US223565A - Lining for molds for metals - Google Patents
Lining for molds for metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US223565A US223565A US223565DA US223565A US 223565 A US223565 A US 223565A US 223565D A US223565D A US 223565DA US 223565 A US223565 A US 223565A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- dolomite
- molds
- mold
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
Definitions
- Linings for Molds for Metal of which the following is a specificahole inner surfaces of the molds, which may be effected by dipping the molds therein when the latter are, as I prefer, made in sections. Under other circumstances the Wash may be applied by a brush, or in any manner which will cover the surface with the wash.
- Another mode of applying the dolomite is to evaporate the water from the wash until the mass becomes a paste about as thick as putty, and then subject slices of it to a pressure-say ten thousand (10,000) pounds per square inch then letthese slabs air-dry completely.
- the material thus formed may be held in a desired position in any suitable manner to form the interior surface of the whole or a portion of the molds. l esteem it especially important to thus line the bottoms of large ingot-molds where the melted steel is allowed to fall with great violence from a high point. If allowed to strike on the iron of the mold it is liable to cut into it; but if guarded with my dolomite lining it will remain for an indefinite period.
- the dolomite possesses the property, which is particularly important in steel-molding, of neutralizing the tendency to form gas, which is incident to the molding of steel within metallic inclosures or molds.
- the thin dolomite wash which is, in short, a whitewash made from magnesian lime, may be formed of magnesian lime and suflicient water to form a liquid thin enough to be spread with a brush.
- the calcined dolomite should, of course, be in the condition of quicklime not previously air-slaked.
- I can simply evaporate the water and press and dry the wash, as above indicated, or, as I prefer, dry it before pressure, and grind and thoroughly knead it with crude petroleum. This being made of the proper consistency is then subjected to strong pressure and reduced to the shapes desired, and subsequently air-dried.
- One of these slabs should be laid in the bottom of an ingot-mold before pouring, and a similar one may be put on the top of the fluid metal'so soon as the pouring is completed.
- the ingot is to be compressed in the fluid state the set or top piece is applied upon the dolomite slab thus rested upon the top of the metal.
- the metal mold may be coated with the wash, or wholly or partly lined with the thin slabs, or both these steps may be taken. It is especially important to give the increased thickness due to the slabs in cases where, like the base of an ingot-mold, the material of the mold is subject to the impact of a stream of melted steel.
- My dolomite lining in either form may be applied in molding any metals, though I do not esteem the use for other metals as important as for steel.
- the carbon in my dolomite wash or plate will in tercede and arrest the combination and reaction with the elements of the mold, and the molten mass will be free from the gases resulting from reactions; also, the carbon Will be a uniform per cent. throughout the entire mass. I know of nothing so well adapted for that purpose as the carbonate procured by burning dolomitic limestone and applying in the manner shown.
- dolomite to mean a magnesian limestone, such as commonly occurs in naturea mixture or combination of the car bonates of lime and magnesia, having the crystalline form of calX-spar. I prefer the most common proportions, those in which the carbonates unite in the proportions of single equivalents.
- a metallic mold faced on its inner surface with dolomite, so as to serve as herein speci ii ed.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE WEBB, OF JOHNSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.
LINING FOR MOLDS FOR METALS.
SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 223,565, dated January 13, 1880.
Application filed October 8, 1879.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it knownthat I, GEORGE WEBB, ofJohnstown, Uambria county, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful,
Improvements relating to Linings for Molds for Metal, of which the following is a specificahole inner surfaces of the molds, which may be effected by dipping the molds therein when the latter are, as I prefer, made in sections. Under other circumstances the Wash may be applied by a brush, or in any manner which will cover the surface with the wash.
Another mode of applying the dolomite is to evaporate the water from the wash until the mass becomes a paste about as thick as putty, and then subject slices of it to a pressure-say ten thousand (10,000) pounds per square inch then letthese slabs air-dry completely. The material thus formed may be held in a desired position in any suitable manner to form the interior surface of the whole or a portion of the molds. l esteem it especially important to thus line the bottoms of large ingot-molds where the melted steel is allowed to fall with great violence from a high point. If allowed to strike on the iron of the mold it is liable to cut into it; but if guarded with my dolomite lining it will remain for an indefinite period.
111. any mode of using it the dolomite possesses the property, which is particularly important in steel-molding, of neutralizing the tendency to form gas, which is incident to the molding of steel within metallic inclosures or molds. v
For some reason, not yet fully ascertained, there is a strong tendency in melted steel to form bubbles or pipings near the surfaces. It seems that the gas which causes these pipings is the result of a reactionof the carbon in the melted steel when it contacts with the silicon in the metal of the mold. My dolomite wash tends greatly to prevent this. The presence of dolomite in thin sheets has a similar effect. p
The thin dolomite wash, which is, in short, a whitewash made from magnesian lime, may be formed of magnesian lime and suflicient water to form a liquid thin enough to be spread with a brush. The calcined dolomite should, of course, be in the condition of quicklime not previously air-slaked. I To produce the slabs, I can simply evaporate the water and press and dry the wash, as above indicated, or, as I prefer, dry it before pressure, and grind and thoroughly knead it with crude petroleum. This being made of the proper consistency is then subjected to strong pressure and reduced to the shapes desired, and subsequently air-dried. One of these slabs should be laid in the bottom of an ingot-mold before pouring, and a similar one may be put on the top of the fluid metal'so soon as the pouring is completed. When, as I prefer, the ingot is to be compressed in the fluid state the set or top piece is applied upon the dolomite slab thus rested upon the top of the metal.
In casting shapes, as railroad-car wheels, or other articles of steel, the metal mold may be coated with the wash, or wholly or partly lined with the thin slabs, or both these steps may be taken. It is especially important to give the increased thickness due to the slabs in cases where, like the base of an ingot-mold, the material of the mold is subject to the impact of a stream of melted steel.
My dolomite lining in either form may be applied in molding any metals, though I do not esteem the use for other metals as important as for steel.
Modifications may be made in some of the details. I can use naphtha, or various petroleum products, light and heavy, even paraffine under proper conditions, to mingle with the fine dolomite in the slabs. I also believe those oils may be used with proper precautions in forming the wash to be stuck directly upon the inner face of the mold. l
The theory of the action is not essential so long as the improvement is realized in the manner above stated; but I will state my belief. The carbon of the dolomite (and petroleum Where the latter is used) preserves the carbon of the steel from attack by the one half (e) to three and a half (3%) per cent. of silicon in the east-iron of the mold.
In producing steel by cementing, it is found that as the carbon travels into the mass of 'wrought-iron whenever it arrives where silicates are located a reaction occurs, which will rend apart the solid iron, and the steel produced is blistered in exact proportion to the amount of such silicates located in spots in that iron.
There is very little piping in casting iron if careful treatment is observed; but in steel no amount of care will wholly prevent piping. Casting steel in sand molds, unless a large amountofsilicon beyond the carbon units isleft in the steel, is sure to result in a porous mass. The only cheap and practicable matrix yet found to cast steel in is cast-iron. \Vith this pipings will exist near the surface.
Comparing the difference between melted steel and melted iron, two ingredients in the iron are almost absent in the steel. The silicon is about all gone, and, say, about ninetenths of the carbon is gone. The iron casts sound; the steel casts porous.
It seems that the gas forming pipings is generated by the combination and reaction of silicon from the iron mold with the carbon in the steel, and that when the silicon is all absent from the steel the pipings are in inverse ratio to the carbon in the steelthe more carbon the less pipings. I therefore conclude we ought to have a surplusof carbon placed between the fluid steel and the silicon in the iron mold.
The carbon in my dolomite wash or plate will in tercede and arrest the combination and reaction with the elements of the mold, and the molten mass will be free from the gases resulting from reactions; also, the carbon Will be a uniform per cent. throughout the entire mass. I know of nothing so well adapted for that purpose as the carbonate procured by burning dolomitic limestone and applying in the manner shown.
I use the term dolomite to mean a magnesian limestone, such as commonly occurs in naturea mixture or combination of the car bonates of lime and magnesia, having the crystalline form of calX-spar. I prefer the most common proportions, those in which the carbonates unite in the proportions of single equivalents.
I claim as my invention 1. A metallic mold faced on its inner surface with dolomite, so as to serve as herein speci ii ed.
2. A mold coated on its interior with a mix ture of dolomite and water, of the consistency Set forth.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 3d day of October, 1879, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
GEO. YVEBB.
\Vitnesses:
A. lllONTGOiWIERY, DAVID McABEE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US223565A true US223565A (en) | 1880-01-13 |
Family
ID=2292956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US223565D Expired - Lifetime US223565A (en) | Lining for molds for metals |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US223565A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2517802A (en) * | 1945-12-17 | 1950-08-08 | George A Rubissow | Method for making molds |
US2809117A (en) * | 1953-03-10 | 1957-10-08 | Eaton Mfg Co | Sand core coating composition |
US3058735A (en) * | 1960-01-28 | 1962-10-16 | William H Shields | Tapping rod with lime coating |
US20040006511A1 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-08 | Interchange Corp. | Methods and sytem for a distributed transaction control system in enhanced directory assistance services |
US20050119957A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-06-02 | Scott Faber | Method and apparatus for prioritizing a listing of information providers |
-
0
- US US223565D patent/US223565A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2517802A (en) * | 1945-12-17 | 1950-08-08 | George A Rubissow | Method for making molds |
US2809117A (en) * | 1953-03-10 | 1957-10-08 | Eaton Mfg Co | Sand core coating composition |
US3058735A (en) * | 1960-01-28 | 1962-10-16 | William H Shields | Tapping rod with lime coating |
US20040006511A1 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-08 | Interchange Corp. | Methods and sytem for a distributed transaction control system in enhanced directory assistance services |
US20050119957A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2005-06-02 | Scott Faber | Method and apparatus for prioritizing a listing of information providers |
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