US2827056A - Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus - Google Patents
Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US2827056A US2827056A US516927A US51692755A US2827056A US 2827056 A US2827056 A US 2827056A US 516927 A US516927 A US 516927A US 51692755 A US51692755 A US 51692755A US 2827056 A US2827056 A US 2827056A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/0066—Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control
Definitions
- This invention relates to apparatus for controllingthe discharge'of current from -an electrode into abody which is moreor less conductive. More particularly the-invention relates to apparatus fordischarging highfrequency current to a wound in ahuman' bodyfor the purpose'of cauterizing the wound
- the flow ofcurrent to such an electrode has been controlled by a manual switch on the electrode itself or a foot switch-controlled'by-the operator. Neither controlhas been satisfactory because they both interfere with the work of the operator which is often of a delicate nature as, for example,- inthe case of a surgeon cauterizing a wound; Moreover a switch on the electrode often interferes with the facile operation of the electrode;
- Objects of the present invention are-to provide a control which eliminates all manual controls,- which automatically supplies discharge current when: the electrode is' presented to-the body, andwhich requires only a single conductor leading to the'electrode.
- the apparatus comprises a work circuit for supplying alternating current to the body when the electrode is presented tothe body, and a control circuit including a source of direct current and control means responsive to the aforesaid sourcefor initiating flow of alternating current to the work circuit when the control circuit is closed, the aforesaid circuits having a common portion including saidbody and electrode, whereby the control circuit is closed by touching the body with the electrode.
- the apparatus comprises an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the device in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, and a control circuit including the aforesaid body and electrodes for changing the potential of the control electrode from the first to the second of the aforesaid potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the work circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
- the electronic device comprises a triode or transistor having direct current bias means for normally holding the control electrode at a potential to maintain the device in non-conductive condition.
- the control circuit should be connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor.
- the apparatus should have an inductor in the control circuit between the two electrodes and a condenser in the work circuit between the source of alternating current and a point at which the control circuit is connected to the work circuit.
- the electronic device is of the type having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit and an input circuit including the aforesaid body and electrode for changing the potential from inoperative to operative when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
- The-particular embodiment illustrated in the drawing comprisesaworkcircuit 12:supplied from any suitable source of alternating current and containing a switch 3; acondenser 4,1 the aforesaid discharge electrode 6 and a support- Tfor theaforesaid body to which the. electrode 6:is tobe presented.
- While'thessupport 7 may be connectedadirectly to therside 2 of the .work circuit, as illus trated't both the conductor. 2; and the support 7 are grounded;
- The. grid 12 isbiased by:means-.,-of-a directscurrent source C througha cone ductor 13 and,-two' resistors-1,4 and. 16.
- Connected acrossithe workcircuit isa. bridge circuit-17 containing induetance 18-, and. capacitance 19,- the conductor 17 being connec ted to 13 intermediate the. inductance. and capacitance.
- the capacitance 4v prevents the. flow. of direct-current; back tothe source of, alternating current and the-,inductance;1 8- blocks the flow of alternatingcurrent through the control circuit,
- a high resistance 15 may also, beincluded in conductor 13- asillustrated.
- the discharge current may have a. frequency'of: the, order of; one megacycle or more and a'potential-of the order of one thousand volts, in which casethe value-of the resistors, 14 and 16 maybe of the QIder of ten; million ohms. each.
- the value of C.. should be approximately twicethe voltage required to effectively cut off the flow of plate current in the triode, fo r examplefortyvolts.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a cont ol e ectrod which p the ev e in n-c nduc ing condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the work circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented 'to the body.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device havmg a control electrode, bias means normally holding the control electrode at a potential to hold said device nonconductive and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for altering the potential of said control electrode when the discharge electrode is presented to the body thereby to cause said device to conduct.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the valve in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, and an inductor in the control circuit between said electrodes.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the valve in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control circuit being connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and a condenser in the work circuit between the source of alternating current and said point.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the device in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control current being connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and an inductor in the control circuit between said electrodes.
- surgical apparatus for discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the supply circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
- surgical apparatus for discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the Work circuit, bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the supply circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said'work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the dis charge electrode is presented to the body, and an inductor input circuit between said electrodes.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said in operative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the output current being connected to the working circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and a condenser in the working circuit between the source of alternating current and said point.
- surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential V at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the outputcircuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control References Cited in the file of this patent current being connected to the supply circuit at a point UNITED STATES PATENTS between the source of alternating current and the electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, 2,251,277 Hart et Aug 51 1941 and an inductor in the control circuit between said 5 2293851 Rogers 1942 dectrodes. 2,379,837 Stahrner July 3, 1945 2,443,232 Fagen June 15,
Description
Marchl8f1'958 J. DEGELMAN 2,827,056
ELECTRODE DISCHARGE CONTROL FOR SURGICAL APPARATUS Filed June 21, 1955 a {Zoe/wwe/& m e We)! dug];
United States PatentO ELECTRODE DISCHARGE CONTROL FOR SURGICAL APPARATUS John Degelman; HarvanL Massi, assignorof one-half to Thomas-H; Ballantine, Jix, Dedham, and one-half: to John H. Drew, Framingham, Mass.
ApplicationJune 21,1955; SerialjNo. 516,927
Claims. ((31.128-422) This inventionrelates to apparatus for controllingthe discharge'of current from -an electrode into abody which is moreor less conductive. More particularly the-invention relates to apparatus fordischarging highfrequency current to a wound in ahuman' bodyfor the purpose'of cauterizing the wound Heretofore the flow ofcurrent to such an electrode has been controlled by a manual switch on the electrode itself or a foot switch-controlled'by-the operator. Neither controlhas been satisfactory because they both interfere with the work of the operator which is often of a delicate nature as, for example,- inthe case of a surgeon cauterizing a wound; Moreover a switch on the electrode often interferes with the facile operation of the electrode;
Objects of the present invention are-to provide a control which eliminates all manual controls,- which automatically supplies discharge current when: the electrode is' presented to-the body, andwhich requires only a single conductor leading to the'electrode.
According to the present invention the apparatus comprises a work circuit for supplying alternating current to the body when the electrode is presented tothe body, and a control circuit including a source of direct current and control means responsive to the aforesaid sourcefor initiating flow of alternating current to the work circuit when the control circuit is closed, the aforesaid circuits having a common portion including saidbody and electrode, whereby the control circuit is closed by touching the body with the electrode.
In a more specific aspect the apparatus comprises an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the device in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, and a control circuit including the aforesaid body and electrodes for changing the potential of the control electrode from the first to the second of the aforesaid potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the work circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body. Preferably the electronic device comprises a triode or transistor having direct current bias means for normally holding the control electrode at a potential to maintain the device in non-conductive condition. The control circuit should be connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor. Also the apparatus should have an inductor in the control circuit between the two electrodes and a condenser in the work circuit between the source of alternating current and a point at which the control circuit is connected to the work circuit. Preferably the electronic device is of the type having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit and an input circuit including the aforesaid body and electrode for changing the potential from inoperative to operative when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
For the purpose of illustration a typical embodiment 2,827,056 Patented Mar. 18 1958 2 of the 'invention is shown-in the accompanying drawings inwhichzthe figure is alcircuitdiagram.
The-particular embodiment illustrated in the drawing comprisesaworkcircuit 12:supplied from any suitable source of alternating current and containing a switch 3; acondenser 4,1 the aforesaid discharge electrode 6 and a support- Tfor theaforesaid body to which the. electrode 6:is tobe presented. While'thessupport 7 may be connectedadirectly to therside 2 of the .work circuit, as illus trated't both the conductor. 2; and the support 7 are grounded; The=switch3 is closed by means of a relay-8 connectedstotthe, plate 9 ofi-a triode 10 comprising acathode 11' and; a grid-: 12,. the..cathode being connected to the; side-2., of; the work circuit. The. grid 12 isbiased by:means-.,-of-a directscurrent source C througha cone ductor 13 and,-two' resistors-1,4 and. 16. Connected acrossithe workcircuit isa. bridge circuit-17 containing induetance 18-, and. capacitance 19,- the conductor 17 being connec ted to 13 intermediate the. inductance. and capacitance. The capacitance 4v prevents the. flow. of direct-current; back tothe source of, alternating current and the-,inductance;1 8- blocks the flow of alternatingcurrent through the control circuit, A high resistance 15 may also, beincluded in conductor 13- asillustrated.
For cauterizing wounds the discharge current may have a. frequency'of: the, order of; one megacycle or more and a'potential-of the order of one thousand volts, in which casethe value-of the resistors, 14 and 16 maybe of the QIder of ten; million ohms. each. The value of C.. should be approximately twicethe voltage required to effectively cut off the flow of plate current in the triode, fo r examplefortyvolts.
Normally no substantial amount ofcurrent flows through the triode becauseof the bias produced by the sourceC However,- when the electrode dis grounded, by contact withv a conducting body resting on the. grounded support 7, the potential drop between plate 9, and cathode 11. is greatly reduced. This results in the energization of relay 8 which closes the switch 3, thereby automatically supplying alternating. current to the electrode 6. v V i From the foregoing itwill be evident that the present invention eliminates manual switches and initiates the flow of discharge current automatically the moment the discharge electrode touches. the patient or other grounded body which is more. or less conducting. It will also be evident that the apparatus requires only a single conductor leading to the discharge electrode, thereby facilitating the use of the electrode. When the body being operated on is a human bodyit may be grounded merely by resting on the grounded support 7 However, in this case the body is preferably rested on a more comfortable support and grounded by means of one or more electrodes held against the body by suitable means.
When operating on a human body, particularly in th region of the brain, it is important not to impart a stimulus, and this is accomplished with the present invention by employing high frequency current in the work circuit and, in'the control circuit, low potential and high resistance so that there is no substantial direct current flow through the body.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and that this invention includes all modifications and equivalents which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1. For discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a cont ol e ectrod which p the ev e in n-c nduc ing condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the work circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented 'to the body.
2. For discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device havmg a control electrode, bias means normally holding the control electrode at a potential to hold said device nonconductive and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for altering the potential of said control electrode when the discharge electrode is presented to the body thereby to cause said device to conduct.
3. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the valve in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, and an inductor in the control circuit between said electrodes.
4. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the valve in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control circuit being connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and a condenser in the work circuit between the source of alternating current and said point. 7
5. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, and means for controlling the supply of current to the work circuit, said means comprising an electronic device having a control electrode which puts the device in non-conducting condition at one potential and in conducting condition at another potential, direct current bias means normally holding the control electrode at said first potential, and a control circuit including said body and electrodes for changing the potential of said control electrode from the first to the second of said potentials when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control current being connected to the work circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and an inductor in the control circuit between said electrodes.
6. For discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the supply circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body.
7. For discharging current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the Work circuit, bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, whereby current in the supply circuit is initiated when the discharge electrode is presented to the body. a
8. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said'work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the dis charge electrode is presented to the body, and an inductor input circuit between said electrodes.
9. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the output circuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said in operative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the output current being connected to the working circuit at a point between the source of alternating current and the discharge electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, and a condenser in the working circuit between the source of alternating current and said point.
10. For discharging alternating current into a human body from a discharge electrode, surgical apparatus comprising a work circuit for supplying the current to the electrode, an electronic device having an output circuit for controlling the supply of current to said work circuit and a control electrode having an inoperative potential V at which the potential across the output circuit prevents supply of current to the work circuit and an operative potential at which the potential across the outputcircuit supplies current to the work circuit, direct current bias means for supplying said potentials, and an input circuit including said body and electrodes for changing said inoperative potential to operative potential when the discharge electrode is presented to the body, the control References Cited in the file of this patent current being connected to the supply circuit at a point UNITED STATES PATENTS between the source of alternating current and the electrode so that the electrode requires only one conductor, 2,251,277 Hart et Aug 51 1941 and an inductor in the control circuit between said 5 2293851 Rogers 1942 dectrodes. 2,379,837 Stahrner July 3, 1945 2,443,232 Fagen June 15, 1948 2,526,597 Winslow Oct. 17, 1950
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US516927A US2827056A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US516927A US2827056A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus |
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| US2827056A true US2827056A (en) | 1958-03-18 |
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| US516927A Expired - Lifetime US2827056A (en) | 1955-06-21 | 1955-06-21 | Electrode discharge control for surgical apparatus |
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Cited By (68)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1099658B (en) * | 1959-04-29 | 1961-02-16 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Automatic switch-on device for high-frequency surgical devices |
| DE1139927B (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-11-22 | Friedrich Laber | High-frequency surgical device |
| DE1146989B (en) * | 1958-07-11 | 1963-04-11 | Alexandre Fuks | Electrosurgical device for electrical cuts and electrocoagulation |
| US3110925A (en) * | 1961-09-12 | 1963-11-19 | Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co | Electric stunner for livestock |
| US3122776A (en) * | 1960-06-30 | 1964-03-03 | John J Root | Animal stunner |
| US3315678A (en) * | 1964-07-17 | 1967-04-25 | Epilatron Inc | Epilating machine and control circuit |
| US3359982A (en) * | 1965-02-08 | 1967-12-26 | Guiorguiev Methodi | Sensing control for a surgical needle or instrument |
| US3642008A (en) * | 1968-09-25 | 1972-02-15 | Medical Plastics Inc | Ground electrode and test circuit |
| DE2540968A1 (en) * | 1975-09-13 | 1977-03-17 | Erbe Elektromedizin | Circuit for bipolar coagulation tweezers - permits preparation of tissues prior to coagulation |
| FR2502935A1 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1982-10-08 | Dolley Roger | Diathermic knife for coagulating tissues - has monitoring current added to HF coagulating current in order to control end of operation as function or resistance of coagulating tissues |
| US4414979A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1983-11-15 | Telectronics Pty. Ltd. | Monitorable bone growth stimulator |
| US5496312A (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1996-03-05 | Valleylab Inc. | Impedance and temperature generator control |
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| US6210403B1 (en) | 1993-10-07 | 2001-04-03 | Sherwood Services Ag | Automatic control for energy from an electrosurgical generator |
| US6402747B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2002-06-11 | Sherwood Services Ag | Handswitch cord and circuit |
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| US20050004564A1 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2005-01-06 | Wham Robert H. | Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system |
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| US20050113818A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-05-26 | Sartor Joe D. | Connector systems for electrosurgical generator |
| US20050203504A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2005-09-15 | Wham Robert H. | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US7044948B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-05-16 | Sherwood Services Ag | Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator |
| US20060161148A1 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-20 | Robert Behnke | Circuit and method for controlling an electrosurgical generator using a full bridge topology |
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| USRE40388E1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 2008-06-17 | Covidien Ag | Electrosurgical generator with adaptive power control |
| US7396336B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-07-08 | Sherwood Services Ag | Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system |
| US7513896B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2009-04-07 | Covidien Ag | Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling |
| US7628786B2 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2009-12-08 | Covidien Ag | Universal foot switch contact port |
| US20090306648A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Podhajsky Ronald J | System and Method for Output Control of Electrosurgical Generator |
| US7637907B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2009-12-29 | Covidien Ag | System and method for return electrode monitoring |
| US7648499B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2010-01-19 | Covidien Ag | System and method for generating radio frequency energy |
| US7651492B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2010-01-26 | Covidien Ag | Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit |
| US7731717B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2010-06-08 | Covidien Ag | System and method for controlling RF output during tissue sealing |
| US7749217B2 (en) | 2002-05-06 | 2010-07-06 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for optically detecting blood and controlling a generator during electrosurgery |
| US7766905B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2010-08-03 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for continuity testing of medical electrodes |
| US7780662B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2010-08-24 | Covidien Ag | Vessel sealing system using capacitive RF dielectric heating |
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| DE1146989B (en) * | 1958-07-11 | 1963-04-11 | Alexandre Fuks | Electrosurgical device for electrical cuts and electrocoagulation |
| DE1099658B (en) * | 1959-04-29 | 1961-02-16 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Automatic switch-on device for high-frequency surgical devices |
| US3122776A (en) * | 1960-06-30 | 1964-03-03 | John J Root | Animal stunner |
| DE1139927B (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-11-22 | Friedrich Laber | High-frequency surgical device |
| US3110925A (en) * | 1961-09-12 | 1963-11-19 | Cincinnati Butchers Supply Co | Electric stunner for livestock |
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