US2759092A - Electrical heating unit and process of making the same - Google Patents

Electrical heating unit and process of making the same Download PDF

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US2759092A
US2759092A US382282A US38228253A US2759092A US 2759092 A US2759092 A US 2759092A US 382282 A US382282 A US 382282A US 38228253 A US38228253 A US 38228253A US 2759092 A US2759092 A US 2759092A
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wire
unit
fabric
electrical heating
clamps
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US382282A
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Fortin Paul Robert
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335Product by special process
    • Y10S428/939Molten or fused coating
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082Resistor making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083Heater type
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49174Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
    • Y10T29/4995Nonthreaded
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956Riveting
    • Y10T29/49957At least one part nonmetallic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12444Embodying fibers interengaged or between layers [e.g., paper, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical heating units and woven wire type adapted for use in an electricalbrea'd toaster.
  • iObjects of the invention are .an increase in the "-heat -radiating efiiciency of electrical heating units for toasters, a decrease in-the time requiredforsuch.aunit to attain' maxh mum temperature afterenergizati'on and a siinpqifica-tion :ofthe structure and method :of: making such unit'sthe'reby to facilitate quantity production and a reduction in the cost of such units.
  • This invention is an electrical woven wire heating unit comprising a glass yarn warp, a wire woof and a clamp of conductive material at each end of the conductive fabric fixing the end of the fabric therein, the clamps being designed to serve as electrical connecting terminals for the unit and also as rigid mounting elements for mounting the unit in an electrical bread toaster or other electrical appliance for use in which such a unit is adapted.
  • a feature of the invention is an electrical woven wire heating unit as described in the preceding paragraph comprising a single continuous fine wire of low resistance material interwoven with a glass yarn warp, the wire being nickel or chrome plated to increase its heat radiating efficiency and to increase its life without substantial change in resistivity, the plating being a light plating so as not to materially increase the resistivity of the wire and so as not to make the wire brittle.
  • the size of the wire is selected to produce a heating unit of desired resistance and power rating when connected to a power supply of standard voltage. The high radiating efiiciency and low mass of this unit result in rapid heating and cooling of the unit.
  • a further feature of the invention is the process of making electrical heating units comprising the interweaving of a continuous wire conductor through threads of glass yarn to form a ribbon of electro-conductive fabric, successively attaching opposing metal plates across the ribbon at spaced positions to clamp the ends of desired lengths of ribbon therebetween, and cutting the ribbon between adjacent clamps to form electrical heating units of desired length and resistance.
  • a further feature of the invention is an electrical heating unit of the character described in the preceding paragraphs, the fabric being woven to expose a larger percentage of the wire conductor on one side of the unit than on the other side, thereby to increase the heat radiating capability of one side of the unit.
  • Thefabric may be woven in a long ribbon and then cut into ,pieces of desired length, one for each heating .unit.
  • Glass yarn threads 11 form the warp of this fabric, a single continuous wire.1'2 o'flowresistance conductive material, such as copper, being interwoven with .the glass yarn threads.
  • the wire which .is of .a .size selected .to produce .a heating .unit of desired resistance and ,power rating, when connected to a power supply of standard voltage, )is zn'idlcel or chrome plated to increase its .heatradiating aetficiency and also .to prevent deterioration which would otherwise reduce the useful life of the unit.
  • the plating is a light plating so as not to materially increase the resistivity of the wire and so as not to make the wire brittle.
  • the wire and yarn form an open mesh so as to insure maximum radiation; and, since the mass of the unit is low, it acquires maximum temperature rapidly when connected in circuit with the power supply and also cools rapidly when the power supply is disconnected therefrom.
  • the plates of clamp 10, at each end of the unit, are shown as being fixed to each other by rivets 13 but alternatively may be spot welded together.
  • the clamp plates are preferably made of steel and are nickel or chrome plated so as to have a high radiating eificiency and to minimize deterioration.
  • the clamp plates may be flat as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5 or may be ribbed as are the plates 15 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the clamps 10 have suitably positioned mounting holes 14 therein as shown in Figs. 1 and 4; or, if the ends of the clamps extend beyond the fabric as shown in Fig. 4, the mounting holes may be in the extending ends.
  • the opposing plates forming a clamp may be bent over portions of a flat rectangular piece of steel as shown in the end view Fig. 2.
  • the ends of the woven wire fabric may be welded, or soldered with a high melting point solder, between the opposing clamp plates, if desired; and the lead-in conductors from the power supply may be fastened to the clamps, one at the top and the other at the bottom in like manner, if desired.
  • a continuous ribbon of the woven wire fabric for instance one thousand yards, may'be woven and the clamps 10 be aflixed in succession at the required positions on the ribbon, before cutting into units, as illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5.
  • This method eliminates the possibility of unraveling of any of the wire at the ends before the clamp is attached and lends itself to rapid and economical production.
  • Figs. 1 and 4 While the fabric illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 is a plain or tabby weave, many other standard weaves can be used, such as twill, rep, herringbone and satin.
  • the weave should be one exposing a large part of the conductive wire on one side, thereby increasing the heat radiation of the side adjacent the bread to be toasted.
  • a rectangular electrical heating unit comprising a piece of electro-conductive fabric having glass yarn threads interwoven by a single continuous wire of fine gauge and of low-resistance material, said wire having a light chrome plating, and chrome plated steel clamps formed by opposing plates extending along the top and bottom edges of said piece of fabric, the opposing plates of each clamp being fixed together to clamp the fabric therebetween, said clamps constituting connecting terminals for connection to a power supply and being formed to enable mounting on a supporting structure.
  • a rectangular electrical heating unit comprising a piece of electro-conductive fabric having glass yarn threads interwoven by a single continuous wire of line gauge and of low-resistance material, said wire having a light nickel plating, and nickel plated steel clamps formed by opposing plates extending along the top and bottom edges of said piece of fabric, the opposing plates of each clamp being fixed together to clamp the fabric therebetween, said clamps constituting connecting terminals for connection to a power supply, said clamps being formed with mounting holes therein to enable attachment to a supporting structure with the piece of fabric stretched therebetween.

Description

Aug. 14, 1956 P. R. FORTIN 2,759,092
ELECTRICAL HEATING UNIT AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Sept. 25, 1955 INVENTOR.
Maw
particularly to heating units of the iinited States Patent ELECTRICAL HEATING AND PROIZESS 39F THESAME Paul "Robert .Forfin, "Baldwin, N. Y. Application September 25., 1953,1'S'erialNo. "3 82,2582 3"Claims. (Cl. 219-46) This invention relates to electrical heating units and woven wire type adapted for use in an electricalbrea'd toaster.
iObjects of the invention are .an increase in the "-heat -radiating efiiciency of electrical heating units for toasters, a decrease in-the time requiredforsuch.aunit to attain' maxh mum temperature afterenergizati'on and a siinpqifica-tion :ofthe structure and method :of: making such unit'sthe'reby to facilitate quantity production and a reduction in the cost of such units.
This invention is an electrical woven wire heating unit comprising a glass yarn warp, a wire woof and a clamp of conductive material at each end of the conductive fabric fixing the end of the fabric therein, the clamps being designed to serve as electrical connecting terminals for the unit and also as rigid mounting elements for mounting the unit in an electrical bread toaster or other electrical appliance for use in which such a unit is adapted.
A feature of the invention is an electrical woven wire heating unit as described in the preceding paragraph comprising a single continuous fine wire of low resistance material interwoven with a glass yarn warp, the wire being nickel or chrome plated to increase its heat radiating efficiency and to increase its life without substantial change in resistivity, the plating being a light plating so as not to materially increase the resistivity of the wire and so as not to make the wire brittle. The size of the wire is selected to produce a heating unit of desired resistance and power rating when connected to a power supply of standard voltage. The high radiating efiiciency and low mass of this unit result in rapid heating and cooling of the unit.
A further feature of the invention is the process of making electrical heating units comprising the interweaving of a continuous wire conductor through threads of glass yarn to form a ribbon of electro-conductive fabric, successively attaching opposing metal plates across the ribbon at spaced positions to clamp the ends of desired lengths of ribbon therebetween, and cutting the ribbon between adjacent clamps to form electrical heating units of desired length and resistance.
A further feature of the invention is an electrical heating unit of the character described in the preceding paragraphs, the fabric being woven to expose a larger percentage of the wire conductor on one side of the unit than on the other side, thereby to increase the heat radiating capability of one side of the unit.
A clear and complete understanding of the invention will be facilitated by describing a heating unit embodying the invention and its features, one such unit particularly designed for use in an electrical bread toaster being shown in the drawing. The invention is not limited to the specific structure shown and is generally applicable to woven wire electrical heating units. Though a simple plain or tabby weave is shown, the invention is not limited to this Weave. Any other suitable known weave, such as twill, rep, herringbone, satin etc., can be used, a weave which exposes more of the conductive wire one side of the Z ,75 9,092 Patented .Aug. 14, .1956
tween the opposing plates of clamps 10. Thefabricmay be woven in a long ribbon and then cut into ,pieces of desired length, one for each heating .unit. Glass yarn threads 11 :form the warp of this fabric, a single continuous wire.1'2 o'flowresistance conductive material, such as copper, being interwoven with .the glass yarn threads. The wire, which .is of .a .size selected .to produce .a heating .unit of desired resistance and ,power rating, when connected to a power supply of standard voltage, )is zn'idlcel or chrome plated to increase its .heatradiating aetficiency and also .to prevent deterioration which would otherwise reduce the useful life of the unit. The plating is a light plating so as not to materially increase the resistivity of the wire and so as not to make the wire brittle. The wire and yarn form an open mesh so as to insure maximum radiation; and, since the mass of the unit is low, it acquires maximum temperature rapidly when connected in circuit with the power supply and also cools rapidly when the power supply is disconnected therefrom.
The plates of clamp 10, at each end of the unit, are shown as being fixed to each other by rivets 13 but alternatively may be spot welded together. The clamp plates are preferably made of steel and are nickel or chrome plated so as to have a high radiating eificiency and to minimize deterioration. The clamp plates may be flat as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5 or may be ribbed as are the plates 15 shown in Fig. 3. The clamps 10 have suitably positioned mounting holes 14 therein as shown in Figs. 1 and 4; or, if the ends of the clamps extend beyond the fabric as shown in Fig. 4, the mounting holes may be in the extending ends. Further, the opposing plates forming a clamp may be bent over portions of a flat rectangular piece of steel as shown in the end view Fig. 2. The ends of the woven wire fabric may be welded, or soldered with a high melting point solder, between the opposing clamp plates, if desired; and the lead-in conductors from the power supply may be fastened to the clamps, one at the top and the other at the bottom in like manner, if desired.
To facilitate and simplify the quantity production of heating units as shown in Fig. 1, a continuous ribbon of the woven wire fabric, for instance one thousand yards, may'be woven and the clamps 10 be aflixed in succession at the required positions on the ribbon, before cutting into units, as illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5. This method eliminates the possibility of unraveling of any of the wire at the ends before the clamp is attached and lends itself to rapid and economical production.
While the fabric illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 is a plain or tabby weave, many other standard weaves can be used, such as twill, rep, herringbone and satin. For heating units particularly designed for use in electrical bread toasters, the weave should be one exposing a large part of the conductive wire on one side, thereby increasing the heat radiation of the side adjacent the bread to be toasted.
The invention and its features are not limited to the specific form and details of structure shown and described above but include equivalents within the spirit of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A rectangular electrical heating unit comprising a piece of electro-conductive fabric having glass yarn threads interwoven by a single continuous wire of fine gauge and of low-resistance material, said wire having a light chrome plating, and chrome plated steel clamps formed by opposing plates extending along the top and bottom edges of said piece of fabric, the opposing plates of each clamp being fixed together to clamp the fabric therebetween, said clamps constituting connecting terminals for connection to a power supply and being formed to enable mounting on a supporting structure.
2. A rectangular electrical heating unit comprising a piece of electro-conductive fabric having glass yarn threads interwoven by a single continuous wire of line gauge and of low-resistance material, said wire having a light nickel plating, and nickel plated steel clamps formed by opposing plates extending along the top and bottom edges of said piece of fabric, the opposing plates of each clamp being fixed together to clamp the fabric therebetween, said clamps constituting connecting terminals for connection to a power supply, said clamps being formed with mounting holes therein to enable attachment to a supporting structure with the piece of fabric stretched therebetween.
3. The process of making rectangular woven wire electrieal heating units having a desired resistance and power rating consisting of interweaving a continuous wire conductor of desired size through threads of glass yarn to form an electro-conductive fabric, the pattern of the weave being such as to expose a larger part of the surface of the wire on one side of the fabric than on the other, successively fixing to each other opposing rigid metal plates at spaced positions along the ribbon, the opposing plates being on opposite sides of the ribbon to clamp the ends of desired lengths of the ribbon therebetween, and cutting the ribbon between adjacent clamps to form separate heating units of desired length, the clamps of each unit serving as electrical terminals for the ends of the wire conductor and as mounting plates for supporting the unit in desired operative position.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,162,363 Ingersoll Nov. 30, 1915 1,578,326 Larson Mar. 30, 1926 2,375,997 Larson May 15, 1945 2,381,218 Jacob Aug. 7, 1945 2,396,099 Hartwell Mar. 5, 1946 2,433,239 Rasero Dec. 23, 1947 2,522,542 Schaefer Sept. 19, 1950 2,559,077 Johnson et a1 July 3, 1951
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2915609A (en) * 1957-10-23 1959-12-01 Chase Shawmut Co Fusible protective devices
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3341942A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-09-19 United States Gypsum Co Method of making a stable electricallyconductive sheet and product thereof
US4020315A (en) * 1972-02-07 1977-04-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Method of welding mounting members to a wire
US4025893A (en) * 1972-10-13 1977-05-24 Patentkonsortiet Robert Meinich & Co. Continuous web consisting of resistance foil material between two insulating foil layers and method for the production of such webs
US4063069A (en) * 1976-03-03 1977-12-13 Menachem Peeri Electrically heatable floor carpet
US4121093A (en) * 1975-11-29 1978-10-17 Heat Trace Limited Surface heating equipment
US4682010A (en) * 1983-03-07 1987-07-21 Safeway Products, Inc. In-line electric heater for an aerosol delivery system
US4687911A (en) * 1985-06-27 1987-08-18 Btu Engineering Corporation Electric furnace heater
US4845838A (en) * 1981-04-02 1989-07-11 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4951384A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-08-28 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4951382A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-08-28 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4955267A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-09-11 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US5140297A (en) * 1981-04-02 1992-08-18 Raychem Corporation PTC conductive polymer compositions
US5195013A (en) * 1981-04-02 1993-03-16 Raychem Corporation PTC conductive polymer compositions
US5227946A (en) * 1981-04-02 1993-07-13 Raychem Corporation Electrical device comprising a PTC conductive polymer

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1162363A (en) * 1915-04-30 1915-11-30 Ingersoll Electric Vaporizor Co Electric heater.
US1578326A (en) * 1925-03-07 1926-03-30 States Company Resistor
US2375997A (en) * 1944-06-03 1945-05-15 Werner J Larson Method of making woven resistance units
US2381218A (en) * 1944-05-30 1945-08-07 Benjamin Liebowitz Pile fabric
US2396099A (en) * 1944-02-24 1946-03-05 Metal Textile Corp Electrical resistance and method of producing same
US2433239A (en) * 1945-06-23 1947-12-23 Russell Mfg Co Electroconductive fabric and process of making the same
US2522542A (en) * 1948-07-02 1950-09-19 Schaefer Joseph Heavy current resistor
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1162363A (en) * 1915-04-30 1915-11-30 Ingersoll Electric Vaporizor Co Electric heater.
US1578326A (en) * 1925-03-07 1926-03-30 States Company Resistor
US2396099A (en) * 1944-02-24 1946-03-05 Metal Textile Corp Electrical resistance and method of producing same
US2381218A (en) * 1944-05-30 1945-08-07 Benjamin Liebowitz Pile fabric
US2375997A (en) * 1944-06-03 1945-05-15 Werner J Larson Method of making woven resistance units
US2433239A (en) * 1945-06-23 1947-12-23 Russell Mfg Co Electroconductive fabric and process of making the same
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same
US2522542A (en) * 1948-07-02 1950-09-19 Schaefer Joseph Heavy current resistor

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2915609A (en) * 1957-10-23 1959-12-01 Chase Shawmut Co Fusible protective devices
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3341942A (en) * 1964-12-24 1967-09-19 United States Gypsum Co Method of making a stable electricallyconductive sheet and product thereof
US4020315A (en) * 1972-02-07 1977-04-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Method of welding mounting members to a wire
US4025893A (en) * 1972-10-13 1977-05-24 Patentkonsortiet Robert Meinich & Co. Continuous web consisting of resistance foil material between two insulating foil layers and method for the production of such webs
US4121093A (en) * 1975-11-29 1978-10-17 Heat Trace Limited Surface heating equipment
US4063069A (en) * 1976-03-03 1977-12-13 Menachem Peeri Electrically heatable floor carpet
US4955267A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-09-11 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4845838A (en) * 1981-04-02 1989-07-11 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4951384A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-08-28 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US4951382A (en) * 1981-04-02 1990-08-28 Raychem Corporation Method of making a PTC conductive polymer electrical device
US5140297A (en) * 1981-04-02 1992-08-18 Raychem Corporation PTC conductive polymer compositions
US5195013A (en) * 1981-04-02 1993-03-16 Raychem Corporation PTC conductive polymer compositions
US5227946A (en) * 1981-04-02 1993-07-13 Raychem Corporation Electrical device comprising a PTC conductive polymer
US4682010A (en) * 1983-03-07 1987-07-21 Safeway Products, Inc. In-line electric heater for an aerosol delivery system
US4687911A (en) * 1985-06-27 1987-08-18 Btu Engineering Corporation Electric furnace heater

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