US20090321745A1 - Semiconductor light-emitting device - Google Patents
Semiconductor light-emitting device Download PDFInfo
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- US20090321745A1 US20090321745A1 US12/556,223 US55622309A US2009321745A1 US 20090321745 A1 US20090321745 A1 US 20090321745A1 US 55622309 A US55622309 A US 55622309A US 2009321745 A1 US2009321745 A1 US 2009321745A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/12—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a stress relaxation structure, e.g. buffer layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to semiconductor light-emitting devices, and more particularly relates to gallium nitride based semiconductor light-emitting devices, such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes.
- group III-V nitride semiconductors represented by a general formula, Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1), have been frequently used as semiconductor materials for light-emitting devices operating in the range from visible to ultraviolet wavelengths and electronic devices operating at high powers and high temperatures.
- light-emitting devices using group III-V nitride semiconductors are each formed of an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer both formed on a substrate of sapphire and an active layer interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-70139).
- the respective lattices of the sapphire and the group III-V nitride semiconductor cannot be completely matched.
- sapphire has a different lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient from a group III-V nitride semiconductor.
- the number of defects in a semiconductor layer is increased, resulting in a reduction in the activation ratio of dopants, in particular, in a p-type cladding layer made of p-type aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) and a p-type contact layer made of p-type gallium nitride (GaN). This leads to an increase in the electrical resistances of these layers, resulting in an increase in the operating voltage of a semiconductor light-emitting device.
- AlGaN aluminum gallium nitride
- GaN p-type contact layer made of p-type gallium nitride
- a method has also been considered in which the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer is reduced by allowing the n-type semiconductor layer to include an intermediate layer of gallium indium nitride (GaInN) or AlGaN.
- GaInN gallium indium nitride
- AlGaN AlGaN
- the present invention is made to solve the known problems, and its object is to achieve a low-operating-voltage semiconductor light-emitting device including a group III-V nitride semiconductor formed on a substrate having a different lattice constant from the group III-V nitride semiconductor.
- a semiconductor light-emitting device includes an intermediate layer made of a group III-V nitride semiconductor containing Al and In.
- a semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a substrate; a first conductivity type layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of a first conductivity type; an active layer formed on the first conductivity type layer; and a second conductivity type layer formed on the active layer and including a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, the first conductivity type layer including an intermediate layer made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1).
- the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention reduces the lattice mismatch between the intermediate layer made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1) and another layer. This enhances the crystallinity of the intermediate layer. Enhancement of the crystallinity of the intermediate layer enhances the activation ratio of carriers in a semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type formed on the intermediate layer, resulting in a reduction in the electrical resistance of the semiconductor light-emitting device. This can reduce the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device.
- a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity type layer preferably form a mesa, and the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa preferably includes the intermediate layer.
- a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity layer preferably form a mesa, and the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa is preferably a part of the first conductivity type layer except at least the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer is preferably the closest one of the plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of the first conductivity type to the substrate.
- the intermediate layer can be used also as a buffer layer.
- the substrate is preferably made of a hexagonal material, and the principal surface of the substrate is preferably oriented along the (0001) plane.
- the substrate is preferably made of sapphire.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the correlation between the Al content of an intermediate layer of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention and the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to a first modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to a second modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- a low-temperature buffer layer 11 of GaN is formed on a substrate 10 of sapphire, and an n-type semiconductor layer 12 , an active layer 13 and a p-type semiconductor layer 14 are sequentially formed on the buffer layer 11 .
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12 includes a first n-type layer 21 made of GaN doped with Si, an intermediate layer 22 made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1) doped with Si, a second n-type layer 23 made of GaN doped with Si, and a cladding layer 24 made of undoped AlGaN.
- the first n-type layer 21 , the intermediate layer 22 , the second n-type layer 23 , and the cladding layer 24 are formed in bottom-to-top order.
- the active layer 13 has a multi-quantum well structure in which barrier layers of GaN and well layers of InGaN are alternately stacked.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 14 is made of AlGaN doped with Mg.
- a p-side electrode 15 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 14 .
- the following layers are partially removed to expose part of the second n-type layer 23 : the p-type semiconductor layer 14 ; the active layer 13 ; and a combination of the cladding layer 24 and the second n-type layer 23 forming part of the n-type semiconductor layer 12 .
- An n-side electrode 16 is formed on the exposed part of the second n-type layer 23 .
- Table 1 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment, e.g., the composition of each of semiconductor layers.
- the p-side electrode 15 represents a 1- ⁇ m-thick Au-based reflector.
- the n-side electrode 16 represents a 1- ⁇ m-thick Au-based contact electrode.
- a part of the second n-type layer 23 on which the n-side electrode 16 is formed has a thickness of 500 nm.
- the principal surface of the substrate 10 used in this embodiment is oriented along the (0001) plane, and the substrate 10 has a diameter of 2 inch (5.08 cm) and a thickness of 400 ⁇ m.
- Semiconductor light-emitting devices according to this embodiment are formed by dividing the 2-inch-diameter substrate 10 .
- the two-dimensional size of each semiconductor light-emitting device is 300 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor light-emitting device has a peak emission wavelength of 455 nm and represents a so-called light-emitting diode (hereinafter, referred to as LED).
- FIG. 2 illustrates the relationship between the Al content x of an intermediate layer 22 and the operating voltage of the light-emitting device when the intermediate layer 22 has a thickness of 150 nm.
- the In content of the intermediate layer 22 is 0.02.
- the operating voltage means the voltage applied to a semiconductor light-emitting device to allow a current of 20 mA to flow therethrough.
- the Al content of the intermediate layer 22 is 0.001 or more, the operating voltage can become smaller than that when the Al content of a known intermediate layer 22 is 0, i.e., when the known intermediate layer 22 is made of Ga 0.98 In 0.02 N.
- the operating voltage tends to decrease with an increase in the Al content x of the intermediate layer 22 .
- the reason why the results illustrated in FIG. 2 are produced is considered as follows.
- the lattice mismatch between the intermediate layer 22 containing Al and In, i.e., the intermediate layer 22 made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1), and a first n-type layer 21 of GaN becomes smaller than that between a known intermediate layer of GaInN that is not doped with Al and a first n-type layer 21 . This enhances the crystallinity of the intermediate layer 22 .
- This enhancement of the crystallinity of the intermediate layer 22 leads to enhancement of the crystallinities of a second n-type layer 23 , a cladding layer 24 , an active layer 13 , and a p-type semiconductor layer 14 sequentially formed on the intermediate layer 22 .
- the enhancement of the crystallinity of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 reduces the number of crystal defects acting as carrier traps. This enhances the activation ratio of Mg serving as a dopant, resulting in an increase in the carrier concentration of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 and thus a reduction in the resistivity thereof. This is considered to lead to a decrease in the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device.
- the increase in the carrier concentration of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 reduces the contact resistance between the p-type semiconductor layer 14 and the p-side electrode 15 . This is also considered as one of the reasons why the operating voltage decreases.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this modification.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
- a semiconductor light-emitting device of this modification is formed without a second n-type layer 23 and configured such that an n-side electrode 16 is formed on a first n-type layer 21 .
- Table 2 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the first modification, such as the composition of each of semiconductor layers.
- an intermediate layer containing Al and In i.e., an intermediate layer 22 made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1) is used for the semiconductor light-emitting device of the first modification.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this modification.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
- the semiconductor light-emitting device of this modification is configured such that an intermediate layer 22 is formed between a first n-type layer 21 and a substrate 10 and also serves as a buffer layer 11 .
- Table 3 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the second modification, such as the composition of each of semiconductor layers.
- an intermediate layer containing Al and In i.e., an intermediate layer 22 made of Al x Ga 1-x-y In y N (wherein 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1 and x+y ⁇ 1) is used for the semiconductor light-emitting device of the second modification.
- a sapphire substrate is used as a substrate 10 .
- a substrate which is made of SiC, GaN, MgAlO 2 , or any other material and on which a group III-V nitride semiconductor can be formed is used instead of a sapphire substrate, the same effect can be obtained.
- the present invention achieves a low-operating-voltage semiconductor light-emitting device comprising a group III-V nitride semiconductor formed on a substrate having a different lattice constant from the group III-V nitride semiconductor.
- the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention is useful, in particular, as a semiconductor light-emitting device, such as a light-emitting diode and a semiconductor laser device, using a nitride semiconductor.
Abstract
A semiconductor light-emitting device includes: a substrate; a first conductivity type layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of a first conductivity type; an active layer formed on the first conductivity type layer; and a second conductivity type layer formed on the active layer and including a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type. The first conductivity type layer includes an intermediate layer made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1).
Description
- The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-267852 filed on Sep. 15, 2005 including specification, drawings and claims is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- (1) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to semiconductor light-emitting devices, and more particularly relates to gallium nitride based semiconductor light-emitting devices, such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes.
- (2) Description of Related Art
- In recent years, group III-V nitride semiconductors represented by a general formula, AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1 and x+y≦1), have been frequently used as semiconductor materials for light-emitting devices operating in the range from visible to ultraviolet wavelengths and electronic devices operating at high powers and high temperatures.
- In general, light-emitting devices using group III-V nitride semiconductors are each formed of an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer both formed on a substrate of sapphire and an active layer interposed between the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-70139).
- In a case where a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer is formed on a substrate of sapphire, the respective lattices of the sapphire and the group III-V nitride semiconductor cannot be completely matched. The reason for this is that sapphire has a different lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient from a group III-V nitride semiconductor. In view of the above, the number of defects in a semiconductor layer is increased, resulting in a reduction in the activation ratio of dopants, in particular, in a p-type cladding layer made of p-type aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) and a p-type contact layer made of p-type gallium nitride (GaN). This leads to an increase in the electrical resistances of these layers, resulting in an increase in the operating voltage of a semiconductor light-emitting device.
- A method has also been considered in which the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer is reduced by allowing the n-type semiconductor layer to include an intermediate layer of gallium indium nitride (GaInN) or AlGaN. However, this method does not sufficiently achieve a reduction in the operating voltage of a semiconductor light-emitting device.
- The present invention is made to solve the known problems, and its object is to achieve a low-operating-voltage semiconductor light-emitting device including a group III-V nitride semiconductor formed on a substrate having a different lattice constant from the group III-V nitride semiconductor.
- In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is configured such that a semiconductor light-emitting device includes an intermediate layer made of a group III-V nitride semiconductor containing Al and In.
- To be specific, a semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a substrate; a first conductivity type layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of a first conductivity type; an active layer formed on the first conductivity type layer; and a second conductivity type layer formed on the active layer and including a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type, the first conductivity type layer including an intermediate layer made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1).
- The semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention reduces the lattice mismatch between the intermediate layer made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1) and another layer. This enhances the crystallinity of the intermediate layer. Enhancement of the crystallinity of the intermediate layer enhances the activation ratio of carriers in a semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type formed on the intermediate layer, resulting in a reduction in the electrical resistance of the semiconductor light-emitting device. This can reduce the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device.
- In the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity type layer preferably form a mesa, and the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa preferably includes the intermediate layer.
- In the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity layer preferably form a mesa, and the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa is preferably a part of the first conductivity type layer except at least the intermediate layer.
- In the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, the intermediate layer is preferably the closest one of the plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of the first conductivity type to the substrate. With this structure, the intermediate layer can be used also as a buffer layer.
- In the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, the substrate is preferably made of a hexagonal material, and the principal surface of the substrate is preferably oriented along the (0001) plane.
- In the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention, the substrate is preferably made of sapphire.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the correlation between the Al content of an intermediate layer of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the embodiment of the present invention and the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device. -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to a first modification of the embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a semiconductor light-emitting device according to a second modification of the embodiment of the present invention. - An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment. As illustrated in cross section inFIG. 1 , in the semiconductor light-emitting device of this embodiment, a low-temperature buffer layer 11 of GaN is formed on asubstrate 10 of sapphire, and an n-type semiconductor layer 12, anactive layer 13 and a p-type semiconductor layer 14 are sequentially formed on thebuffer layer 11. - The n-
type semiconductor layer 12 includes a first n-type layer 21 made of GaN doped with Si, anintermediate layer 22 made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1) doped with Si, a second n-type layer 23 made of GaN doped with Si, and acladding layer 24 made of undoped AlGaN. The first n-type layer 21, theintermediate layer 22, the second n-type layer 23, and thecladding layer 24 are formed in bottom-to-top order. Theactive layer 13 has a multi-quantum well structure in which barrier layers of GaN and well layers of InGaN are alternately stacked. The p-type semiconductor layer 14 is made of AlGaN doped with Mg. - A p-
side electrode 15 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 14. The following layers are partially removed to expose part of the second n-type layer 23: the p-type semiconductor layer 14; theactive layer 13; and a combination of thecladding layer 24 and the second n-type layer 23 forming part of the n-type semiconductor layer 12. An n-side electrode 16 is formed on the exposed part of the second n-type layer 23. Table 1 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment, e.g., the composition of each of semiconductor layers. -
TABLE 1 Impurity Al diffusion content In content thickness dopant (cm−3) Other Sapphire substrate 0 0 400 μm — 10 Low- temperature 0 0 20 nm — buffer layer 11 n- type layer 210 0 5 μm Si 5 × 1018 Intermediate layer x y 10~500 nm Si 5 × 1018 22 Second n- type 0 0 500 nm Si 5 × 1018 layer 23Cladding layer 240.05 0 20 nm Undoped — Active Barrier 0 0 16 nm Undoped — Four well layer layers layers and 13 Well 0 0.06 2 nm Undoped — three layers barrier layers are alternately formed. p- type layer 140.05 0 100 nm Mg 1 × 1020 - The p-
side electrode 15 represents a 1-μm-thick Au-based reflector. The n-side electrode 16 represents a 1-μm-thick Au-based contact electrode. A part of the second n-type layer 23 on which the n-side electrode 16 is formed has a thickness of 500 nm. - The principal surface of the
substrate 10 used in this embodiment is oriented along the (0001) plane, and thesubstrate 10 has a diameter of 2 inch (5.08 cm) and a thickness of 400 μm. Semiconductor light-emitting devices according to this embodiment are formed by dividing the 2-inch-diameter substrate 10. The two-dimensional size of each semiconductor light-emitting device is 300 μm×300 μm. Furthermore, the semiconductor light-emitting device has a peak emission wavelength of 455 nm and represents a so-called light-emitting diode (hereinafter, referred to as LED). - A description will be given below of results obtained by considering the correlation between the composition and thickness of the
intermediate layer 22 made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN and the operating characteristics of the semiconductor light-emitting device of this embodiment. -
FIG. 2 illustrates the relationship between the Al content x of anintermediate layer 22 and the operating voltage of the light-emitting device when theintermediate layer 22 has a thickness of 150 nm. The In content of theintermediate layer 22 is 0.02. Furthermore, the operating voltage means the voltage applied to a semiconductor light-emitting device to allow a current of 20 mA to flow therethrough. As illustrated inFIG. 2 , it has been found that when the Al content of theintermediate layer 22 is 0.001 or more, the operating voltage can become smaller than that when the Al content of a knownintermediate layer 22 is 0, i.e., when the knownintermediate layer 22 is made of Ga0.98In0.02N. Furthermore, it has been recognized that the operating voltage tends to decrease with an increase in the Al content x of theintermediate layer 22. - The reason why the results illustrated in
FIG. 2 are produced is considered as follows. The lattice mismatch between theintermediate layer 22 containing Al and In, i.e., theintermediate layer 22 made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1), and a first n-type layer 21 of GaN becomes smaller than that between a known intermediate layer of GaInN that is not doped with Al and a first n-type layer 21. This enhances the crystallinity of theintermediate layer 22. This enhancement of the crystallinity of theintermediate layer 22 leads to enhancement of the crystallinities of a second n-type layer 23, acladding layer 24, anactive layer 13, and a p-type semiconductor layer 14 sequentially formed on theintermediate layer 22. The enhancement of the crystallinity of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 reduces the number of crystal defects acting as carrier traps. This enhances the activation ratio of Mg serving as a dopant, resulting in an increase in the carrier concentration of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 and thus a reduction in the resistivity thereof. This is considered to lead to a decrease in the operating voltage of the semiconductor light-emitting device. Furthermore, the increase in the carrier concentration of the p-type semiconductor layer 14 reduces the contact resistance between the p-type semiconductor layer 14 and the p-side electrode 15. This is also considered as one of the reasons why the operating voltage decreases. - (Modification 1 of Embodiment)
- A first modification of the embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this modification. InFIG. 3 , the same components as those inFIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus description thereof will be omitted. - Unlike the semiconductor light-emitting device of the embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor light-emitting device of this modification is formed without a second n-
type layer 23 and configured such that an n-side electrode 16 is formed on a first n-type layer 21. Table 2 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the first modification, such as the composition of each of semiconductor layers. -
TABLE 2 Impurity Al diffusion content In content thickness dopant (cm−3) Other Sapphire substrate 0 0 400 μm — 10 Low- temperature 0 0 20 nm — buffer layer 11 n- type layer 210 0 5 μm Si 5 × 1018 Intermediate layer X y 10~500 nm Si 5 × 1018 22 Cladding layer 240.05 0 20 nm Undoped — Active Barrier 0 0 16 nm Undoped — Four well layer layer layers and 13 Well 0 0.06 2 nm Undoped — three layer barrier layers are alternately formed. p- type layer 140.05 0 100 nm Mg 1 × 1020 - Like the semiconductor light-emitting device of the embodiment, an intermediate layer containing Al and In, i.e., an
intermediate layer 22 made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1) is used for the semiconductor light-emitting device of the first modification. This reduces the lattice mismatch between theintermediate layer 22 and a first n-type layer 21 made of GaN. This enhances the crystallinity of theintermediate layer 22 and increases the carrier concentration of a p-type semiconductor layer 14. In view of the above, it can be expected that the operating characteristics of a semiconductor light-emitting device will be improved. - (Modification 2 of Embodiment)
- A second modification of the embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a semiconductor light-emitting device according to this modification. InFIG. 4 , the same components as those inFIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and thus description thereof will be omitted. - Unlike the semiconductor light-emitting device of the first modification, the semiconductor light-emitting device of this modification is configured such that an
intermediate layer 22 is formed between a first n-type layer 21 and asubstrate 10 and also serves as abuffer layer 11. Table 3 illustrates an exemplary specific structure of the semiconductor light-emitting device according to the second modification, such as the composition of each of semiconductor layers. -
TABLE 3 Impurity Al diffusion content In content thickness dopant (cm−3) Other Sapphire 0 0 400 μm — substrate 10Intermediate x y 10~500 nm Si 5 × 1018 layer 22 n- type layer 210 0 500 nm Si 5 × 1018 Cladding layer 0.05 0 20 nm Undoped — 24 Active Barrier 0 0 16 nm Undoped — Four well layer layer layers and 13 Well 0 0.06 2 nm Undoped — three layer barrier layers are alternately formed. p- type layer 140.05 0 100 nm Mg 1 × 1020 - Like the semiconductor light-emitting device of the embodiment, an intermediate layer containing Al and In, i.e., an
intermediate layer 22 made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1) is used for the semiconductor light-emitting device of the second modification. This reduces the lattice mismatch between the first n-type layer 21 and theintermediate layer 22. This enhances the crystallinity of the first n-type layer 21 and increases the carrier concentration of a p-type semiconductor layer 14. In view of the above, it can be expected that the operating characteristics of a semiconductor light-emitting device will be improved. - In the embodiment and modifications, a sapphire substrate is used as a
substrate 10. However, also in a case where a substrate which is made of SiC, GaN, MgAlO2, or any other material and on which a group III-V nitride semiconductor can be formed is used instead of a sapphire substrate, the same effect can be obtained. - A description was given herein of an LED. However, in addition to an LED, a semiconductor laser device using a group III-V nitride semiconductor also provides the same effect.
- As described above, the present invention achieves a low-operating-voltage semiconductor light-emitting device comprising a group III-V nitride semiconductor formed on a substrate having a different lattice constant from the group III-V nitride semiconductor. The semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention is useful, in particular, as a semiconductor light-emitting device, such as a light-emitting diode and a semiconductor laser device, using a nitride semiconductor.
Claims (11)
1-6. (canceled)
7. A semiconductor light-emitting device comprising:
a substrate;
a first conductivity type layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of a first conductivity type;
an active layer formed on the first conductivity type layer; and
a second conductivity type layer formed on the active layer and including a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type,
the first conductivity type layer including an intermediate layer made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1), wherein
a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity type layer form a mesa, and
the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa includes the intermediate layer.
8. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 7 , wherein
the first conductivity type layer includes a first layer formed between the substrate and the intermediate layer and a second layer formed between the intermediate layer and the active layer, and
the intermediate layer contains impurities of the first conductivity type, and concentration of the impurities is equal to those in the first layer and the second layer.
9. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 7 , wherein
the first layer is in contact with the intermediate layer, and
the intermediate layer is in contact with the second layer.
10. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 7 , wherein
the substrate is made of a hexagonal material, and the principal surface of the substrate is oriented along the (0001) plane.
11. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 7 , wherein
the substrate is made of sapphire.
12. A semiconductor light-emitting device comprising:
a substrate;
a first conductivity type layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of a first conductivity type;
an active layer formed on the first conductivity type layer; and
a second conductivity type layer formed on the active layer and including a group III-V nitride semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type,
the first conductivity type layer including an intermediate layer made of AlxGa1-x-yInyN (wherein 0.001≦x<0.1, 0<y<1 and x+y<1), wherein
a part of the first conductivity type layer, the active layer and the second conductivity layer form a mesa,
the part of the first conductivity type layer forming part of the mesa is a part of the first conductivity type except at least the intermediate layer, and
the intermediate layer is the closest one of the plurality of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers of the first conductivity type to the substrate.
13. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 12 , wherein
the first conductivity type layer includes a first layer formed between the intermediate layer and the active layer, and
the intermediate layer contains impurities of the first conductivity type, and concentration of the impurities is equal to those in the first layer.
14. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 12 , wherein
the first layer is in contact with the intermediate layer.
15. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 12 , wherein
the substrate is made of a hexagonal material, and the principal surface of the substrate is oriented along the (0001) plane.
16. The semiconductor light-emitting device of claim 12 , wherein
the substrate is made of sapphire.
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US7601985B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
US20070057282A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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