US20100030334A1 - Spinal implant construct and method for implantation - Google Patents
Spinal implant construct and method for implantation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20100030334A1 US20100030334A1 US12/587,272 US58727209A US2010030334A1 US 20100030334 A1 US20100030334 A1 US 20100030334A1 US 58727209 A US58727209 A US 58727209A US 2010030334 A1 US2010030334 A1 US 2010030334A1
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- elongate member
- spinal implant
- intervertebral space
- transverse dimension
- spinal
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- Abandoned
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
- A61F2/447—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4611—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
-
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
- A61F2002/2817—Bone stimulation by chemical reactions or by osteogenic or biological products for enhancing ossification, e.g. by bone morphogenetic or morphogenic proteins [BMP] or by transforming growth factors [TGF]
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/30507—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a threaded locking member, e.g. a locking screw or a set screw
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30576—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30576—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs
- A61F2002/30578—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs having apertures, e.g. for receiving fixation screws
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30579—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with mechanically expandable devices, e.g. fixation devices
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30593—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for hollow
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
- A61F2002/30785—Plurality of holes parallel
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
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- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
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- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a spinal interbody implant construct and method for implantation. While the actual nature of the invention covered herein can only be determined with reference to the claims appended hereto, one aspect of the present invention involves insertion of a fusion device into a space between adjacent vertebral bodies from which at least a portion of an intervertebral disc has been removed via a discectomy procedure. Another aspect of the present invention involves rotation of the fusion device within the intervertebral space to establish and maintain controlled compression between the opposing endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies and the device and/or bone growth promoting material contained within the device. A further aspect of the present invention involves the prevention of an unintentional change of position or orientation of the fusion device subsequent to implantation.
- FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a device according to one form of the present invention, as inserted within a disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies in a first operational configuration.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 in the first operational configuration.
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 , as transitioned to a second operational configuration.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the device illustrated in FIG. 3 in the second operational configuration.
- FIGS. 1-4 shown therein is a schematic representation of a portion of the spinal column in which two adjacent vertebral bodies 11 and 12 are held in distraction via a distraction tool 13 to provide an intervertebral space 14 between the vertebral bodies following the removal of at least a portion of a natural intervertebral disc (not shown).
- a distraction tool 13 to provide an intervertebral space 14 between the vertebral bodies following the removal of at least a portion of a natural intervertebral disc (not shown).
- such distraction of the vertebral bodies via the distraction tool 13 is not essential to practicing the present invention, and in some instances can be avoided.
- a fusion construct or assembly 16 is provided according to one form of the present invention.
- the fusion construct 16 is generally comprised of a cage portion 17 and an elongate plate portion 26 .
- the cage portion 17 can be configured as a spacer-type device or any other type of intervertebral implant.
- the elongate plate portion 26 can be configured as a rod, a staple, a cable, a tether, or any other type of elongate member.
- the components of the fusion construct 16 may be formed from any bio-compatible material such as, for example, titanium, stainless steel or any other suitable material.
- the cage portion 17 of the fusion construct 16 extends along a longitudinal axis 18 and has a generally rectangular, parallelepiped configuration including front and rear portions 17 F, 17 R, left and right side portions 17 L, 17 P (also referred to as primary portions), and top and bottom portions 17 T, 17 B (also referred to as secondary portions).
- front and rear portions 17 F, 17 R, left and right side portions 17 L, 17 P also referred to as primary portions
- top and bottom portions 17 T, 17 B also referred to as secondary portions.
- the fusion cage 17 can take on an elliptical or semi-elliptical configuration, a cam-like configuration, a polygonal configuration, or any other suitable configuration.
- the overall height of the cage 17 between the top and bottom portions 17 T, 17 B is less than the overall width of the cage 17 between the left and right side portions 17 L, 17 P (transverse dimension B illustrated in FIG. 1 ).
- This dimensional configuration facilitates insertion of the cage 17 into the intervertebral space 14 between the lower endplate 11 P of upper vertebral body 11 and the upper endplate 12 P of lower vertebral body 12 by simply pushing the cage 17 in the direction of arrow 21 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P are arranged substantially parallel to one another.
- the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P may be angularly offset relative to one another so as to define a taper to accommodate for an offset angle between the upper and lower vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P (e.g., to accommodate for a particular lordotic angle associated with portion of the spinal column being treated).
- the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B are arranged substantially parallel to one another.
- the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B may be angularly offset relative to one another so as to define a taper to facilitate axial insertion of the cage 17 into the intervertebral space 14 .
- the cage 17 includes features for engaging the plate 26 .
- the cage 17 defines a threaded opening 22 positioned generally along the longitudinal axis 18 which opens onto a front surface of the front end portion 17 F.
- the cage 17 includes a first pair of posts 23 , 24 projecting axially from the front end portion 17 F and radially offset from and located on diametrically opposite sides of the longitudinal axis 18 .
- the elongate plate 26 is selectively engaged with the cage 17 via a fastener 27 .
- the plate 26 need not necessarily be engaged with the cage 17 .
- the elongate plate 26 is provided with a central passage 32 through which extends a threaded shank 28 of the fastener 27 .
- the threaded shank 28 is in turn threadedly engaged within the opening 22 in the cage 17 , as shown in FIG. 2 , to securely engage the plate 26 with the cage 17 .
- the plate 26 extends along a longitudinal axis 33 and defines a pair of openings 34 , 36 disposed adjacent opposite ends thereof which are configured to receive a respective fastener therethrough, the details of which will be discussed below.
- the elongate plate 26 also defines a pair of passages 37 , 38 that are radially offset from and located on diametrically opposite sides of the longitudinal axis 18 .
- the passages 37 , 38 are sized and positioned so as to receive the respective posts 23 , 24 extending from the cage 17 therein.
- the angular orientation of the posts 23 , 24 extending from the cage 17 is initially offset 90° from the angular orientation of the passages 37 , 38 in the plate 26 when the cage 17 is positioned in the first operational configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the posts 23 , 24 are aligned with the passages 37 , 38 .
- tightening of the fastener 27 into the threaded opening 22 in the cage 17 results in displacement of the cage 17 toward the plate 26 and positioning of the posts 23 , 24 within the passages 37 , 38 .
- tightening of the fastener 27 into the threaded opening 22 in the cage 17 may result in displacement of the plate 26 toward the cage 17 to position the posts 23 , 24 within the passages 37 , 38 .
- the cage 17 and the plate 26 may define other elements or features that interlock with one another to selectively prevent rotational and/or lateral displacement therebetween.
- the cage 17 and the plate 26 may have a splined configuration wherein the cage 17 and the plate 26 define a number of splines that are positionable within a corresponding number of grooves to selectively prevent rotational and/or lateral displacement therebetween.
- Other interlocking elements or features are also contemplated including, for example, a tongue and groove configuration, or any other interlocking configuration suitable for selectively preventing rotational and/or lateral displacement between the cage 17 and the plate 26 .
- the elongate plate 26 further defines a pair of curved or arcuate slots 39 , 41 extending from opposite edges 42 , 43 of the plate 26 and progressing inwardly toward the center of the plate 26 adjacent the longitudinal axis 33 .
- the arcuate slots 39 , 41 extend along a common radius; however, other slot configurations and arrangements are also contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.
- the front end portion 17 F of the cage 17 defines a pair of tool-receiving passages 44 , 46 .
- the passages 44 , 46 are radially offset from and located on diametrically opposite sides of the longitudinal axis 18 and are positioned generally along the radius of the arcuate slots 39 , 41 .
- the tool-receiving passages 44 , 46 are sized and positioned so as to receive respective portions 52 , 53 of a tool 51 therein ( FIG. 4 ).
- the angular orientation of the tool-receiving passages 44 , 46 in the cage 17 is initially offset 90° from the longitudinal axis 33 of the plate 26 when the cage 17 is positioned in the first operational configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the tool-receiving passages 44 , 46 and the respective portions 52 , 53 of the tool 51 received therein are displaced along the arcuate slots 39 , 41 in the plate 26 to avoid interference between the tool 51 and the plate 26 .
- the tool 51 may be disengaged from the passages 44 , 46 and removed from the surgical site.
- a bone growth promoting material may be packed within a hollow interior portion of the cage 17 to promote fusion with the adjacent vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P.
- the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P of the cage 17 define a number of relatively small diameter fusion openings 47 extending therethrough in communication with the hollow interior of the cage 17 .
- various types and sizes of openings may be provided to expose the bone growth promoting material to the vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P including, for example, perforations or openings of various sizes and shapes including relatively large slotted openings or windows extending through the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P of the cage 17 .
- At least the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P of the cage 17 may be formed of a relatively porous material to promote bony on-growth.
- the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B of the cage 17 may be provided with a number of fusion openings and/or may be formed of a porous material to further promote fusion between the adjacent vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P and the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B of the cage 17 .
- the bone growth promoting material is comprised of a bone graft material, a bone morphogenic protein (BMP), or any other suitable bone growth promoting material or substance including but not limited to bone chips or bone marrow, a demineralized bone matrix (DBM), mesenchymal stem cells, and/or a LIM mineralization protein (LMP).
- BMP bone morphogenic protein
- LBM demineralized bone matrix
- mesenchymal stem cells mesenchymal stem cells
- LMP LIM mineralization protein
- the bone growth promoting material can be used with or without a suitable carrier.
- the bone growth promoting material is positioned within the hollow interior of the cage 17 prior to insertion within the space 14 between the adjacent vertebral bodies 11 , 12 .
- the bone growth promoting material may be positioned within the hollow interior of the cage 17 subsequent to insertion within the intervertebral space 14 .
- the vertebral level to be treated is initially identified followed by the removal of at least a portion of the natural intervertebral disc via a total or partial discectomy.
- the endplates 11 P, 12 P of the upper and lower vertebral bodies 11 , 12 are then prepared using known surgical instruments and techniques (e.g., rotating cutters, curettes, chisels, etc.). In some instances, it may be desirable to remove an amount of cortical bone from the vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P to facilitate passage of the leading corners of the cage 17 as the cage is rotated about the longitudinal axis 18 .
- the upper and lower vertebral bodies 11 , 12 may be held in a distracted condition via the distraction tool 13 to provide an open space 14 between the vertebral bodies following the discectomy.
- the distraction tool 13 may be removed or left in place throughout the remainder of the surgical procedure.
- the cage 17 used for treatment of the spinal column is selected such that the transverse dimension A between the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B is sized to allow for insertion of the cage 17 within the intervertebral space 14 between the vertebral endplate 11 P, 12 P while in the first operational configuration illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 . Additionally, the transverse dimension B between the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P is selected to provide a select height of the intervertebral space 14 between the vertebral endplate 11 P, 12 P and to impart a desired amount of compression onto the cage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein following rotation of the cage 17 to the second operational configuration illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the cage 17 is inserted into the intervertebral space 14 , preferably via an anterior surgical approach, with the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B facing and arranged substantially parallel with the vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P.
- the cage 17 may be inserted into the intervertebral space 14 via other surgical approaches, such as, for example, via a posterior surgical approach.
- the elongate plate 26 is attached to the upper and lower vertebral bodies 11 , 12 via a pair of fasteners or bone screws 48 , 49 ( FIGS.
- Attachment of the plate 26 to the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 preferably occurs subsequent to engagement of the plate 26 with the cage 17 via the threaded fastener 27 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the elongate plate 26 may be attached to the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 prior to engagement with the cage 17 . As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the elongate plate 26 extends between the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 and bridges the intervertebral space 14 .
- a tool 51 including axial prongs 52 and 53 ( FIG. 4 ) is advanced in the direction of arrow 54 until the tool prongs 52 , 53 are inserted into the corresponding tool receiving opening 44 , 46 in the cage 17 .
- the tool 51 is then rotated in a clockwise direction (in the direction of arrow 56 in FIG. 1 ) to correspondingly rotate the cage 17 90° from the first operational configuration/orientation illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 to the second operational configuration/orientation illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P intimately engage the vertebral endplates 11 P and 12 P of the upper and lower vertebral bodies 11 , 12 , with the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B arranged perpendicular to the vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P.
- the tool prongs 52 , 53 are displaced through the arcuate slots 39 , 41 in the plate 26 to avoid interference between the tool 51 and the edges 42 , 43 of the plate 26 .
- rotation of the cage 17 to the second operational configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 would avoid any interference between the tool prongs 52 , 53 and the lateral edges 42 , 43 of the plate 26 .
- the transverse dimension B between the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P is selected to impart a desired amount of compression onto the cage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein following rotation of the cage 17 to the second operational configuration.
- the plate 26 extending between the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 serves to prevent the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 from distracting or separating apart during rotation of the cage 17 to the second operational configuration, thereby controlling the amount of compression exerted onto the cage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein.
- the distance between the screw-receiving openings 34 , 36 in the plate 26 controls the height of the intervertebral space formed between the vertebral endplate 11 P, 12 P, and also serves to control the amount of compression exerted onto the cage 17 and the bone growth promoting material contained therein by the vertebral endplate 11 P, 12 P.
- the plate 26 therefore functions in a strut-like manner to control the amount of compression exerted onto the cage 17 and the bone growth promoting material.
- the plate 26 may also function to resist tensile loads and/or to limit extension or separation of the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 at the surgical site during subsequent patient activity (e.g., during extension of the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 adjacent the surgical site).
- the tool 57 may be removed from the passages 44 , 46 in the cage 17 . Additionally, the fastener 27 is further threaded into the passage 22 in the cage 17 , thereby resulting in displacement of the cage 17 in the direction of arrow 57 toward the plate 26 ( FIGS. 2 and 4 ). Displacement of the cage 17 in the direction of arrow 57 in turn results in the positioning of the pins 23 , 24 extending from the cage 17 within the passages 37 , 38 formed in the plate 26 . Positioning of the pins 23 , 24 within the passages 37 , 38 serves to prevent further rotation and/or lateral movement of the cage 17 relative to the plate 26 .
- the plate 26 is securely engaged to the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 via the bone screws 48 , 49 , positioning of the pins 23 , 24 within the passages 37 , 38 likewise serves to prevent rotation and/or lateral movement of the cage 17 relative to the vertebral bodies 11 , 12 .
- the cage 17 is provided with a transition feature between the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P and the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B to aid in the rotation of the cage 17 between the first and second operational configurations.
- the transition feature comprises a rounded corner 61 defining a convex outer surface ( FIGS. 1 and 3 ).
- the rounded corners 61 provide a smooth transition between the primary side portions 17 L, 17 P and the secondary side portions 17 T, 17 B.
- the rounded corners 61 thereby serve to eliminate the sharp corners or edges otherwise associated with the rectangular-shaped cage 17 , thereby allowing for rotation of the cage 17 between the first and second operational configurations without undue interference by or disturbance of the adjacent vertebral bodies 11 , 12 .
- the transition surfaces 61 are semi-cylindrical surfaces and extend the entire length of the cage 17 from the front portion 17 F to the rear portion 17 R.
- other shapes and configurations of the transition surfaces 61 are also contemplated as would occur to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the illustrated embodiment of the cage 17 includes a transition surfaces 61 at each of its four corners, it should be understood that in another embodiment, only the opposite corners of the cage 17 that directly contact the vertebral endplates 11 P, 12 P during rotation of the cage 17 need necessarily be provided with a transition surface 61 .
Abstract
A spinal construct and method for implantation is provided which utilizes a spinal implant adapted for insertion within an intervertebral space between an adjacent pair of vertebral bodies, and an elongate member adapted for anchoring to the adjacent vertebral bodies. The spinal implant defines a first transverse dimension and a different second transverse dimension, and is initially inserted into the intervertebral space while in a first operational configuration wherein the first transverse dimension extends along the height of the intervertebral space. The elongate member is anchored to the vertebral bodies to establish and maintain a select height of the intervertebral space. The spinal implant is then rotated to a second operational configuration wherein the second transverse dimension extends along the height of the intervertebral space. The elongate member serves to maintain the select height of the intervertebral space to provide a controlled amount of compression onto the spinal implant and/or a bone growth promoting material contained therein. The elongate member also serves to resist tensile loads during extensional movement of the vertebral bodies to maintain the vertebral endplates in intimate contact with the spinal implant.
Description
- The present invention relates generally to a spinal interbody implant construct and method for implantation. While the actual nature of the invention covered herein can only be determined with reference to the claims appended hereto, one aspect of the present invention involves insertion of a fusion device into a space between adjacent vertebral bodies from which at least a portion of an intervertebral disc has been removed via a discectomy procedure. Another aspect of the present invention involves rotation of the fusion device within the intervertebral space to establish and maintain controlled compression between the opposing endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies and the device and/or bone growth promoting material contained within the device. A further aspect of the present invention involves the prevention of an unintentional change of position or orientation of the fusion device subsequent to implantation. There is a general need in the industry to provide an improved spinal implant construct and method of implantation. The present invention meets this need and provides other benefits and advantages in a novel and unobvious manner.
-
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a device according to one form of the present invention, as inserted within a disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies in a first operational configuration. -
FIG. 2 is a side view of the device illustrated inFIG. 1 in the first operational configuration. -
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the device illustrated inFIG. 1 , as transitioned to a second operational configuration. -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the device illustrated inFIG. 3 in the second operational configuration. - For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is hereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
- Referring to
FIGS. 1-4 , shown therein is a schematic representation of a portion of the spinal column in which two adjacentvertebral bodies distraction tool 13 to provide anintervertebral space 14 between the vertebral bodies following the removal of at least a portion of a natural intervertebral disc (not shown). However, it should be understood that such distraction of the vertebral bodies via thedistraction tool 13 is not essential to practicing the present invention, and in some instances can be avoided. - In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is desirable to establish fusion between the
vertebral bodies assembly 16 is provided according to one form of the present invention. In the illustrated embodiment, thefusion construct 16 is generally comprised of acage portion 17 and anelongate plate portion 26. However, it should be understood that other configurations of thefusion construct 16 are also contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. For example, in other embodiments of the invention, thecage portion 17 can be configured as a spacer-type device or any other type of intervertebral implant. Additionally, in other embodiments of the invention, theelongate plate portion 26 can be configured as a rod, a staple, a cable, a tether, or any other type of elongate member. The components of thefusion construct 16 may be formed from any bio-compatible material such as, for example, titanium, stainless steel or any other suitable material. - In one embodiment of the present invention, the
cage portion 17 of thefusion construct 16 extends along alongitudinal axis 18 and has a generally rectangular, parallelepiped configuration including front andrear portions right side portions bottom portions fusion cage 17 are also contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention. For example, thefusion cage 17 can take on an elliptical or semi-elliptical configuration, a cam-like configuration, a polygonal configuration, or any other suitable configuration. The overall height of thecage 17 between the top andbottom portions FIG. 1 ) is less than the overall width of thecage 17 between the left andright side portions FIG. 1 ). This dimensional configuration facilitates insertion of thecage 17 into theintervertebral space 14 between thelower endplate 11P of uppervertebral body 11 and theupper endplate 12P of lowervertebral body 12 by simply pushing thecage 17 in the direction of arrow 21 (FIG. 2 ). - In the illustrated embodiment of the
cage 17, theprimary side portions primary side portions vertebral endplates cage 17, thesecondary side portions secondary side portions cage 17 into theintervertebral space 14. - In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the
cage 17 includes features for engaging theplate 26. For example, thecage 17 defines a threadedopening 22 positioned generally along thelongitudinal axis 18 which opens onto a front surface of thefront end portion 17F. Additionally, thecage 17 includes a first pair ofposts front end portion 17F and radially offset from and located on diametrically opposite sides of thelongitudinal axis 18. However, it should be understood that other positions and arrangements of theposts elongate plate 26 is selectively engaged with thecage 17 via afastener 27. However, it should be understood that in other embodiments of the invention, theplate 26 need not necessarily be engaged with thecage 17. In a specific embodiment, theelongate plate 26 is provided with acentral passage 32 through which extends a threadedshank 28 of thefastener 27. The threadedshank 28 is in turn threadedly engaged within the opening 22 in thecage 17, as shown inFIG. 2 , to securely engage theplate 26 with thecage 17. In a further embodiment of the invention, theplate 26 extends along alongitudinal axis 33 and defines a pair ofopenings - The
elongate plate 26 also defines a pair ofpassages longitudinal axis 18. Thepassages respective posts cage 17 therein. As should be appreciated, the angular orientation of theposts cage 17 is initially offset 90° from the angular orientation of thepassages plate 26 when thecage 17 is positioned in the first operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2 . However, when thecage 17 is rotated to the second operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 , theposts passages fastener 27 into the threadedopening 22 in thecage 17 results in displacement of thecage 17 toward theplate 26 and positioning of theposts passages fastener 27 into the threadedopening 22 in thecage 17 may result in displacement of theplate 26 toward thecage 17 to position theposts passages - Positioning of the
posts passages cage 17 relative to theplate 26. However, it should be understood that thecage 17 and theplate 26 may define other elements or features that interlock with one another to selectively prevent rotational and/or lateral displacement therebetween. For example, in another embodiment of the invention, thecage 17 and theplate 26 may have a splined configuration wherein thecage 17 and theplate 26 define a number of splines that are positionable within a corresponding number of grooves to selectively prevent rotational and/or lateral displacement therebetween. Other interlocking elements or features are also contemplated including, for example, a tongue and groove configuration, or any other interlocking configuration suitable for selectively preventing rotational and/or lateral displacement between thecage 17 and theplate 26. - The
elongate plate 26 further defines a pair of curved orarcuate slots opposite edges plate 26 and progressing inwardly toward the center of theplate 26 adjacent thelongitudinal axis 33. In the illustrated embodiment, thearcuate slots FIG. 1 , thefront end portion 17F of thecage 17 defines a pair of tool-receivingpassages passages longitudinal axis 18 and are positioned generally along the radius of thearcuate slots passages respective portions FIG. 4 ). As should be appreciated, the angular orientation of the tool-receivingpassages cage 17 is initially offset 90° from thelongitudinal axis 33 of theplate 26 when thecage 17 is positioned in the first operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2 . However, as thecage 17 is rotated to the second operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 , the tool-receivingpassages respective portions arcuate slots plate 26 to avoid interference between the tool 51 and theplate 26. Once rotated to the second operational configuration, the tool 51 may be disengaged from thepassages - In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a bone growth promoting material may be packed within a hollow interior portion of the
cage 17 to promote fusion with the adjacentvertebral endplates primary side portions cage 17 define a number of relatively smalldiameter fusion openings 47 extending therethrough in communication with the hollow interior of thecage 17. However, it should be understood that various types and sizes of openings may be provided to expose the bone growth promoting material to thevertebral endplates primary side portions cage 17. In another embodiment of the invention, at least theprimary side portions cage 17 may be formed of a relatively porous material to promote bony on-growth. Additionally, although not specifically shown in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, thesecondary side portions cage 17 may be provided with a number of fusion openings and/or may be formed of a porous material to further promote fusion between the adjacentvertebral endplates secondary side portions cage 17. - In one embodiment of the invention, the bone growth promoting material is comprised of a bone graft material, a bone morphogenic protein (BMP), or any other suitable bone growth promoting material or substance including but not limited to bone chips or bone marrow, a demineralized bone matrix (DBM), mesenchymal stem cells, and/or a LIM mineralization protein (LMP). It should be understood that the bone growth promoting material can be used with or without a suitable carrier. In a further embodiment of the invention, the bone growth promoting material is positioned within the hollow interior of the
cage 17 prior to insertion within thespace 14 between the adjacentvertebral bodies cage 17 subsequent to insertion within theintervertebral space 14. - Having illustrated and described various elements and features associated with the
fusion construct 16, reference will now be made to a technique for engaging the fusion construct 16 with the adjacentvertebral bodies - The vertebral level to be treated is initially identified followed by the removal of at least a portion of the natural intervertebral disc via a total or partial discectomy. The
endplates vertebral bodies vertebral endplates cage 17 as the cage is rotated about thelongitudinal axis 18. As discussed above, the upper and lowervertebral bodies distraction tool 13 to provide anopen space 14 between the vertebral bodies following the discectomy. Depending on the preference of the surgeon, thedistraction tool 13 may be removed or left in place throughout the remainder of the surgical procedure. - The
cage 17 used for treatment of the spinal column is selected such that the transverse dimension A between thesecondary side portions cage 17 within theintervertebral space 14 between thevertebral endplate FIGS. 1 and 2 . Additionally, the transverse dimension B between theprimary side portions intervertebral space 14 between thevertebral endplate cage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein following rotation of thecage 17 to the second operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 . - After selection of the appropriately
sized cage 17, thecage 17 is inserted into theintervertebral space 14, preferably via an anterior surgical approach, with thesecondary side portions vertebral endplates cage 17 may be inserted into theintervertebral space 14 via other surgical approaches, such as, for example, via a posterior surgical approach. Following insertion of thecage 17 within theintervertebral space 14, theelongate plate 26 is attached to the upper and lowervertebral bodies FIGS. 3 and 4 ) that are received through theopenings plate 26. Attachment of theplate 26 to thevertebral bodies plate 26 with thecage 17 via the threaded fastener 27 (FIG. 2 ). However, it should be understood that in other embodiments, theelongate plate 26 may be attached to thevertebral bodies cage 17. As shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , theelongate plate 26 extends between thevertebral bodies intervertebral space 14. - With the
elongate plate 26 secured to thevertebral bodies cage 17 engaged with the plate 26 (but still rotatable relative thereto), a tool 51 includingaxial prongs 52 and 53 (FIG. 4 ) is advanced in the direction of arrow 54 until the tool prongs 52, 53 are inserted into the correspondingtool receiving opening cage 17. The tool 51 is then rotated in a clockwise direction (in the direction ofarrow 56 inFIG. 1 ) to correspondingly rotate thecage 17 90° from the first operational configuration/orientation illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2 to the second operational configuration/orientation illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 . Once rotated to the second operational configuration/orientation, theprimary side portions vertebral endplates vertebral bodies secondary side portions vertebral endplates - As discussed above, as the
cage 17 is rotated from the first operation configuration to the second operational configuration, the tool prongs 52, 53 are displaced through thearcuate slots plate 26 to avoid interference between the tool 51 and theedges plate 26. However, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is possible to omit thearcuate slots plate 26 via relocation of thetool receiving openings alternative locations FIG. 1 . As should be appreciated, with thetool receiving openings locations cage 17 to the second operational configuration illustrated inFIG. 3 would avoid any interference between the tool prongs 52, 53 and the lateral edges 42, 43 of theplate 26. - As discussed above, the transverse dimension B between the
primary side portions cage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein following rotation of thecage 17 to the second operational configuration. Theplate 26 extending between thevertebral bodies vertebral bodies cage 17 to the second operational configuration, thereby controlling the amount of compression exerted onto thecage 17 and/or the bone growth promoting material contained therein. As should be appreciated, the distance between the screw-receivingopenings plate 26 controls the height of the intervertebral space formed between thevertebral endplate cage 17 and the bone growth promoting material contained therein by thevertebral endplate plate 26 therefore functions in a strut-like manner to control the amount of compression exerted onto thecage 17 and the bone growth promoting material. Additionally, theplate 26 may also function to resist tensile loads and/or to limit extension or separation of thevertebral bodies vertebral bodies - Following rotation of the
cage 17 to the second operational configuration illustrated inFIGS. 3 and 4 , thetool 57 may be removed from thepassages cage 17. Additionally, thefastener 27 is further threaded into thepassage 22 in thecage 17, thereby resulting in displacement of thecage 17 in the direction ofarrow 57 toward the plate 26 (FIGS. 2 and 4 ). Displacement of thecage 17 in the direction ofarrow 57 in turn results in the positioning of thepins cage 17 within thepassages plate 26. Positioning of thepins passages cage 17 relative to theplate 26. Additionally, since theplate 26 is securely engaged to thevertebral bodies pins passages cage 17 relative to thevertebral bodies - In one embodiment of the invention, the
cage 17 is provided with a transition feature between theprimary side portions secondary side portions cage 17 between the first and second operational configurations. In the illustrated embodiment, the transition feature comprises arounded corner 61 defining a convex outer surface (FIGS. 1 and 3 ). In effect, therounded corners 61 provide a smooth transition between theprimary side portions secondary side portions rounded corners 61 thereby serve to eliminate the sharp corners or edges otherwise associated with the rectangular-shapedcage 17, thereby allowing for rotation of thecage 17 between the first and second operational configurations without undue interference by or disturbance of the adjacentvertebral bodies cage 17 from thefront portion 17F to therear portion 17R. However, other shapes and configurations of the transition surfaces 61 are also contemplated as would occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, although the illustrated embodiment of thecage 17 includes a transition surfaces 61 at each of its four corners, it should be understood that in another embodiment, only the opposite corners of thecage 17 that directly contact thevertebral endplates cage 17 need necessarily be provided with atransition surface 61. - While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
Claims (26)
1. A spinal construct for engagement with adjacent vertebral bodies, comprising:
a spinal implant comprising an interbody implant configured for implantation within an intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebral bodies, said spinal implant extending along a longitudinal axis and having a first transverse dimension sized for insertion into the intervertebral space and a second transverse dimension greater than said first transverse dimension and corresponding to a select height of said intervertebral space; and
an elongate member sized to span the intervertebral space and engaged between the adjacent vertebral bodies to maintain said select height of the intervertebral space; and
wherein said spinal implant is rotatably coupled to said elongate member by a connector member such that said spinal implant is rotatable relative to said elongate member about the longitudinal axis, wherein said connector member selectively interlocks said spinal implant with said elongate member to selectively prevent rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member subsequent to alignment of said second transverse dimension along said select height of the intervertebral space.
2. The spinal construct of claim 1 , wherein said spinal implant includes:
a first pair of side surfaces spaced apart and arranged generally opposite one another to define said first transverse dimension; and
a second pair of side surfaces spaced apart and arranged generally opposite one another to define said second transverse dimension.
3. The spinal construct of claim 2 , wherein said second pair of side surfaces are arranged substantially parallel to one another.
4. The spinal construct of claim 2 , wherein said second pair of side surfaces are angled relative to one another to define a taper extending along said longitudinal axis corresponding to the natural lordotic angle between the adjacent vertebral bodies.
5. The spinal construct of claim 2 , wherein said first pair of side surfaces are angled relative to one another to define a taper extending along said longitudinal axis to facilitate insertion of said spinal implant within the intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebral bodies.
6.-9. (canceled)
10. The spinal construct of claim 1 , further comprising an interlock between said spinal implant and said elongate member to selectively prevent at least one of said rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member subsequent to alignment of said second transverse dimension along said select height of the intervertebral space.
11. (canceled)
12. The spinal construct of claim 10 , wherein said interlock comprises:
at least one projection portion extending from one of said spinal implant and said elongate member; and
at least one aperture defined by another of said spinal implant and said elongate member; and
wherein said connector member forces said at least one projection into a respective one of said at least one aperture; and
wherein insertion of said at least one projection portion into a said respective one of said at least one aperture prevents said rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member.
13.-23. (canceled)
24. The spinal construct of claim 1 , wherein said elongate member comprises a plate having first and second end portions, said plate defining at least one opening adjacent each of said first and second end portions; and
further comprising a bone screw extending through each of said at least one opening for engaging said plate to the adjacent vertebral bodies.
25. A spinal implant assembly, comprising:
an interbody fusion device adapted for insertion into an intervertebral space between an adjacent pair of vertebral bodies, said interbody fusion device extending along a longitudinal axis and defining a primary transverse dimension and a secondary transverse dimension, said secondary transverse dimension sized for insertion into the intervertebral space, said primary transverse dimension sized greater than said secondary transverse dimension and corresponding to a select height of said intervertebral space; and
an elongate member sized to span the intervertebral space and engaged between the adjacent vertebral bodies to maintain said select height of the intervertebral space; and
wherein said interbody fusion device is rotatable coupled to said elongate member by a connector member such that said interbody fusion device is rotatable relative to said elongate member about the longitudinal axis, wherein said connector member selectively interlocks said interbody fusion device with said elongate member to selectively prevent rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member subsequent to alignment of said primary transverse dimension along said select height of the intervertebral space.
26.-29. (canceled)
30. The spinal implant assembly of claim 25 , further comprising an interlock between said interbody fusion device and said elongate member to selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member subsequent to alignment of said primary transverse dimension along said select height of the intervertebral space.
31. The spinal implant assembly of claim 30 , wherein said interlock comprises:
at least one projection portion extending from one of said interbody fusion device and said elongate member; and
at least one aperture defined by another of said interbody fusion device and said elongate member; and
wherein said connector member forces said at least one projection into a respective one of said at least one aperture; and
wherein insertion of said at least one projection portion into said respective one of said at least one aperture prevents said rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member.
32.-34. (canceled)
35. A spinal construct for engagement with adjacent vertebral bodies, comprising:
a spinal implant comprising an interbody implant configured for implantation within an intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebral bodies, said spinal implant extending along a longitudinal axis and having a first transverse dimension sized for insertion into the intervertebral space between the adjacent vertebral bodies and a second transverse dimension greater than said first transverse dimension and corresponding to a select height of said intervertebral space;
an elongate member sized to span the intervertebral space and engaged between the adjacent vertebral bodies to maintain said select height of the intervertebral space;
means for rotatably coupling said spinal implant with said elongate member; and
means for interlocking said spinal implant with said elongate member to selectively prevent rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member subsequent to alignment of said second transverse dimension along said select height of the intervertebral space.
36.-62. (canceled)
63. The spinal construct of claim 1 , wherein said connector member comprises a fastener extending through a passage in said elongate member and engaged with said spinal implant; and
wherein displacement of said fastener interlocks said spinal implant with said elongate member to selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member.
64. The spinal construct of claim 63 , wherein said fastener comprises a threaded fastener.
65. The spinal construct of claim 64 , wherein said threaded fastener extends through said passage in said elongate member and is threadedly engaged within a threaded opening in said spinal implant, wherein rotation of said threaded fastener threads said threaded fastener into said threaded opening and interlocks said spinal implant with said elongate member to selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member.
66. The spinal construct of claim 12 , wherein said connector member comprises a threaded fastener extending through a passage in said elongate member and threadedly engaged within a threaded opening in said spinal implant; and
wherein rotation of said fastener threads said fastener into said threaded opening and positions said at least one projection portion within said respective one of said at least one aperture to thereby selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said spinal implant relative to said elongate member.
67. The spinal implant assembly of claim 25 , wherein said connector member comprises a fastener extending through a passage in said elongate member and engaged with said interbody fusion device; and
wherein displacement of said fastener interlocks said interbody fusion device with said elongate member to selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member.
68. The spinal implant assembly of claim 67 , wherein said fastener comprises a threaded fastener.
69. The spinal implant assembly of claim 68 , wherein said threaded fastener extends through said passage in said elongate member and is threadedly engaged within a threaded opening in said interbody fusion device, wherein rotation of said threaded fastener threads said threaded fastener into said threaded opening and interlocks said interbody fusion device with said elongate member to selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member.
70. The spinal implant assembly of claim 31 , wherein said connector member comprises a threaded fastener extending through a passage in said elongate member and threadedly engaged within a threaded opening in said interbody fusion device; and
wherein rotation of said fastener threads said fastener into said threaded opening and positions said at least one projection portion within said respective one of said at least one aperture to thereby selectively prevent said rotational and lateral movement of said interbody fusion device relative to said elongate member.
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US20090265007A1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-10-22 | Dennis Colleran | Vertebral interbody compression implant |
US20110118840A1 (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2011-05-19 | Innovasis, Inc. | Spinal implant with staples |
US20120197402A1 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-02 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc | Intervertebral implant with rotating member |
US8292958B1 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2012-10-23 | Theken Spine, Llc | Spinal cage having deployable member |
US8366774B1 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2013-02-05 | Theken Spine, Llc | Spinal cage having deployable member |
US20130218276A1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Medacta International Sa | Intervertebral implant with improved fastening system for the fixing plate |
US8545562B1 (en) | 2007-07-02 | 2013-10-01 | Theken Spine, Llc | Deployable member for use with an intervertebral cage |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007517627A (en) | 2007-07-05 |
KR20060107580A (en) | 2006-10-13 |
EP1715817A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
WO2005070347A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
AU2005206156A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US20050159813A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
KR101210744B1 (en) | 2012-12-10 |
CN1921809A (en) | 2007-02-28 |
CA2553425A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US7621938B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
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