the subscriber, and also converts the electrical signals generated by the subscriber or the subscriber's equipment into optical signals for transmission over the optical cable to the provider.
- Known terminal equipment typically employs an optical to RF interface connector configured for direct attachment to a printed circuit board within the housing of the terminal equipment. The fiber optic cable at the subscriber's end typically has a male connector attached to it, whereby the connector in a portion of the associated fiber optic cable must be passed through a hole in the housing of the terminal equipment, and plugged into the female optical to RF interface connector mounted on the printed circuit board. Interconnecting the terminal end of a fiber optic cable to a subscriber's terminal equipment is time consuming, and sometimes involves coiling of the fiber optic cable within the housing of the terminal equipment, that may attenuate the optical signal, or in a worse case may interrupt the signal, all of which increases the installation time to insure proper operation. The present inventors recognize that there is a need in the art for improved optical to RF interface connectors and connection systems.
- One embodiment of the invention is an optical to RF interface connector that includes a housing or shell having a back portion configured for retaining a light detector device or light/laser transmitter device, and a front portion configured for receiving and securing to a terminating connector mounted on an end of a fiber optic cable, for permitting optical signals to pass between the fiber optic cable and the light detector or light/laser transmitter. The housing or shell is further configured for pressing a back portion into the housing of an associated electrical device. The electrical leads of the light detecting or light transmitting device protrude from the back portion of the shell in a manner facilitating connection of the leads to a printed circuit board located within the housing of the associated electrical device. In another embodiment of the invention, at least two of the inventive optical to RF interface connectors are press fit into the housing of a fiber node or optical to RF media conversion unit, whereby one of the connectors retains a light transmitter for optically transmitting broadband signals back to the optical cable system of a cable television provider, whereas the other connector retains a light detecting device for the reception of broadband signals from the fiber optic cable as transmitted from the cable system provider. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the fiber node or bi-directional RF/optical converter includes means for electrically operating the light transmitting device to convert electrical signals to optical signals for transmission through the fiber optic cable connected to the optical to RF interface output connector, and means for operating the light detecting device to convert optical signals from a fiber optic cable connected to the optical to RF interface input connector into electrical signals, whereby a diplex filter is used to bi-directionally couple electrical output and input signals between a bi-directional RF connector of the converter, and the means for operating the light transmitting device, and means for operating the light detecting or receiving device, respectively.
- Various embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, in which like items are identified by the same reference designation, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the connector ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a back elevational view of the connector ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the connector ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the connector ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6A is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector ofFIG. 1 , for a first embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6B is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector ofFIG. 1 , for a second embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6C is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector ofFIG. 1 , for a third embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 7 shows a pictorial view looking toward the front of a known optical receiving or electrical transmitting device packaged in either one of the TO-18, TO-46, or TO-52 “top hat” packaging configuration; -
FIG. 8A shows a pictorial view looking toward the front or “top hat” end of TO-56 packaging configuration for a known optical transmitting or receiving device; -
FIG. 8B shows a bottom view (absent the electrical leads) of the packaging configuration ofFIG. 8A ; -
FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along 9-9 ofFIG. 1 , for one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 10 shows a top view of a fiber node or optical to RF media conversion device incorporating at least two of the connectors ofFIG. 1 , for another embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 11 shows a pictorial view looking toward the back of the device ofFIG. 10 , showing the mounting of the optical to RF interface connectors; -
FIG. 12 shows a pictorial view looking toward the front of the device ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 13 shows a bottom plan view of the device ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 14 shows a block schematic diagram of the electronic circuitry for the device ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 15 shows a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for a second embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 16 is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector ofFIG. 15 ; -
FIG. 17 is a pictorial view looking toward a front portion of an optical to RF interface connector for a third embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 18 is a pictorial view looking toward a back portion of the connector ofFIG. 17 for the third embodiment of the invention. - With reference to
FIG. 1 , a pictorial view looking toward the front left side of thepresent connector 2 is shown for a first embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the female connector is configured for receiving an ST style male connector, the latter being a male fiber optic cable connector that is known in the art. Theprotrusions 4 and anopen slot 6 provide for the bayonet interlocking configuration with the male ST connector at the end of a fiber optic cable (not shown). Theprotrusions 4 andopen slot 6 are formed in a frontmostcylindrical segment 8, having afront face 3 with a beveled insideedge 5, and ahole 18, as shown. The inside diameter ofhole 18 of the initial portion of thecylindrical segment 8 is dimensioned for snugly receiving the outermost portion of the male ST connector (not shown) to be received by theconnector 2. As will be described in greater detail below, a ferrule located at the frontmost portion of the standard ST male optical fiber connector is received inhole 18 ofconnector 2. Thehole 18 has aback face 10, that has a centrally locatedhole 20. Thecylindrical segment 8 terminates to a backcylindrical segment 12 that includes aflat portion 14 for providing a D-configuration. In the preferred embodiment,segment 12, is knurled on its cylindrical portion, as shown. The backcylindrical segment 12 has a larger outside diameter than a frontmostcylindrical segment 8 ofconnector 2, as shown. The backcircumferential edge 16 is beveled, with the backcylindrical segment 12 being otherwise configured for press fitting into a D-hole (not shown) of the housing of an electrical optical device. Use of the D-hole configuration, along with theflattened portion 14 ofsegment 12, insures that theconnector 2 is properly oriented when press fit into the housing, to insure that the leads of an electrical optical device retained in thesegment 12 are optimally aligned to facilitate connection of the leads from the device (not shown) to a printed circuit board or other electrical termination within the housing (not shown) of the electro-optical device (not shown). This configuration will be discussed in greater detail below. - A front elevational view of the
present connector 2 is shown inFIG. 2 . As previously explained, thehole 18 in thefrontmost segment 8 receives a portion of the male ST connector, and thehole 20 of the reduced insidediameter segment 10 is sized to receive the center ferrule of the male ST connector (not shown). Note that the front edge of thehole 20 includes abeveled surface 21 proximate its interface with thebackwall 10 ofhole 18. - In
FIG. 3 , a back elevational view of theconnector 2 is shown. Abeveled edge 22 is provided on a back portion or edge of thecylindrical segment 12, as previously mentioned. Proceeding inward from thebeveled edge 22, a flat band like circular face orportion 24 is shown, followed by ahole 26, followed by a flat ring-like portion 28 (back face of hole 26), followed by countersunkhole 30 having abackwall 29, terminating to thecenter hole 20 which extends through to the reduced insidesegment 10 in the frontmost portion orsegment 8. As will be shown in greater detail below, the countersunkhole 30, and itsbackwall 28 are configured for receiving and press fitting therein an electro-optical device having a top-hat configuration, as will be described in greater detail below. Bottom and top plan views of theconnector 2 are shown inFIGS. 4 and 5 , respectively. - A pictorial view looking toward the back of the
connector 2 is shown inFIG. 6A , for one embodiment of the invention. In another embodiment of the invention, as shown inFIG. 6B , aslotway 32 is included in a portion of asidewall 23 of the countersunkhole 26 for insuring proper alignment of an optical device to be press fitted therein to, such as TO-18, TO-46, and TO-52 top-hat shells as known in the art. A pictorial view looking toward the front of such a top-hat electrical optical device 33 is shown inFIG. 7 . The shell includes atab 34 protruding from a collar-like portion 36, and a frontmostcylindrical portion 38 extending from the top 36. Acircular window 40 is included at the top of a stub-likecylindrical portion 38, for providing for the passage of a lightbeam either from the device in the case of a light transmitting device, or to the device in the case of a light receiving device, for example. Threeelectrical leads 42 are shown in this example protruding from the bottom of the device, which as previously explained, are typically electrically connected to a printed circuit board, or some other component within the housing of the electro-optical device to which thepresent connector 2 is press fit. - In another embodiment of the invention, as
FIG. 6C , three elongatedsemicircular protrusions 44 are axially aligned and spaced apart on thesidewall 23 of thehole 26 for ensuring proper alignment of an electro-optical receiving or transmitting device that is housed within a TO-56 shell. A pictorial view looking toward the front of aoptical device 35 housed in TO-56 shell is shown inFIG. 8A to include a pair ofelectrical leads 46, a collar-like portion 48, a cylindrical stud-like portion 50 extending from thecollar 48, the latter having anoptical window 52 in the top center portion thereof for permitting the passage of light. Thecollar 48 includes threesemicircular grooves 54 spaced apart about its circumference, as shown in the back view ofFIG. 8B . When thedevice 35 ofFIGS. 8A and 8B , as housed in a TO-56 top-hat shell, in this example, is press fit into theconnector 2, thegrooves 54 align with the semicircular protrusions 44 (seeFIG. 6C ), for ensuring that the associatedoptical device 35 is properly aligned, thereby ensuring that electrical leads 46 can be connected within the housing without interference with one another. The optical device alignment mechanisms shown in the embodiments of the invention ofFIGS. 6B and 6C are not meant to be limiting, and the back portion of theconnector 2 can be configured for receiving optical electrical devices contained within other housing or shell configurations. -
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of theconnector 2 ofFIG. 1 taken along 9-9. In this example, anoptical device 56 havingelectrical leads 58 protruding from the bottom thereof is shown installed within theconnector 2, wherein the retention is via press fit in the preferred embodiment, as previously described. In other embodiments of the invention, theoptical device 56 can be secured by other than press fitting, such as the use of appropriate epoxies, and other adhesive materials, for example. Note that in the example given, theconnector 2 is press fit into a D-hole of the enclosure orhousing 60 of the electro-optical apparatus. - With further reference to the cross section of
connector 2 shown inFIG. 9 , various important dimensional features are shown. Dimension “A” determines the depth of an electro-optical transmitting or receivingdevice 56 that is predetermined for the top-hat shell thereof. The dimension “B” is predetermined for controlling the depth of the electro-optical device 56 withinconnector 2. Dimension “C” is the inside diameter of thehole 30, which is predetermined for permitting press fitting of the collar orflange portion 62 ofdevice 56 intohole 30. Dimension “D” represents the innermost and minimum diameter of theinward hole 26 ofconnector 2 for receiving the flange orcollar portion 62 of electro-optical transmitting or receivingdevice 56. Dimension “E” represents the length of thehole 20 necessary for receiving the optical fiber ferrule sleeve of the male ST connector (not shown) to be mated to theconnector 2 of the present invention. Dimension “F” is the inside diameter ofhole 20 necessary for snugly but slidingly receiving the ferrule of the mating ST male connector. Note that dimensions “A,” “B,” and “E” determine the distance required such that the receiving or transmitting end of the optical fiber within the ferrule sleeve of the mating male connector, and the light receiving or transmitting electro-optical device 56 are in physical contact. - The above-described embodiments of the invention are not meant to be limiting. The dimensions “A” through “F,” and the length and configuration of the frontmost
cylindrical segment 8 ofconnector 2 can all be modified for accommodating different types of electro-optical transmitting and receivingdevices 56, and for mating with many other male terminating connectors at the ends of fiber optic cables, other than ST male connectors. As will be described below, other known optical cable terminating connectors that can be mated with by changing the configuration of aconnector 2 include MT/RJ, SC, SC/APC, E-2000, O-C, FC, FC/APC, LC, and LC/APC all of which are known in the art. Note that the acronym “APC” stands for Angle-polished Physical Contact. - The
present connector 2, through the use of press fit into the housing of an electro-optical apparatus or device, is suitable for radio frequency interference (RFI) sealing of the housing, and moisture sealing, where the housing is used for an outdoor environment. The present inventors have developed an engineering prototype for a “fiber node” 64 (also known as an “optical to RF media conversion unit,” or “a bi-directional RF/optical converter”) that utilizes thepresent connectors 20 for facilitating the connection of fiber optic cables thereto. More specifically, the present inventors have designed afiber node 64 to have many unique features, including the use of the subjectinventive connectors 2 for eliminating the requirement of passing a fiber optic cable with its connector through a hole in the housing of thedevice 64 to mate with a female connector mounted upon a PC board, or otherwise within the employer of thehousing 60 of thefiber node 64 apparatus. As shown inFIG. 10 , a top view of thefiber node 64 includes at one end a leftmost one of thepresent connectors 2 for providing a “REV Fiber Out”port 66 fiber interface with a laser transmitting device representing electro-optical device 56 ofFIG. 9 , for transmission of the optically modulated reverse CATV spectrum along a fiber optic cable connected to the associatedconnector 2, as previously described. Therightmost connector 2 represents a fiber optic port “FWD Fiber In”port 68 for providing a fiber optic interface for the reception of the optically modulated forward CATV spectrum from a fiber optic cable terminated to theport 68 for coupling optical signals to a light receiving device representing electro-optical device 56 ofFIG. 9 . Four F-type coaxial connectors are associated withports Port 72 provides a reverse spectrum test point (Rev TP).Port 74 provides a DC power termination, for in this example receiving 12 volts. Also in this example, the reverse spectrum frequency ranges from 5 to 42MHZ. Port 76 provides a termination for a forward spectrum test point (Fwd TP) for a spectrum signal frequency range of 52-870 MHZ. Lastly,port 78 provides a “DC/RF” termination for both interfacing bi-directional RF signals to a user, and receiving DC power from a known adapter device that combines DC power and RF signals on a single coaxial cable. Also shown as provided on the top of thefiber node 64, are a light emitting diode (LED) 80 that is activated to emit light to indicate that the light transmittingoptical device 56 is active atport 66, and anotherLED 82 activated to indicate that optical signals are being received atport 68 by an optical or light receiving device employed for the electro-optical device 56. Test points 84, 86, and 88 are included in this example betweenLEDS test point 84 for checking the power level of the signals being transmitted, which is proportional to the optical signal strength thereof.Test point 86 provides a common ground for the test points 84 and 88.Test point 88 provides for a measure of the DC bias level, which is proportional to the optical signal strength of the optical signals being received atport 68. Note also that thehousing 60 includes left side and rightside mounting flanges elevated slots housing 60 on a flat mounting surface (not shown). - In
FIG. 11 , a back view of thefiber node 64 is shown. Note that the housing is formed from appropriate metal material, in this example. Aground termination device 89 is provided along a side portion of the housingproximate port 72, as shown in this example. A front view of thefiber node 64 is shown inFIG. 12 . A bottom view thereof is shown inFIG. 13 . Abottom cover plate 98 is secured to the bottom offiber node 64 in a manner hermetically sealing the components contained within the housing from the elements, via a known sealing technique such as using appropriate gasket material and adhesives or solder. - A block schematic diagram is shown in
FIG. 14 for thefiber node 64 in this embodiment of the invention. Thefiber node 64 provides a bi-directional RF and optical converter device or apparatus that includes a printedcircuit board 103 mounted within thefiber node housing 60, in this example, via four groundingscrews 120 located at each corner of the printedcircuit board 103, as shown and at other locations where grounding of the circuit to the housing is necessary. Alaser diode 100 is secured within aconnector 2 atport 66, whereas aphotodiode 102 is secured within the associatedconnector 2 atport 68. Thephotodiode 102 converts optical input signals into electrical signals which are connected to input terminals of a receivecontrol circuit 114, and anamplifier 118. The receivecontrol circuit 114 provides power toLED 82 for indicating that signals are being received, and also delivers a voltage proportional to the optical power to thetest point 88. The output ofamplifier 118 is connected to the input of adirectional coupler 116. The directional coupler couples electrical input signals to the forward receivetest point port 76, and also to adiplex filter 112. Electrical signals are also bi-directionally coupled between thediplex filter 112 andport 78, the latter providing bi-directional RF signal flow between a subscriber and the cable system provider. Thediplex filter 112 also has an output connected to adirectional coupler 106 for delivering electrical RF output signals fromdirectional coupler 106 toport 72 providing a reverse transmit test point, and also to the input of alaser driver 104. Thelaser driver 104 is connected to a transmitcontrol circuit 108, and also tolaser diode 100; in this example, for converting the reverse RF output signals to optical signals, for transmission to the cable provider. The transmitcontrol 108 also provides an output toLED 80 for indicating times that reverse RF output signals are being transmitted. The transmitcontrol 108 also delivers a voltage proportional to the transmitted optical power to testpoint 84. - With reference to
FIGS. 15 and 16 , a second embodiment of the invention is for providing in this example a rectangular configured optical toRF interface connector 104 for mating with SC, LC E2000, MTRJ, and MU male fiber optic cable termination connectors. The frontmost segment of theconnector 104 for this second embodiment of the invention is a substantially rectangular shell orenclosure 106 including an interface keyway or slot 108 cut through the shell from the openfront face 110 toward the rear portion of theshell 106, as shown. Theshell 106 has a hollow cavity. 112, and aback wall 114 that has a cylindrical opticalfiber ferrule guide 116 protruding therefrom into the interior of thecavity 112, as shown. The throughhole 118 of theoptical ferrule guide 116, similar to thehole 20 shown inFIG. 9 for the connector of the first embodiment of the invention, passes through to the backcylindrical segment 118 to permit light to travel between the electro-optical device 56 mounted within the backcylindrical segment 118, in substantially the same manner as shown inFIG. 9 for the first embodiment of the invention. As in the previous embodiment, theflat portion 120 in the backcylindrical segment 118 serves as a press-fit orientation key. The remaining round outside portion of cylindrical segment of 118 is narrowed in the preferred embodiment of invention. An O-ring seal 122 is provided around the innermost portion of the backcylindrical segment 118, as shown. Otherwise, the backcylindrical segment 118 of this alternative embodiment is substantially similar to the backcylindrical segment 12 of the first embodiment of the invention, as shown inFIG. 9 . - A third embodiment of the invention is shown in
FIGS. 17 and 18 for an optical to RF interface connector configured for mating with male FC, and SMA Optical fiber termination connectors. More particularly, the connector includes a threaded frontmostcylindrical segment 124 that is provided with aconnector interface keyway 126 cut into its front edge, as shown. A cylindrical opticalfiber ferrule guide 128 is centrally located within thecylindrical segment 124, as shown, and serves the same purpose as the ferrule guide of the second embodiment of the invention (seeFIG. 15 ). A backcylindrical segment 130 is included as shown, with the rounded portion narrowed to provide better press-fit retention, and also configured with aflat portion 132 serving as a press-fit orientation key. The backcylindrical portion 130 has a greater outside diameter than the frontmost threadedcylindrical segment 124, in this example. Acircular flange 134 is located between the frontmost threadedcylindrical segment 124 and the backcylindrical portion 130, as shown. Theflange 134 has a greater outside diameter than the backcylindrical portion 130. The configuration of theback portion 130 is substantially the same as that of theback portion 118 of the second embodiment of the invention shown inFIG. 16 , which each includeinner ring seal 122. - With reference to
FIGS. 19 and 20 , an alternative embodiment of the invention for providing a female optical to RF interface connector for mating with a male ST fiber optical cable termination connector includes a frontmostcylindrical portion 8 that is configured in substantially the same manner as shown inFIGS. 1 through 6 A. The backcylindrical portion 130 is configured in substantially the same manner as that shown for the embodiments ofFIGS. 17 and 18 . - The various embodiments of the present invention provide a connector that relative to the prior art increases the interface reliability for the fiber optic cable connection, and reduces insertion loss by eliminating the necessity to loop a portion of fiber optic cable around the inside perimeter of the housing of a device, and by providing a direct electrical connection from the connector to the printed circuit board or other electrical components housed within the enclosure of the particular fiber optic device. Also, the alternative connector embodiments of the invention all permit the use of smaller enclosures or housings for the associated electro-optical devices, and further insure an RF seal to meet the requirements of Electromagnetic Interference suppression greater than 120 dB. Also particularly the press-fit connector embodiments insure a pressure tight seal between the connector and the housing of the associated device for preventing moisture migration into the interior of the housing. A yet further another advantage of the present invention in its various embodiments is that the alternative connector embodiments provide for optimum heat sinking of the active optical component mounted within the connector, whereby heat can pass from the optical component to the connector, and therefrom to the housing or enclosure of the associated device, thereby temperature stabilizing the optical component.
- Although various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, they are not meant to be limiting. Those of skill in the art may recognize certain modifications to these embodiments, which modifications are meant to be covered by the spirit of the appended claims. For example, the press fit configuration of connectors of the various embodiments of the invention can alternatively be screw-in type mounting by configuring the back portion to be externally threaded. Also, said connector embodiments can be made from any suitable metallic material such as nickel or tin plated brass, for example.
Claims (28)
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US11/440,936 US7296938B1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2006-05-25 | Fiber node with active optical to RF interface connector |
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US11/440,936 US7296938B1 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2006-05-25 | Fiber node with active optical to RF interface connector |
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