US2790438A - Earpieces for oximeters - Google Patents
Earpieces for oximeters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2790438A US2790438A US558981A US55898156A US2790438A US 2790438 A US2790438 A US 2790438A US 558981 A US558981 A US 558981A US 55898156 A US55898156 A US 55898156A US 2790438 A US2790438 A US 2790438A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- light
- denoted
- pinna
- tubular member
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000078856 Prunus padus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000916 dilatatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
- A61B5/6815—Ear
- A61B5/6816—Ear lobe
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- Figure l shows an oblique threeuarters view of a preferred embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 shows a side elevation View of the device illustrated in Figure l;
- Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the device illustrated in Figures l and 2 as it would be used in association with the pinna of the ear;
- Figure 4 shows a fragmentary cross-sectional view indicating the structure 4of the inilatable capsule
- I Figure shows a cross-sectional view ⁇ taken as at 5 5 in Figure 2;
- Figure 6 shows an oblique three-quarters partly eX- ploded view of the device.
- Figure 7 shows a circuit diagram illustrating the function of the device described herein.
- the earpiece device will be seen to have a bifurcated or clamp-shaped structure adapted to surround the pinna of the ear.
- the earpiece may be described -as consisting of a light-emitting portion, which is cylindrical in shape and a light-receiving portion of box-like appearance connected by a bracket denoted by 2.
- the pinna of the ear is denoted by 1.
- the light adapted to be transmitted through the pinna 1 ' is supplied by any convenient source, such as a small incandescent lamp shown at 3.
- Lamp 3 preferably consumes approximately one watt, which, in addition to supplying the necessary light, will provide suilicient heat to dilate the blood vessels of the pinna 1. It ⁇ is contemplated that alternating current of a frequency of, for example 30 cycles per second will be supplied to lamp 3, the reason for which will be apparent below.
- Lamp 3 is mounted in a conventional socket, shown at 4, and socket 4- is suitably held in a tubular lamp holder denoted by 5.
- Lamp holder 5 is preferably provided with a pair of flanges denoted by 6 and 7, flange 7 being at the end of ltubular member 5 and of slightly larger diameter than flange 6.
- the purpose of iianges 6 and 7 is to effect suitable mounting on bracket 2 and to this end bracket 2 is provided with a ring denoted by 8 of such internal diameter that ange 6 slides easily wihtin ring 8 but flange 7 is unable to enter the said ring.
- a set-screw denoted by 9 is threadably mounted in a suitable opening in the part of bracket 2 where the latter is formed into ring S.
- the power supply wires for lamp 3, denoted by 10 and 11, pass out of lamp holder 5 -through one or more suitable openings.
- a telescopic tubular member denoted by 12 having an internal diameter such that it is able to receive lamp holder 5 therewithin, and is able to slide freely over the said lamp holder. It is contemplated that the ends of tubular member 12 opposite lamp holder 5 will be pressed toward the pinna 1 in a manner to be described below.
- a helical spring denoted by 13 is provided inside tubular member 12, and it is preferable if spring 13 is of such size that it touches the internal walls of tubular member 12 without sticking or binding.
- spring 13 is of such size that it touches the internal walls of tubular member 12 without sticking or binding.
- a transparent window denoted by 14.V At the end of tubular member 12 opposite lamp holder 5 is a transparent window denoted by 14.V
- a slidable collar shown ⁇ at 15 is also provided of such size that it moves easily along the inner wall of tubular member 12, and it is contemplated that spring 13 will urge Window 14- and collar 15 apart thereby tending to telescopically extend tubular member 12 away from lamp holder 5.
- Attached to collar 1S is a threaded shaft denoted by 16 and shaft 16 passes loosely through an unthreaded opening in bracket 2, denoted by 17.
- a clamping nut denoted by 18, suitably threaded to engage shaft 15 is provided, and it will be apparent that when clamping nut 1S is tightened, tubular member 12 is locked between collar 15 and bracket 2.
- a slot, denoted by 19 is provided in tubular member 12 so that when clamping nut 18 is loose, tubular member 12 may be telescopically slid on lamp holder 5, and will be urged away from the said lamp holder; and alternatively, the tightening of clamping nut 18 will lock tubular member 12 in whatever position it then happens to be in relation to lamp holder 5.
- the window 14 at the end of tubular member 12 has already been referred to.
- window 14 should be so mounted in tubular member 12 that an air-tight seal is produced.
- an inatable capsule will be provided by stretching a resilient membrane over window 14 and incorporating means for supplying air under pressure to the space between the window 14 and such membrane.
- the membrane, denoted by 20 is preferably made of polyvinyl acetate plastic film which does not change its colour with age.
- Membrane 2i) is stretched over the end of tubular member 15 and secured by a fastening ring denoted by 21, which may be, for example, several strands of thread wound therearound.
- An air tube denoted by 22 communicates with the space between window 14 and membrane 20, and a iiexible tube, denoted by 23 is used to apply air under pressure to tube 22.
- the said light-receiving portion of the device in contact with which ination of membrane 20 compresses pinna 1, the said light-receiving portion consists of two housing members denoted by 24 and 25 and various components contained therein, kto be described below.
- Housing member 24 is integraly with bracket 2 and housing member 25 is attached to housing member '24 by means of capscrews denoted by 26.
- Block 27 is preferably of an acrylic resin with suitable optical properties such as Lucite which provides a significantlight-pipe effect common to such materials.
- the light-pipe elect is produced by the combination of transparency and a highly reective surface and accordingly various other materials having similar characteristics could of course be used.
- Block 27 has a forward polished face denoted by 27a forming the light-receiving aperture adapted to touch the pinna 1.
- Housing member 24 is so constructed that forward portion 27a lies flush with the surface of housing member 24facing tubular member 12.
- Block 27 also has adiagonal face denoted by 27b,the surface of n which is also polished.
- the remainder of block 27 deiined ⁇ by surfacesdenoted by 27d and 27e' is a simple rectangular prism highly polished so Vas to reflect any light falling upon its inner ⁇ surface.
- the end of block 27 opposite face 27a is denoted by 27c, and attached'to face 27e is a filter block, denoted by 28 to be described below.
- all the surfaces of block 27 have ito be fiat as opposed to rounded, otherwise thereY would be a tendency to focussing, with bright andY dull gradations of light intensity.
- the light not falling on surface 27b strikes the surface 27d over that portion of its surface which is adjacent surface 27a and by virtue of the light scattering characeristics of the block 27 is reflected downward to surface 27e and thence to filter block 28. In the result, the light reaching filter block 28 is almost completely scattered and entirely homogeneous and forms no image.
- the filter block 28 attached to block 27 will now be described.
- the filter block consists of four filter components denoted by reference numerals 28a, 28b, 28C and 28d. Integral with the said filter components are photoelectric cells denoted by 29a, 29b, 29e and 29d, respectively.
- the filter components 28a and 28d are so arranged as to provide maximum sensitivity of photoelectric cells 29a and 29d at 650 mp and filter components 28b and 28e will provide maximum sensitivity of photoelectric cells 29h and 29e at 800 mp.. It will be appreciated that it is not necessary that the sensitivity characteristics be in the exact arrangement described, and there are several obvious juxtapositions.
- Photoelectric cells 29a and 29d are connected to outlet lead 30 and photoelectric cells 29b and 29e are connected to outlet lead 31. Leads 30 and 31 are connected to amplifier means to be described below where the light transmission characteristics are interpreted in terms of degree of blood oxygenation.
- Leads 30 and 31 pass through a cable denoted by 33 which connects the earpiece to the amplifiers. Since the leads 30 and 31 carry very weak currents, it is preferable that they be shielded.
- Lines and 11 already referred to also pass through cable 33.
- Line 10 passes through an opening in housing 24, denoted by 32 and thence to lamp 3.
- Line 11 also passes through opening 32 and to the other side of lamp 3, and line 11 is connected to the body of housing 24 near where it enters cable 33.
- A-t the end of cable 33 opposite the earpiece, line 11 is suitably grounded.
- the current supply for lamp 3 is shown at 34 and furnishes an oscillating current of the order of cycles per second.
- Lead 30 is connected to an amplifier denoted by 35 and lead 31 is connected to a second amplifier denoted by 36.
- These two amplifiers are quite conventional and are similar except for one feature to be described below.
- the output of amplifier 35 is applied to a rectifier shown at 37 which is in turn connected to a vacuum-tube voltmeter the principal components of which are triode 38 and meter 39.
- a bias control shown at 40, and an associated rectifier shown at 41 are also provided.
- Amplifier 36 is similarly connected to a rectifier shown at 42, which is in turn connected to vacum-tube voltmeter elements consisting of triode 43 and meter 44.
- amplifier 35 will provide a correction for the vthicknessl of the pinna observed. Accordingly, amplifier 36'- will sense the amplitude of waves resulting from 'lighttransmitted of the order of 60 mp. (red) and ampliiierfSS will sense the amplitude of waves resulting from light transmitted of the order of 800 my. (infra red). Since the latter are not significantly affected by the degree of oxygen saturation, it is convenient -to use amplifier 35 to provide the correction for the pinna thickness.
- the pinna is first placed in the proper position as shown in Figure 3 and the membrane 20 is inflated so as to press most of the blood out of the pinna.
- Lamp 3 will then be emitting light as well as heat, and this heat will assist in dilating the blood vessels of the pinna, so as to assist in providing light transmission therethrough.
- the light passes through the pinna 1 rela-tively easily. Since the light is produced by an oscillating current of the order of 30 cycles per second, there will be produced at the photoelectric cells modulated waves of the same frequency, and these waves will be passed to amplifiers 35 and 36. Both meters 39 and 44 will normally show initial readings and bias controls 40 and 45 are then adjusted so that both meters 39 and 44 read zero.
- meter 44 After shunt 47 has been adjusted as above, meter 44 will show a changed reading, and this new reading by virtue of the calibration referred to will indicate percent oxygen saturation. It may be mentioned that the device may be continued in use for a considerable period after it has once been put in operation as described, and it is only necessary to change the setting of shunt 47 in accordance with the reading of meter 39," if necessary, to restore correct conditions, and the condition of the blood of the subject wearing the device described will be continuously indicated on meter 44.
- the device described herein has numerous advantages; it is simple and rugged in construction, simple to apply and can be used Without extensive training on the part of the operator.
- An oximeter earpiece capable of being used in as sociation with the human ear, comprising a source of light adapted to be placed on one side of a portion of the ear,
- averties a -light scattering means adapted to be placed on the opposite side ofthe said portion of the ear, said light scattering means consisting of a polished transparent block having a at surface facing said source of light, an angular face making an acute angle with said Hat surface and a rectangular prismatic section oneend of which is formed by said angular face, a bifurcated frame member attached to said source of light and to said light scattering means and photoelectric light-receiving means attached to said frame member on the same side thereof as said light scat tering means.
- said photoelectric light receiving means consists of a plurality of photoelectric cells adjacent the end of said light-scattering means opposite said angular face, and having lter means interposed between said photoelectric cells and said light scattering means.
- a device Y wherein said photoelectric light receiving means consists of a plurality of photoelectric cells one half of which have maximum sen sitivity at the region of 650 ma and the other half of which have maximum sensitivity at the region of 850 mu, said cells which have maximum sensitivity at the region of 650 my. being intel-spaced with said cells having maximum sensitivity at the region of 850 mp, and having in addition, lter means interposed between said photoelectric cells and said light scattering means.
Description
April 30, 1957 R. H. TAPLIN ETAL EARPIEcEs FOR oxIMETERs 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Jan. l5, 1956 April 30, 1957 R. H. TAPLIN ETAL 2,790,438
EARPIECES FOR OXIMETERS Filed Jan. 13, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 which, unlike the rubber capsules previously used does not change its colour with age.
The invention will now be described with the assistance of the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred embodiment is shown. It will be realized that various changes could be made in the embodiment shown and described and other apparently different embodiments of the invention could be constructed without departing from the scope thereof. Accordingly it is intended that :all matter shown in the accompanying drawings or described herein shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
In the drawings wherein like parts are denoted by identical reference numerals,
, Figure l shows an oblique threeuarters view of a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a side elevation View of the device illustrated in Figure l;
Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the device illustrated in Figures l and 2 as it would be used in association with the pinna of the ear;
' Figure 4 shows a fragmentary cross-sectional view indicating the structure 4of the inilatable capsule;
IFigure shows a cross-sectional view `taken as at 5 5 in Figure 2;
Figure 6 shows an oblique three-quarters partly eX- ploded view of the device; and
Figure 7 shows a circuit diagram illustrating the function of the device described herein.
' Referring to the accompanying drawings wherein the same reference numerals denote like parts in all figures, the earpiece device will be seen to have a bifurcated or clamp-shaped structure adapted to surround the pinna of the ear. For convenient reference the earpiece may be described -as consisting of a light-emitting portion, which is cylindrical in shape and a light-receiving portion of box-like appearance connected by a bracket denoted by 2. The pinna of the ear is denoted by 1.
The light adapted to be transmitted through the pinna 1 'is supplied by any convenient source, such as a small incandescent lamp shown at 3. Lamp 3 preferably consumes approximately one watt, which, in addition to supplying the necessary light, will provide suilicient heat to dilate the blood vessels of the pinna 1. It` is contemplated that alternating current of a frequency of, for example 30 cycles per second will be supplied to lamp 3, the reason for which will be apparent below. Lamp 3 is mounted in a conventional socket, shown at 4, and socket 4- is suitably held in a tubular lamp holder denoted by 5.
Extending from lamp holder 5 is a telescopic tubular member denoted by 12 having an internal diameter such that it is able to receive lamp holder 5 therewithin, and is able to slide freely over the said lamp holder. It is contemplated that the ends of tubular member 12 opposite lamp holder 5 will be pressed toward the pinna 1 in a manner to be described below.
A helical spring denoted by 13 is provided inside tubular member 12, and it is preferable if spring 13 is of such size that it touches the internal walls of tubular member 12 without sticking or binding. At the end of tubular member 12 opposite lamp holder 5 is a transparent window denoted by 14.V A slidable collar shown` at 15 is also provided of such size that it moves easily along the inner wall of tubular member 12, and it is contemplated that spring 13 will urge Window 14- and collar 15 apart thereby tending to telescopically extend tubular member 12 away from lamp holder 5.
Attached to collar 1S is a threaded shaft denoted by 16 and shaft 16 passes loosely through an unthreaded opening in bracket 2, denoted by 17. A clamping nut denoted by 18, suitably threaded to engage shaft 15 is provided, and it will be apparent that when clamping nut 1S is tightened, tubular member 12 is locked between collar 15 and bracket 2. A slot, denoted by 19 is provided in tubular member 12 so that when clamping nut 18 is loose, tubular member 12 may be telescopically slid on lamp holder 5, and will be urged away from the said lamp holder; and alternatively, the tightening of clamping nut 18 will lock tubular member 12 in whatever position it then happens to be in relation to lamp holder 5.
The window 14 at the end of tubular member 12 has already been referred to. For reasons which will be apparent below, window 14 should be so mounted in tubular member 12 that an air-tight seal is produced. In order to provide appropriate pressure on pinna 1, it is contemplated that an inatable capsule will be provided by stretching a resilient membrane over window 14 and incorporating means for supplying air under pressure to the space between the window 14 and such membrane. The membrane, denoted by 20 is preferably made of polyvinyl acetate plastic film which does not change its colour with age. Membrane 2i) is stretched over the end of tubular member 15 and secured by a fastening ring denoted by 21, which may be, for example, several strands of thread wound therearound. An air tube denoted by 22 communicates with the space between window 14 and membrane 20, and a iiexible tube, denoted by 23 is used to apply air under pressure to tube 22.
It will be apparent that the device disclosed above is convenient for applying the proper pressure to the pinna 1. The telescopic relationship of tubular member 12 and lamp holder S, and the action of spring 13 provides a simple manner of engaging vpinnae of a wide range of sizes. When such engagement is made, clamping nut 18 may be tightened to hold tubular member 12 in place, and appropriate air pressure can then be applied to tube 23 to compress the pinna to the required degree and to release such pressure when desired.
Referring now to the light-receiving portion of the device, in contact with which ination of membrane 20 compresses pinna 1, the said light-receiving portion consists of two housing members denoted by 24 and 25 and various components contained therein, kto be described below. Housing member 24 is integraly with bracket 2 and housing member 25 is attached to housing member '24 by means of capscrews denoted by 26.
Held within housing members 24 and 25 is a block of transparent material denoted by 27, preferably of the particular shape shown. Block 27 is preferably of an acrylic resin with suitable optical properties such as Lucite which provides a significantlight-pipe effect common to such materials. The light-pipe elect is produced by the combination of transparency and a highly reective surface and accordingly various other materials having similar characteristics could of course be used.
It is intended that the light transmitted through the pinna' will be gathered by block 27 and transmitted through a length at least three times that of the aperture diameter where the light enters block 27, with little light loss and absence of image formation.
The manner in which the light is transmitted from lamp 3 will be apparent from the foregoing description, but for greater certainty will now be `reiterated. Light from lamp 3 passes through4 window 14, membrane 20 and thence through pinna 1 where it falls upon the surface 27a of block 27. 'It will be apparent that the pinna 1 being translucent but not transparent will transmit light therethrough in such a manner that the light passes out of the pinna 1 through a solid angle of 180. Accordingly the light reaching surface 27a is passing in every direction and is necessarily scattered. A large portion of the light so transmitted falls upon surface 27b, and as a result of the characteristics of the surface 27b previously referred to, such light is further scattered. The light not falling on surface 27b strikes the surface 27d over that portion of its surface which is adjacent surface 27a and by virtue of the light scattering characeristics of the block 27 is reflected downward to surface 27e and thence to filter block 28. In the result, the light reaching filter block 28 is almost completely scattered and entirely homogeneous and forms no image.
The filter block 28 attached to block 27 will now be described. As seen in Figure 7 the filter block consists of four filter components denoted by reference numerals 28a, 28b, 28C and 28d. Integral with the said filter components are photoelectric cells denoted by 29a, 29b, 29e and 29d, respectively.
The filter components 28a and 28d are so arranged as to provide maximum sensitivity of photoelectric cells 29a and 29d at 650 mp and filter components 28b and 28e will provide maximum sensitivity of photoelectric cells 29h and 29e at 800 mp.. It will be appreciated that it is not necessary that the sensitivity characteristics be in the exact arrangement described, and there are several obvious juxtapositions. Photoelectric cells 29a and 29d are connected to outlet lead 30 and photoelectric cells 29b and 29e are connected to outlet lead 31. Leads 30 and 31 are connected to amplifier means to be described below where the light transmission characteristics are interpreted in terms of degree of blood oxygenation.
Leads 30 and 31 pass through a cable denoted by 33 which connects the earpiece to the amplifiers. Since the leads 30 and 31 carry very weak currents, it is preferable that they be shielded. Lines and 11 already referred to also pass through cable 33. Line 10 passes through an opening in housing 24, denoted by 32 and thence to lamp 3. Line 11 also passes through opening 32 and to the other side of lamp 3, and line 11 is connected to the body of housing 24 near where it enters cable 33. A-t the end of cable 33 opposite the earpiece, line 11 is suitably grounded. The current supply for lamp 3 is shown at 34 and furnishes an oscillating current of the order of cycles per second.
The output of amplifier 35 is applied to a rectifier shown at 37 which is in turn connected to a vacuum-tube voltmeter the principal components of which are triode 38 and meter 39. A bias control shown at 40, and an associated rectifier shown at 41 are also provided.
YIt will be apparent that there are two principal variables here involved, namely the thickness of the -pinna through which light is transmitted, and the attenuation of the light because of the degree of oxygen saturation. It is contemplated that the amplifier 36 will provide the means of measurement ofthe degree of oxygen saturation, and
A description of the operation of the device will illustrate the method of calibration as well as the other operational features. The pinna is first placed in the proper position as shown in Figure 3 and the membrane 20 is inflated so as to press most of the blood out of the pinna. Lamp 3 will then be emitting light as well as heat, and this heat will assist in dilating the blood vessels of the pinna, so as to assist in providing light transmission therethrough. The light passes through the pinna 1 rela-tively easily. Since the light is produced by an oscillating current of the order of 30 cycles per second, there will be produced at the photoelectric cells modulated waves of the same frequency, and these waves will be passed to amplifiers 35 and 36. Both meters 39 and 44 will normally show initial readings and bias controls 40 and 45 are then adjusted so that both meters 39 and 44 read zero.
The pressure on membrane 20 is then released and a definite reading will then be shown on meters 39 and 44. There is a-relationship between the readings of meters 39 and 44, such that a plot of V(where R47 is the resistance of shunt 47, R44 is the resistance of meter 44 and Ias is the current read at meter 39) is a straight line. That is to say, the amplifier 36 may be corrected by adjustment of shunt 47 in accordance with the reading of meter 39 to allow meter 44 `to give an indication which is independent of the thickness of pinna 1. Meter 44, by suitable calibration with the assistance of .known samples of arterial blood, the `oxygen saturation of which is determined gasometrically, can indicate percentage saturation directly.
After shunt 47 has been adjusted as above, meter 44 will show a changed reading, and this new reading by virtue of the calibration referred to will indicate percent oxygen saturation. It may be mentioned that the device may be continued in use for a considerable period after it has once been put in operation as described, and it is only necessary to change the setting of shunt 47 in accordance with the reading of meter 39," if necessary, to restore correct conditions, and the condition of the blood of the subject wearing the device described will be continuously indicated on meter 44.
It will be seen that the device described herein has numerous advantages; it is simple and rugged in construction, simple to apply and can be used Without extensive training on the part of the operator.
What is claimed is:
1. An oximeter earpiece capable of being used in as sociation with the human ear, comprising a source of light adapted to be placed on one side of a portion of the ear,
averties a -light scattering means adapted to be placed on the opposite side ofthe said portion of the ear, said light scattering means consisting of a polished transparent block having a at surface facing said source of light, an angular face making an acute angle with said Hat surface and a rectangular prismatic section oneend of which is formed by said angular face, a bifurcated frame member attached to said source of light and to said light scattering means and photoelectric light-receiving means attached to said frame member on the same side thereof as said light scat tering means.
2. A device according to claim l, wherein said photoelectric light receiving means consists of a plurality of photoelectric cells adjacent the end of said light-scattering means opposite said angular face, and having lter means interposed between said photoelectric cells and said light scattering means.
Y 3. A device according to claim 1, Ywherein said photoelectric light receiving means consists of a plurality of photoelectric cells one half of which have maximum sen sitivity at the region of 650 ma and the other half of which have maximum sensitivity at the region of 850 mu, said cells which have maximum sensitivity at the region of 650 my. being intel-spaced with said cells having maximum sensitivity at the region of 850 mp, and having in addition, lter means interposed between said photoelectric cells and said light scattering means.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,754,819 Kirschbaum July 17, 1956
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US558981A US2790438A (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-01-13 | Earpieces for oximeters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US558981A US2790438A (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-01-13 | Earpieces for oximeters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2790438A true US2790438A (en) | 1957-04-30 |
Family
ID=24231798
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US558981A Expired - Lifetime US2790438A (en) | 1956-01-13 | 1956-01-13 | Earpieces for oximeters |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2790438A (en) |
Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2967451A (en) * | 1957-04-04 | 1961-01-10 | Waters Corp | Method and apparatus for gas analysis |
US3123066A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | brumley | ||
US3136310A (en) * | 1960-01-18 | 1964-06-09 | Bausch & Lomb | Optical catheter |
US3152587A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1964-10-13 | Hellige & Co Gmbh F | Medical photometric apparatus |
US3167658A (en) * | 1961-07-17 | 1965-01-26 | Air Shields | Apparatus for use in sensing the pulse |
US3227155A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1966-01-04 | Honeywell Inc | Sphygmomanometric measuring apparatus |
US3313290A (en) * | 1963-08-14 | 1967-04-11 | Research Corp | Spectrofluorometer |
US3327117A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1967-06-20 | Ibm | Cancer cell detector using two wavelengths for comparison |
US3327119A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1967-06-20 | Ibm | Method and apparatus for detecting cancer cells |
US3463142A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-08-26 | Trw Inc | Blood content monitor |
US3511227A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1970-05-12 | Univ Utah | Measurement of blood flow using coherent radiation and doppler effect |
US3628525A (en) * | 1969-06-19 | 1971-12-21 | American Optical Corp | Blood oxygenation and pulse rate monitoring apparatus |
US3648685A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1972-03-14 | James A Hepp | Photoelectric probes for determining the density of body tissue for x-ray purposes |
US3698382A (en) * | 1970-10-15 | 1972-10-17 | William L Howell | Device for measuring veno capillary filling time |
US4086915A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1978-05-02 | Harvey I. Kofsky | Ear oximetry process and apparatus |
US4213462A (en) * | 1977-08-25 | 1980-07-22 | Nobuhiro Sato | Optical assembly for detecting an abnormality of an organ or tissue and method |
US4265227A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1981-05-05 | The Hospital And Welfare Board Of Hillsborough County | Infant extremity positioner and illuminator |
US4301808A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-11-24 | Taus Herbert G | Pulse rate monitor |
US4570638A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1986-02-18 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for spectral transmissibility examination and analysis |
US4685464A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-08-11 | Nellcor Incorporated | Durable sensor for detecting optical pulses |
US4817623A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1989-04-04 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for interpreting optical response data |
US4915116A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-04-10 | Misawa Homes Institute Of Research & Development | Fingertip pulse wave sensor |
US5140989A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1992-08-25 | Somanetics Corporation | Examination instrument for optical-response diagnostic apparatus |
WO1992020273A2 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-26 | Nim Incorporated | Measuring metabolic conditions with hemoglobinometers |
US5349961A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1994-09-27 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for in vivo optical spectroscopic examination |
US5465714A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-11-14 | Somanetics Corporation | Electro-optical sensor for spectrophotometric medical devices |
US5482034A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-01-09 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for spectrophotometric cerebral oximetry and the like |
US5584296A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1996-12-17 | Somanetics Corporation | Patient sensor for optical cerebral oximeters and the like |
US5697367A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1997-12-16 | Somanetics Corporation | Specially grounded sensor for clinical spectrophotometric procedures |
US5779631A (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1998-07-14 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Spectrophotometer for measuring the metabolic condition of a subject |
US5954053A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-09-21 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Detection of brain hematoma |
US6549795B1 (en) | 1991-05-16 | 2003-04-15 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Spectrophotometer for tissue examination |
US6745764B2 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2004-06-08 | Scott Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a conscious patient relief from pain and anxiety associated with medical or surgical procedures |
US6785568B2 (en) | 1992-05-18 | 2004-08-31 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Transcranial examination of the brain |
US20050038344A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2005-02-17 | Britton Chance | Transabdominal examination, monitoring and imaging of tissue |
US20050197583A1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2005-09-08 | Britton Chance | Detection, imaging and characterization of breast tumors |
US20050228291A1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2005-10-13 | Britton Chance | Imaging and characterization of brain tissue |
US20090062660A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2009-03-05 | Britton Chance | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions |
US20090281402A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2009-11-12 | Britton Chance | Transabdominal examination, monitoring and imaging of tissue |
US20100292588A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2010-11-18 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corp. | Living body information detection apparatus and blood-pressure meter |
US7865223B1 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2011-01-04 | Peter Bernreuter | In vivo blood spectrometry |
US7904139B2 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2011-03-08 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Optical examination of biological tissue using non-contact irradiation and detection |
US8055321B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2011-11-08 | Peter Bernreuter | Tissue oximetry apparatus and method |
US8725226B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2014-05-13 | Nonin Medical, Inc. | Optical sensor path selection |
EP3485812A1 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2019-05-22 | A.D. Integrity Applications Ltd. | Device for non-invasively measuring glucose |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2754819A (en) * | 1953-06-29 | 1956-07-17 | Harry M Kirschbaum | Apparatus for automatically administering anesthetics |
-
1956
- 1956-01-13 US US558981A patent/US2790438A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2754819A (en) * | 1953-06-29 | 1956-07-17 | Harry M Kirschbaum | Apparatus for automatically administering anesthetics |
Cited By (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3123066A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | brumley | ||
US2967451A (en) * | 1957-04-04 | 1961-01-10 | Waters Corp | Method and apparatus for gas analysis |
US3136310A (en) * | 1960-01-18 | 1964-06-09 | Bausch & Lomb | Optical catheter |
US3152587A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1964-10-13 | Hellige & Co Gmbh F | Medical photometric apparatus |
US3227155A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1966-01-04 | Honeywell Inc | Sphygmomanometric measuring apparatus |
US3167658A (en) * | 1961-07-17 | 1965-01-26 | Air Shields | Apparatus for use in sensing the pulse |
US3327117A (en) * | 1963-08-12 | 1967-06-20 | Ibm | Cancer cell detector using two wavelengths for comparison |
US3313290A (en) * | 1963-08-14 | 1967-04-11 | Research Corp | Spectrofluorometer |
US3327119A (en) * | 1964-03-26 | 1967-06-20 | Ibm | Method and apparatus for detecting cancer cells |
US3463142A (en) * | 1966-07-05 | 1969-08-26 | Trw Inc | Blood content monitor |
US3511227A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1970-05-12 | Univ Utah | Measurement of blood flow using coherent radiation and doppler effect |
US3628525A (en) * | 1969-06-19 | 1971-12-21 | American Optical Corp | Blood oxygenation and pulse rate monitoring apparatus |
US3648685A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1972-03-14 | James A Hepp | Photoelectric probes for determining the density of body tissue for x-ray purposes |
US3698382A (en) * | 1970-10-15 | 1972-10-17 | William L Howell | Device for measuring veno capillary filling time |
US4086915A (en) * | 1975-04-30 | 1978-05-02 | Harvey I. Kofsky | Ear oximetry process and apparatus |
US4213462A (en) * | 1977-08-25 | 1980-07-22 | Nobuhiro Sato | Optical assembly for detecting an abnormality of an organ or tissue and method |
US4265227A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1981-05-05 | The Hospital And Welfare Board Of Hillsborough County | Infant extremity positioner and illuminator |
US4301808A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-11-24 | Taus Herbert G | Pulse rate monitor |
US5349961A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1994-09-27 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for in vivo optical spectroscopic examination |
US4570638A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1986-02-18 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for spectral transmissibility examination and analysis |
US4817623A (en) | 1983-10-14 | 1989-04-04 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for interpreting optical response data |
US5140989A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1992-08-25 | Somanetics Corporation | Examination instrument for optical-response diagnostic apparatus |
US4685464A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-08-11 | Nellcor Incorporated | Durable sensor for detecting optical pulses |
US4915116A (en) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-04-10 | Misawa Homes Institute Of Research & Development | Fingertip pulse wave sensor |
US5779631A (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1998-07-14 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Spectrophotometer for measuring the metabolic condition of a subject |
WO1992020273A3 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1993-02-04 | Nim Inc | Measuring metabolic conditions with hemoglobinometers |
WO1992020273A2 (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-26 | Nim Incorporated | Measuring metabolic conditions with hemoglobinometers |
US6549795B1 (en) | 1991-05-16 | 2003-04-15 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Spectrophotometer for tissue examination |
US20050113656A1 (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 2005-05-26 | Britton Chance | Hemoglobinometers and the like for measuring the metabolic condition of a subject |
US5873821A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1999-02-23 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Lateralization spectrophotometer |
US6785568B2 (en) | 1992-05-18 | 2004-08-31 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Transcranial examination of the brain |
US5584296A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1996-12-17 | Somanetics Corporation | Patient sensor for optical cerebral oximeters and the like |
US5465714A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-11-14 | Somanetics Corporation | Electro-optical sensor for spectrophotometric medical devices |
US5482034A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-01-09 | Somanetics Corporation | Method and apparatus for spectrophotometric cerebral oximetry and the like |
US5697367A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1997-12-16 | Somanetics Corporation | Specially grounded sensor for clinical spectrophotometric procedures |
US5795292A (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 1998-08-18 | Somanetics Corporation | Method for improving signal-to-noise in clinical spectrometric procedures |
US5954053A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-09-21 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Detection of brain hematoma |
US7610082B2 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2009-10-27 | Non-Invasive Technology, Inc. | Optical system and method for in-vivo transcranial examination of brain tissue of a subject |
US20100174160A1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2010-07-08 | Britton Chance | Detection, imaging and characterization of brain tissue |
US20050197583A1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2005-09-08 | Britton Chance | Detection, imaging and characterization of breast tumors |
US20050228291A1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2005-10-13 | Britton Chance | Imaging and characterization of brain tissue |
US7627365B2 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 2009-12-01 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Detection, imaging and characterization of breast tumors |
US20090281402A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2009-11-12 | Britton Chance | Transabdominal examination, monitoring and imaging of tissue |
US20050038344A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2005-02-17 | Britton Chance | Transabdominal examination, monitoring and imaging of tissue |
US6745764B2 (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 2004-06-08 | Scott Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a conscious patient relief from pain and anxiety associated with medical or surgical procedures |
US20110230738A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2011-09-22 | Britton Chance | Optical examination of biological tissue using non-contact irradiation and detection |
US7904139B2 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2011-03-08 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Optical examination of biological tissue using non-contact irradiation and detection |
US20090062660A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2009-03-05 | Britton Chance | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions |
US8761866B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2014-06-24 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions |
US20110172509A1 (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2011-07-14 | Britton Chance | Examination of biological tissue using non-contact optical probes |
US7983741B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2011-07-19 | Non-Invasive Technology Inc. | Examination and imaging of brain cognitive functions |
US20100292588A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2010-11-18 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corp. | Living body information detection apparatus and blood-pressure meter |
US7865223B1 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2011-01-04 | Peter Bernreuter | In vivo blood spectrometry |
US8055321B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2011-11-08 | Peter Bernreuter | Tissue oximetry apparatus and method |
US20110060200A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2011-03-10 | Peter Bernreuter | In vivo blood spectrometry |
US8923942B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2014-12-30 | Peter Bernreuter | In vivo blood spectrometry |
US9364176B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2016-06-14 | Peter Bernreuter | Tissue oximetry apparatus and method |
US8725226B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2014-05-13 | Nonin Medical, Inc. | Optical sensor path selection |
US9498158B2 (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2016-11-22 | Nonin Medical, Inc. | Optical sensor path selection |
EP3485812A1 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2019-05-22 | A.D. Integrity Applications Ltd. | Device for non-invasively measuring glucose |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2790438A (en) | Earpieces for oximeters | |
US3517999A (en) | Optical strain gauge | |
EP4302790A3 (en) | System for utilizing pressure decay to determine available fluid capacity in a negative pressure dressing | |
GB1264725A (en) | ||
EP1589408A3 (en) | Display device having optical input function | |
GB2621903A (en) | Diagnostic test device with improved use and visual detection of an analog test result | |
CN107683109A (en) | The direct equation of light divides measuring system | |
CN107961445B (en) | Percutaneous jaundice instrument | |
CN208902617U (en) | Medical respiration carbon dioxide concentration measurement system | |
ATE522175T1 (en) | DEVICE FOR MEASURING OXYGEN SATURATION IN BLOOD | |
CN104236862A (en) | Optical performance test method | |
JPS5441190A (en) | Measuring electrode | |
CN203898313U (en) | Oxyhemoglobin saturation measuring instrument and blood oxygen probe thereof | |
CN219048509U (en) | Non-contact clinical blood oxygen saturation probe | |
CN110090026A (en) | A kind of blood glucose measuring device, virtual reality glasses and blood sugar measuring method | |
CN215115117U (en) | Stroboscopic ambient light eliminating device | |
FR2105327A5 (en) | Pressure gauge - esp for blood, using a liquid crystal | |
CN216385977U (en) | Acoustic immittance detection mechanism and head-mounted acoustic immittance detection device | |
JPS63214236A (en) | Cuff structure of blood pressure measuring apparatus | |
JPS6488373A (en) | Optical fiber sensor | |
JPS57160071A (en) | Electric field detector | |
SE7904919L (en) | VISUAL INSPECTION DEVICE | |
SU104292A1 (en) | Device for measuring the degree of blood oxygen saturation | |
JPS5740633A (en) | Probe for photo-acoustic spectroscopic inspection | |
CN109141157A (en) | A kind of numerical display type tape measure |