US20090055860A1 - System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences - Google Patents

System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20090055860A1
US20090055860A1 US12/194,236 US19423608A US2009055860A1 US 20090055860 A1 US20090055860 A1 US 20090055860A1 US 19423608 A US19423608 A US 19423608A US 2009055860 A1 US2009055860 A1 US 2009055860A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
set top
top box
network
signatures
profiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/194,236
Inventor
Raviv Knoller
Alex Paker
Anna Litvak-Hinenzon
Reuven Cohen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ADS Vantage Ltd
Original Assignee
ADS Vantage Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ADS Vantage Ltd filed Critical ADS Vantage Ltd
Priority to US12/194,236 priority Critical patent/US20090055860A1/en
Assigned to ADS-VANTAGE, LTD. reassignment ADS-VANTAGE, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COHEN, REUVEN, KNOLLER, RAVIV, LITVAK-HINENZON, ANNA, PAKER, ALEX
Publication of US20090055860A1 publication Critical patent/US20090055860A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/2665Gathering content from different sources, e.g. Internet and satellite
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/02Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/02Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G06Q30/0241Advertisements
    • G06Q30/0251Targeted advertisements
    • G06Q30/0264Targeted advertisements based upon schedule
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/04Billing or invoicing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00Commerce
    • G06Q30/06Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/23424Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for inserting or substituting an advertisement
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/251Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/252Processing of multiple end-users' preferences to derive collaborative data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/442Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
    • H04N21/44213Monitoring of end-user related data
    • H04N21/44222Analytics of user selections, e.g. selection of programs or purchase activity
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6405Multicasting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/81Monomedia components thereof
    • H04N21/812Monomedia components thereof involving advertisement data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/16Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to advertising, and more particularly is related to providing personal advertisement to video services.
  • Owners of products and services also referred to herein as advertisers, spend significant funds advertising on television.
  • advertisers seek to maximize return from their investment in advertising on television by using different techniques.
  • owners may pay to have an advertisement run at a specific time on a specific channel.
  • Such an advertisement may not only be for products and services, but for any content, such as, but not limited to, video on demand, gaming, and any other content or service.
  • owners may pay a premium price to have their advertisement run during the showing of popular television programming.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network.
  • the system contains a head end having a computer and means for communicating therein, wherein the computer has a management application stored therein, and wherein the management application further comprises: logic configured to derive a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network; logic configured to derive a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and logic configured to process the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set
  • the present invention can also be viewed as providing methods for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network.
  • a method can be broadly summarized by the following steps: deriving a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network; deriving a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and processing the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of profiles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an IPTV network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of personalizing advertisements, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes within a supervised learning scenario.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cable network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a satellite network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a terrestrial network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart further illustrating the steps of the supervised learning process.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes within an unsupervised learning scenario.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram further illustrating functionality of the management application as blocks of logic.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed logical flow diagram illustrating a sequence of events performed during unsupervised learning.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart further illustrating a process for determining targeted rating.
  • the present system is capable of learning the viewing habits of video viewers by collecting zapping events and other events performed by the viewer.
  • Such videos may be viewed via a television, hand held device, computer, or any device capable of displaying video.
  • the events may be collected at a set top box, computer, or other device. Alternatively, the events may be collected at a different location, such as, but not limited to, at an access multiplexer located in a head end, or in a device located separate from the head end.
  • the system learns the viewing habits and zapping habits of different population profiles by identifying the viewing profile of a household.
  • the system uses supervised or unsupervised learning functionality for identifying different population profiles, and provides a representation of the probability (or another form of representation) of each population profile to watch any given program and to present a zapping pattern.
  • the probabilities can be utilized as a tool for advertisers searching for the demographic profile of the audience of a television program, or, using inference functionality described herein, to identify the home audience at each household, and the specific viewers of a television program.
  • the system is capable of supplying personalized content, such as, but not limited to, advertisements, video selections, and other content, to the viewers.
  • personalized content such as, but not limited to, advertisements, video selections, and other content
  • the present system collects the operations performed by viewers at service decoders, such as, but not limited to, set top boxes (the term set top box is used hereafter).
  • the system then employs unsupervised or supervised learning functionality, as described herein, to interpret the operations at each set top box as the sum of operations of all viewers associated with this set top box.
  • the system learns to identify different viewer profiles in the population and associates with each set top box and profile a probabilistic model of the viewing and zapping habits of viewers.
  • the present system and method may be provided within different infrastructures.
  • the following description provides examples of using the present system and method in an Internet protocol television (IPTV) infrastructure, in a cable infrastructure, and in a satellite infrastructure. While these infrastructures are described herein, the present system and method is not intended to be limited to these infrastructures.
  • IPTV Internet protocol television
  • a set top box or service decoder is a device responsible for converting digital (or analog) content received into viewable content that may be fed into a television set or other monitor.
  • the set top box or service decoder may be located at a household or another location.
  • a network of service decoders e.g., set top boxes of a specific television service provider.
  • Passive audience identification Identification of the viewer's profiles without any specific actions performed by the viewer.
  • Zapping event is an event where there is switching from a current service to another service, where the switching is performed by, for example, but not limited to, use of a remote control, pushing buttons on the set top box, or any action that causes switching, including, but not limited to, voice commands, or even consumer motions without pressing buttons.
  • a zapping event may be other means for communicating with a set top box, such as, but not limited to, pressing an electronic program guide, pressing a volume button, and other actions involving the set top box.
  • Zapping pattern is the behavior of a viewing individual in terms of zapping, such as, but not limited to, programs watched, frequency of zapping events, and variance of zapping frequency.
  • Set top box (STB) zapping signature Records of zapping events of a particular set top box.
  • Set top box (STB) signature Data model providing characteristics of a set top box including: an association between a set top box and content available to the set top box, where the content is either provided or not provided via the set top box during a time period; and/or, at least one zapping pattern associated with the set top box. It should be noted that herein when referring to set top box signatures, one or more set top box signature is included. In addition, content availability refers to content that the set top box has access to and can provide.
  • Zapping log Records of the set top box zapping signatures for an entire set top box network (Platform) or for part of the network.
  • Channel A stream of programs broadcasted consecutively from a content source.
  • Program Content that was broadcasted on a specific channel at a specific date and time, whether on demand or generally broadcasted.
  • Program rating Percent of viewers that watched the program.
  • Targeted program rating Percent of viewers of specific profile that watched the program.
  • Channel rating Percent of viewers that watched the channel during the specified time period.
  • Targeted channel rating Percent of viewers of specific Profile that watched the channel during the specified time period.
  • Profile The classification of an individual into one of several population groups that is targeted. Such profiles may be, for example, but not limited to, psychographic (for example, behavioral) or demographic profiles. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, gender, age, income, marital status, and possibly also by interests in different fields.
  • Learning functionality Functionality used to reduce a large set of observed data and its classification into groups to a set of parameters, allowing to reconstruct the classification of the majority of the original data and to classify similar, unlearned, data, or, to produce a new type of classification.
  • Different relevant learning methods may be utilized to provide the learning functionality such as, but not limited to, artificial neural networks, decision trees, k-Nearest Neighbor, Quadratic classifier, support vector machine, direct probability estimate using Bayesian inference, Bayesian networks, Gaussian estimators, least squares optimization methods, and other optimization methods.
  • Supervised learning is learning in which the classification of the observed data is inferred from a sample of the data supplied by an outside source.
  • the learning functionality searches for a parameter set allowing reconstruction of the classification from the input that later can be used for classification of new unlearned data.
  • Unsupervised learning is learning in which no classification of observed data is given (i.e., no sample is provided), and the functionality attempts to classify the data into different classes under some constraints.
  • the functionality may use a method, such as, but not limited to, vector quantization, and various learning methods and various optimization methods, to find a reduction of the data into representative classes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an IPTV network 10 in which the present system may be provided. Specifically, FIG. 1 is specific to video on demand or personalized advertisements for an IPTV infrastructure.
  • an IPTV head end 20 is provided, portions of which communicate with at least one customer premises 100 A- 100 D.
  • a head end is the physical location in an area where a video signal is received by a provider, stored, processed, and transmitted to local customers of the provider.
  • a network may have more than one type of head end, such as, but not limited to, a cable head end, a satellite head end, an IPTV head end, and a terrestrial head end.
  • the head end 20 contains at least a video service splicer 30 , an advertisements video server 40 , a management application 50 , and an access network multiplexer 60 .
  • a video service splicer 30 contains at least a video service splicer 30 , an advertisements video server 40 , a management application 50 , and an access network multiplexer 60 .
  • the head end 20 may have portions in addition to those mentioned herein.
  • the present description refers to a management application, it should be noted that the management application is stored on a computer.
  • the video service splicer 30 receives video and audio services from a satellite dish 70 . It should, however, be noted that video and audio services may be received by devices other than a satellite dish 70 , such as, but not limited to, a cable network or any device capable of providing video to the head end 20 .
  • the video service splicer 30 is capable of splicing personal advertisements into a video service stream, as instructed by the management application 50 and as is further described in detail hereinbelow.
  • the video service splicer 30 also receives advertisements from the advertisements video server 40 .
  • actions of the video service splicer 30 are controlled by the management application 50 .
  • the video packets received by the video service splicer 30 may carry an Internet protocol (IP) address and a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • the video service splicer 30 may instead receive video and audio services from a cable fiber.
  • the access network multiplexer 60 is responsible for routing video services to transmission units 120 A- 120 D that are video services decoders, as explained hereinbelow.
  • the transmission units 120 are each located within a customer premises 100 A- 100 D.
  • the access multiplexer 60 is connected to both the management application 50 and the video service splicer 30 .
  • the access network multiplexer 60 may perform, for example, IP and UDP port manipulation.
  • the access network multiplexer 60 may be, for example, but not limited to, an optic multiplexer or a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
  • DSLAM digital subscriber line access multiplexer
  • connection between the access network multiplexer 60 and a set top box 110 may be a shared media connection, or any other type of connection, and there may or may not be a multicast hierarchy between the access network multiplexer 60 and the set top box 110 .
  • the management application 50 communicates with the video service splicer 30 , the advertisements video server 40 , and the access network multiplexer 60 .
  • the management application 50 provides the functionality required to learn unsupervised profiles in television audiences, as is described in detail hereinbelow. It should be noted that in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the management application 50 may instead be located within a set top box 110 located within the customer premises 100 A- 100 D.
  • Each customer premises 100 A- 100 D at least contains a set top box 100 A- 100 D and a transmission unit 120 A- 120 D. While for exemplary purposes four customer premises 100 A- 100 D are illustrated, one having ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that additional or fewer customer premises 100 A- 100 D may be provided.
  • the transmission unit 120 is capable of receiving advertisement streams and video streams and forwarding the streams to an appropriate set top box 110 .
  • the customer premises 100 A- 100 D is illustrated as also containing a computer 130 A- 130 D, although a computer 130 is not intricate to the invention. It should be noted that while a single set top box is shown as being located within a customer premises 100 , more than one set top box 110 may be located within the customer premises 100 .
  • the set top box may be a computer or any device that can decode a service.
  • the set top box 110 receives a video service with certain TCP/IP parameters, such as, but not limited to, IP address and UDP port. It should be noted, however, that in a cable network or a satellite network, the set top box 110 may or may not receive TCP/IP parameters.
  • the present system enables editing of online personal video so as to provide personalized television advertisements directed toward a viewer presently watching the television.
  • the present invention is capable of categorizing a viewer into an advertising profile, an example of which is, but in not limited to, a demographic profile.
  • an advertising profile an example of which is, but in not limited to, a demographic profile.
  • different television viewers may have different profiles.
  • the different television viewers may view the same television during the day.
  • Each different viewer may be associated with a different advertising profile, such as, but not limited to a demographic profile, thus preferably receiving different advertising messages.
  • a family structure may be described as having an adult male of age 45, an adult female of age 42, a male teenager of age 17, a female teenager of age 14, and a male child of age 7. It should be noted that while the present description refers to a demographic profile, other types of profiles may be provided for.
  • the management application 50 identifies the profile of the viewer. After identifying the profile, the application 50 performs personalized advertisements editing for that particular profile. When there is a different viewer with a different advertising profile that is using the same video decoder, the management application 50 identifies the profile that the viewer belongs to and performs online personalization editing for the advertisements, as described below.
  • the television consumers also referred to herein as viewers
  • the system is required to identify consumer profiles and to associate the profiles with a specific set top box. This process is described in detail hereinbelow. Prior to describing this process, a general process of IPTV advertisement insertion in a broadcast environment is described in detail.
  • a typical advertisement projection works as follows. During content consumption the access network multiplexer 60 receives a video signal and sends the video signal to the customer premises 100 A- 100 D using an IP protocol. During an advertisement break the video transmissions continue to be transmitted in multicast, thus there is no personalization of advertisements. To instead personalize advertisements, the following is performed.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart 200 further illustrating the process of personalizing advertisements, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternative implementations are included within the scope of the embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
  • content is transmitted from the head end 20 , via the access network multiplexer 60 , to the set top box 110 .
  • An example of a protocol that may be used for the transmission is the Internet group management protocol (IGMP), which is used by IP hosts to manage their dynamic multicast group membership. Of course, other protocols may be used.
  • IGMP Internet group management protocol
  • a subset, or complete set, of the customers that are connected to the access network multiplexer 60 are viewing the same video and/or audio service (i.e., content).
  • the management application 50 also continuously identifies the consumers (block 204 ). It should be noted that the management application 50 can utilize either online processing or offline processing to determine a relationship between viewed content (e.g., videos) and viewer profiles. Regarding offline processing to identify consumers, associate the consumers with content, and produce reports, in accordance with a predefined schedule, or when prompted to do so, the management application 50 reviews zapping patterns, processes the patterns, and associates each program viewed from a set top box 110 with a viewer profile.
  • the management application 50 reviews only recent zapping events to determine which viewer is presently viewing content. Further description of consumer identification is provided with regard to FIG. 3 , FIG. 8 , and FIG. 10 . It should be noted that the information received by the management application 50 may be received from a source other than a set top box.
  • the management application 50 decides which advertisements of the advertisement set each consumer should receive (block 206 ). It should be noted that the process of selecting advertisements is described in detail herein.
  • the video splicer 30 then splices the advertisements according to the decision of block 206 . Since one having ordinary skill in the art would know how a video splicer splices advertisements, further description of the splicing process is not provided herein. As shown by block 210 , when the advertisement break is over, the access multiplexer 60 continues to transmit the multicast transmission as it did prior to the advertisement break.
  • the management application 50 supplies the new service in the same manner. Specifically, if the service transmits content, the management application 50 continues to transmit the content with the multicast protocol. In addition, if there is an advertisement break, the management application 50 may splice different advertisements.
  • the present system provides a consumer specific advertising environment.
  • This environment is provided in part by the providing of online multilayer multicast groups between the access network multiplexer 60 and the set top boxes 110 A- 110 D.
  • the access network multiplexer 60 transmits broadcast transmissions with multicast protocol to a subset A of the set that is connected to the access network multiplexer 60 .
  • the subset A there are different subsets B of consumers watching the same channel at a given moment that are connected to the access network multiplexer 60 .
  • consumers are associated by their profile for advertising.
  • the access network multiplexer 60 is transmitting an additional layer of multicast, where each different subset Bi is receiving different advertisements according to the advertisement profile associated with subset Bi.
  • subset A consumers continue to watch the same service.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cable network 10 in which the present system may be provided. While there are similarities between the IPTV network of FIG. 1 and the cable network 400 of FIG. 4 , there are also differences, which are described herein.
  • a cable head end 410 of the cable network 400 is very similar to the IPTV head end 20 of the IPTV network 10 . It should be noted, however, that instead of an access network multiplexer 60 , the cable network 400 contains an RF interface 410 , which may be, for example, but not limited to, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator and/or a radio frequency (RF) combiner.
  • the cable network 400 provides for individual coaxial cables to provide communication capability from the cable head end 410 to individual set top boxes 430 A- 430 H, where each set top box is located within a customer premises (CP) 440 A- 440 H, such as, but not limited to, a home.
  • CP customer premises
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a satellite network 500 in which the present system may be provided.
  • the satellite network 500 contains a satellite head end 510 that is similar to the IPTV head end 20 , except that the satellite head end 510 contains an RF modulation interface 520 .
  • the RF modulation interface 520 is capable of formatting and amplifying received data for transmission to a satellite 550 .
  • the satellite 550 is capable of reflecting received data to satellite dishes 560 A- 560 N capable of receiving data signals from the satellite 550 .
  • Each satellite dish 560 A- 560 N is associated with a customer premises 570 A- 570 N, such as, for example, a home.
  • each customer premises 570 A- 570 N has at least one set top box 580 A- 580 N located therein.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a terrestrial network 600 in which the present system may be provided.
  • the terrestrial network 600 contains a terrestrial head end 610 that is similar to the IPTV head end 20 , except that the terrestrial head end 610 contains an RF modulation interface 620 .
  • the RF modulation interface 620 is capable of formatting and amplifying received data for transmission to a radio tower 650 .
  • the radio tower 650 is capable of reflecting received data to antennas 660 A- 660 N capable of receiving data signals from the radio tower 650 .
  • Each antenna 660 A- 660 N is associated with a customer premises 670 A- 670 N, such as, for example, a home.
  • each customer premises 670 A- 670 N has at least one set top box 680 A- 680 N located therein.
  • the management application 50 identifies the consumer profiles that are using video/audio decoders (i.e., set top boxes) in the network 10 .
  • video/audio decoders i.e., set top boxes
  • the example of a single household having two television sets is provided. Each television is connected to a different set top box. A first television A is located in the living room and a second television B resides in a room for children.
  • the consumer profiles are associated with the television sets as follows:
  • Television A profiles 1, 2, and 3 (all the household residents are consuming content via television A).
  • the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes may be separated in accordance with whether a supervised learning process is used or an unsupervised learning process. These two scenarios are described separately hereinbelow, although it will be noted that certain steps in the processes are similar.
  • the management application 50 identifies and associates the consumer profiles with the set top boxes.
  • the flowchart 300 of FIG. 3 further illustrates the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes 100 A- 100 D within a supervised learning scenario.
  • the service provider may send a questionnaire to the consumers.
  • the service provider may use any other method of obtaining data, such as, but not limited to, having a telephone conversation.
  • the questionnaire may refer to the household demographic details, video decoders (i.e., set top boxes), and association between the usage of each person in the household and the video decoders in the household.
  • consumers fill out the questionnaire and return the same to the service provider. With the return of the consumer questionnaire, it is known which individual profiles and set top boxes are associated with a household.
  • set top boxes 110 in the network 10 record all of the zapping events that the consumers are creating.
  • zapping refers to the switching from the current service to another service via use of, for example, but not limited to, a remote control or pushing buttons on the video decoder. It should be noted that this use of remote controls is provided for exemplary purposes. Instead, zapping may be associated with switching initiated by voice commands, or even consumer motions without pressing buttons.
  • the set top boxes 110 send the zapping events to the management application 50 .
  • the management application 50 then associates behavior of consumers and their zapping pattern with the households that either did not return the questionnaire or that never received a questionnaire (block 310 ).
  • the association process is a learning process, also referred to as a business process, which is the process of passive platform audience learning and identification, and targeted platform rating calculation and analysis.
  • the learning process is divided into multiple steps, including data collection, modeling, learning, identification, analysis, and post processing.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 further illustrating the steps of the supervised learning process.
  • This external data includes the zapping log, the broadcast schedule, set top box information, and sample information.
  • the zapping log includes the actions that were performed by the set top box user using a remote control, directly using set top box control buttons, or performing a different action that caused changing from a current service to another service, or from a current state of the set top box to another state of the set top box (e.g., switching on or off).
  • the broadcast schedule (or AsRun) includes, for example, a timetable for the platform channels/programs during the zapping gathering period.
  • the broadcast schedule may also include a schedule of video on demand programs, or a schedule of any interactive service.
  • the broadcast schedule should be reconciled with the zapping log in terms of times and channels identifications.
  • the set top box information includes the relevant information, for every set top box for which zapping was collected, (e.g., unique set top box identifier and address).
  • the set top box information should also be reconciled with the zapping log in terms of set top box identifications.
  • Modeling is the process of converting the zapping log into different data models that could be used by different learning and identification algorithms, thereby providing a set top box signature (block 704 ).
  • a first data model that is recognized is a set top box viewing signature.
  • the list of “watched” programs could be created based on the zapping log and reconciled broadcast schedule. For each watched program, an aggregated watching percentage is given.
  • STB 1 watched program number 56 , 30% means that STB 1 watched 30% of the program, on overall (including leaving the program and getting back to it), during the whole time of broadcast of program number 56 .
  • a second data model that is recognized is a set top box time signature.
  • the set top box time signature is, for each set top box, the list of percentages of viewing every channel during the specific time aggregated for weekdays.
  • set top box 1 watched CNN on Sundays between 12:00 and 13:00, 25%, means that during the learning period, the average time that this particular set top box watched CNN between 12:00 and 13:00 on Sundays was fifteen minutes.
  • a third data model that is recognized is a set top box zapping frequency signature. Specifically, every profile does zapping with different frequencies. Calculating zapping frequencies of every set top box during the predefined time periods provides a Zapping Frequency Signature.
  • the zapping log is not noise free. Most of the viewers use the remote control in the same fashion, but there is a small minority of users that would use the remote control differently. This affects the general zapping frequency, surfing periods (when the viewer changes the channels with high frequency in order to find something interesting), etc. In order to handle these irregular behaviors, a set of data filters should be applied to the zapping log prior to modeling.
  • learning is a process in which the set top box signatures (viewing, time, and/or zapping frequency), created at the data modeling stage, are used with a list of set top boxes and profiles to provide an Association Rule (block 706 ).
  • the Association Rule provides knowledge of how to associate a list of profiles within a network to a set top box within the network.
  • the Association Rule is determined due to not having received filled out questionnaires from all parties and wanting to determine unknown relationships between profiles and set top boxes.
  • set top box signatures e.g., viewing
  • a predefined list of profiles based on a sample, for further use in the identification functionality.
  • a sample is a partial list of set top boxes for which both the zapping log and the list of profiles associated with each set top box are provided.
  • the sample may be provided by an operator of the set top box collection.
  • Predefined profiles can be, for example, but not limited to, demographic profiles that define gender, age, marital status, income level, or psychographic (behavioral) profiles.
  • the Association Rule can be applied to any set top box in the same network, as is performed during identification.
  • An example of a process that may be used to derive the Association Rule follows.
  • the management application 50 contains knowledge of the current consumed service for a specific decoder, the profiles (demographic, or behavioral) associated with a specific decoder and household, and previously consumed content for a specific decoder.
  • the management application 50 uses inference functionality to determine the current viewer/listener profile.
  • the inference functionality defines the current profile(s) that is/are consuming the service.
  • inference functionality follows, where the learning functionality uses Bayes rule.
  • the management application 50 contains knowledge of the current consumed service for a specific decoder (set top box).
  • the management application 50 knows the demographic profiles associated with a specific decoder and household.
  • the management application 50 knows previously consumed content for a specific decoder, specifically, the short-term history. The management application 50 may then use the inference functionality to determine the current viewer/listener profile.
  • data collection determines the distribution of the consumed content as a function of the classification of the viewers/listeners at the household.
  • the probability that the household contains a viewer/listener belonging to each demographic profile is estimated.
  • Data utilized to perform this process includes probabilities of each consumed service for households containing each of the demographic profiles, as well as probabilities of each consumed service for households not containing each of the demographic profiles.
  • C) is the probability that a household containing a certain profile (C) consumes the list of services F 1 . . . Fn and does not consume any other service.
  • ⁇ C) is the probability that a household not containing a certain profile (C) consumes the list of services F 1 . . . Fn and does not consume any other service.
  • P(C) is the probability that a household contains profile C, regardless of the services consumed and P( ⁇ C) is the probability that a household does not contain profile C, regardless of the services consumed.
  • ⁇ C) may be approximated as the products P(F 1 ⁇ C)* . . . *P(Fn
  • Fn calculated for the whole of sample set top boxes represents the Association Rule used for the identification step, applied to each set top box in the network, which was not part of the sample set top boxes.
  • the result is the probability that a certain individual viewer from a specific profile used the set top box.
  • a sample may be provided, and post processing may be provided to associate content with profiles.
  • a sample may include at least one profile, a set top box associated with the profile, and zapping information associated with the set top box.
  • Post processing may then be performed on the sample to determine which content (e.g., advertisement) is most appropriate for providing to the consumer associated with the profile.
  • content e.g., advertisement
  • Identification is a process of recognition of a list of profiles as being associated with a certain set top box, based on the learning results. Every set top box in the network should be assigned with at least one profile (demographic, or behavioral). It is conceivable to assume that in front of a set top box, mostly there is more than one active profile and there are cases where the same profile should be associated a few times to the same set top box. Thus, for each set top box there should be assigned one or more profiles. For example, a young couple (male & female) between the ages of 20-30 that are living together would produce 2 profiles, specifically, one for the female and the other for the male. As another example, if a specific household has two boys of the ages seven and fourteen, the boys may both be assigned to an appropriate set top box as the same profile, “Male 6-18.”
  • the Association Rule is mathematically applied to the list of set top box signatures (block 708 ).
  • Analysis is the process of breaking down and studying the results of learning and identification in order to estimate possible identification errors, provide a set of different factors and amendments for post processing, association of definition of profiles by signatures to a third party definition, and any other functionality resulting from studying the learning and identification results.
  • the identification error analysis may be performed via mathematical modeling means and/or via simulation (empirical) means. For example, estimation of expected identification errors may be achieved via applying the learned results to a part of the sample and simulating the identification results.
  • Post Processing is the process of calculating the data required for presentation to potential customers, such as, targeted rating. Post processing also includes reporting and analyzing based on results of identification. The aforementioned list of results is obtained via post processing functionality described hereafter. Such functionality may be provided by, for example, algorithms. Post processing may be utilized to calculate the following data, although post processing calculation is not intended to be limited to calculating only this data; rather, by post processing any calculation done with the use of the results obtained from the learner and/or identifier is referred to as a post processed calculation/algorithm.
  • Targeted rating may include a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content, a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content from a channel during a specified time period, or a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content provided within the network during a specified time period.
  • content consumed by a viewer profile not only includes content that is watched by a viewer profile, but also content that is not watched, but that is provided to a set top box associated with a viewer profile, such as, but not limited to, audio content.
  • content may be, for example, but not limited to, a program. It should also be noted, that for exemplary purposes, the following provides the example of consuming content comprising watching content, however, one having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that consuming of content need not be limited to watching content, but instead may include other functions such as, but not limited to, listening to content received from a channel.
  • targeted rating functionality calculates the targeted rating of a content per profile (e.g., using optimization algorithms, see examples herein below) of the learned and identified data, or of any independent data (e.g., obtained from the sample) as long as the data contains information about the set top box signatures (e.g., viewing signatures) and the profile(s) associated to each set top box in the input.
  • the targeted rating functionality may be used on data resulting from the supervised learning functionality, unsupervised learning functionality, or independent data. It should be noted that herein set top box signatures includes one or more set top box signature.
  • Targeted rating may include targeted program rating, targeted channel rating, and targeted time interval rating.
  • Targeted program rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched a program.
  • targeted channel rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched a channel during a specified time period.
  • targeted time interval rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched content broadcasted within the network during a specified time period.
  • Targeted rating determination may be provided in general or regionally.
  • a regional targeted rating is a targeted rating for one region, where a region may be limited to, for example, a specific geographical location.
  • general targeted rating is a targeted rating for an entire network, or a part of a network, which is region independent (for example, it may include one or several combined regions).
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart 950 illustrating the process of determining a targeted rating.
  • data representing relationships between viewer profiles and set top boxes is received, or obtained. Specifically, data showing which profiles are associated with which set top boxes is received. The data may either be obtained after performing learning and identification processes, as described herein, or received from an external source.
  • set top box signatures are also received, or obtained, for use in determining targeted rating.
  • Such set top box signatures may be, for example, but not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, or zapping frequency signatures. It should be noted that other set top box signatures may also be provided for by the present system and method.
  • the type of set top box signature used in targeted rating determination dictates which kind of targeted rating will result. As an example, when viewing set top box signatures are used, targeted program rating results. In addition, when time set top box signatures are used, targeted time interval rating, or targeted channel per a time interval rating, results.
  • a first input set is derived showing the probability that each profile is associated with each set top box. It should be noted that the first input set is derived by performing the learning and identification processes, or is received from an external source.
  • a second input set is derived containing data of set top box signatures (block 958 ). It should be noted that the second input set is derived by performing the modeling functionality on the collected/received zapping log. As an example, for a viewing signature, the zapping log may contain information showing whether a certain set top box consumed certain content (for example, a program), or not. For purposes of deriving the desired output set, namely, the set of targeted ratings, it is assumed that the data of the set top box signatures can be approximated by certain operations involving data associating profiles to set top boxes and targeted rating.
  • certain operations are applied on the set of data associating profiles to set top boxes and the set of data containing set top box signatures (the input sets), resulting in a targeted rating (the output set).
  • Different forms of data sets and different operations may be used to provide the targeted rating.
  • matrices may be used to derive the targeted rating, where it is assumed that multiplying a matrix A (matrix A shows the probability that each profile is associated with each set top box) by a matrix B (matrix B is the targeted rating) would result in a matrix C (matrix C is the set top box signature data).
  • matrix A shows the probability that each profile is associated with each set top box
  • matrix B matrix B is the targeted rating
  • matrix C is the set top box signature data
  • a regional targeted rating may be calculated using similar methods to those described below.
  • regional targeted rating of high-resolution time steps where a time step may be for example, but not limited to, per each thirty seconds, may be calculated for each specific channel and profile.
  • Input to the regional targeted rating functionality includes the region in which each of the set top boxes is stationed, the set top box signatures for set top boxes within that region, such as, but not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, zapping frequency signatures, and high-resolution time signatures, and lists of profiles associated with each of the set top boxes within the region, from any source. It should be noted that a region may have one or more set top boxes therein. In addition, a set top box may be located within more than one region.
  • the output of the regional targeted rating functionality is the percentage of viewers of each predefined profile, within a specific region, that watched each of the contents, for example, programs, in the case of when viewing signatures are the input, or of each channel at a certain time interval, in the case of when time signatures are the input.
  • An example of a method to calculate targeted rating, given a list of set top boxes with viewing signatures and profile(s) associated to each set top box, can be given via the use of a linear regression optimization algorithm.
  • calculating the targeted rating it is assumed that multiplying the set of parameters representing the association of profile(s) to set top boxes (let us call it A) by the aggregation of targeted rating values of each of the profiles per each program watched by at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures (the yet unknown and desired output, let us call it B) corresponds to the parameters representing the aggregation of the set top box viewing signatures (part of the input, let us call it C).
  • the matrices A, B and C are as in example one, where A is a matrix containing list(s) of demographic, or psychographic, profiles that is (are) associated to each set top box (of the whole network, a part of the network, a specific region within the network, or statistically representing any of those), which is obtained from any source, either via local identification, via receiving an external sample, or via another means.
  • the matrix C is a matrix that contains, per each of the set top boxes, a list of set top box signatures per a channel, or a program.
  • forms of set top box signatures include, but are not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures or any other form of set top box signatures that associates knowledge of some viewing habits in a certain period per each set top box.
  • the unknown set of probabilities per each of the pre-defined profiles, represented by the matrix B, may then be obtained by the use of solving equation two (Eq. 2):
  • a + is the pseudo-inverse of the matrix A, which is unique in mathematical terms, thereby insuring that the targeted rating matrix B computed in equation two is well-defined.
  • An example of a pseudo-inverse is the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse. Calculating A + and multiplying it by the matrix C gives a good approximation to the matrix B, of the targeted ratings.
  • the algorithm of equation two is extremely accurate and allows for the performance of targeted rating calculations on very large amounts of data (more than an order of millions of entries) in an extremely short computing time.
  • a targeted rating element may be, for example, but not limited to, a program, a time interval, or a channel.
  • a pseudo-inverse is utilitized, performing a matrix multiplication, instead of multiple optimization processes, is very fast and is performed for all the targeted rating elements at once, even if there are tens of thousands of targeted rating elements.
  • a content to profile assignment may be determined.
  • Content may be, for example, but not limited to, a program. The present description provides an example for illustration purposes only. Similarly an assignment of any content in a specific time slot to a specific profile in the household that consumed this content may be made.
  • Obtaining a content to profile assignment involves determining for each program that was watched by a certain set top box, which is the specific profile, of the profiles associated to this set top box, that watched the program.
  • a total viewership may be calculated (using, e.g., a program—time slot map and applying to it a calculation algorithm which utilizes data obtained in the previous steps described here), which is the calculation of total aggregated viewing activities for each of the pre-defined profiles (these may be demographic or behavioral), during a twenty-four hours period for each week day.
  • the data is aggregated and modulated in such a form that for each day of the week (24 hours) it is calculated how many of each of the pre-defined profiles watched any content during each of the pre-defined time intervals. For example, if the period decided upon is three months and there were 12 Sundays during this period, the 24 hour period is divided to intervals of 15 minutes and for each such interval it is calculated (using the set top box signatures and the data mentioned above) how many times each of the pre-defined profiles watched any content during each of the 15 minute intervals aggregated for all 12 Sundays on a 24 hours span. Then this information is presented in a graph showing the viewing peaks during a 24 hour Sunday divided to 15-minute slots per each profile. This is done for each day of the week (aggregated to the number of time this weekday appeared during the three months period).
  • a targeted rating distribution may be determined, which involves, for every channel, for every profile, calculating the rating of the channel for every brief period of time (e.g., thirty seconds), for every minimally defined region.
  • a viewership flow may be determined, which includes, for every channel, calculating the number (or percentage) of viewers of every profile that join and leave the channel during every short period of time (e.g., thirty seconds), for every minimally defined region.
  • creative reports may be determined such as, for example, during an advertisement break, for each second, calculating the rating and viewership flow. All the aforementioned are merely examples of the post processing possibilities.
  • the management application 50 uses identification functionality to associate the rest of the set top boxes 10 with the profiles that are using the set top boxes 10 (block 312 ).
  • different relevant learning methods may be used to perform the identification functionality. Examples of such learning methods may include the use of any one of the following, or other learning methods: Bayesian learning, various statistical methods, artificial neural networks; decision trees; k-nearest neighbor; quadratic classifier; support vector machine; various optimization methods, and direct calculation of probabilities. Of course, other learning methods may be used and are intended to be included within the present description.
  • a viewership flow may be calculated.
  • a high-resolution time signature is a representation of which channel each set top box watched during each time step of a specific time interval, such as, but not limited to, thirty seconds.
  • a viewership flow is the number of viewers of each profile that left or joined watching a specific channel during each time interval (e.g., 30 seconds), during a day or any pre-defined time interval.
  • Viewership flow may be calculated using, for example, but not limited to, a high-resolution regional targeted rating, in addition to the data of signatures and lists of profiles associated with each set top box.
  • the high-resolution regional targeted rating is calculated. Calculation of the high-resolution regional targeted rating provides, per each channel and per each viewer profile, the percentage of viewers of this viewer profile that watched this channel per each time interval (for example, 30 seconds) during each day of a specified period. Such targeted rating may be calculated, for example, but not limited to, using a method similar to the method described in the targeted rating section of the present description, where the word program is replaced by channel per time interval.
  • the differences between the targeted ratings of same viewer profiles, per different time intervals may be calculated to record the change in number of viewers of each profile between successive time intervals.
  • the number of viewers that left or joined the viewers of each channel at each time interval may be calculated.
  • the viewership flow application may contain various descriptions of changes in viewers per channel per time interval. For Examples of the abovementioned include, but are not limited to, targeted rating and the changes in targeted rating per time interval, and number of viewers of each profile who left or joined the viewers of the channel at each time interval.
  • the flowchart 800 of FIG. 8 further illustrates the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes 100 A- 100 D within an unsupervised learning scenario. It should be noted, that unlike with supervised learning, with unsupervised learning no sample relating viewer profiles to set top boxes is provided. Moreover, the type of viewer profiles might be unknown at the stage of the learning. As a result, the viewer profiles must be determined. It should be noted that different types of viewer profiles may exist, including, but not limited to, demographic and psychographic types of viewer profiles. For example, for the psychographic type of viewer profile, the profile may contain multiple categories, such as, but not limited to, watching habits, purchasing behavior, social class, lifestyle, opinions, and values.
  • One of many methods may be used, such as, but not limited to, using clustering algorithms to find common denominators within a population in association with viewing habits of the population.
  • An example of a method that may be used for profile learning and determination is provided below.
  • set top boxes 110 in the network 10 record all zapping events created by the consumers.
  • the set top boxes 110 send the zapping events to the management application 50 (block 804 ).
  • the zapping events include an identification of the set top box from which the zapping events were derived.
  • the management application 50 then associates behavior of consumers and their zapping patterns (block 806 ).
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram further illustrating functionality of the management application 50 as blocks of logic.
  • the management application 50 contains modeling logic 902 , learning logic 904 , identification logic 906 , analyzer logic 908 , profiles determination logic 910 , post processor logic 912 , and reporting logic 914 .
  • the logic of the management application 50 is further described in detail with regard to the logical flow diagram of FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed logical flow diagram illustrating a sequence of events performed during unsupervised learning.
  • the zapping log and the broadcast schedule (arrows 1 ) are the inputs to modeling functionality of the management application 50 , the output of which is a collection of set top box signatures (arrow 2 ), wherein the collection of set top box signatures includes a signature for each set top box in the network.
  • the set top box signatures may be one of multiple classes of signatures, wherein the classes of signatures include viewing signatures, time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures.
  • Each set top box in the network may have multiple signatures, wherein the signatures for a single set top box are selected from the classes of signatures.
  • a single set top box may even have one or more of each class of signature.
  • Each such set top box also has a unique identification (ID).
  • Viewing signatures are vectors of all the programs watched during a specified period by each of the set top boxes in the network.
  • the set top box signatures are the input used by learning functionality (arrow 3 ) of the management application 50 .
  • the learning functionality clusters profiles into groups of profiles that are yet unresolved.
  • an unresolved profile is a profile for which a type is not yet known.
  • the learning functionally which is further described in detail below under the section entitled “learning”, is capable of using the set top box signatures and determining relationships between profiles to derive clusters of profiles, where a type of a profile is not yet known.
  • an optimization algorithm may be used to cluster the profiles into groups of unresolved profiles, an example of which is illustrated below.
  • the learning step may be performed a few times, to determine the number of existing profile groups available for identification from viewing signature data. This may be done by, for example, but not limited to, throwing out, after each iteration, the profile groups that have similarity to each other, which is greater than a pre-defined threshold.
  • the output of the learning functionality of the management application 50 is clusters of yet unresolved profiles (arrow 4 ).
  • the clusters of the yet unresolved profiles, together with a profile description (arrows 5 ), are the input to the profiles determination functionality of the management application 50 .
  • the profiles description is a classification, or definition, of profiles of viewers by groups that associates between, for example, viewing habits and purchasing habits of individuals.
  • the profiles description is provided by an external source, such as, but not limited to, a single source researcher. It should be noted that the profile description input is some external definition of profiles that is fed to the system.
  • the profiles determination functionality performs a match between the profiles found by the learning functionality (unresolved profiles) and the profiles description from the external source, which determines whether to match the profiles to demographic clustering or to a specific psychographic clustering, for example, by consuming habits.
  • the profile determination with respect to a given profile description may be done, for example, by performing a standard best match procedure on each of the profiles in both groups (unresolved and pre-defined) and by finding the best possible match to each profile from the unresolved group from the defined profiles. It should be noted that sometimes one unresolved profile might fit to two described profiles and vise versa—two or more unresolved profiles can match one profile from the described profiles group.
  • the output of the profiles determination functionality are the resolved profiles (arrow 6 ), which are the input, together with the set top box signatures, to an identification functionality (arrows 7 ).
  • the learning and the profiles determination functionalities may be performed simultaneously by combining these two functionalities (learning and profile determination) of the management application 50 into one.
  • the profiles description and the set top box signatures are both fed as inputs to the learning and profiles determination functionalities (arrows 3 and 5 ).
  • the learning and profiles determination functionalities are performed together.
  • the output of the learning and profiles determination functionalities is resolved profiles (arrow 6 ).
  • directing the learning process toward the input profiles description may be done by, for example, but not limited to, feeding the described profiles as an initial guess to the optimization process and using the number of the defined profiles as the number of profiles to found.
  • the resolved profiles are sometimes used together with the set top box signatures as an input to the identification functionality of the management application 50 (arrows 7 ), to associate each set top box in the network with at least one profile, during which, for example, a quantization process may be performed and each set top box in the network may be associated with at least one profile.
  • a quantization process is a process during which, rather than having a continuous range of probabilities of having each of the profiles associated with some set top box, some profiles would be decided as not associated to that set top box (due to having a too small probability of being associated), while other profiles would be decided as being associated (with some higher probability, or 1).
  • a quantization process may be performed by, for example, calculating a statistical constant related to the association of profiles to set top boxes (see detailed explanation below) and performing rounding steps.
  • a quantization procedure may be performed at various steps of the learning and identification process.
  • the identification of lists of profiles associated with each set top box in the network may be performed by, for example, but not limited to, combining the association rule between unresolved profiles to set top boxes and the association rule between resolved and unresolved profiles to create an association rule associating lists of resolved profiles to set top boxes.
  • the association rules may be matrices of parameters and the application of the association rules may be performed, by using matrix multiplication.
  • the output of the identification functionality is the identification of which profile(s) uses each of the set top boxes in the network.
  • the output is an identification of at least one profile associated with each set top box in the network.
  • the profiles description, set top box signatures, and profiles associated with each set top box are fed to analyzer functionality of the management application 50 , the output of which is an estimation of identification quality and error estimation (arrow 11 ).
  • the analyzer is a self-assessment tool of the management application.
  • the analysis in the case of unsupervised learning is performed with respect to the profiles definition input.
  • the output of the analyzer may be, for example, the quality of the ability of the system to classify the profiles into groups according to the given profile definition, ranking the quality of the input data in view of desired output versus the actual output, and error estimation regarding the accuracy of the identification process.
  • the estimated errors may be, for example, the expected deviation from the actual situation, and false positive and false negative identification rates.
  • correlations between the different profiles groups may be calculated, thereby providing information regarding identification possibilities of certain profiles with respect to their correlations with other profiles. This may be done, for example, by performing comparison of results with known statistics, or by comparing results obtained for all of the network with results obtained from a well representing subgroup of the network.
  • the identified profiles associated with a set top box are fed as an input, together with the set top box signatures (either the same ones used for the learning and identification functionalities, or others, such as time signatures or high-resolution time signatures) and additional set top box data, if required, to post processor functionality of the management application 50 (arrows 12 ).
  • the post processing functionality computes various data, such as: regional targeted rating (RTR), content to profile assignment (C2P), total viewership and viewership flow.
  • RTR regional targeted rating
  • C2P content to profile assignment
  • total viewership and viewership flow A description of these functionalities was presented above. Note that the computation of the functionalities of the post processor may remain the same for data (associating lists of profiles to set top boxes) obtained via supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or an external source.
  • the association process also referred to as the learning and identification process
  • the steps in the association process include data collection, modeling, learning, profiles determination, identification, analysis, and post processing.
  • the main difference in the supervised and unsupervised processes is in the learning step, which may also include a profile determination step, and which may inflict some differences in the identification steps. Note that the steps of learning, profile determination, and identification are sometimes called here for short, “unsupervised learning”.
  • the unsupervised learning process is further defined herein below.
  • each set top box signature is learned to be associated with a certain list of unresolved profiles defined solely using the set top box signatures.
  • set top box signatures include, but are not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures.
  • An unsupervised learning algorithm receives the set top box signatures only as an input, resulting in a classification of profiles into, for example, a certain type of psychographic (for example, behavioral) or demographic profile groups. After the first step (unless the steps of learning and profile resolving are combined) the resulting learned profiles are usually yet unresolved, meaning that their nature is yet to be resolved.
  • unsupervised learning algorithms include, but are not limited to, least squares algorithms and algorithms that provide minimization via steepest decent.
  • Other outputs from the learning algorithms include an association of profiles to set top boxes and obtaining a targeted rating of the defined profiles at the same time, thereby providing a probability that a profile is associated with a set top box.
  • An input to the unsupervised learning process is the collection of set top box signatures, which is the output of the data modeling process. Assume as an example that these are viewing signatures (although these might be time signatures, etc.), where we denote their parametrical representation by a matrix C.
  • each row of the matrix C may refer to one set top box
  • each column of the matrix C may refer to, for example, but not limited to, one program, where the entries of matrix C may be, for example, the portions of the programs that each set top box watched, or, for example, the probabilities with which each of the set top boxes represented in matrix C watched each of the programs represented in matrix C.
  • a matrix A the collection of probabilities, representing viewer profiles association to the set top boxes, where the entries of the matrix A are the probabilities of each of the viewer profiles to be associated with each of the set top boxes. Note that the viewer profiles might be yet unresolved viewer profiles at this stage.
  • the matrix B targeted rating values. Both A and B are unknown in the case of unsupervised learning.
  • the population consists of viewers that can be divided into several groups of different profiles, where each viewer may belong to one or more group of viewers profiles.
  • Each such group of profiles is associated, for example, with a behavior pattern in terms of watching habits, where the pattern consists of, for example, but not limited to, the viewing signatures and the targeted rating per content and per each profile, where the targeted rating for the profile is the probability of a viewer of this profile watching each program, or some other definition of content.
  • the term low rank refers in this case to the fact that the number of different profile groups is smaller than the dimensions of C, representing for example the number of programs and the number of set top boxes in the network, where due to this low rank the matrices A and B may be obtained using this approximation.
  • One approach to obtaining a low rank approximation of the matrix C is to search for the matrices A and B that minimize the squared norm of the matrix (AB ⁇ C). This can be done using, for example, a convex optimization method on the quantity of equation three, which reads:
  • n denotes the squared norm of (AB ⁇ C)
  • trace is a known operation on a matrix providing the sum of the diagonal.
  • the second derivatives may also be calculated in order to perform this minimization and they are given by the combination of equations six, seven, and eight below:
  • the matrix A is to be understood as the set of probabilities of association of each of the profiles per each of the set top boxes and the matrix B is the targeted rating matrix. Since the matrix A is expected to contain binary quantities (either a profile exists in a household or not), and since the optimal solution is defined up to a multiplicative constant for each profile, it is desirable to find a good quantization criterion for A.
  • a + denotes the pseudo-inverse of the matrix A
  • B + denotes the pseudo-inverse of the matrix B.
  • the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse may be used. This enables a reduction of the dimensionality of the problem as the dimensions of the later matrices are usually much smaller than of the matrix (AB ⁇ C). Further, this approach creates a sharper distinction between the probabilities in A (desired to be binary) and of B (usually small probabilities representing targeted rating) in the minimization process.
  • the pseudo-inverse of a matrix is unique in mathematical terms, hence minimizing equations nine or ten is well defined. In the case of minimizing, for example, the quantity m, one would need to use the derivatives
  • the output is a set of probabilities, A, associating groups of profiles to the set top boxes, which later may be quantized and/or resolved (using, when needed a profile resolving procedure and quantization), and a set of probabilities, B, providing the targeted rating for each (for example) program and each profile (also to be used in the profile resolving scheme when needed). It should be noted that the targeted rating may be re-calculated during the post-processing to increase the accuracy.
  • the quantization step is typically, but not necessarily, to be used after the learning and profile determination stage, in the identification functionality, or a few times during the steps of learning, profile determination, and identification.
  • N is the number of set top boxes in the network
  • p is the probability that a profile is associated to a set top box
  • q 1 ⁇ p.
  • Profile determination is a process that defines the nature of identified profiles.
  • profiles definition for example from a single source research results, such as, but not limited to, viewing habits and behavior, may be used as inputs.
  • profile list and targeted rating of defined profiles may be used as inputs.
  • the inputs are provided to a resolving algorithm resulting in profile descriptions that describe each profile in the list.
  • the single source research addresses a focus group that answers a questionnaire.
  • There are two groups of questions in this questionnaire namely, a first group and a second group.
  • the first group refers to identity of a person, examples including behavior (i.e., purchasing behavior, rest and relaxation preferences, etc) and demographic profile of the answering person.
  • the second group refers to media consumption, for example, about the time a person would watch television each day of the week and his preferred shows.
  • the single source research associates the media consumption habits with other habits, such as, but not limited to, purchasing habits and preferred vacation habits.
  • the output of the single source research is a set of profiles and their habits, while each profile is associated with its media consumption habits.
  • the resolving algorithm finds the best correlation between two sets of data, namely, for example, the media consumption habits of the focus group; and, for example, the targeted rating of the defined profiles (the output of the unsupervised learning algorithm). Therefore, the resolving algorithm has the capability of defining the traits of the learned profile in the unsupervised algorithm.
  • the management application 50 knows online, or offline, the current psychographic or demographic profiles that are consuming content for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures.
  • the information regarding the current demographic/psychographic profiles that are consuming content for set top boxes within the network for which sufficient input was received, may be the basis for personalized advertisements deployment in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract

A system and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences is provided. The method includes the steps of deriving a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network; deriving a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and processing the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of profiles.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority to copending U.S. Provisional Application entitled, “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS FOR AN ACCESS NETWORK,” having Ser. No. 60/956,728, filed Aug. 20, 2007, which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to advertising, and more particularly is related to providing personal advertisement to video services.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Owners of products and services, also referred to herein as advertisers, spend significant funds advertising on television. In addition, advertisers seek to maximize return from their investment in advertising on television by using different techniques. As an example, owners may pay to have an advertisement run at a specific time on a specific channel. Such an advertisement may not only be for products and services, but for any content, such as, but not limited to, video on demand, gaming, and any other content or service. In addition, owners may pay a premium price to have their advertisement run during the showing of popular television programming.
  • Unfortunately, advertisers do not have control over who may be watching television at a time that an advertisement is run. As a result, finds associated with television advertising are not maximized. Instead, after receiving ratings associated with an aired television show, advertisers pay based upon a previously desired audience and an agreed upon percentage. Funds would be better allocated if a larger number of a specific desired audience could be selected for viewing of targeted advertisements.
  • Different techniques have been used in an attempt to maximize television advertising investments. Examples of known techniques include attempting to obtain demographic and psychographic profiles, and using information about rating. Unfortunately, information about rating, demographic and psychographic profiles, and targeted rating is obtained using surveys and/or people meters, which are based on small sample audiences and are inaccurate in the collection process. Advertisers, network management, and cable/satellite decision makers would like to use more accurate information for placement and pricing of television advertisements.
  • Currently, the process of creating television viewer profiles has not made use of the actual actions of the television viewers while watching television. Utilizing information associated with viewer actions while watching television would be very useful in the creating of television viewer profiles. In addition, it would be beneficial to be able to determine a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that viewed content.
  • Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network. Briefly described, in architecture, one embodiment of the system, among others, can be implemented as follows. The system contains a head end having a computer and means for communicating therein, wherein the computer has a management application stored therein, and wherein the management application further comprises: logic configured to derive a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network; logic configured to derive a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and logic configured to process the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of the profiles.
  • The present invention can also be viewed as providing methods for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network. In this regard, one embodiment of such a method, among others, can be broadly summarized by the following steps: deriving a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network; deriving a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and processing the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of profiles.
  • Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present invention will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Many aspects of the invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an IPTV network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of personalizing advertisements, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes within a supervised learning scenario.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cable network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a satellite network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a terrestrial network in which the present system may be provided.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart further illustrating the steps of the supervised learning process.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart further illustrating the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes within an unsupervised learning scenario.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram further illustrating functionality of the management application as blocks of logic.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed logical flow diagram illustrating a sequence of events performed during unsupervised learning.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart further illustrating a process for determining targeted rating.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • The present system is capable of learning the viewing habits of video viewers by collecting zapping events and other events performed by the viewer. Such videos may be viewed via a television, hand held device, computer, or any device capable of displaying video. The events may be collected at a set top box, computer, or other device. Alternatively, the events may be collected at a different location, such as, but not limited to, at an access multiplexer located in a head end, or in a device located separate from the head end. The system learns the viewing habits and zapping habits of different population profiles by identifying the viewing profile of a household.
  • The system uses supervised or unsupervised learning functionality for identifying different population profiles, and provides a representation of the probability (or another form of representation) of each population profile to watch any given program and to present a zapping pattern. The probabilities can be utilized as a tool for advertisers searching for the demographic profile of the audience of a television program, or, using inference functionality described herein, to identify the home audience at each household, and the specific viewers of a television program. Thereafter, the system is capable of supplying personalized content, such as, but not limited to, advertisements, video selections, and other content, to the viewers. It should be noted that the following description provides an example in which the content is an advertisement, however, the invention is not intended to be limited to advertisements, but instead, any content that may be personalized.
  • The present system collects the operations performed by viewers at service decoders, such as, but not limited to, set top boxes (the term set top box is used hereafter). The system then employs unsupervised or supervised learning functionality, as described herein, to interpret the operations at each set top box as the sum of operations of all viewers associated with this set top box. The system learns to identify different viewer profiles in the population and associates with each set top box and profile a probabilistic model of the viewing and zapping habits of viewers.
  • It should be noted that the present system and method may be provided within different infrastructures. As an example, the following description provides examples of using the present system and method in an Internet protocol television (IPTV) infrastructure, in a cable infrastructure, and in a satellite infrastructure. While these infrastructures are described herein, the present system and method is not intended to be limited to these infrastructures.
  • While the following describes the present system and method in detail it is beneficial to provide certain definitions.
  • Set top box (STB) or service decoder: A set top box or service decoder is a device responsible for converting digital (or analog) content received into viewable content that may be fed into a television set or other monitor. The set top box or service decoder may be located at a household or another location.
  • Platform: A network of service decoders (e.g., set top boxes) of a specific television service provider.
  • Passive audience identification: Identification of the viewer's profiles without any specific actions performed by the viewer.
  • Zapping event: A zapping event is an event where there is switching from a current service to another service, where the switching is performed by, for example, but not limited to, use of a remote control, pushing buttons on the set top box, or any action that causes switching, including, but not limited to, voice commands, or even consumer motions without pressing buttons. In addition, a zapping event may be other means for communicating with a set top box, such as, but not limited to, pressing an electronic program guide, pressing a volume button, and other actions involving the set top box.
  • Zapping pattern: A zapping pattern is the behavior of a viewing individual in terms of zapping, such as, but not limited to, programs watched, frequency of zapping events, and variance of zapping frequency.
  • Set top box (STB) zapping signature: Records of zapping events of a particular set top box.
  • Set top box (STB) signature: Data model providing characteristics of a set top box including: an association between a set top box and content available to the set top box, where the content is either provided or not provided via the set top box during a time period; and/or, at least one zapping pattern associated with the set top box. It should be noted that herein when referring to set top box signatures, one or more set top box signature is included. In addition, content availability refers to content that the set top box has access to and can provide.
  • Zapping log: Records of the set top box zapping signatures for an entire set top box network (Platform) or for part of the network.
  • Channel: A stream of programs broadcasted consecutively from a content source.
  • Program: Content that was broadcasted on a specific channel at a specific date and time, whether on demand or generally broadcasted.
  • Program rating: Percent of viewers that watched the program.
  • Targeted program rating: Percent of viewers of specific profile that watched the program.
  • Channel rating: Percent of viewers that watched the channel during the specified time period.
  • Targeted channel rating: Percent of viewers of specific Profile that watched the channel during the specified time period.
  • Profile: The classification of an individual into one of several population groups that is targeted. Such profiles may be, for example, but not limited to, psychographic (for example, behavioral) or demographic profiles. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, gender, age, income, marital status, and possibly also by interests in different fields.
  • Learning functionality: Functionality used to reduce a large set of observed data and its classification into groups to a set of parameters, allowing to reconstruct the classification of the majority of the original data and to classify similar, unlearned, data, or, to produce a new type of classification. Different relevant learning methods may be utilized to provide the learning functionality such as, but not limited to, artificial neural networks, decision trees, k-Nearest Neighbor, Quadratic classifier, support vector machine, direct probability estimate using Bayesian inference, Bayesian networks, Gaussian estimators, least squares optimization methods, and other optimization methods.
  • Supervised learning: Supervised learning is learning in which the classification of the observed data is inferred from a sample of the data supplied by an outside source. The learning functionality searches for a parameter set allowing reconstruction of the classification from the input that later can be used for classification of new unlearned data.
  • Unsupervised learning: Unsupervised learning is learning in which no classification of observed data is given (i.e., no sample is provided), and the functionality attempts to classify the data into different classes under some constraints. The functionality may use a method, such as, but not limited to, vector quantization, and various learning methods and various optimization methods, to find a reduction of the data into representative classes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an IPTV network 10 in which the present system may be provided. Specifically, FIG. 1 is specific to video on demand or personalized advertisements for an IPTV infrastructure. As shown by FIG. 1, an IPTV head end 20 is provided, portions of which communicate with at least one customer premises 100A-100D. As is known by those having ordinary skill in the art, a head end is the physical location in an area where a video signal is received by a provider, stored, processed, and transmitted to local customers of the provider. One having ordinary skill in the art would also appreciate that more than one head end may be provided within a network. In addition, a network may have more than one type of head end, such as, but not limited to, a cable head end, a satellite head end, an IPTV head end, and a terrestrial head end.
  • The head end 20 contains at least a video service splicer 30, an advertisements video server 40, a management application 50, and an access network multiplexer 60. One having ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the head end 20 may have portions in addition to those mentioned herein. In addition, while the present description refers to a management application, it should be noted that the management application is stored on a computer.
  • The video service splicer 30 receives video and audio services from a satellite dish 70. It should, however, be noted that video and audio services may be received by devices other than a satellite dish 70, such as, but not limited to, a cable network or any device capable of providing video to the head end 20.
  • The video service splicer 30 is capable of splicing personal advertisements into a video service stream, as instructed by the management application 50 and as is further described in detail hereinbelow. The video service splicer 30 also receives advertisements from the advertisements video server 40. In addition, actions of the video service splicer 30 are controlled by the management application 50. It should be noted that, for the example of an IPTV network, the video packets received by the video service splicer 30 may carry an Internet protocol (IP) address and a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port number. It should also be noted that the video service splicer 30 may instead receive video and audio services from a cable fiber.
  • The access network multiplexer 60 is responsible for routing video services to transmission units 120A-120D that are video services decoders, as explained hereinbelow. The transmission units 120 are each located within a customer premises 100A-100D. The access multiplexer 60 is connected to both the management application 50 and the video service splicer 30. Specifically, the access network multiplexer 60 may perform, for example, IP and UDP port manipulation. It should be noted that the access network multiplexer 60 may be, for example, but not limited to, an optic multiplexer or a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM). From a multicast point of view, as described hereinbelow, connection between the access network multiplexer 60 and a set top box 110 may be a shared media connection, or any other type of connection, and there may or may not be a multicast hierarchy between the access network multiplexer 60 and the set top box 110.
  • The management application 50 communicates with the video service splicer 30, the advertisements video server 40, and the access network multiplexer 60. In addition, the management application 50 provides the functionality required to learn unsupervised profiles in television audiences, as is described in detail hereinbelow. It should be noted that in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the management application 50 may instead be located within a set top box 110 located within the customer premises 100A-100D.
  • Each customer premises 100A-100D at least contains a set top box 100A-100D and a transmission unit 120A-120D. While for exemplary purposes four customer premises 100A-100D are illustrated, one having ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that additional or fewer customer premises 100A-100D may be provided. The transmission unit 120 is capable of receiving advertisement streams and video streams and forwarding the streams to an appropriate set top box 110. For exemplary purposes, the customer premises 100A-100D is illustrated as also containing a computer 130A-130D, although a computer 130 is not intricate to the invention. It should be noted that while a single set top box is shown as being located within a customer premises 100, more than one set top box 110 may be located within the customer premises 100. In addition, in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the set top box may be a computer or any device that can decode a service. For the present example of an IPTV network, the set top box 110 receives a video service with certain TCP/IP parameters, such as, but not limited to, IP address and UDP port. It should be noted, however, that in a cable network or a satellite network, the set top box 110 may or may not receive TCP/IP parameters.
  • The present system enables editing of online personal video so as to provide personalized television advertisements directed toward a viewer presently watching the television. As is described in detail below, the present invention is capable of categorizing a viewer into an advertising profile, an example of which is, but in not limited to, a demographic profile. Within a single customer premises, different television viewers may have different profiles. The different television viewers may view the same television during the day. Each different viewer may be associated with a different advertising profile, such as, but not limited to a demographic profile, thus preferably receiving different advertising messages. As an example, a family structure may be described as having an adult male of age 45, an adult female of age 42, a male teenager of age 17, a female teenager of age 14, and a male child of age 7. It should be noted that while the present description refers to a demographic profile, other types of profiles may be provided for.
  • During the time that a television viewer consumes service transmissions the management application 50 identifies the profile of the viewer. After identifying the profile, the application 50 performs personalized advertisements editing for that particular profile. When there is a different viewer with a different advertising profile that is using the same video decoder, the management application 50 identifies the profile that the viewer belongs to and performs online personalization editing for the advertisements, as described below.
  • In accordance with the present invention, for both supervised and unsupervised learning, the television consumers, also referred to herein as viewers, are not individually identifying themselves to the system. As a result, the system is required to identify consumer profiles and to associate the profiles with a specific set top box. This process is described in detail hereinbelow. Prior to describing this process, a general process of IPTV advertisement insertion in a broadcast environment is described in detail.
  • A typical advertisement projection works as follows. During content consumption the access network multiplexer 60 receives a video signal and sends the video signal to the customer premises 100A-100D using an IP protocol. During an advertisement break the video transmissions continue to be transmitted in multicast, thus there is no personalization of advertisements. To instead personalize advertisements, the following is performed.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart 200 further illustrating the process of personalizing advertisements, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention. Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternative implementations are included within the scope of the embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
  • As shown by block 202, content is transmitted from the head end 20, via the access network multiplexer 60, to the set top box 110. An example of a protocol that may be used for the transmission is the Internet group management protocol (IGMP), which is used by IP hosts to manage their dynamic multicast group membership. Of course, other protocols may be used.
  • In accordance with the present example, a subset, or complete set, of the customers that are connected to the access network multiplexer 60 are viewing the same video and/or audio service (i.e., content). The management application 50 also continuously identifies the consumers (block 204). It should be noted that the management application 50 can utilize either online processing or offline processing to determine a relationship between viewed content (e.g., videos) and viewer profiles. Regarding offline processing to identify consumers, associate the consumers with content, and produce reports, in accordance with a predefined schedule, or when prompted to do so, the management application 50 reviews zapping patterns, processes the patterns, and associates each program viewed from a set top box 110 with a viewer profile. Alternatively, for online processing, during an advertising break, the management application 50 reviews only recent zapping events to determine which viewer is presently viewing content. Further description of consumer identification is provided with regard to FIG. 3, FIG. 8, and FIG. 10. It should be noted that the information received by the management application 50 may be received from a source other than a set top box.
  • Returning to the flowchart 200 of FIG. 2, the management application 50 decides which advertisements of the advertisement set each consumer should receive (block 206). It should be noted that the process of selecting advertisements is described in detail herein.
  • As shown by block 208, the video splicer 30 then splices the advertisements according to the decision of block 206. Since one having ordinary skill in the art would know how a video splicer splices advertisements, further description of the splicing process is not provided herein. As shown by block 210, when the advertisement break is over, the access multiplexer 60 continues to transmit the multicast transmission as it did prior to the advertisement break.
  • It should be noted that if during an advertisement break the consumer changes the consumed video service, the management application 50 supplies the new service in the same manner. Specifically, if the service transmits content, the management application 50 continues to transmit the content with the multicast protocol. In addition, if there is an advertisement break, the management application 50 may splice different advertisements.
  • As previously mentioned, the present system provides a consumer specific advertising environment. This environment is provided in part by the providing of online multilayer multicast groups between the access network multiplexer 60 and the set top boxes 110A-110D. The access network multiplexer 60 transmits broadcast transmissions with multicast protocol to a subset A of the set that is connected to the access network multiplexer 60. In the subset A there are different subsets B of consumers watching the same channel at a given moment that are connected to the access network multiplexer 60. Within a single subset B, consumers are associated by their profile for advertising. When there is an advertisement break, the access network multiplexer 60 is transmitting an additional layer of multicast, where each different subset Bi is receiving different advertisements according to the advertisement profile associated with subset Bi. Finally, when the advertisement break is over, subset A consumers continue to watch the same service.
  • While the abovementioned provides an example of an IPTV network 10, a different infrastructure in which the present system and method may be provided includes a cable network 400. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cable network 10 in which the present system may be provided. While there are similarities between the IPTV network of FIG. 1 and the cable network 400 of FIG. 4, there are also differences, which are described herein.
  • Referring the FIG. 4, a cable head end 410 of the cable network 400 is very similar to the IPTV head end 20 of the IPTV network 10. It should be noted, however, that instead of an access network multiplexer 60, the cable network 400 contains an RF interface 410, which may be, for example, but not limited to, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator and/or a radio frequency (RF) combiner. The cable network 400 provides for individual coaxial cables to provide communication capability from the cable head end 410 to individual set top boxes 430A-430H, where each set top box is located within a customer premises (CP) 440A-440H, such as, but not limited to, a home.
  • Another example of a network in which the present system and method may be provided is a satellite network. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a satellite network 500 in which the present system may be provided. The satellite network 500 contains a satellite head end 510 that is similar to the IPTV head end 20, except that the satellite head end 510 contains an RF modulation interface 520. The RF modulation interface 520 is capable of formatting and amplifying received data for transmission to a satellite 550.
  • The satellite 550 is capable of reflecting received data to satellite dishes 560A-560N capable of receiving data signals from the satellite 550. Each satellite dish 560A-560N is associated with a customer premises 570A-570N, such as, for example, a home. In addition, each customer premises 570A-570N has at least one set top box 580A-580N located therein.
  • Still a further example of a network in which the present system and method may be provided is a terrestrial network. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a terrestrial network 600 in which the present system may be provided. The terrestrial network 600 contains a terrestrial head end 610 that is similar to the IPTV head end 20, except that the terrestrial head end 610 contains an RF modulation interface 620. The RF modulation interface 620 is capable of formatting and amplifying received data for transmission to a radio tower 650.
  • The radio tower 650 is capable of reflecting received data to antennas 660A-660N capable of receiving data signals from the radio tower 650. Each antenna 660A-660N is associated with a customer premises 670A-670N, such as, for example, a home. In addition, each customer premises 670A-670N has at least one set top box 680A-680N located therein.
  • In accordance with the present invention, the management application 50 identifies the consumer profiles that are using video/audio decoders (i.e., set top boxes) in the network 10. For exemplary purposes the example of a single household having two television sets is provided. Each television is connected to a different set top box. A first television A is located in the living room and a second television B resides in a room for children.
  • In accordance with the present example, there are three consumer demographic profiles in the household, namely:
      • 1. Profile 1: Male adult of age 37
      • 2. Profile 2: Female adult of age 34
      • 3. Profile 3: Male child of age 8 and male child of age 10
  • The consumer profiles are associated with the television sets as follows:
  • Television A—profiles 1, 2, and 3 (all the household residents are consuming content via television A).
  • Television B—profile 3 (only the children are using television B)
  • The process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes may be separated in accordance with whether a supervised learning process is used or an unsupervised learning process. These two scenarios are described separately hereinbelow, although it will be noted that certain steps in the processes are similar.
  • In accordance with the present example, for both the supervised and unsupervised scenarios, service providers have no knowledge of the profiles existing in the household, the location of the television sets in the household, and/or associations between the television sets and the profiles. Instead, the management application 50 identifies and associates the consumer profiles with the set top boxes.
  • Supervised Learning
  • Reference is now made to the flowchart 300 of FIG. 3. The flowchart 300 of FIG. 3 further illustrates the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes 100A-100D within a supervised learning scenario. As shown by block 302, to acquire a sample, the service provider may send a questionnaire to the consumers. Alternatively, the service provider may use any other method of obtaining data, such as, but not limited to, having a telephone conversation. The questionnaire may refer to the household demographic details, video decoders (i.e., set top boxes), and association between the usage of each person in the household and the video decoders in the household. As shown by block 304, consumers fill out the questionnaire and return the same to the service provider. With the return of the consumer questionnaire, it is known which individual profiles and set top boxes are associated with a household.
  • As shown by block 306, set top boxes 110 in the network 10 record all of the zapping events that the consumers are creating. In accordance with the present description, and as is known by those having ordinary skill in the art, zapping refers to the switching from the current service to another service via use of, for example, but not limited to, a remote control or pushing buttons on the video decoder. It should be noted that this use of remote controls is provided for exemplary purposes. Instead, zapping may be associated with switching initiated by voice commands, or even consumer motions without pressing buttons.
  • As shown by block 308, the set top boxes 110 send the zapping events to the management application 50. The management application 50 then associates behavior of consumers and their zapping pattern with the households that either did not return the questionnaire or that never received a questionnaire (block 310).
  • The association process is a learning process, also referred to as a business process, which is the process of passive platform audience learning and identification, and targeted platform rating calculation and analysis. The learning process is divided into multiple steps, including data collection, modeling, learning, identification, analysis, and post processing. FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 further illustrating the steps of the supervised learning process.
  • Data Collection
  • Referring to FIG. 7 and the step of data collection, in order to perform audience learning, audience identification, and targeted rating calculation, certain external data is collected and converted into an internal format (block 702). This external data includes the zapping log, the broadcast schedule, set top box information, and sample information. The zapping log includes the actions that were performed by the set top box user using a remote control, directly using set top box control buttons, or performing a different action that caused changing from a current service to another service, or from a current state of the set top box to another state of the set top box (e.g., switching on or off). The broadcast schedule (or AsRun) includes, for example, a timetable for the platform channels/programs during the zapping gathering period. It should be noted that the broadcast schedule may also include a schedule of video on demand programs, or a schedule of any interactive service. The broadcast schedule should be reconciled with the zapping log in terms of times and channels identifications. The set top box information includes the relevant information, for every set top box for which zapping was collected, (e.g., unique set top box identifier and address). The set top box information should also be reconciled with the zapping log in terms of set top box identifications.
  • Modeling
  • Modeling is the process of converting the zapping log into different data models that could be used by different learning and identification algorithms, thereby providing a set top box signature (block 704). In accordance with the present system and method, at least the following data models are recognized. A first data model that is recognized is a set top box viewing signature. Regarding the set top box viewing signature, for each set top box, the list of “watched” programs could be created based on the zapping log and reconciled broadcast schedule. For each watched program, an aggregated watching percentage is given. As an example, STB 1 watched program number 56, 30%, means that STB 1 watched 30% of the program, on overall (including leaving the program and getting back to it), during the whole time of broadcast of program number 56. A second data model that is recognized is a set top box time signature. The set top box time signature is, for each set top box, the list of percentages of viewing every channel during the specific time aggregated for weekdays. As an example, set top box 1 (STB1) watched CNN on Sundays between 12:00 and 13:00, 25%, means that during the learning period, the average time that this particular set top box watched CNN between 12:00 and 13:00 on Sundays was fifteen minutes.
  • A third data model that is recognized is a set top box zapping frequency signature. Specifically, every profile does zapping with different frequencies. Calculating zapping frequencies of every set top box during the predefined time periods provides a Zapping Frequency Signature.
  • Unfortunately, the zapping log is not noise free. Most of the viewers use the remote control in the same fashion, but there is a small minority of users that would use the remote control differently. This affects the general zapping frequency, surfing periods (when the viewer changes the channels with high frequency in order to find something interesting), etc. In order to handle these irregular behaviors, a set of data filters should be applied to the zapping log prior to modeling.
  • Learning
  • For supervised learning, learning is a process in which the set top box signatures (viewing, time, and/or zapping frequency), created at the data modeling stage, are used with a list of set top boxes and profiles to provide an Association Rule (block 706). The Association Rule provides knowledge of how to associate a list of profiles within a network to a set top box within the network. The Association Rule is determined due to not having received filled out questionnaires from all parties and wanting to determine unknown relationships between profiles and set top boxes.
  • It should be noted that during supervised learning, it is not determined which profiles are associated with which set top boxes. Instead, as mentioned above, an Association Rule is determined to provide knowledge of how to associate a list of profiles to each set top box.
  • As mentioned above, during supervised learning there is an association of set top box signatures (e.g., viewing) for each set top box in the data model to a predefined list of profiles, based on a sample, for further use in the identification functionality. A sample is a partial list of set top boxes for which both the zapping log and the list of profiles associated with each set top box are provided. The sample may be provided by an operator of the set top box collection. Predefined profiles can be, for example, but not limited to, demographic profiles that define gender, age, marital status, income level, or psychographic (behavioral) profiles.
  • The Association Rule can be applied to any set top box in the same network, as is performed during identification. An example of a process that may be used to derive the Association Rule follows. The management application 50 contains knowledge of the current consumed service for a specific decoder, the profiles (demographic, or behavioral) associated with a specific decoder and household, and previously consumed content for a specific decoder. In accordance with the present invention, the management application 50 uses inference functionality to determine the current viewer/listener profile. The inference functionality defines the current profile(s) that is/are consuming the service.
  • An example of inference functionality follows, where the learning functionality uses Bayes rule. At this point, the management application 50 contains knowledge of the current consumed service for a specific decoder (set top box). In addition, the management application 50 knows the demographic profiles associated with a specific decoder and household. Further, the management application 50 knows previously consumed content for a specific decoder, specifically, the short-term history. The management application 50 may then use the inference functionality to determine the current viewer/listener profile.
  • An example for the inference functionality using Bayes rule is provided hereinafter. In the learning algorithm, data collection determines the distribution of the consumed content as a function of the classification of the viewers/listeners at the household. In addition, using the data in conjunction with the Bayes rule, the probability that the household contains a viewer/listener belonging to each demographic profile is estimated. Data utilized to perform this process includes probabilities of each consumed service for households containing each of the demographic profiles, as well as probabilities of each consumed service for households not containing each of the demographic profiles.
  • Bayes rule reads as shown by equation one below.

  • P(C|F1 . . . Fn1)=P(F1 . . . Fn|C) *P(C)/(P(F1 . . . Fn|C)*P(C)+P(F1 . . . Fn|˜C)*PC))   (Eq. 1)
  • In equation one, P (F1 . . . Fn|C) is the probability that a household containing a certain profile (C) consumes the list of services F1 . . . Fn and does not consume any other service. In addition, P (F1 . . . Fn|˜C) is the probability that a household not containing a certain profile (C) consumes the list of services F1 . . . Fn and does not consume any other service. Further, P(C) is the probability that a household contains profile C, regardless of the services consumed and P(˜C) is the probability that a household does not contain profile C, regardless of the services consumed.
  • P(F1 . . . Fn|C) and P(F1 . . . Fn|˜C) may be approximated as the products P(F1˜C)* . . . *P(Fn|C) and P(F1|˜C)* . . . *P(Fn|˜C) respectively, which may be calculated directly from the statistics gathered for the sample population. Better approximations may be obtained by considering correlations between services and between profiles in a household. From the above calculation, the result is the probability, P(C|F1 . . . Fn) that a household contains profile C, given the list of the household consumed services. The collection of all values P(C|F1 . . . Fn), calculated for the whole of sample set top boxes represents the Association Rule used for the identification step, applied to each set top box in the network, which was not part of the sample set top boxes. In addition, from this calculation, the result is the probability that a certain individual viewer from a specific profile used the set top box.
  • In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, a sample may be provided, and post processing may be provided to associate content with profiles. Specifically, a sample may include at least one profile, a set top box associated with the profile, and zapping information associated with the set top box. Post processing may then be performed on the sample to determine which content (e.g., advertisement) is most appropriate for providing to the consumer associated with the profile. As a result, in accordance with this alternative embodiment of the invention, the learning process is not required.
  • Identification
  • Identification is a process of recognition of a list of profiles as being associated with a certain set top box, based on the learning results. Every set top box in the network should be assigned with at least one profile (demographic, or behavioral). It is conceivable to assume that in front of a set top box, mostly there is more than one active profile and there are cases where the same profile should be associated a few times to the same set top box. Thus, for each set top box there should be assigned one or more profiles. For example, a young couple (male & female) between the ages of 20-30 that are living together would produce 2 profiles, specifically, one for the female and the other for the male. As another example, if a specific household has two boys of the ages seven and fourteen, the boys may both be assigned to an appropriate set top box as the same profile, “Male 6-18.”
  • To determine the list of profiles associated with a set top box, the Association Rule is mathematically applied to the list of set top box signatures (block 708).
  • Analysis
  • Analysis is the process of breaking down and studying the results of learning and identification in order to estimate possible identification errors, provide a set of different factors and amendments for post processing, association of definition of profiles by signatures to a third party definition, and any other functionality resulting from studying the learning and identification results.
  • The identification error analysis may be performed via mathematical modeling means and/or via simulation (empirical) means. For example, estimation of expected identification errors may be achieved via applying the learned results to a part of the sample and simulating the identification results.
  • Post Processing
  • Post Processing is the process of calculating the data required for presentation to potential customers, such as, targeted rating. Post processing also includes reporting and analyzing based on results of identification. The aforementioned list of results is obtained via post processing functionality described hereafter. Such functionality may be provided by, for example, algorithms. Post processing may be utilized to calculate the following data, although post processing calculation is not intended to be limited to calculating only this data; rather, by post processing any calculation done with the use of the results obtained from the learner and/or identifier is referred to as a post processed calculation/algorithm.
  • Targeted Rating
  • Targeted rating may include a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content, a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content from a channel during a specified time period, or a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that consumed content provided within the network during a specified time period. It should be noted that the term “consumed” is used herein instead of the term “watched” since content consumed by a viewer profile not only includes content that is watched by a viewer profile, but also content that is not watched, but that is provided to a set top box associated with a viewer profile, such as, but not limited to, audio content.
  • Herein, content may be, for example, but not limited to, a program. It should also be noted, that for exemplary purposes, the following provides the example of consuming content comprising watching content, however, one having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that consuming of content need not be limited to watching content, but instead may include other functions such as, but not limited to, listening to content received from a channel.
  • More specifically, targeted rating functionality calculates the targeted rating of a content per profile (e.g., using optimization algorithms, see examples herein below) of the learned and identified data, or of any independent data (e.g., obtained from the sample) as long as the data contains information about the set top box signatures (e.g., viewing signatures) and the profile(s) associated to each set top box in the input. As an example, the targeted rating functionality may be used on data resulting from the supervised learning functionality, unsupervised learning functionality, or independent data. It should be noted that herein set top box signatures includes one or more set top box signature.
  • Targeted rating may include targeted program rating, targeted channel rating, and targeted time interval rating. Targeted program rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched a program. In addition, targeted channel rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched a channel during a specified time period. Further, targeted time interval rating is a percentage of viewers of a specific profile that watched content broadcasted within the network during a specified time period.
  • Targeted rating determination may be provided in general or regionally. Specifically, a regional targeted rating is a targeted rating for one region, where a region may be limited to, for example, a specific geographical location. Alternatively, general targeted rating is a targeted rating for an entire network, or a part of a network, which is region independent (for example, it may include one or several combined regions).
  • FIG. 11 is a flow chart 950 illustrating the process of determining a targeted rating. As shown by block 952, data representing relationships between viewer profiles and set top boxes is received, or obtained. Specifically, data showing which profiles are associated with which set top boxes is received. The data may either be obtained after performing learning and identification processes, as described herein, or received from an external source.
  • As shown by block 954, set top box signatures are also received, or obtained, for use in determining targeted rating. Such set top box signatures may be, for example, but not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, or zapping frequency signatures. It should be noted that other set top box signatures may also be provided for by the present system and method.
  • The type of set top box signature used in targeted rating determination dictates which kind of targeted rating will result. As an example, when viewing set top box signatures are used, targeted program rating results. In addition, when time set top box signatures are used, targeted time interval rating, or targeted channel per a time interval rating, results.
  • As shown by block 956, a first input set is derived showing the probability that each profile is associated with each set top box. It should be noted that the first input set is derived by performing the learning and identification processes, or is received from an external source. A second input set is derived containing data of set top box signatures (block 958). It should be noted that the second input set is derived by performing the modeling functionality on the collected/received zapping log. As an example, for a viewing signature, the zapping log may contain information showing whether a certain set top box consumed certain content (for example, a program), or not. For purposes of deriving the desired output set, namely, the set of targeted ratings, it is assumed that the data of the set top box signatures can be approximated by certain operations involving data associating profiles to set top boxes and targeted rating.
  • As is shown by block 960, certain operations are applied on the set of data associating profiles to set top boxes and the set of data containing set top box signatures (the input sets), resulting in a targeted rating (the output set). Different forms of data sets and different operations may be used to provide the targeted rating. As an example, matrices may be used to derive the targeted rating, where it is assumed that multiplying a matrix A (matrix A shows the probability that each profile is associated with each set top box) by a matrix B (matrix B is the targeted rating) would result in a matrix C (matrix C is the set top box signature data). Of course, other examples of operations may be used. Two examples of operations that may be used to determine targeted rating are provided below.
  • If the network covers more than one region and information on the regions in which the different set-top boxes in the network reside is available, a regional targeted rating (RTR) may be calculated using similar methods to those described below. In addition, regional targeted rating of high-resolution time steps, where a time step may be for example, but not limited to, per each thirty seconds, may be calculated for each specific channel and profile.
  • Input to the regional targeted rating functionality includes the region in which each of the set top boxes is stationed, the set top box signatures for set top boxes within that region, such as, but not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, zapping frequency signatures, and high-resolution time signatures, and lists of profiles associated with each of the set top boxes within the region, from any source. It should be noted that a region may have one or more set top boxes therein. In addition, a set top box may be located within more than one region.
  • The output of the regional targeted rating functionality is the percentage of viewers of each predefined profile, within a specific region, that watched each of the contents, for example, programs, in the case of when viewing signatures are the input, or of each channel at a certain time interval, in the case of when time signatures are the input.
  • Two examples of methods that may be used to calculate targeted rating are provided herein below. It should be noted that the present invention is not intended to be limited to the following examples, but instead that the following examples are merely provided for exemplary purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention.
  • EXAMPLE 1
  • An example of a method to calculate targeted rating, given a list of set top boxes with viewing signatures and profile(s) associated to each set top box, can be given via the use of a linear regression optimization algorithm. In calculating the targeted rating, it is assumed that multiplying the set of parameters representing the association of profile(s) to set top boxes (let us call it A) by the aggregation of targeted rating values of each of the profiles per each program watched by at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures (the yet unknown and desired output, let us call it B) corresponds to the parameters representing the aggregation of the set top box viewing signatures (part of the input, let us call it C).
  • For purposes of this example, it is assumed that the sets of parameters A, B, and C are utilized to provide matrices A, B, and C. A minimization algorithm on the squared norm of the matrix (AB−C) may then be performed (a random initial guess is provided to the algorithm for the values of B). In other words, given A and C, the output of applying this algorithm is the set of probabilities, B, representing the probability of each profile to watch each of the programs broadcasted to the collection of set top boxes. An example table for such an output is presented below after example 2 is described.
  • EXAMPLE 2
  • As a second example of a method to calculate targeted rating, the matrices A, B and C are as in example one, where A is a matrix containing list(s) of demographic, or psychographic, profiles that is (are) associated to each set top box (of the whole network, a part of the network, a specific region within the network, or statistically representing any of those), which is obtained from any source, either via local identification, via receiving an external sample, or via another means.
  • The matrix C is a matrix that contains, per each of the set top boxes, a list of set top box signatures per a channel, or a program. Examples of forms of set top box signatures include, but are not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures or any other form of set top box signatures that associates knowledge of some viewing habits in a certain period per each set top box. The unknown set of probabilities per each of the pre-defined profiles, represented by the matrix B, may then be obtained by the use of solving equation two (Eq. 2):

  • B’A +C   (Eq. 2)
  • In equation two, A+ is the pseudo-inverse of the matrix A, which is unique in mathematical terms, thereby insuring that the targeted rating matrix B computed in equation two is well-defined. An example of a pseudo-inverse is the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse. Calculating A+ and multiplying it by the matrix C gives a good approximation to the matrix B, of the targeted ratings.
  • The algorithm of equation two is extremely accurate and allows for the performance of targeted rating calculations on very large amounts of data (more than an order of millions of entries) in an extremely short computing time. Specifically, when performing linear regression, for example, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the invention, there is a requirement that for each targeted rating element a separate optimization process is performed, thereby requiring a long computation period. A targeted rating element may be, for example, but not limited to, a program, a time interval, or a channel.
  • Alternatively, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention, if a pseudo-inverse is utilitized, performing a matrix multiplication, instead of multiple optimization processes, is very fast and is performed for all the targeted rating elements at once, even if there are tens of thousands of targeted rating elements.
  • An example of data and targeted rating output follows.
  • If the pre-defined profiles are:
      • 1. Female of age 30-55 with high income.
    • 2. Male of age 18-40 with average income.
    • 3. Male child of age 6-16 with low income.
    • 4. Female child of age 6-16 with average income.
  • And the list of programs (as specified in the viewing signatures) is:
      • 1. Saturday night live.
      • 2. Lost.
      • 3. 24.
        Then the targeted rating (TR) output would be the following table:
  • Rating (in % of each
    Program ID Profile ID profile)
    1 1  0.5%
    2   1%
    3 0.01%
    4 0.04%
    2 1   3%
    2 1.54%
    3 0.01%
    4 0
    3 1 2.31%
    2 2.11%
    3 0
    4 0
  • Content to Profile Assignment
  • In addition to a targeted rating of a content (for example, program) per profile, a content to profile assignment (C2P) may be determined. Content may be, for example, but not limited to, a program. The present description provides an example for illustration purposes only. Similarly an assignment of any content in a specific time slot to a specific profile in the household that consumed this content may be made. Obtaining a content to profile assignment involves determining for each program that was watched by a certain set top box, which is the specific profile, of the profiles associated to this set top box, that watched the program. This can be done, for example, via use of algorithms applying algebraic manipulations to the sets of parameters representing the aggregation of viewing (or other) signatures of the set top boxes (such as C above), the parameters representing the association of profile(s) to set top boxes (e.g., A above) and parameters representing targeted rating values (e.g., B above).
  • Total Viewership
  • Further, a total viewership may be calculated (using, e.g., a program—time slot map and applying to it a calculation algorithm which utilizes data obtained in the previous steps described here), which is the calculation of total aggregated viewing activities for each of the pre-defined profiles (these may be demographic or behavioral), during a twenty-four hours period for each week day.
  • For example, having the association of profile(s) with each set top box, represented as a set of probabilities (either obtained as an output from the learning and identification steps or given from an outside source), and given the set top box signatures (e.g., as an output from the data modeling stage), given in addition the broadcasting time table (showing for a pre-defined period of time at which time and date and for which duration each program was broadcasted), the following calculation is performed.
  • The data is aggregated and modulated in such a form that for each day of the week (24 hours) it is calculated how many of each of the pre-defined profiles watched any content during each of the pre-defined time intervals. For example, if the period decided upon is three months and there were 12 Sundays during this period, the 24 hour period is divided to intervals of 15 minutes and for each such interval it is calculated (using the set top box signatures and the data mentioned above) how many times each of the pre-defined profiles watched any content during each of the 15 minute intervals aggregated for all 12 Sundays on a 24 hours span. Then this information is presented in a graph showing the viewing peaks during a 24 hour Sunday divided to 15-minute slots per each profile. This is done for each day of the week (aggregated to the number of time this weekday appeared during the three months period).
  • In addition to the abovementioned, a targeted rating distribution may be determined, which involves, for every channel, for every profile, calculating the rating of the channel for every brief period of time (e.g., thirty seconds), for every minimally defined region. Further, a viewership flow may be determined, which includes, for every channel, calculating the number (or percentage) of viewers of every profile that join and leave the channel during every short period of time (e.g., thirty seconds), for every minimally defined region. Still further, creative reports may be determined such as, for example, during an advertisement break, for each second, calculating the rating and viewership flow. All the aforementioned are merely examples of the post processing possibilities.
  • In the supervised case, with the knowledge gained by the functionality of block 310, for any households that did not fill out the questionnaire, the management application 50 uses identification functionality to associate the rest of the set top boxes 10 with the profiles that are using the set top boxes 10 (block 312). An example of the functionality, which is used as a basis for such an identification functionality, is provided herein below. It should be noted that different relevant learning methods may be used to perform the identification functionality. Examples of such learning methods may include the use of any one of the following, or other learning methods: Bayesian learning, various statistical methods, artificial neural networks; decision trees; k-nearest neighbor; quadratic classifier; support vector machine; various optimization methods, and direct calculation of probabilities. Of course, other learning methods may be used and are intended to be included within the present description.
  • Viewership Flow
  • Using the identified profiles data and high-resolution time signatures, a viewership flow may be calculated. It should be noted that a high-resolution time signature is a representation of which channel each set top box watched during each time step of a specific time interval, such as, but not limited to, thirty seconds. In addition, a viewership flow is the number of viewers of each profile that left or joined watching a specific channel during each time interval (e.g., 30 seconds), during a day or any pre-defined time interval. Viewership flow may be calculated using, for example, but not limited to, a high-resolution regional targeted rating, in addition to the data of signatures and lists of profiles associated with each set top box.
  • Calculation of viewership flow is performed in a few steps. It should be noted that the following is an example of steps that may be used to calculate viewership flow, however, the following example is not the only way to calculate viewership flow and this example is not intended to be limiting. As a first step, the high-resolution regional targeted rating is calculated. Calculation of the high-resolution regional targeted rating provides, per each channel and per each viewer profile, the percentage of viewers of this viewer profile that watched this channel per each time interval (for example, 30 seconds) during each day of a specified period. Such targeted rating may be calculated, for example, but not limited to, using a method similar to the method described in the targeted rating section of the present description, where the word program is replaced by channel per time interval.
  • To calculate viewership flow, the differences between the targeted ratings of same viewer profiles, per different time intervals, may be calculated to record the change in number of viewers of each profile between successive time intervals. Moreover, using for example, but not limited to, the method described above as content to profile assignment, the number of viewers that left or joined the viewers of each channel at each time interval may be calculated. To summarize: the viewership flow application may contain various descriptions of changes in viewers per channel per time interval. For Examples of the abovementioned include, but are not limited to, targeted rating and the changes in targeted rating per time interval, and number of viewers of each profile who left or joined the viewers of the channel at each time interval.
  • Unsupervised Learning
  • Reference is now made to the flowchart 800 of FIG. 8. The flowchart 800 of FIG. 8 further illustrates the process of identifying and associating consumer profiles to set top boxes 100A-100D within an unsupervised learning scenario. It should be noted, that unlike with supervised learning, with unsupervised learning no sample relating viewer profiles to set top boxes is provided. Moreover, the type of viewer profiles might be unknown at the stage of the learning. As a result, the viewer profiles must be determined. It should be noted that different types of viewer profiles may exist, including, but not limited to, demographic and psychographic types of viewer profiles. For example, for the psychographic type of viewer profile, the profile may contain multiple categories, such as, but not limited to, watching habits, purchasing behavior, social class, lifestyle, opinions, and values.
  • To determine viewer profiles one of many methods may be used, such as, but not limited to, using clustering algorithms to find common denominators within a population in association with viewing habits of the population. An example of a method that may be used for profile learning and determination is provided below.
  • As shown by block 802, set top boxes 110 in the network 10 record all zapping events created by the consumers. The set top boxes 110 send the zapping events to the management application 50 (block 804). It should be noted that the zapping events include an identification of the set top box from which the zapping events were derived. The management application 50 then associates behavior of consumers and their zapping patterns (block 806).
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram further illustrating functionality of the management application 50 as blocks of logic. As shown by FIG. 9, the management application 50 contains modeling logic 902, learning logic 904, identification logic 906, analyzer logic 908, profiles determination logic 910, post processor logic 912, and reporting logic 914. The logic of the management application 50 is further described in detail with regard to the logical flow diagram of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed logical flow diagram illustrating a sequence of events performed during unsupervised learning. The zapping log and the broadcast schedule (arrows 1) are the inputs to modeling functionality of the management application 50, the output of which is a collection of set top box signatures (arrow 2), wherein the collection of set top box signatures includes a signature for each set top box in the network. The set top box signatures may be one of multiple classes of signatures, wherein the classes of signatures include viewing signatures, time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures. Each set top box in the network may have multiple signatures, wherein the signatures for a single set top box are selected from the classes of signatures. In fact, for example, a single set top box may even have one or more of each class of signature. Each such set top box also has a unique identification (ID). Viewing signatures are vectors of all the programs watched during a specified period by each of the set top boxes in the network.
  • The set top box signatures are the input used by learning functionality (arrow 3) of the management application 50. The learning functionality clusters profiles into groups of profiles that are yet unresolved. It should be noted that an unresolved profile is a profile for which a type is not yet known. Specifically, the learning functionally, which is further described in detail below under the section entitled “learning”, is capable of using the set top box signatures and determining relationships between profiles to derive clusters of profiles, where a type of a profile is not yet known. As an example, an optimization algorithm may be used to cluster the profiles into groups of unresolved profiles, an example of which is illustrated below. The learning step may be performed a few times, to determine the number of existing profile groups available for identification from viewing signature data. This may be done by, for example, but not limited to, throwing out, after each iteration, the profile groups that have similarity to each other, which is greater than a pre-defined threshold.
  • As previously mentioned, the output of the learning functionality of the management application 50 is clusters of yet unresolved profiles (arrow 4). The clusters of the yet unresolved profiles, together with a profile description (arrows 5), are the input to the profiles determination functionality of the management application 50.
  • The profiles description is a classification, or definition, of profiles of viewers by groups that associates between, for example, viewing habits and purchasing habits of individuals. The profiles description is provided by an external source, such as, but not limited to, a single source researcher. It should be noted that the profile description input is some external definition of profiles that is fed to the system.
  • The profiles determination functionality performs a match between the profiles found by the learning functionality (unresolved profiles) and the profiles description from the external source, which determines whether to match the profiles to demographic clustering or to a specific psychographic clustering, for example, by consuming habits. The profile determination with respect to a given profile description may be done, for example, by performing a standard best match procedure on each of the profiles in both groups (unresolved and pre-defined) and by finding the best possible match to each profile from the unresolved group from the defined profiles. It should be noted that sometimes one unresolved profile might fit to two described profiles and vise versa—two or more unresolved profiles can match one profile from the described profiles group.
  • The output of the profiles determination functionality are the resolved profiles (arrow 6), which are the input, together with the set top box signatures, to an identification functionality (arrows 7).
  • In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention, the learning and the profiles determination functionalities may be performed simultaneously by combining these two functionalities (learning and profile determination) of the management application 50 into one. In accordance with this embodiment, the profiles description and the set top box signatures are both fed as inputs to the learning and profiles determination functionalities (arrows 3 and 5). In this case, the learning and profiles determination functionalities are performed together. The output of the learning and profiles determination functionalities is resolved profiles (arrow 6). In the case of combining these two functionalities, directing the learning process toward the input profiles description may be done by, for example, but not limited to, feeding the described profiles as an initial guess to the optimization process and using the number of the defined profiles as the number of profiles to found.
  • The resolved profiles are sometimes used together with the set top box signatures as an input to the identification functionality of the management application 50 (arrows 7), to associate each set top box in the network with at least one profile, during which, for example, a quantization process may be performed and each set top box in the network may be associated with at least one profile.
  • A quantization process is a process during which, rather than having a continuous range of probabilities of having each of the profiles associated with some set top box, some profiles would be decided as not associated to that set top box (due to having a too small probability of being associated), while other profiles would be decided as being associated (with some higher probability, or 1). A quantization process may be performed by, for example, calculating a statistical constant related to the association of profiles to set top boxes (see detailed explanation below) and performing rounding steps. A quantization procedure may be performed at various steps of the learning and identification process.
  • The identification of lists of profiles associated with each set top box in the network may be performed by, for example, but not limited to, combining the association rule between unresolved profiles to set top boxes and the association rule between resolved and unresolved profiles to create an association rule associating lists of resolved profiles to set top boxes. For example, the association rules may be matrices of parameters and the application of the association rules may be performed, by using matrix multiplication.
  • The output of the identification functionality (arrow 8) is the identification of which profile(s) uses each of the set top boxes in the network. In other words, the output is an identification of at least one profile associated with each set top box in the network.
  • The profiles description, set top box signatures, and profiles associated with each set top box (arrows 9) are fed to analyzer functionality of the management application 50, the output of which is an estimation of identification quality and error estimation (arrow 11). Specifically, the analyzer is a self-assessment tool of the management application. The analysis in the case of unsupervised learning is performed with respect to the profiles definition input. The output of the analyzer may be, for example, the quality of the ability of the system to classify the profiles into groups according to the given profile definition, ranking the quality of the input data in view of desired output versus the actual output, and error estimation regarding the accuracy of the identification process.
  • The estimated errors may be, for example, the expected deviation from the actual situation, and false positive and false negative identification rates. Moreover, correlations between the different profiles groups may be calculated, thereby providing information regarding identification possibilities of certain profiles with respect to their correlations with other profiles. This may be done, for example, by performing comparison of results with known statistics, or by comparing results obtained for all of the network with results obtained from a well representing subgroup of the network.
  • The identified profiles associated with a set top box are fed as an input, together with the set top box signatures (either the same ones used for the learning and identification functionalities, or others, such as time signatures or high-resolution time signatures) and additional set top box data, if required, to post processor functionality of the management application 50 (arrows 12). The post processing functionality computes various data, such as: regional targeted rating (RTR), content to profile assignment (C2P), total viewership and viewership flow. A description of these functionalities was presented above. Note that the computation of the functionalities of the post processor may remain the same for data (associating lists of profiles to set top boxes) obtained via supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or an external source.
  • Reporting functionality of the management application 50 uses the computed data to produce business and other reports (arrow 13). As with the supervised scenario, the association process, also referred to as the learning and identification process, is divided into multiple steps. The steps in the association process include data collection, modeling, learning, profiles determination, identification, analysis, and post processing. Of the multiple steps, usually the data collection, modeling, analysis and post processing remain the same for both the supervised and unsupervised processes. The main difference in the supervised and unsupervised processes is in the learning step, which may also include a profile determination step, and which may inflict some differences in the identification steps. Note that the steps of learning, profile determination, and identification are sometimes called here for short, “unsupervised learning”. The unsupervised learning process is further defined herein below.
  • Learning
  • For unsupervised learning, each set top box signature is learned to be associated with a certain list of unresolved profiles defined solely using the set top box signatures. Examples of such set top box signatures include, but are not limited to, viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures. It should be noted that the main difference from the supervised learning process is that no sample is provided in this case. An unsupervised learning algorithm receives the set top box signatures only as an input, resulting in a classification of profiles into, for example, a certain type of psychographic (for example, behavioral) or demographic profile groups. After the first step (unless the steps of learning and profile resolving are combined) the resulting learned profiles are usually yet unresolved, meaning that their nature is yet to be resolved.
  • Examples of unsupervised learning algorithms include, but are not limited to, least squares algorithms and algorithms that provide minimization via steepest decent. Other outputs from the learning algorithms include an association of profiles to set top boxes and obtaining a targeted rating of the defined profiles at the same time, thereby providing a probability that a profile is associated with a set top box.
  • The following is provided as an example of an unsupervised learning algorithm. An input to the unsupervised learning process is the collection of set top box signatures, which is the output of the data modeling process. Assume as an example that these are viewing signatures (although these might be time signatures, etc.), where we denote their parametrical representation by a matrix C. For example, each row of the matrix C may refer to one set top box, and each column of the matrix C may refer to, for example, but not limited to, one program, where the entries of matrix C may be, for example, the portions of the programs that each set top box watched, or, for example, the probabilities with which each of the set top boxes represented in matrix C watched each of the programs represented in matrix C. Let us denote by a matrix A the collection of probabilities, representing viewer profiles association to the set top boxes, where the entries of the matrix A are the probabilities of each of the viewer profiles to be associated with each of the set top boxes. Note that the viewer profiles might be yet unresolved viewer profiles at this stage. Let us denote by the matrix B, targeted rating values. Both A and B are unknown in the case of unsupervised learning. To obtain the desired outputs A and B, we use, for example, but not limited to, the following method. We minimize the squared norm of the difference (AB−C) (see equation three), to obtain the approximation of the matrix C as the product AB. For this, we are using, for example, but not limited to, a convex optimization algorithm (or, for example, some other nonlinear minimization algorithm) under various constrains, such as, but not limited to, that each quantity in A is greater than zero and smaller than one, and each quantity in B is greater than zero and smaller than, for example, 0.5. The following description further describes this process.
  • Following this example, to determine a possible algorithm for achieving the minimization of the squared norm of the matrix (AB−C), (see equation three), considered above, it is assumed that the population consists of viewers that can be divided into several groups of different profiles, where each viewer may belong to one or more group of viewers profiles. Each such group of profiles is associated, for example, with a behavior pattern in terms of watching habits, where the pattern consists of, for example, but not limited to, the viewing signatures and the targeted rating per content and per each profile, where the targeted rating for the profile is the probability of a viewer of this profile watching each program, or some other definition of content.
  • Since usually the number of all possible profile groups is low compared to the number of programs and set top boxes in the network, one is actually looking for a low rank approximation of the matrix C, the term low rank (of matrices A and B) refers in this case to the fact that the number of different profile groups is smaller than the dimensions of C, representing for example the number of programs and the number of set top boxes in the network, where due to this low rank the matrices A and B may be obtained using this approximation. One approach to obtaining a low rank approximation of the matrix C is to search for the matrices A and B that minimize the squared norm of the matrix (AB−C). This can be done using, for example, a convex optimization method on the quantity of equation three, which reads:
  • n = AB - C 2 = i , j ( k A ik B kj - C ij ) 2 = Trace ( ( AB - C ) T ( AB - C ) ) ( Eq . 3 )
  • where n denotes the squared norm of (AB−C), and trace is a known operation on a matrix providing the sum of the diagonal. In order to minimize this efficiently, one may use the derivatives of equation three, described in equations four and five, each of which read as follows:
  • n A ab = 2 i , j ( A ai B ij - C aj ) B bj n A = 2 ( AB - C ) B T ( Eq . 4 )
  • and correspondingly,
  • n B = 2 A T ( AB - C ) ( Eq . 5 )
  • The second derivatives may also be calculated in order to perform this minimization and they are given by the combination of equations six, seven, and eight below:
  • 2 n A ab A c d = 2 δ a c ( BB T ) bd ( Eq . 6 ) 2 n B ab B c d = 2 δ bd ( A T A ) a c ( Eq . 7 ) 2 n A ab B c d = 2 A a c B bd + 2 δ bc ( AB - C ) ad ( Eq . 8 )
  • Using any standard convex optimization technique and the derivatives above with the (convex) constraints 0≦Aij, Bij≦1, a solution of the optimization problem may be found, where the joint dimension of the matrices A and B is chosen as the desired, or expected, number of profiles.
  • The matrix A is to be understood as the set of probabilities of association of each of the profiles per each of the set top boxes and the matrix B is the targeted rating matrix. Since the matrix A is expected to contain binary quantities (either a profile exists in a household or not), and since the optimal solution is defined up to a multiplicative constant for each profile, it is desirable to find a good quantization criterion for A.
  • Instead of the above-described example, for the unsupervised learning algorithm, one may consider the slightly more complex example described below. Moreover, these alternative ways may be used to address specific different cases and the present invention is not limited to these examples. An example of an alternative way is, instead of minimizing the squared norm of the matrix (A−C), minimizing the squared norm of (B−(A+)C), denoted herein by m:

  • m=∥B−(A +)C2   (Eq. 9)
  • In addition, it is also possible to minimize the squared norm of (A−C(B+)), denoted by v:

  • v=∥A−C(N +)∥2,   (Eq. 10)
  • where A+ denotes the pseudo-inverse of the matrix A, and B+ denotes the pseudo-inverse of the matrix B. For example, the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse may be used. This enables a reduction of the dimensionality of the problem as the dimensions of the later matrices are usually much smaller than of the matrix (AB−C). Further, this approach creates a sharper distinction between the probabilities in A (desired to be binary) and of B (usually small probabilities representing targeted rating) in the minimization process. The pseudo-inverse of a matrix is unique in mathematical terms, hence minimizing equations nine or ten is well defined. In the case of minimizing, for example, the quantity m, one would need to use the derivatives
  • m A
  • and
  • m B ,
  • which involves calculating derivatives of the form
  • A + A ab ,
  • where:
  • A ij + A ab = ( A + A + T ) ib δ ja - A ia + A bj + - ( A + A + T ) ib ( A + T A T ) aj ( Eq . 11 )
  • The result of applying the derivative in equation eleven to obtain the derivatives
  • m A ,
  • and
  • m B ,
  • so as the second derivatives, of the quantity m, results in slightly longer expressions than the derivatives presented above, in equations 4-8, but similar in nature.
  • Moreover, instead of using convex minimization routines, we may use various nonlinear minimizations with slightly altered constrains to minimize the squared norms of the differences above.
  • An initial guess, for example, but not limited to, a random guess, is given to the algorithm for any of the probabilistic quantities in A and B. Additional constrains may be given to the algorithm to increase its accuracy. Of course, other optimization (or learning) algorithms may be used. The output is a set of probabilities, A, associating groups of profiles to the set top boxes, which later may be quantized and/or resolved (using, when needed a profile resolving procedure and quantization), and a set of probabilities, B, providing the targeted rating for each (for example) program and each profile (also to be used in the profile resolving scheme when needed). It should be noted that the targeted rating may be re-calculated during the post-processing to increase the accuracy.
  • It should be noted that the abovementioned examples, equations, and functionalities are based upon the general premise that matrix C can be approximated by matrix A multiplied by matrix B. Of course, further examples for achieving such approximation may be provided and such examples are intended to be included within the present invention.
  • Quantization
  • The quantization step is typically, but not necessarily, to be used after the learning and profile determination stage, in the identification functionality, or a few times during the steps of learning, profile determination, and identification.
  • One approach to finding the quantizing constants (a set of constants that each of the probabilities relating each of the found profiles to set top boxes should be divided by to determine whether a certain profile should indeed be associated with a certain set top box or not) is to assume that A is approximately a binary matrix with a constant multiplicative factor per column, si (1≦i≦number of profile groups), or in other words, assume that each of the i profile groups has its own quantization constant. Since the entries are supposed to be binary quantities, one expects the following from calculating the mean and variance using the binomial distribution, as shown by equations 12 and 13.

  • ΕaAai=siNp   (Eq. 12)

  • Εa A ai 2 /N−a A ai)2 /N 2 32 s i 2 pq   (Eq. 13)
  • where N is the number of set top boxes in the network, p is the probability that a profile is associated to a set top box, and q=1−p. Solving equation twelve and equation thirteen for si, dividing Aai/si and rounding to a pre-defined threshold, leads to an association rule, associating each of the profiles (resolved or yet unresolved) to each of the set top boxes.
  • Profile Determination
  • Profile determination, or resolving, is a process that defines the nature of identified profiles. During profile resolving, profiles definition, for example from a single source research results, such as, but not limited to, viewing habits and behavior, may be used as inputs. In addition, the profile list and targeted rating of defined profiles may be used as inputs. The inputs are provided to a resolving algorithm resulting in profile descriptions that describe each profile in the list.
  • The single source research addresses a focus group that answers a questionnaire. There are two groups of questions in this questionnaire, namely, a first group and a second group. The first group refers to identity of a person, examples including behavior (i.e., purchasing behavior, rest and relaxation preferences, etc) and demographic profile of the answering person. The second group refers to media consumption, for example, about the time a person would watch television each day of the week and his preferred shows.
  • The single source research associates the media consumption habits with other habits, such as, but not limited to, purchasing habits and preferred vacation habits. The output of the single source research is a set of profiles and their habits, while each profile is associated with its media consumption habits. The resolving algorithm finds the best correlation between two sets of data, namely, for example, the media consumption habits of the focus group; and, for example, the targeted rating of the defined profiles (the output of the unsupervised learning algorithm). Therefore, the resolving algorithm has the capability of defining the traits of the learned profile in the unsupervised algorithm.
  • In accordance with the present invention, after the learning and identification are performed, the management application 50 knows online, or offline, the current psychographic or demographic profiles that are consuming content for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures. The information regarding the current demographic/psychographic profiles that are consuming content for set top boxes within the network for which sufficient input was received, may be the basis for personalized advertisements deployment in accordance with the present invention.
  • It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments of the invention without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the invention. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.

Claims (25)

1. A method of providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which of one or more viewer profiles are associated with which one or more set top boxes within the network;
obtaining a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and
processing the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of profiles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set top box signatures are selected from the group consisting of viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations are mathematical operations.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first input set is received from an external source.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first input set is derived by performing a learning step and an identification step, the learning step comprising using set top box signatures with a list of set top boxes and viewer profiles to provide knowledge of how to associate at least one viewer profile to a set top box of the list of set top boxes within the network, and the identification step comprising recognizing a list of viewer profiles as being associated with a set top box, of the list of set top boxes, based on results of the learning step.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the learning step further comprises the steps of:
receiving a zapping log and a broadcast schedule, wherein the zapping log includes records of set top box zapping signatures for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network;
deriving set top box signatures from the zapping log and broadcast schedule;
clustering viewer profiles into groups of viewer profiles using the set top box signatures; and
associating at least one set top box within the network with at least one viewer profile.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein an optimization algorithm is used to perform the step of clustering.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the learning step further comprises the steps of:
receiving a data sample, wherein the data sample provides an association of viewer profiles to a sample of the set top boxes within the network, wherein a sample of the set top boxes includes one or more of the set top boxes within the network;
receiving a zapping log and a broadcast schedule, wherein the zapping log includes records of set top box zapping signatures for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network;
deriving set top box signatures from the zapping log and broadcast schedule;
using the set top box signatures with the sample of the set top boxes to derive an association rule of viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network; and
applying the association rule to the set top box signatures to determine a subset of viewer profiles of the viewer profiles associated with a specific set top box of the set top boxes within the network.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations involving data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes and targeted rating comprises providing a relationship between a set A, a set B, and a set C, where the set C is derived by associating set A to set B, where A represents a set of parameters representing the association of at least one viewer profile to at least one set top box, B represents an aggregation of targeted rating values of each of the viewer profiles per each content watched by at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures, and C is an aggregation of the set top box signatures.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the operations involving data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes and targeted rating comprises providing a relationship between a matrix A, a matrix B, and a matrix C, where matrix A multiplied by matrix B approximates matrix C, where A represents a set of parameters representing the association of at least one viewer profile to set top boxes, B represents an aggregation of targeted rating values of each of the viewer profiles per each content watched by at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures, and C is an aggregation of the set top box signatures.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set top box signatures comprise at least one signature for each set top box in the network.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein if the network covers more than one region and information on the regions in which different set top boxes in the network reside is available, the method further comprises the step of calculating a regional targeted rating.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed broadcast schedule containing content that the set top box is capable of receiving
14. A system for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences of a network, wherein the system comprises a head end having a computer and means for communicating therein, wherein the computer has a management application stored therein, and wherein the management application further comprises:
logic configured to obtain a first input set, wherein the first input set contains data showing which viewer profiles are associated with which set top boxes within the network, wherein the data may also include an association between a single viewer profile and a single set top box within the network;
logic configured to obtain a second input set containing data of at least one set top box signature, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed zapping log containing information summarizing viewing habits of at least one set top box within the network; and
logic configured to process the first input set and the second input set assuming that the second input set can be derived by operations, wherein the operations involve data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network and to the targeted rating of the profiles.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the set top box signatures are selected from the group consisting of viewing signatures, time signatures, high-resolution time signatures, and zapping frequency signatures.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations are mathematical operations.
17. The system of claim 14, wherein the first input set is received from an external source.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the first input set is derived by performing a learning step and an identification step, the learning step comprising using set top box signatures with a list of set top boxes and viewer profiles to provide knowledge of how to associate at least one viewer profile to a set top box of the list of set top boxes within the network, and the identification step comprising recognizing a list of viewer profiles as being associated with a set top box, of the list of set top boxes, based on results of the learning step.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the learning step further comprises the steps of:
receiving a zapping log and a broadcast schedule, wherein the zapping log includes records of set top box zapping signatures for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network;
deriving set top box signatures from the zapping log and broadcast schedule;
clustering viewer profiles into groups of viewer profiles using the set top box signatures; and
associating at least one set top box within the network with at least one viewer profile.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein an optimization algorithm is used to perform the step of clustering.
21. The system of claim 18, wherein the learning step further comprises the steps of:
receiving a data sample, wherein the data sample provides an association of viewer profiles to a sample of the set top boxes within the network, wherein a sample of the set top boxes includes one or more of the set top boxes within the network;
receiving a zapping log and a broadcast schedule, wherein the zapping log includes records of set top box zapping signatures for at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network;
deriving set top box signatures from the zapping log and broadcast schedule;
using the set top box signatures with the sample of the set top boxes to derive an association rule of viewer profiles to set top boxes within the network; and
applying the association rule to the set top box signatures to determine a subset of viewer profiles of the viewer profiles associated with a specific set top box of the set top boxes within the network.
22. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations involving data associating the viewer profiles to set top boxes and targeted rating comprises providing a relationship between a set A, a set B, and a set C, where the set C is derived by associating set A to set B, where A represents a set of parameters representing the association of at least one viewer profile to set top boxes, B represents an aggregation of targeted rating values of each of the viewer profiles per each content watched by at least a portion of the set top boxes of the network for which the zapping log contains records of set top box zapping signatures, and C is an aggregation of the set top box signatures.
23. The system of claim 14, wherein the set top box signatures comprise at least one signature for each set top box in the network.
24. The system of claim 14, wherein if the network covers more than one region and information on the regions in which different set top boxes in the network reside is available, the method further comprises the step of calculating a regional targeted rating.
25. The system of claim 14, wherein the data of the at least one set top box signature further comprises a processed broadcast schedule containing content that the set top box is capable of receiving.
US12/194,236 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences Abandoned US20090055860A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/194,236 US20090055860A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US95672807P 2007-08-20 2007-08-20
US12/194,236 US20090055860A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090055860A1 true US20090055860A1 (en) 2009-02-26

Family

ID=40378757

Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/054,937 Expired - Fee Related US8930989B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-03-25 System and method for providing supervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US12/185,370 Abandoned US20090055859A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-04 System and method for providing unsupervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US12/194,236 Abandoned US20090055860A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences
US12/194,428 Abandoned US20090055861A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for associating content to at least one viewer profile in video audiences
US12/195,310 Abandoned US20090055268A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 System and method for auctioning targeted advertisement placement for video audiences
US12/195,259 Abandoned US20090055862A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 System and method for providing real time targeted rating to enable content placement for video audiences

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/054,937 Expired - Fee Related US8930989B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-03-25 System and method for providing supervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US12/185,370 Abandoned US20090055859A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-04 System and method for providing unsupervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/194,428 Abandoned US20090055861A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-19 System and method for associating content to at least one viewer profile in video audiences
US12/195,310 Abandoned US20090055268A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 System and method for auctioning targeted advertisement placement for video audiences
US12/195,259 Abandoned US20090055862A1 (en) 2007-08-20 2008-08-20 System and method for providing real time targeted rating to enable content placement for video audiences

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (6) US8930989B2 (en)
RU (1) RU2010110576A (en)
WO (4) WO2009024874A2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090055861A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for associating content to at least one viewer profile in video audiences
US20100268576A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and method for sending data to end user data delivery vehicles
US9027045B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2015-05-05 Adobe Systems Incorporated Consumption likelihood of linear content streams

Families Citing this family (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW200704183A (en) * 2005-01-27 2007-01-16 Matrix Tv Dynamic mosaic extended electronic programming guide for television program selection and display
US8875196B2 (en) * 2005-08-13 2014-10-28 Webtuner Corp. System for network and local content access
US11887175B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2024-01-30 Cpl Assets, Llc Automatically determining a personalized set of programs or products including an interactive graphical user interface
US7861260B2 (en) * 2007-04-17 2010-12-28 Almondnet, Inc. Targeted television advertisements based on online behavior
US8566164B2 (en) * 2007-12-31 2013-10-22 Intent IQ, LLC Targeted online advertisements based on viewing or interacting with television advertisements
US8249943B2 (en) * 2007-05-31 2012-08-21 Facebook, Inc. Auction based polling
US8335717B2 (en) * 2008-04-18 2012-12-18 City University Of Hong Kong Profit opportunities across sponsored keyword auction markets
US7996267B2 (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-08-09 Qi Qi Utilizing a forward looking Nash equilibrium in an ad-words auction
US8051444B2 (en) 2008-06-02 2011-11-01 Intent IQ, LLC Targeted television advertisements selected on the basis of an online user profile and presented with television programs or channels related to that profile
US9083853B2 (en) * 2008-06-02 2015-07-14 Intent IQ, LLC Targeted television advertisements associated with online users' preferred television programs or channels
US9515754B2 (en) * 2008-08-12 2016-12-06 Iheartmedia Management Services, Inc. Measuring audience reaction
US8756619B2 (en) * 2008-12-08 2014-06-17 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Cluster analysis of viewer tendencies
US9369516B2 (en) 2009-01-13 2016-06-14 Viasat, Inc. Deltacasting
US20100191689A1 (en) * 2009-01-27 2010-07-29 Google Inc. Video content analysis for automatic demographics recognition of users and videos
WO2010104927A2 (en) 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Viasat, Inc. Internet protocol broadcasting
US20100235266A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Google Inc. Determining Charge for Content Distribution
US20120054237A1 (en) * 2009-04-22 2012-03-01 Nds Limited Audience measurement system
GB2473261A (en) 2009-09-08 2011-03-09 Nds Ltd Media content viewing estimation with attribution of content viewing time in absence of user interaction
US8516253B1 (en) 2010-01-18 2013-08-20 Viasat, Inc. Self-keyed protection of anticipatory content
US8566166B1 (en) 2010-01-25 2013-10-22 Pricegrabber.Com, Inc. Rule-based bidding platform
US8984048B1 (en) 2010-04-18 2015-03-17 Viasat, Inc. Selective prefetch scanning
WO2011163060A2 (en) 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Managed Audience Share Solutions LLC Methods, systems, and computer program products for managing organized binary advertising asset markets
US8997138B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2015-03-31 Intent IQ, LLC Correlating online behavior with presumed viewing of television advertisements
US8924993B1 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-12-30 Google Inc. Video content analysis for automatic demographics recognition of users and videos
US9990651B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2018-06-05 Amobee, Inc. Method and apparatus for selective delivery of ads based on factors including site clustering
US8453173B1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2013-05-28 Google Inc. Estimating demographic compositions of television audiences from audience similarities
WO2012138859A1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Webtuner Corporation System and method for delivering targeted advertisement messages
US9106607B1 (en) 2011-04-11 2015-08-11 Viasat, Inc. Browser based feedback for optimized web browsing
US9912718B1 (en) 2011-04-11 2018-03-06 Viasat, Inc. Progressive prefetching
US9037638B1 (en) 2011-04-11 2015-05-19 Viasat, Inc. Assisted browsing using hinting functionality
US9456050B1 (en) 2011-04-11 2016-09-27 Viasat, Inc. Browser optimization through user history analysis
WO2012158904A1 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-11-22 Webtuner Corporation System and method for scalable, high accuracy, sensor and id based audience measurement system
CA2837198A1 (en) 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Webtuner Corp. System and method to increase efficiency and speed of analytics report generation in audience measurement systems
WO2012162693A1 (en) 2011-05-26 2012-11-29 WebTuner, Corporation Highly scalable audience measurement system with client event pre-processing
US8897302B2 (en) 2011-06-14 2014-11-25 Viasat, Inc. Transport protocol for anticipatory content
KR101903752B1 (en) 2011-08-31 2018-10-04 구글 엘엘씨 Method and system for collecting and managing tv viewership data
CN103891299B (en) 2011-08-31 2017-05-24 谷歌公司 Method and system for providing efficient and accurate estimates of tv viewership ratings
JP2013057918A (en) 2011-09-09 2013-03-28 Shigeto Umeda System for displaying and bidding for variable-length advertisement
US9407355B1 (en) 2011-10-25 2016-08-02 Viasat Inc. Opportunistic content delivery using delta coding
CN102447737A (en) * 2011-11-18 2012-05-09 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 Service push method based on cloud platform
US8442859B1 (en) 2011-12-23 2013-05-14 Managed Audience Share Solutions LLC Methods, systems, and computer program products for optimizing liquidity and price discovery in advertising markets
US8432808B1 (en) 2012-06-15 2013-04-30 Viasat Inc. Opportunistically delayed delivery in a satellite network
US10757475B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2020-08-25 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc System and method for utilizing set-top box testing in television distribution network
US9147198B2 (en) * 2013-01-10 2015-09-29 Rovi Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for providing an interface for data driven media placement
US20140279011A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Uber Technologies, Inc. Generating promotions for a service using a map interface
WO2014200472A1 (en) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Thomson Licensing Privacy-preserving recommendation system
EP2869644B1 (en) * 2013-10-31 2017-12-27 Alcatel Lucent A communications system, an access network node and a method of optimising energy consumed in a communication network
CN104754021B (en) * 2013-12-31 2018-04-13 伊姆西公司 Apparatus and method for promoting the access to the data in distributed memory system
US9277265B2 (en) 2014-02-11 2016-03-01 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to calculate video-on-demand and dynamically inserted advertisement viewing probability
US10855797B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2020-12-01 Viasat, Inc. Server-machine-driven hint generation for improved web page loading using client-machine-driven feedback
US11386454B1 (en) 2014-08-29 2022-07-12 Cpl Assets, Llc Systems, methods, and devices for optimizing advertisement placement
US10552873B2 (en) * 2014-11-14 2020-02-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting frequency division multiplexed targeted in-store advertisements
US9633262B2 (en) 2014-11-21 2017-04-25 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Content interruption point identification accuracy and efficiency
US10169488B2 (en) * 2015-02-20 2019-01-01 Google Llc Methods, systems, and media for providing search suggestions based on content ratings of search results
US10219039B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2019-02-26 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to assign viewers to media meter data
US10672027B1 (en) 2015-03-10 2020-06-02 Cpl Assets, Llc Systems, methods, and devices for determining predicted enrollment rate and imputed revenue for inquiries associated with online advertisements
EP3125564A1 (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-01 Palantir Technologies, Inc. Computer-based optimized insertion of non-program media items in media programs
EP3859567A1 (en) 2015-10-20 2021-08-04 ViaSat Inc. Hint model updating using automated browsing clusters
US10390102B2 (en) 2015-10-21 2019-08-20 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for selecting commercial advertisements
US9781457B1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-03 Google Inc. Methods, systems, and media for indicating viewership of a video based on context
US10552870B1 (en) 2016-06-30 2020-02-04 Quantcast Corporation Privacy-safe frequency distribution of geo-features for mobile devices
US10791355B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2020-09-29 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to determine probabilistic media viewing metrics
US10469903B2 (en) * 2017-02-09 2019-11-05 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to correct misattributions of media impressions
CA3206252A1 (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-21 Rovi Guides, Inc. Systems and methods for managing user subscriptions to content sources
CN110324633A (en) * 2018-03-28 2019-10-11 北京视联动力国际信息技术有限公司 A kind of data processing method and device of view networking
CN109496305B (en) * 2018-08-01 2022-05-13 东莞理工学院 Social network public opinion evolution method
AU2019355141A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2021-05-13 Invidi Technologies Corporation Mediahub for controlling and monitoring the distribution of targeted assets
US20230007330A1 (en) * 2018-10-05 2023-01-05 Invidi Technologies Corporation Mediahub for controlling and monitoring the distribution of targeted assets
US20220188868A1 (en) * 2020-12-11 2022-06-16 Sk Planet Co., Ltd. Advertisement service device and method for operating same
US11683700B2 (en) 2020-12-14 2023-06-20 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Digital signatures for small cells of telecommunications networks
US20230032959A1 (en) * 2021-08-02 2023-02-02 Rovi Guides, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting a number of viewers

Citations (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5661516A (en) * 1994-09-08 1997-08-26 Carles; John B. System and method for selectively distributing commercial messages over a communications network
US6216129B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2001-04-10 Expanse Networks, Inc. Advertisement selection system supporting discretionary target market characteristics
US6324519B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2001-11-27 Expanse Networks, Inc. Advertisement auction system
US20020104083A1 (en) * 1992-12-09 2002-08-01 Hendricks John S. Internally targeted advertisements using television delivery systems
US20020129368A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-09-12 Schlack John A. Profiling and identification of television viewers
US6457010B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2002-09-24 Expanse Networks, Inc. Client-server based subscriber characterization system
US20030004966A1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2003-01-02 International Business Machines Corporation Business method and apparatus for employing induced multimedia classifiers based on unified representation of features reflecting disparate modalities
US20030055759A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-03-20 Erinmedia, Inc. System and methods for creating and evaluating content and predicting responses to content
US20030093792A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2003-05-15 Labeeb Ismail K. Method and apparatus for delivery of television programs and targeted de-coupled advertising
US20030115597A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Micro-auction on television for the selection of commercials
US20030145323A1 (en) * 1992-12-09 2003-07-31 Hendricks John S. Targeted advertisement using television viewer information
US20030172374A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-09-11 Erinmedia, Llc Content reaction display
US6684194B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2004-01-27 Expanse Network, Inc. Subscriber identification system
US20040078809A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2004-04-22 Jonathan Drazin Targeted advertising system
US20040163101A1 (en) * 1997-01-06 2004-08-19 Swix Scott R. Method and system for providing targeted advertisements
US20040230546A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2004-11-18 Rogers Russell A. Personalization engine for rules and knowledge
US20050137958A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-23 Thomas Huber Advertising methods for advertising time slots and embedded objects
US20070033105A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-08 Yahoo! Inc. Architecture for distribution of advertising content and change propagation
US20070038516A1 (en) * 2005-08-13 2007-02-15 Jeff Apple Systems, methods, and computer program products for enabling an advertiser to measure user viewing of and response to an advertisement
US20070053513A1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2007-03-08 Hoffberg Steven M Intelligent electronic appliance system and method
US20070064943A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-22 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20070078849A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-04-05 Slothouber Louis P System and method for recommending items of interest to a user
US20070136753A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 United Video Properties, Inc. Cross-platform predictive popularity ratings for use in interactive television applications
US7236341B1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-06-26 Lightning Eliminators & Consultants, Inc. Lightning termination preventer
US20070162342A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-07-12 Steven Klopf Digital advertising system
US20070186243A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, Lp System and method of providing television program recommendations
US20070220575A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-20 Verimatrix, Inc. Movie studio-based network distribution system and method
US20070240181A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2007-10-11 Prime Research Alliance E, Inc. Subscriber Characterization System with Filters
US20070271145A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2007-11-22 Vest Herb D Consolidated System for Managing Internet Ads
US20070288953A1 (en) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-13 Sheeman Patrick M System and method for auctioning avails
US20080046924A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-21 Tandberg Television Inc. System and methods for competitive dynamic selection of digital advertising assets in a video distribution system
US20080077951A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-27 Erinmedia, Llc Television ratings based on consumer-owned data
US20080092159A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 Google Inc. Targeted video advertising
US20080109849A1 (en) * 2006-11-07 2008-05-08 Yeqing Wang Viewer Profiles for Configuring Set Top Terminals
US20080244665A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-02 At&T Knowledge Ventures, Lp System and method of providing video content
US20080271070A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Navic Systems, Inc. Negotiated access to promotional insertion opportunity
US20080319840A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-25 Utstarcom, Inc. Method and apparatus for real-time tv advertisement auction in a tv-over-ip environment
US20090055862A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for providing real time targeted rating to enable content placement for video audiences
US20100191600A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2010-07-29 Gil Sideman System and method for targeted auctioning of available slots in a delivery network

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2352302A1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2000-06-08 Index Systems, Inc. Smart agent based on habit, statistical inference and psycho-demographic profiling
US7757250B1 (en) * 2001-04-04 2010-07-13 Microsoft Corporation Time-centric training, inference and user interface for personalized media program guides
US20050135535A1 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-06-23 Neutron Sciences, Inc. Neutron detector using neutron absorbing scintillating particulates in plastic
US8054849B2 (en) * 2005-05-27 2011-11-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and method of managing video content streams
ES2660551T3 (en) * 2006-05-01 2018-03-22 Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compositions and methods to treat or prevent colon cancer

Patent Citations (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030145323A1 (en) * 1992-12-09 2003-07-31 Hendricks John S. Targeted advertisement using television viewer information
US20020104083A1 (en) * 1992-12-09 2002-08-01 Hendricks John S. Internally targeted advertisements using television delivery systems
US5661516A (en) * 1994-09-08 1997-08-26 Carles; John B. System and method for selectively distributing commercial messages over a communications network
US20070064943A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-22 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20040163101A1 (en) * 1997-01-06 2004-08-19 Swix Scott R. Method and system for providing targeted advertisements
US6216129B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2001-04-10 Expanse Networks, Inc. Advertisement selection system supporting discretionary target market characteristics
US20070240181A1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2007-10-11 Prime Research Alliance E, Inc. Subscriber Characterization System with Filters
US6457010B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2002-09-24 Expanse Networks, Inc. Client-server based subscriber characterization system
US6684194B1 (en) * 1998-12-03 2004-01-27 Expanse Network, Inc. Subscriber identification system
US6324519B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2001-11-27 Expanse Networks, Inc. Advertisement auction system
US20070053513A1 (en) * 1999-10-05 2007-03-08 Hoffberg Steven M Intelligent electronic appliance system and method
US7197472B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2007-03-27 Erinmedia, Llc Market data acquisition system
US20030172374A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-09-11 Erinmedia, Llc Content reaction display
US20030110109A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-06-12 Erinmedia, Inc. Content attribute impact invalidation method
US7302419B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2007-11-27 Erinmedia, Llc Dynamic operator identification system and methods
US7139723B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2006-11-21 Erinmedia, Llc Privacy compliant multiple dataset correlation system
US7146329B2 (en) * 2000-01-13 2006-12-05 Erinmedia, Llc Privacy compliant multiple dataset correlation and content delivery system and methods
US20030055759A1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2003-03-20 Erinmedia, Inc. System and methods for creating and evaluating content and predicting responses to content
US20040230546A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2004-11-18 Rogers Russell A. Personalization engine for rules and knowledge
US20040078809A1 (en) * 2000-05-19 2004-04-22 Jonathan Drazin Targeted advertising system
US20030093792A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2003-05-15 Labeeb Ismail K. Method and apparatus for delivery of television programs and targeted de-coupled advertising
US8046798B1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2011-10-25 Prime Research Alliance E, Inc. Profiling and identification of television viewers
US20020129368A1 (en) * 2001-01-11 2002-09-12 Schlack John A. Profiling and identification of television viewers
US20030004966A1 (en) * 2001-06-18 2003-01-02 International Business Machines Corporation Business method and apparatus for employing induced multimedia classifiers based on unified representation of features reflecting disparate modalities
US20030115597A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Micro-auction on television for the selection of commercials
US20050137958A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-23 Thomas Huber Advertising methods for advertising time slots and embedded objects
US20070271145A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2007-11-22 Vest Herb D Consolidated System for Managing Internet Ads
US20070162342A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2007-07-12 Steven Klopf Digital advertising system
US20070033105A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-08 Yahoo! Inc. Architecture for distribution of advertising content and change propagation
US20070038516A1 (en) * 2005-08-13 2007-02-15 Jeff Apple Systems, methods, and computer program products for enabling an advertiser to measure user viewing of and response to an advertisement
US20070078849A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-04-05 Slothouber Louis P System and method for recommending items of interest to a user
US20070136753A1 (en) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 United Video Properties, Inc. Cross-platform predictive popularity ratings for use in interactive television applications
US20070186243A1 (en) * 2006-02-08 2007-08-09 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, Lp System and method of providing television program recommendations
US20070220575A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-20 Verimatrix, Inc. Movie studio-based network distribution system and method
US7236341B1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-06-26 Lightning Eliminators & Consultants, Inc. Lightning termination preventer
US20070288953A1 (en) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-13 Sheeman Patrick M System and method for auctioning avails
US20080046924A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-21 Tandberg Television Inc. System and methods for competitive dynamic selection of digital advertising assets in a video distribution system
US20100191600A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2010-07-29 Gil Sideman System and method for targeted auctioning of available slots in a delivery network
US20080077951A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-27 Erinmedia, Llc Television ratings based on consumer-owned data
US20080092159A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 Google Inc. Targeted video advertising
US20080109849A1 (en) * 2006-11-07 2008-05-08 Yeqing Wang Viewer Profiles for Configuring Set Top Terminals
US20080244665A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-02 At&T Knowledge Ventures, Lp System and method of providing video content
US20080271070A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Navic Systems, Inc. Negotiated access to promotional insertion opportunity
US20080319840A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-25 Utstarcom, Inc. Method and apparatus for real-time tv advertisement auction in a tv-over-ip environment
US20090055861A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for associating content to at least one viewer profile in video audiences
US20090055858A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage System and method for providing supervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US20090055268A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for auctioning targeted advertisement placement for video audiences
US20090055859A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage System and method for providing unsupervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US20090055862A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for providing real time targeted rating to enable content placement for video audiences

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090055861A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage, Ltd. System and method for associating content to at least one viewer profile in video audiences
US20090055859A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage System and method for providing unsupervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US20090055858A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Ads-Vantage System and method for providing supervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US8930989B2 (en) 2007-08-20 2015-01-06 AdsVantage System and method for providing supervised learning to associate profiles in video audiences
US20100268576A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-10-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and method for sending data to end user data delivery vehicles
US10074095B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2018-09-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and method for sending data to end user data delivery vehicles
US11580563B2 (en) 2009-04-17 2023-02-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and method for sending data to end user data delivery vehicles
US9027045B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2015-05-05 Adobe Systems Incorporated Consumption likelihood of linear content streams
US9300997B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2016-03-29 Adobe Systems Incorporated Consumption likelihood of linear content streams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090055861A1 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2009024874A2 (en) 2009-02-26
US20090055268A1 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2009024874A3 (en) 2009-12-30
WO2009031050A2 (en) 2009-03-12
WO2009040673A2 (en) 2009-04-02
US20090055859A1 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2009024873A3 (en) 2009-12-30
WO2009024873A2 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2009031050A3 (en) 2009-12-30
US20090055862A1 (en) 2009-02-26
US8930989B2 (en) 2015-01-06
RU2010110576A (en) 2011-09-27
US20090055858A1 (en) 2009-02-26
WO2009040673A3 (en) 2009-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20090055860A1 (en) System and method for providing targeted rating of profiles in video audiences
US11122316B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for targeted secondary content insertion
US10405057B2 (en) Systems and methods for a television scoring service that learns to reach a target audience
US11770569B2 (en) Providing risk based subscriber enhancements
US9178634B2 (en) Methods and apparatus for evaluating an audience in a content-based network
EP2332111B2 (en) Third party data matching for targeted advertising
US7739140B2 (en) Content reaction display
US8069076B2 (en) Generating audience analytics
US20150058884A1 (en) Targeting ads to subscribers based on privacy protected subscriber profiles
US20150189396A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for classifying an audience in a content distribution network
JP2012533109A (en) Method and mechanism for analyzing multimedia content
Fudurić et al. Understanding the drivers of cable TV cord shaving with big data
WO2001065747A1 (en) Advertisment monitoring and feedback system
Jardine et al. Retaining the primetime television audience
WO2002013112A1 (en) Targeting ads to subscribers based on privacy-protected subscriber profiles
US20190347349A1 (en) Using contextual data to recommend relevant content
Kim et al. Target advertisement service using TV viewers’ profile inference
Yan Identifying Online Streaming User Value in the Netflix Recommendation System
US20230091980A1 (en) Analytics in video/audio content distribution networks
Lim et al. Ex-ante Evaluation of the Consumers' Preferences for Internet Protocol Television Services: a Choice Experiment Study: a Choice Experiment Study
Tavakoli et al. Do pay-TV subscribers and non-subscribers have different free-to-air TV viewing patterns?
Álvarez et al. Audience Measurement technologies applied to convergent broadcasting and IPTV networks

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ADS-VANTAGE, LTD., ISRAEL

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KNOLLER, RAVIV;PAKER, ALEX;LITVAK-HINENZON, ANNA;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:021410/0001

Effective date: 20080805

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION