US20100073429A1 - Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm - Google Patents

Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100073429A1
US20100073429A1 US12/626,930 US62693009A US2010073429A1 US 20100073429 A1 US20100073429 A1 US 20100073429A1 US 62693009 A US62693009 A US 62693009A US 2010073429 A1 US2010073429 A1 US 2010073429A1
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Prior art keywords
actuating arm
nozzle
ink
chamber
nozzle device
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Abandoned
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US12/626,930
Inventor
Kia Silverbrook
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Zamtec Ltd
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Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
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Priority to US12/626,930 priority Critical patent/US20100073429A1/en
Assigned to SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD reassignment SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILVERBROOK, KIA
Publication of US20100073429A1 publication Critical patent/US20100073429A1/en
Assigned to ZAMTEC LIMITED reassignment ZAMTEC LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY. LIMITED AND CLAMATE PTY LIMITED
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14427Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04508Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits aiming at correcting other parameters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/0451Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits for detecting failure, e.g. clogging, malfunctioning actuator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04541Specific driving circuit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04585Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits controlling heads based on thermal bent actuators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04588Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits using a specific waveform
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/0459Height of the driving signal being adjusted
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04591Width of the driving signal being adjusted
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/015Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/04Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand
    • B41J2/045Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating single droplets or particles on demand by pressure, e.g. electromechanical transducers
    • B41J2/04501Control methods or devices therefor, e.g. driver circuits, control circuits
    • B41J2/04596Non-ejecting pulses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/07Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/125Sensors, e.g. deflection sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • B41J29/393Devices for controlling or analysing the entire machine ; Controlling or analysing mechanical parameters involving printing of test patterns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14346Ejection by pressure produced by thermal deformation of ink chamber, e.g. buckling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14354Sensor in each pressure chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14427Structure of ink jet print heads with thermal bend detached actuators
    • B41J2002/14435Moving nozzle made of thermal bend detached actuator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225Position or extent of motion indicator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225Position or extent of motion indicator
    • Y10T137/8242Electrical

Definitions

  • FIG. 17 shows a deflection-time diagram that is applicable to the nozzle actuating arm and which corresponds with the excitation/heating-time diagrams of FIGS. 15 and 16 .

Abstract

A nozzle device for an inkjet printer includes a support structure defining an ink chamber connected to a source of ink; a nozzle chamber for receiving ink from the ink chamber; a nozzle opening through which ink in the nozzle chamber is ejected; and an elongate actuating arm cantilevered relative to the support structure and terminating in a movable free end within the nozzle chamber, the actuating arm comprising an active portion connected electrically to a current source and a passive portion electrically isolated from the current source. The passive portion is mechanically coupled to the active portion via at least one separating element, whereby differential expansion between the active and passive portions causes the actuating arm to bend and the free end of the actuating arm to move within the nozzle chamber to eject ink therein through the nozzle opening. The elongate actuating arm divides the nozzle chamber from the ink chamber.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • The present application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/730,786 filed Apr. 4, 2007, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/339,493 filed on Jan. 26, 2006, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,210,666, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/165,198, filed on Jun. 24, 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,128,093, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/949,346 filed on Sep. 27, 2004, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,142, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/636,273 filed on Aug. 8, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,587, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/575,175 filed on May 23, 2000, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,745, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.
  • CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS
  • Various methods, systems and apparatus relating to the present invention are disclosed in the following co-pending applications/granted patents filed by the applicant or assignee of the present invention simultaneously with U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,745:
  • 6,428,133 6,526,658 6,315,399 6,338,548 6,540,319
    6,328,431 6,328,425 6,991,320 6,383,833 6,464,332
    6,390,591 7,018,016 6,328,417 09/575,197 7,079,712
    6,975,429 6,825,945 7,330,974 6,813,039 6,987,506
    7,038,797 6,980,318 6,816,274 7,350,236 6,681,045
    6,728,000 7,173,722 7,088,459 09/575,181 7,068,382
    7,062,651 6,789,194 6,789,191 6,644,642 6,502,614
    6,622,999 6,669,385 6,549,935 6,987,573 6,727,996
    6,591,884 6,439,706 6,760,119 7,295,332 6,290,349
    6,428,155 6,785,016 6,870,966 6,822,639 6,737,591
    7,055,739 7,233,320 6,830,196 6,832,717 6,957,768
    7,259,889 7,456,820 7,170,499 7,106,888 7,123,239
    6,409,323 6,281,912 6,604,810 6,318,920 6,488,422
    6,795,215 7,154,638 6,859,289 6,924,907 6,416,160
    6,238,043 6,958,826 6,812,972 6,553,459 6,967,741
    6,956,669 6,903,766 6,804,026

    The disclosures of these co-pending applications are incorporated herein by cross-reference.
  • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to a method of detecting and, if appropriate, remedying a fault in a micro-electromechanical device. The invention has application in ink ejection nozzles of the type that are fabricated by integrating the technologies applicable to micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits, and the invention is hereinafter described in the context of that application. However, it will be understood that the invention does have broader application, to the remedying of faults within various types of MEM devices.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • A high speed pagewidth inkjet printer has recently been developed by the present Applicant. This typically employs in the order of 51200 inkjet nozzles to print on A4 size paper to provide photographic quality image printing at 1600 dpi. In order to achieve this nozzle density, the nozzles are fabricated by integrating MEMS-CMOS technology.
  • A difficulty that flows from the fabrication of such a printer is that there is no convenient way of ensuring that all nozzles that extend across the printhead or, indeed, that are located on a given chip will perform identically, and this problem is exacerbated when chips that are obtained from different wafers may need to be assembled into a given printhead. Also, having fabricated a complete printhead from a plurality of chips, it is difficult to determine the energy level required for actuating individual nozzles, to evaluate the continuing performance of a given nozzle and to detect for any fault in an individual nozzle.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to one aspect of the disclosure, a nozzle device for an inkjet printer includes a support structure defining an ink chamber connected to a source of ink; a nozzle chamber for receiving ink from the ink chamber; a nozzle opening through which ink in the nozzle chamber is ejected; and an elongate actuating arm cantilevered relative to the support structure and terminating in a movable free end within the nozzle chamber, the actuating arm comprising an active portion connected electrically to a current source and a passive portion electrically isolated from the current source. The passive portion is mechanically coupled to the active portion via at least one separating element, whereby differential expansion between the active and passive portions causes the actuating arm to bend and the free end of the actuating arm to move within the nozzle chamber to eject ink therein through the nozzle opening. The elongate actuating arm divides the nozzle chamber from the ink chamber.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • In the drawings:—
  • FIG. 1: shows a highly magnified cross-sectional elevation view of a portion of the inkjet nozzle,
  • FIG. 2: shows a plan view of the inkjet nozzle of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3: shows a perspective view of an outer portion of an actuating arm and an ink ejecting paddle or of the inkjet nozzle, the actuating arm and paddle being illustrated independently of other elements of the nozzle,
  • FIG. 4: shows an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 3 but in respect of an inner portion of the actuating arm,
  • FIG. 5: shows an arrangement similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 4 but in respect of the complete actuating arm incorporating the outer and inner portions shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,
  • FIG. 6: shows a detailed portion of a movement sensor arrangement that is shown encircled in FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7: shows a sectional elevation view of the nozzle of FIG. 1 but prior to charging with ink,
  • FIG. 8: shows a sectional elevation view of the nozzle of FIG. 7 but with the actuating arm and paddle actuated to a test position,
  • FIG. 9: shows ink ejection from the nozzle when actuated under a fault clearing operation,
  • FIG. 10: shows a blocked condition of the nozzle when the actuating arm and paddle are actuated to an extent that normally would be sufficient to eject ink from the nozzle,
  • FIG. 11: shows a schematic representation of a portion of an electrical circuit that is embodied within the nozzle,
  • FIG. 12: shows an excitation-time diagram applicable to normal (ink ejecting) actuation of the nozzle actuating arm,
  • FIG. 13: shows an excitation-time diagram applicable to test actuation of the nozzle actuating arm,
  • FIG. 14: shows comparative displacement-time curves applicable to the excitation-time diagrams shown in FIGS. 12 and 13,
  • FIG. 15: shows an excitation-time diagram applicable to a fault detection procedure,
  • FIG. 16: shows a temperature-time diagram that is applicable to the nozzle actuating arm and which corresponds with the excitation-time diagram of FIG. 15, and
  • FIG. 17: shows a deflection-time diagram that is applicable to the nozzle actuating arm and which corresponds with the excitation/heating-time diagrams of FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The fault detection method of the invention preferably is employed in relation to an MEM device in the form of a liquid ejector and most preferably in the form of an ink ejection nozzle that is operable to eject an ink droplet upon actuation of the actuating arm. In this latter preferred form of the invention, the second end of the actuating arm preferably is coupled to an integrally formed paddle which is employed to displace ink from a chamber into which the actuating arm extends.
  • The actuating arm most preferably is formed from two similarly shaped arm portions which are interconnected in interlapping relationship. In this embodiment of the invention, a first of the arm portions is connected to a current supply and is arranged in use to be heated by the current pulse or pulses having the duration tp. However, the second arm portion functions to restrain linear expansion of the actuating arm as a complete unit and heat induced elongation of the first arm portion causes bending to occur along the length of the actuating arm. Thus, the actuating arm is effectively caused to pivot with respect to the support structure with heating and cooling of the first portion of the actuating arm.
  • As illustrated with approximately 3000× magnification in FIG. 1 and other relevant drawing figures, a single inkjet nozzle device is shown as a portion of a chip that is fabricated by integrating MEMS and CMOS technologies. The complete nozzle device includes a support structure having a silicon substrate 20, a metal oxide semiconductor layer 21, a passivation layer 22, and a non-corrosive dielectric coating/chamber-defining layer 23.
  • The nozzle device incorporates an ink chamber 24 which is connected to a source (not shown) of ink and, located above the chamber, and a nozzle chamber 25. A nozzle opening 26 is provided in the chamber-defining layer 23 to permit displacement of ink droplets toward paper or other medium (not shown) onto which ink is to be deposited. A paddle 27 is located between the two chambers 24 and 25 and, when in its quiescent position, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 7, the paddle 27 effectively divides the two chambers 24 and 25.
  • The paddle 27 is coupled to an actuating arm 28 by a paddle extension 29 and a bridging portion 30 of the dielectric coating 23.
  • The actuating arm 28 is formed (i.e. deposited during fabrication of the device) to be pivotable with respect to the support structure or substrate 20. That is, the actuating arm has a first end that is coupled to the support structure and a second end 38 that is movable outwardly with respect to the support structure. The actuating arm 28 comprises outer and inner arm portions 31 and 32. The outer arm portion 31 is illustrated in detail and in isolation from other components of the nozzle device in the perspective view shown in FIG. 3. The inner arm portion 32 is illustrated in a similar way in FIG. 4. The complete actuating arm 28 is illustrated in perspective in FIG. 5, as well as in FIGS. 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
  • The inner portion 32 of the actuating arm 28 is formed from a titanium-aluminium-nitride (TiAL)N deposit during formation of the nozzle device and it is connected electrically to a current source 33, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 11, within the CMOS structure. The electrical connection is made to end terminals 34 and 35, and application of a pulsed excitation (drive) voltage to the terminals results in pulsed current flow through the inner portion only of the actuating arm 28. The current flow causes rapid resistance heating within the inner portion 32 of the actuating arm and consequential momentary elongation of that portion of the arm.
  • The outer arm portion 31 of the actuating arm 28 is mechanically coupled to but electrically isolated from the inner arm portion 32 by posts 36. No current-induced heating occurs within the outer arm portion 31 and, as a consequence, voltage induced current flow through the inner arm portion 32 causes momentary bending of the complete actuating arm 28 in the manner indicated in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 of the drawings. This bending of the actuating arm 28 is equivalent to pivotal movement of the arm with respect to the substrate 20 and it results in displacement of the paddle 27 within the chambers 24 and 25.
  • An integrated movement sensor is provided within the device in order to determine the degree or rate of pivotal movement of the actuating arm 28 and in order to permit fault detection in the device.
  • The movement sensor comprises a moving contact element 37 that is formed integrally with the inner portion 32 of the actuating arm 28 and which is electrically active when current is passing through the inner portion of the actuating arm. The moving contact element 37 is positioned adjacent the second end 38 of the actuating arm and, thus, with a voltage V applied to the end terminals 34 and 35, the moving contact element will be at a potential of approximately V/2. The movement sensor also comprises a fixed contact element 39 which is formed integrally with the CMOS layer 22 and which is positioned to be contacted by the moving contact element 37 when the actuating arm 28 pivots upwardly to a predetermined extent. The fixed contact element is connected electrically to amplifier elements 40 and to a microprocessor arrangement 41, both of which are shown in FIG. 11 and the component elements of which are embodied within the CMOS layer 22 of the device.
  • When the actuator arm 28 and, hence, the paddle 27 are in the quiescent position, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, no contact is made between the moving and fixed contact elements 37 and 39. At the other extreme, when excess movement of the actuator arm and the paddle occurs, as indicated in FIGS. 8 and 9, contact is made between the moving and fixed contact elements 37 and 39. When the actuator arm 28 and the paddle 27 are actuated to a normal extent sufficient to expel ink from the nozzle, no contact is made between the moving and fixed contact elements. That is, with normal ejection of the ink from the chamber 25, the actuator arm 28 and the paddle 27 are moved to a position partway between the positions that are illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. This (intermediate) position is indicated in FIG. 10, although as a consequence of a blocked nozzle rather than during normal ejection of ink from the nozzle.
  • FIG. 12 shows an excitation-time diagram that is applicable to effecting actuation of the actuator arm 28 and the paddle 27 from a quiescent to a lower-than-normal ink ejecting position. The displacement of the paddle 27 resulting from the excitation of FIG. 12 is indicated by the lower graph 42 in FIG. 14, and it can be seen that the maximum extent of displacement is less than the optimum level that is shown by the displacement line 43.
  • FIG. 13 shows an expanded excitation-time diagram that is applicable to effecting actuation of the actuator arm 28 and the paddle 27 to an excessive extent, such as is indicated in FIGS. 8 and 9. The displacement of the paddle 27 resulting from the excitation of FIG. 13 is indicated by the upper graph 44 in FIG. 14, from which it can be seen that the maximum displacement level is greater than the optimum level indicated by the displacement line 43.
  • FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 shows plots of excitation voltage, actuator arm temperature and paddle deflection against time for successively increasing durations of excitation applied to the actuating arm 28.
  • The device can be calibrated to determine an optimal level of displacement of the actuator arm by applying a series of current pulses of increasing duration as shown in FIG. 15. From these current pulses, the relationship between the current pulse width and displacement can be determined, which relationship can also determine the minimum current pulse to achieve correct operation, as indicated by the test level line in FIG. 17. By correctly calibrating the device, minimum energy can be applied to the device while still achieving correct operation.
    The plots shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 also have relevance to fault detection in the nozzle device.
  • When detecting for a fault condition in the nozzle device or in each device in an array of the nozzle devices, a series of current pulses of successively increasing duration tp are induced to flow that the actuating arm 28 over a time period t. The duration tp is controlled to increase in the manner indicated graphically in FIG. 15.
  • Each current pulse induces momentary heating in the actuating arm and a consequential temperature rise, followed by a temperature drop on expiration of the pulse duration. As indicated in FIG. 16, the temperature rises to successively higher levels with the increasing pulse durations as shown in FIG. 15.
  • As a result, as indicated in FIG. 17, under normal circumstances the actuator arm 28 will move (i.e. pivot) to successively increasing degrees, some of which will be below that required to cause contact to be made between the moving and fixed contact elements 37 and 39 and others of which will be above that required to cause contact to be made between the moving and fixed contact elements. This is indicated by the “test level” line shown in FIG. 17. However, if a blockage occurs in a nozzle device, as indicated in FIG. 10, the paddle 27 and, as a consequence, the actuator arm 28 will be restrained from moving to the normal full extent that would be required to eject ink from the nozzle. As a consequence, the normal full actuator arm movement will not occur and contact will not be made between the moving and fixed contact elements 37 and 39.
  • If such contact is not made with passage of current pulses of the predetermined duration tp through the actuating arm, it might be concluded that a blockage has occurred within the nozzle device. This might then be remedied by passing a further current pulse through the actuating arm 28, with the further pulse having an energy level significantly greater than that which would normally be passed through the actuating arm. If this serves to remove the blockage ink ejection as indicated in FIG. 9 will occur.
  • As an alternative, simpler, procedure toward fault detection, a single current pulse as indicated in FIG. 12 may be induced to flow through the actuator arm and detection be made simply for sufficient movement of the actuating arm to cause contact to be made between the fixed and moving contact elements.
  • Variations and modifications may be made in respect of the device as described above as a preferred embodiment of the invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A nozzle device for an inkjet printer, the nozzle device comprising:
a support structure defining an ink chamber connected to a source of ink;
a nozzle chamber for receiving ink from the ink chamber;
a nozzle opening through which ink in the nozzle chamber is ejected; and
an elongate actuating arm cantilevered relative to the support structure and terminating in a movable free end within the nozzle chamber, the actuating arm comprising an active portion connected electrically to a current source and a passive portion electrically isolated from the current source, wherein
the passive portion is mechanically coupled to the active portion via at least one separating element, whereby differential expansion between the active and passive portions causes the actuating arm to bend and the free end of the actuating arm to move within the nozzle chamber to eject ink therein through the nozzle opening, and
the elongate actuating arm divides the nozzle chamber from the ink chamber.
2. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a movement sensor for determining the degree or rate of pivotal movement of the actuating arm.
3. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the movement sensor comprises a movable contact element extending from the active portion, and a fixed contact element extending from the support structure in a position, the movable contact element adapted to contact the fixed contact element upon activation of the current source.
4. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the active portion is substantially U-shaped and the movable contact element is located proximal to the centre of the active portion.
5. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the free ends of the active portion define a pair of enlarged contacts.
6. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle chamber comprises:
a static portion extending from the support structure, defining the nozzle opening; and
a movable wall portion mounted to the cantilevered actuating arm between the fixed and free ends of the actuating arm.
7. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the static formation extends from the support structure towards the actuating arm at a location proximal to the movable wall portion, the static formation impeding the escape of ink from within the nozzle chamber during actuation of the actuating arm, whereby an ink meniscus is formed between the static formation and the actuating arm.
8. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the static formation defines a bent free end which bends away from the nozzle chamber.
9. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the support structure defines a well located in alignment with the bent free end, the well collecting any escaped ink from the nozzle chamber.
10. A nozzle device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free end of the actuating arm comprises a paddle spanning the nozzle chamber.
US12/626,930 1999-06-30 2009-11-29 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm Abandoned US20100073429A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/626,930 US20100073429A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2009-11-29 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ1309A AUPQ130999A0 (en) 1999-06-30 1999-06-30 A method and apparatus (IJ47V11)
AUPQ1309 1999-06-30
US09/575,175 US6629745B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Fault detection in a micro electro-mechanical device
US10/636,273 US6802587B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-08-08 Micro electro-mechanical device having an integrated movement sensor
US10/949,346 US6969142B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-09-27 Method of detecting a fault condition in a micro-electromechanical device
US11/165,198 US7128093B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-24 MEMS fluid ejection device configured for detecting a fault condition
US11/339,493 US7210666B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-01-26 Fluid ejection device with inner and outer arms
US11/730,786 US7635177B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with cantilevered actuating arm
US12/626,930 US20100073429A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2009-11-29 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/730,786 Continuation US7635177B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with cantilevered actuating arm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100073429A1 true US20100073429A1 (en) 2010-03-25

Family

ID=3815498

Family Applications (41)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/575,175 Expired - Fee Related US6629745B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Fault detection in a micro electro-mechanical device
US09/575,151 Expired - Fee Related US6322194B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Calibrating a micro electro-mechanical device
US09/575,190 Expired - Fee Related US6540319B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Movement sensor in a micro electro-mechanical device
US10/303,350 Expired - Fee Related US6733104B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2002-11-23 Micro mechanical device fault detection
US10/636,273 Expired - Fee Related US6802587B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-08-08 Micro electro-mechanical device having an integrated movement sensor
US10/636,257 Expired - Fee Related US6997534B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-08-08 Detecting faults in a micro electro mechanical device utilising a single current pulse
US10/841,534 Expired - Fee Related US6921145B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Over actuation detection in a micro electromechanical device
US10/841,512 Expired - Fee Related US6929345B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Testing for correct operation of micro electromechanical device
US10/841,504 Expired - Fee Related US6811242B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Fault detection in a micro mechanical device
US10/841,571 Expired - Fee Related US6890052B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Under actuation detection in a micro electromechanical device
US10/841,572 Expired - Fee Related US7021747B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Method of removing a blockage in a micro electronmechanical device
US10/949,346 Expired - Fee Related US6969142B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-09-27 Method of detecting a fault condition in a micro-electromechanical device
US10/949,356 Expired - Fee Related US6910755B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-09-27 Micro-electromechanical fluid ejection device having an integrated movement sensor
US10/963,559 Expired - Fee Related US6997537B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-10-14 Method of detecting a fault in a micro-electromechanical device
US10/968,121 Expired - Fee Related US7004567B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-10-20 Micro-electromechanical device with built-in fault detection
US11/001,025 Expired - Fee Related US7210759B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-12-02 Testing regime for a micro-electromechanical device
US11/030,875 Expired - Fee Related US7163276B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-01-10 Testing of a micro-electromechanical device for under actuation
US11/124,348 Expired - Fee Related US7328977B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-05-09 Inkjet printhead with micro-electromechanical fluid ejection devices having integrated movement sensors
US11/144,806 Expired - Fee Related US7025436B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-06 Method of detecting a blockage within an inkjet nozzle
US11/155,634 Expired - Fee Related US7093920B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-20 Method of detecting over-actuation of MEM device
US11/165,198 Expired - Fee Related US7128093B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-24 MEMS fluid ejection device configured for detecting a fault condition
US11/231,857 Expired - Fee Related US7093921B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-09-22 Micro-electromechanical actuating mechanism with built-in test circuit
US11/250,457 Expired - Fee Related US7147297B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-10-17 Ink jet nozzle arrangement that incorporates a movement sensor
US11/339,493 Expired - Fee Related US7210666B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-01-26 Fluid ejection device with inner and outer arms
US11/485,255 Expired - Fee Related US7467842B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-07-13 Ink jet nozzle assembly with over-actuation detection
US11/585,964 Expired - Fee Related US7325901B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-10-25 Ink jet nozzle arrangement incorporating mechanically coupled bend actuator arms
US11/635,535 Expired - Fee Related US7465011B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-12-08 Thermal bend actuator arrangement with a diagnostic sensor
US11/730,785 Expired - Fee Related US7661795B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with static and movable nozzle portions
US11/730,786 Expired - Fee Related US7635177B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with cantilevered actuating arm
US11/951,940 Expired - Fee Related US7470005B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-12-06 Nozzle arrangement with a movement sensor for an inkjet printer
US11/961,662 Expired - Fee Related US7802873B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-12-20 Nozzle arrangement with a movement sensor for an inkjet printer
US12/276,360 Expired - Fee Related US7669977B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-23 Nozzle device with expansive chamber-defining layer
US12/277,293 Expired - Fee Related US7695092B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-24 Nozzle device with movement sensor
US12/324,725 Expired - Fee Related US7703875B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-26 Printing nozzle arrangement having movement sensor
US12/626,930 Abandoned US20100073429A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2009-11-29 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Cantilevered Actuating Arm
US12/702,192 Abandoned US20100141710A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-02-08 Nozzle Device With Expansive Chamber-Defining Layer
US12/702,157 Abandoned US20100134565A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-02-08 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Static And Movable Nozzle Chamber Portions
US12/750,610 Expired - Fee Related US7980661B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-03-30 Nozzle device incorporating movement sensor
US12/765,757 Expired - Fee Related US7938514B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-04-22 Printing nozzle having fault sensor
US13/078,998 Expired - Fee Related US8038252B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-04-03 Method of detecting MEM device faults with single current pulse
US13/252,187 Expired - Fee Related US8317301B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-10-03 Printing nozzle arrangement having fault detector

Family Applications Before (34)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/575,175 Expired - Fee Related US6629745B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Fault detection in a micro electro-mechanical device
US09/575,151 Expired - Fee Related US6322194B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Calibrating a micro electro-mechanical device
US09/575,190 Expired - Fee Related US6540319B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2000-05-23 Movement sensor in a micro electro-mechanical device
US10/303,350 Expired - Fee Related US6733104B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2002-11-23 Micro mechanical device fault detection
US10/636,273 Expired - Fee Related US6802587B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-08-08 Micro electro-mechanical device having an integrated movement sensor
US10/636,257 Expired - Fee Related US6997534B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2003-08-08 Detecting faults in a micro electro mechanical device utilising a single current pulse
US10/841,534 Expired - Fee Related US6921145B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Over actuation detection in a micro electromechanical device
US10/841,512 Expired - Fee Related US6929345B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Testing for correct operation of micro electromechanical device
US10/841,504 Expired - Fee Related US6811242B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Fault detection in a micro mechanical device
US10/841,571 Expired - Fee Related US6890052B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Under actuation detection in a micro electromechanical device
US10/841,572 Expired - Fee Related US7021747B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-05-10 Method of removing a blockage in a micro electronmechanical device
US10/949,346 Expired - Fee Related US6969142B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-09-27 Method of detecting a fault condition in a micro-electromechanical device
US10/949,356 Expired - Fee Related US6910755B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-09-27 Micro-electromechanical fluid ejection device having an integrated movement sensor
US10/963,559 Expired - Fee Related US6997537B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-10-14 Method of detecting a fault in a micro-electromechanical device
US10/968,121 Expired - Fee Related US7004567B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-10-20 Micro-electromechanical device with built-in fault detection
US11/001,025 Expired - Fee Related US7210759B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-12-02 Testing regime for a micro-electromechanical device
US11/030,875 Expired - Fee Related US7163276B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-01-10 Testing of a micro-electromechanical device for under actuation
US11/124,348 Expired - Fee Related US7328977B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-05-09 Inkjet printhead with micro-electromechanical fluid ejection devices having integrated movement sensors
US11/144,806 Expired - Fee Related US7025436B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-06 Method of detecting a blockage within an inkjet nozzle
US11/155,634 Expired - Fee Related US7093920B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-20 Method of detecting over-actuation of MEM device
US11/165,198 Expired - Fee Related US7128093B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-06-24 MEMS fluid ejection device configured for detecting a fault condition
US11/231,857 Expired - Fee Related US7093921B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-09-22 Micro-electromechanical actuating mechanism with built-in test circuit
US11/250,457 Expired - Fee Related US7147297B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2005-10-17 Ink jet nozzle arrangement that incorporates a movement sensor
US11/339,493 Expired - Fee Related US7210666B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-01-26 Fluid ejection device with inner and outer arms
US11/485,255 Expired - Fee Related US7467842B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-07-13 Ink jet nozzle assembly with over-actuation detection
US11/585,964 Expired - Fee Related US7325901B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-10-25 Ink jet nozzle arrangement incorporating mechanically coupled bend actuator arms
US11/635,535 Expired - Fee Related US7465011B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2006-12-08 Thermal bend actuator arrangement with a diagnostic sensor
US11/730,785 Expired - Fee Related US7661795B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with static and movable nozzle portions
US11/730,786 Expired - Fee Related US7635177B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-04-04 Inkjet nozzle device with cantilevered actuating arm
US11/951,940 Expired - Fee Related US7470005B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-12-06 Nozzle arrangement with a movement sensor for an inkjet printer
US11/961,662 Expired - Fee Related US7802873B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2007-12-20 Nozzle arrangement with a movement sensor for an inkjet printer
US12/276,360 Expired - Fee Related US7669977B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-23 Nozzle device with expansive chamber-defining layer
US12/277,293 Expired - Fee Related US7695092B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-24 Nozzle device with movement sensor
US12/324,725 Expired - Fee Related US7703875B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2008-11-26 Printing nozzle arrangement having movement sensor

Family Applications After (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/702,192 Abandoned US20100141710A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-02-08 Nozzle Device With Expansive Chamber-Defining Layer
US12/702,157 Abandoned US20100134565A1 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-02-08 Inkjet Nozzle Device With Static And Movable Nozzle Chamber Portions
US12/750,610 Expired - Fee Related US7980661B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-03-30 Nozzle device incorporating movement sensor
US12/765,757 Expired - Fee Related US7938514B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2010-04-22 Printing nozzle having fault sensor
US13/078,998 Expired - Fee Related US8038252B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-04-03 Method of detecting MEM device faults with single current pulse
US13/252,187 Expired - Fee Related US8317301B2 (en) 1999-06-30 2011-10-03 Printing nozzle arrangement having fault detector

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US (41) US6629745B1 (en)
EP (3) EP1206352B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4388251B2 (en)
CN (4) CN1270897C (en)
AT (3) ATE314306T1 (en)
AU (1) AUPQ130999A0 (en)
BR (1) BR0011991A (en)
CA (4) CA2414734C (en)
DE (3) DE60039436D1 (en)
HK (1) HK1047572A1 (en)
IL (2) IL147357A0 (en)
MX (1) MXPA02000179A (en)
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