US20090191067A1 - Two chamber pumps and related methods - Google Patents
Two chamber pumps and related methods Download PDFInfo
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- US20090191067A1 US20090191067A1 US12/020,498 US2049808A US2009191067A1 US 20090191067 A1 US20090191067 A1 US 20090191067A1 US 2049808 A US2049808 A US 2049808A US 2009191067 A1 US2009191067 A1 US 2009191067A1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/06—Pumps having fluid drive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
- A61M5/145—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
- A61M5/148—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons flexible, e.g. independent bags
- A61M5/1483—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons flexible, e.g. independent bags using flexible bags externally pressurised by fluid pressure
- A61M5/1486—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons flexible, e.g. independent bags using flexible bags externally pressurised by fluid pressure the bags being substantially completely surrounded by fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16804—Flow controllers
- A61M5/16809—Flow controllers by repeated filling and emptying of an intermediate volume
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16886—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body for measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. flowmeters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/08—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having tubular flexible members
- F04B43/10—Pumps having fluid drive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of pumps, especially those used to accurately dispense medication.
- Two chamber pumps and related methods provide a platform for measuring flow rate in about real time without contacting the material being pumped.
- Pressure and optional temperature sensors disposed in a pressurized chamber allow for fluid delivery calculations after being calibrated or by knowing the initial volume of the fluid to be delivered.
- a device comprising a pressurizable first chamber, a second chamber for holding a fluid, a flow lumen disposed exterior to the first chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber, at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, and a flow controller disposed along the flow lumen.
- a pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a: change of volume of the second chamber.
- a device comprising a pressurizable first chamber, a second chamber for holding a fluid, a flow lumen disposed at least partially exterior to the first chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber, at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, a flow controller disposed along the flow lumen, and a microprocessor to compute at least flow rate of fluid transferred through the flow lumen from the second chamber.
- a pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a change of volume of the second chamber by causing fluid to flow from the second chamber through the flow lumen and the microprocessor controls the flow controller.
- a method comprising providing a pump having: (a) a pressurizable first chamber, (b) a second chamber for holding a fluid, (c) at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, (d) a flow lumen in fluid communication with the second chamber, and (e) a flow controller.
- a pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a change of volume of the second chamber.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure having rigid outer casings
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure, where the outer casing of the pump is a collapsible bag;
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure.
- the term “real time” shall be defined as the instantaneous state or lagging the instantaneous state by the time taken to compute a measurement describing the instantaneous state, provided the measurement computed reasonably approximates the instantaneous state at the beginning of the measurement process and the instantaneous state at the end of the measurement process.
- the present disclosure discloses a pump that is able to measure flow rates or adjust flow rates in about real time.
- the pumps of the present disclosure comprise two chambers with at least a pressure sensor disposed therein to measure pressures in a pressured chamber that drives flow of a fluid from a liquid chamber.
- Flow controllers are disposed as part of the pump to either prevent flow or regulate and ensure consistent flow rate.
- the operation of the pumps of the present disclosure maintain sterile conditions for the fluid flow from the pumps, while allowing for precise measurements for flow volumes without compromising sterility.
- pump 100 comprises first chamber 110 and second chamber 120 .
- First chamber is a chamber that is pressurized such that the pressure in first chamber exceeds the pressure of second chamber. Consequently, when pump 100 is in an open state, flow of fluid contained in second chamber 120 is effected.
- Flow of fluid from second chamber is through flow lumen 130 .
- Flow lumen may be surgical or medical tubing, pipes, and other similar devices designed for the flow of fluids from a source to a destination without appreciable loss of fluid.
- flow controller 140 may be disposed along flow lumen 130 to control flow.
- Control of flow may be an on/off type device, such as a clamp, whereby when flow controller is open flow is effected and when flow controller 140 is closed, flow is prevented.
- Flow controller 140 may also comprise, according to embodiments, a flow restrictor to ensure constant or predictable flow.
- flow controller 140 may comprise a plurality of flow restrictors, clamps, etc.
- Fill device 150 is disposed along flow lumen 130 and facilitates the filling of second chamber 120 with fluid.
- Fill device 150 may comprise a one-way valve, according to embodiments, whereby fluid is flowed through valve and into second chamber 120 .
- Fill device 150 is a luer actuated port, according to embodiments.
- fill valve comprises a device for putting a prefilled second chamber 120 , such as a typical intravenous bag, into first chamber 110 after which first chamber 110 is pressurized.
- first chamber 110 is a chamber that is able to be pressurized.
- first chamber 110 may be made from any suitable rigid material, for example polycarbonate, ABS, or polyethylene.
- first chamber 110 may be made from flexible materials, for example PVC, polyethylene, silicon, polyurethane, or various rubbers.
- first chamber 110 is sealed to prevent leakage of gas contained therein.
- first chamber 110 may have a valve for repressurization or adjustment of pressure, as desired.
- first chamber 110 comprises a bag-like or collapsible device.
- Pressure sensor 115 is disposed in first chamber 100 to measure pressure at predetermined intervals, as well as initial pressure readings to be used to determine flow rate.
- a temperature sensor may also be disposed in first chamber 100 to improve accuracy of flow measurement. Multiple pressure and temperature sensors may be used to more accurately determine pressure and temperature in first chamber 110 .
- Second chamber 120 comprises a collapsible chamber that holds a fluid without appreciable leakage. When flow controller is in a state whereby flow is effected, flow from second chamber is effected by the pressure differential between first chamber 110 and second chamber 120 .
- Second chamber may be made from PVC, polyisoprene, silicon, polyurethane, or other flexible materials.
- second chamber 120 may be defined by a collapsible or movable diaphragm 225 . Rather than collapsing second chamber 120 , the movable or collapsible diaphragm 125 is moved whereby flow is effected.
- the calibration step determines the initial volume of second chamber 120 (V 2i ), which is necessary to determine flow rate, as described below using the ideal gas law.
- the most simple method for the determination of V 2i is to know the volume of fluid put into second chamber 120 . This is accomplished by injecting a known amount of fluid into second chamber 120 via fill device 150 or using a disposable second chamber 120 (i.e., an IV bag) holding a known volume.
- calibration may also be accomplished by calculating, using the ideal gas law, the volume of second chamber 120 from a known starting volume in an empty state. If second chamber 120 occupies a known empty volume, for example using the pump of FIG. 3 , wherein the diaphragm rests at a set position when second chamber 120 is empty, for example 0 ml or 10 ml, then prior to filling of second chamber 120 with a fluid, the pressure and temperature of first chamber are measured. The initial volume of second chamber 120 is then calculated after fluid is put into second chamber 120 using an equation to measure flow rate, which is derived in detail below:
- V 2 ⁇ ⁇ empty P 1 ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ T 1 ⁇ ⁇ f ⁇ ( c - V 2 ⁇ ⁇ filled ) P 1 ⁇ ⁇ f ⁇ T 1 ⁇ ⁇ i ( 1 )
- second chamber 120 has three discrete states: empty, filled, and flowing.
- the empty state defines second chamber when the volume is 0 or a known empty volume.
- the filled state defines the second chamber when it is filled with fluid.
- the flowing state defines a plurality of volumes where
- V 2flowing is representative of the state wherein fluid is being delivered from pump 100 to a patient, for example.
- V 2flowing may also be used for calculations during the filling of second chamber 120 with fluid.
- flow is effected because the pressure of first chamber 110 exceeds the fluid pressure in second chamber 120 . Accordingly, flow rate may be calculated with high precision and in about real time. Prior to determination of flow rate, the filled state of pump 100 must be measured.
- V 1 As fluid flows from V 2 to a delivery target, such as a patient, the volume of V 1 increases proportionally. Consequently, if V 1 is determined in a filled state and V 1 is determined in a flowing state at a time interval after fluid begins to flow from second chamber 120 , the change in volume of V 1 over the time interval t is the flow rate over that time interval.
- ⁇ t is the time interval over which ⁇ V 1 and ⁇ V 2 are measured.
- V 2 volume of second chamber
- V 2 volume of second chamber
- changes in V 2 are measured indirectly from the changing volume of V 1 .
- Measurements of the volume of V 1 are accomplished with pressure sensor and optional temperature sensor.
- PV kT ( 7 )
- PV T k . ( 8 )
- first chamber 110 is sealed, k remains constant throughout the flow of fluid from second chamber 120 . Additionally, pressure sensor and optional temperature sensor disposed in first chamber 110 allows for measurement of P 1filled , P 1flowing , T 1filled , and T 1flowing . Finally, the filled volume (V 2filled ) of second chamber 120 is known, which allows calculation of V 1filled , and therefore calculation of V 1flowing .
- the following equation for first chamber 110 results:
- the filled state comprises the end state at each discrete time interval in which flow rate is measured.
- the filled state of the prior time interval may comprise the filled of the succeeding time interval, and so forth as shown as the alternative to equation (9a).
- ⁇ or ⁇ t may represent the aggregate time from the start of flow of fluid from second chamber 120 to the time being measured or may be indicative of any arbitrary time interval after the start of flow of fluid from second chamber 120 to the time being measured.
- V 1 ⁇ ⁇ flowing P 1 ⁇ ⁇ filled ⁇ V 1 ⁇ ⁇ filled P 1 ⁇ ⁇ flowing . ( 11 )
- V 1filled is unknown and must be calculated from the total volume of pump c and from knowing the filled volume (V 2filled ) of fluid put into second chamber 120 :
- the total amount of volume flowed may be calculated using the equation, based on the proportionality of flow between first chamber 110 and second chamber 120 :
- V 1 ⁇ ⁇ flowing P 1 ⁇ ⁇ filled ⁇ ( c - V 2 ⁇ ⁇ filled ) P 1 ⁇ ⁇ flowing . ( 14 )
- measurements of flow rate are taken at discrete time intervals. These time intervals may range from many measurements per second to measurements taken over the course of minutes, hours, or days, depending on the specific application. Accordingly, measuring flow rate provides about real-time feedback, which may be used to adjust flow rate. By coupling the measurement of flow rate to flow controllers, flow may be closely regulated. For example, if flow controller 140 comprises a clamp, then feedback system may open the clamp when additional flow of fluid is needed and close the clamp when too much flow has occurred. Thus, the combination of a flow controller and the about real-time flow measurement provides a platform to deliver measurably accurate volumes of a fluid.
- first chamber 110 may be made from expandable materials.
- first chamber 110 may be a disposable bag or similar flexible-type container such as an IV-type bag, that tend to expand or contract depending on the pressure within the first chamber.
- first chamber 110 may be a disposable bag or similar flexible-type container such as an IV-type bag, that tend to expand or contract depending on the pressure within the first chamber.
- the above equations must account for the effects expansion or contraction due to change of pressure within first chamber 110 .
- the volume within first chamber 110 will change in a predictable way and visa versa.
- the change in the volume of first chamber 110 is reasonably predictable.
- first chamber 110 is designed and made to have a known volume in this initial state. As pressure increases, the calculated additional volume due to expansion of first chamber 110 may be added to the initial volume to derive an accurate value of V 1 .
- first chamber 110 is decreased and the pressure within first chamber 110 increases.
- first chamber 110 is made from non-rigid materials there will be predictable expansion of the dimensions of first chamber 110 , with increased resulting volume.
- the pressure of first chamber is measured and volume is calculated as described previously, taking into account the incremental volume increase or decrease of first chamber 110 observed due to elasticity of material from which first chamber 110 is made.
- a method for accounting for the change in V 1 due to expansion or contraction of first chamber 110 is to lookup the approximate change in volume of first chamber 110 as pressure within first chamber 110 increases or decreases in a lookup table.
- the lookup table is based upon averaged value for a plurality of the same first chamber 110 having the same dimensional parameters and will provide a reasonably approximate factor to add or subtract to V 1 at a plurality of given measured pressures.
- V 1 E be the supplemental volume of first chamber as first chamber 110 expands or contracts.
- the volume of first chamber 110 plus the volume of second chamber 120 is constant, as expressed in equation (4).
- first chamber 110 is made from expandable materials, however, a factor must be added to c denoting the added or lost volume occurring due to expansion or contraction of the first chamber 110 .
- volume of V 1 may be calculated as:
- V 1 c+V 1 E ⁇ V 2 .
- equation (16) is modified to account for the expanded first chamber 110 :
- V 1 E may be calculated if the modulus of elasticity is known or may be simply recorded as a set of values within a table for quick lookup, especially in situations where a microprocessor is not designed to perform series of complex calculations or where power consumption is an issue.
Abstract
Description
- The present disclosure relates to the field of pumps, especially those used to accurately dispense medication.
- Two chamber pumps and related methods provide a platform for measuring flow rate in about real time without contacting the material being pumped. Pressure and optional temperature sensors disposed in a pressurized chamber allow for fluid delivery calculations after being calibrated or by knowing the initial volume of the fluid to be delivered.
- According to a feature of the present disclosure, a device is disclosed comprising a pressurizable first chamber, a second chamber for holding a fluid, a flow lumen disposed exterior to the first chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber, at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, and a flow controller disposed along the flow lumen. A pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a: change of volume of the second chamber.
- According to a feature of the present disclosure, a device is disclosed comprising a pressurizable first chamber, a second chamber for holding a fluid, a flow lumen disposed at least partially exterior to the first chamber and in fluid communication with the second chamber, at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, a flow controller disposed along the flow lumen, and a microprocessor to compute at least flow rate of fluid transferred through the flow lumen from the second chamber. A pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a change of volume of the second chamber by causing fluid to flow from the second chamber through the flow lumen and the microprocessor controls the flow controller.
- According to a feature of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed comprising providing a pump having: (a) a pressurizable first chamber, (b) a second chamber for holding a fluid, (c) at least one pressure sensor disposed in the first chamber, (d) a flow lumen in fluid communication with the second chamber, and (e) a flow controller. A pressurized substance in the first chamber is able to cause a change of volume of the second chamber.
- The above-mentioned features and objects of the present disclosure will become more apparent with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure having rigid outer casings; -
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure, where the outer casing of the pump is a collapsible bag; and -
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of an embodiment of the pumps of the present disclosure. - In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that, other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical, biological, electrical, functional, and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims. As used in the present disclosure, the term “or” shall be understood to be defined as a logical disjunction and shall not indicate an exclusive disjunction unless expressly indicated as such or notated as “xor.”
- According to the present disclosure, the term “real time” shall be defined as the instantaneous state or lagging the instantaneous state by the time taken to compute a measurement describing the instantaneous state, provided the measurement computed reasonably approximates the instantaneous state at the beginning of the measurement process and the instantaneous state at the end of the measurement process.
- The present disclosure discloses a pump that is able to measure flow rates or adjust flow rates in about real time. The pumps of the present disclosure comprise two chambers with at least a pressure sensor disposed therein to measure pressures in a pressured chamber that drives flow of a fluid from a liquid chamber. Flow controllers are disposed as part of the pump to either prevent flow or regulate and ensure consistent flow rate. The operation of the pumps of the present disclosure maintain sterile conditions for the fluid flow from the pumps, while allowing for precise measurements for flow volumes without compromising sterility.
- According to embodiments and as illustrated in
FIG. 1 ,pump 100 comprisesfirst chamber 110 andsecond chamber 120. First chamber is a chamber that is pressurized such that the pressure in first chamber exceeds the pressure of second chamber. Consequently, whenpump 100 is in an open state, flow of fluid contained insecond chamber 120 is effected. - Flow of fluid from second chamber is through
flow lumen 130. Flow lumen may be surgical or medical tubing, pipes, and other similar devices designed for the flow of fluids from a source to a destination without appreciable loss of fluid. - According to embodiments,
flow controller 140 may be disposed alongflow lumen 130 to control flow. Control of flow, according to embodiments, may be an on/off type device, such as a clamp, whereby when flow controller is open flow is effected and whenflow controller 140 is closed, flow is prevented.Flow controller 140 may also comprise, according to embodiments, a flow restrictor to ensure constant or predictable flow. According to embodiments,flow controller 140 may comprise a plurality of flow restrictors, clamps, etc. -
Fill device 150 is disposed alongflow lumen 130 and facilitates the filling ofsecond chamber 120 with fluid.Fill device 150 may comprise a one-way valve, according to embodiments, whereby fluid is flowed through valve and intosecond chamber 120.Fill device 150 is a luer actuated port, according to embodiments. According to optional embodiments, fill valve comprises a device for putting a prefilledsecond chamber 120, such as a typical intravenous bag, intofirst chamber 110 after whichfirst chamber 110 is pressurized. - According to embodiments, and as shown in
FIG. 1 ,first chamber 110 is a chamber that is able to be pressurized. According to embodiments,first chamber 110 may be made from any suitable rigid material, for example polycarbonate, ABS, or polyethylene. According to different embodiments,first chamber 110 may be made from flexible materials, for example PVC, polyethylene, silicon, polyurethane, or various rubbers. According to embodiments,first chamber 110 is sealed to prevent leakage of gas contained therein. According to embodiments,first chamber 110 may have a valve for repressurization or adjustment of pressure, as desired. According to embodiment and as illustrated inFIG. 2 ,first chamber 110 comprises a bag-like or collapsible device. -
Pressure sensor 115 is disposed infirst chamber 100 to measure pressure at predetermined intervals, as well as initial pressure readings to be used to determine flow rate. Optionally, a temperature sensor may also be disposed infirst chamber 100 to improve accuracy of flow measurement. Multiple pressure and temperature sensors may be used to more accurately determine pressure and temperature infirst chamber 110. -
Second chamber 120, according to embodiments, comprises a collapsible chamber that holds a fluid without appreciable leakage. When flow controller is in a state whereby flow is effected, flow from second chamber is effected by the pressure differential betweenfirst chamber 110 andsecond chamber 120. Second chamber may be made from PVC, polyisoprene, silicon, polyurethane, or other flexible materials. - According to embodiments and as shown in
FIG. 3 ,second chamber 120 may be defined by a collapsible or movable diaphragm 225. Rather than collapsingsecond chamber 120, the movable orcollapsible diaphragm 125 is moved whereby flow is effected. - To dispense fluid from
pump 100, a calibration step is necessary. The calibration step determines the initial volume of second chamber 120 (V2i), which is necessary to determine flow rate, as described below using the ideal gas law. According to embodiments, the most simple method for the determination of V2i is to know the volume of fluid put intosecond chamber 120. This is accomplished by injecting a known amount of fluid intosecond chamber 120 viafill device 150 or using a disposable second chamber 120 (i.e., an IV bag) holding a known volume. - According to embodiments, calibration may also be accomplished by calculating, using the ideal gas law, the volume of
second chamber 120 from a known starting volume in an empty state. Ifsecond chamber 120 occupies a known empty volume, for example using the pump ofFIG. 3 , wherein the diaphragm rests at a set position whensecond chamber 120 is empty, for example 0 ml or 10 ml, then prior to filling ofsecond chamber 120 with a fluid, the pressure and temperature of first chamber are measured. The initial volume ofsecond chamber 120 is then calculated after fluid is put intosecond chamber 120 using an equation to measure flow rate, which is derived in detail below: -
- For the purposes of the present application,
second chamber 120 has three discrete states: empty, filled, and flowing. The empty state defines second chamber when the volume is 0 or a known empty volume. The filled state defines the second chamber when it is filled with fluid. The flowing state defines a plurality of volumes where -
V2filled>V2flowing>V2empty (2) - Typically, V2flowing is representative of the state wherein fluid is being delivered from
pump 100 to a patient, for example. However, V2flowing may also be used for calculations during the filling ofsecond chamber 120 with fluid. - According to embodiments, flow is effected because the pressure of
first chamber 110 exceeds the fluid pressure insecond chamber 120. Accordingly, flow rate may be calculated with high precision and in about real time. Prior to determination of flow rate, the filled state ofpump 100 must be measured. - Calculation of flow rate is based on the ideal gas law, that is:
-
PV=nRT. (3) - Because the total volume of
pump 100 is known, that is the volume of first chamber 110 (V1) plus the volume of second chamber 120 (V2) is a constant, as shown: -
V 1 +V 2 =c. (4) - Thus, as fluid flows from V2 to a delivery target, such as a patient, the volume of V1 increases proportionally. Consequently, if V1 is determined in a filled state and V1 is determined in a flowing state at a time interval after fluid begins to flow from
second chamber 120, the change in volume of V1 over the time interval t is the flow rate over that time interval. -
- where Δt is the time interval over which ΔV1 and ΔV2 are measured.
- However, the volume of second chamber (V2) is not measured directly. Rather, changes in V2 are measured indirectly from the changing volume of V1. Measurements of the volume of V1 are accomplished with pressure sensor and optional temperature sensor.
- Turning again to the ideal gas law, because
first chamber 110 is sealed, the number of molecules (n) of gas infirst chamber 110 remains constant. Additionally, R is constant. Therefore, -
nR=k (6) - where k is a constant. Thus,
-
- Because
first chamber 110 is sealed, k remains constant throughout the flow of fluid fromsecond chamber 120. Additionally, pressure sensor and optional temperature sensor disposed infirst chamber 110 allows for measurement of P1filled, P1flowing, T1filled, and T1flowing. Finally, the filled volume (V2filled) ofsecond chamber 120 is known, which allows calculation of V1filled, and therefore calculation of V1flowing. The following equation forfirst chamber 110 results: -
- Artisans will understand the filled state comprises the end state at each discrete time interval in which flow rate is measured. Indeed, according to embodiments, the filled state of the prior time interval may comprise the filled of the succeeding time interval, and so forth as shown as the alternative to equation (9a).
-
- where τ is a time interval, when x=0, the flowing state is equal to the filled state, and y≧1 time interval. Artisans will readily appreciate that τ or Δt may represent the aggregate time from the start of flow of fluid from
second chamber 120 to the time being measured or may be indicative of any arbitrary time interval after the start of flow of fluid fromsecond chamber 120 to the time being measured. - To more clearly illustrate the principle of determining ΔV1, temperature will be assumed to be constant for the purposes of the next set of equations. Thus,
-
P1filledV1filled=P1flowingV1flowing. (10) - Therefore, solving for Vflowing of
first chamber 110 yields -
- However, V1filled is unknown and must be calculated from the total volume of pump c and from knowing the filled volume (V2filled) of fluid put into second chamber 120:
-
V 1filled =c−V 2filled (12) - Thus, the total amount of volume flowed may be calculated using the equation, based on the proportionality of flow between
first chamber 110 and second chamber 120: -
- Thus, to determine V1flowing, we can use the relationship expressed in equation (ii). As V1filled is unknown, substituting known values of c and V2filled, the following equation results:
-
- Using equation (13) and based on the fact that V2flowing=|−(V1flowing)|, flow rate may be calculated as
-
- Adding temperature back to the equation allows for a more precise measurement of flow rate and is easily accomplished:
-
- According to embodiments, measurements of flow rate are taken at discrete time intervals. These time intervals may range from many measurements per second to measurements taken over the course of minutes, hours, or days, depending on the specific application. Accordingly, measuring flow rate provides about real-time feedback, which may be used to adjust flow rate. By coupling the measurement of flow rate to flow controllers, flow may be closely regulated. For example, if
flow controller 140 comprises a clamp, then feedback system may open the clamp when additional flow of fluid is needed and close the clamp when too much flow has occurred. Thus, the combination of a flow controller and the about real-time flow measurement provides a platform to deliver measurably accurate volumes of a fluid. - According to embodiments,
first chamber 110 may be made from expandable materials. In such embodiments,first chamber 110 may be a disposable bag or similar flexible-type container such as an IV-type bag, that tend to expand or contract depending on the pressure within the first chamber. Thus, the above equations must account for the effects expansion or contraction due to change of pressure withinfirst chamber 110. In other words, as pressure increases, the volume withinfirst chamber 110 will change in a predictable way and visa versa. For example, by including in the calculations a factor incorporating the modulus of elasticity of the material from whichfirst chamber 110 is made into the V1, the change in the volume offirst chamber 110 is reasonably predictable. - Accuracy of the determination of the change in V1 attributable to the elasticity of the material from which first chamber is made is improved by calibrating the system at a known initial pressure of
first chamber 110 and volume ofsecond chamber 120. Thus,first chamber 110 is designed and made to have a known volume in this initial state. As pressure increases, the calculated additional volume due to expansion offirst chamber 110 may be added to the initial volume to derive an accurate value of V1. - Referring again to the calibration step, as the pressure of
second chamber 120 increases as it is charged with the fluid, the volume offirst chamber 110 is decreased and the pressure withinfirst chamber 110 increases. At the same time, becausefirst chamber 110 is made from non-rigid materials there will be predictable expansion of the dimensions offirst chamber 110, with increased resulting volume. Thus, to determine the actual volume offirst chamber 110 after the initial state, the pressure of first chamber is measured and volume is calculated as described previously, taking into account the incremental volume increase or decrease offirst chamber 110 observed due to elasticity of material from whichfirst chamber 110 is made. - According to alternative-type embodiments, a method for accounting for the change in V1 due to expansion or contraction of
first chamber 110 is to lookup the approximate change in volume offirst chamber 110 as pressure withinfirst chamber 110 increases or decreases in a lookup table. The lookup table, according to embodiments, is based upon averaged value for a plurality of the samefirst chamber 110 having the same dimensional parameters and will provide a reasonably approximate factor to add or subtract to V1 at a plurality of given measured pressures. - These principles are illustrated in the following equations. Let V1 E be the supplemental volume of first chamber as
first chamber 110 expands or contracts. In systems wherefirst chamber 110 is made from rigid materials, the volume offirst chamber 110 plus the volume ofsecond chamber 120 is constant, as expressed in equation (4). -
V 1 +V 2 =c (4) - In system where
first chamber 110 is made from expandable materials, however, a factor must be added to c denoting the added or lost volume occurring due to expansion or contraction of thefirst chamber 110. -
V 1 +V 2 =c+V 1 E (17) - Thus, the volume of V1 may be calculated as:
-
V 1 =c+V 1 E −V 2. (18) - Thus, in systems where
first chamber 110 is made from expandable materials, equation (16) is modified to account for the expanded first chamber 110: -
- Artisans will readily recognize that V1 E may be calculated if the modulus of elasticity is known or may be simply recorded as a set of values within a table for quick lookup, especially in situations where a microprocessor is not designed to perform series of complex calculations or where power consumption is an issue.
- While the apparatus and method have been described in terms of what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure need not be limited to the disclosed embodiments. It is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims, the scope of which should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures. The present disclosure includes any and all embodiments of the following claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/020,498 US20090191067A1 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
EP09704892A EP2242421A4 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-01-23 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
PCT/US2009/031906 WO2009094590A2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-01-23 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
US12/538,018 US8986253B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-07 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/020,498 US20090191067A1 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/538,018 Continuation-In-Part US8986253B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-07 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
Publications (1)
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US20090191067A1 true US20090191067A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
Family
ID=40899426
Family Applications (1)
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US12/020,498 Abandoned US20090191067A1 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US20090191067A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2242421A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009094590A2 (en) |
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US20100032041A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | System of stepped flow rate regulation using compressible members |
WO2011014704A2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US8408421B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Flow regulating stopcocks and related methods |
US8573027B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2013-11-05 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for determination of flow reservoir volume |
US8650937B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2014-02-18 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Solute concentration measurement device and related methods |
US20140243738A1 (en) * | 2009-12-26 | 2014-08-28 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Fluid Balance Monitoring System with Fluid Infusion Pump for Medical Treatment |
US8986253B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2015-03-24 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
US9180243B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-10 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Detection of infusion pump conditions |
US9180242B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2015-11-10 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for multiple fluid transfer |
US9250106B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2016-02-02 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for determination of flow reservoir volume |
US9555186B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2017-01-31 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US9962486B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-05-08 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump |
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EP2953665A4 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-03-02 | Ivenix Inc | Fluid flow measurement and control |
US11285262B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2022-03-29 | Ivenix, Inc. | Fluid flow measurement and control |
US10444770B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2019-10-15 | Ivenix, Inc. | Fluid flow measurement and control |
US11566614B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2023-01-31 | Fresenius Kabi Usa, Llc | Fluid flow control and delivery via multiple fluid pumps |
US11542936B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2023-01-03 | Fresenius Kabi Usa, Llc | Fluid flow control and delivery via multiple fluid pumps |
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US8986253B2 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2015-03-24 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Two chamber pumps and related methods |
US8056582B2 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2011-11-15 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | System of stepped flow rate regulation using compressible members |
US20100032041A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | System of stepped flow rate regulation using compressible members |
US8408421B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-04-02 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Flow regulating stopcocks and related methods |
US8448824B2 (en) | 2008-09-16 | 2013-05-28 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Slideable flow metering devices and related methods |
US9400241B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2016-07-26 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Solute concentration measurement device and related methods |
US8650937B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2014-02-18 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Solute concentration measurement device and related methods |
US10010674B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2018-07-03 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for determination of flow reservoir volume |
US9250106B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2016-02-02 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for determination of flow reservoir volume |
US8573027B2 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2013-11-05 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for determination of flow reservoir volume |
EP2932994A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2015-10-21 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | New o-ring seal, and delivery mechanism and portable infusion pump system related thereto |
US9211377B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2015-12-15 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US8926561B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2015-01-06 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US8758323B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2014-06-24 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
EP2724739A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2014-04-30 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Portable infusion pump system |
US11285263B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2022-03-29 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump systems and methods |
WO2011014704A2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US11135362B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2021-10-05 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump systems and methods |
US8298184B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2012-10-30 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US8287495B2 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2012-10-16 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
EP3284494A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2018-02-21 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Portable infusion pump system |
US20140243738A1 (en) * | 2009-12-26 | 2014-08-28 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Fluid Balance Monitoring System with Fluid Infusion Pump for Medical Treatment |
US9750871B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2017-09-05 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Pump device with multiple medicament reservoirs |
US9180242B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2015-11-10 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Methods and devices for multiple fluid transfer |
US10258736B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2019-04-16 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Systems including vial adapter for fluid transfer |
US9555186B2 (en) | 2012-06-05 | 2017-01-31 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Infusion pump system with disposable cartridge having pressure venting and pressure feedback |
US9962486B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-05-08 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | System and method for detecting occlusions in an infusion pump |
US9180243B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-10 | Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. | Detection of infusion pump conditions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2242421A4 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
WO2009094590A3 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
WO2009094590A2 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
EP2242421A2 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
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