US3007842A - Manufacture of articles from fibrous material - Google Patents

Manufacture of articles from fibrous material Download PDF

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US3007842A
US3007842A US755701A US75570158A US3007842A US 3007842 A US3007842 A US 3007842A US 755701 A US755701 A US 755701A US 75570158 A US75570158 A US 75570158A US 3007842 A US3007842 A US 3007842A
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fibrous material
mould
slurry
container
venturi
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US755701A
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Mayne Charles Henry
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Hawley Products Co
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Hawley Products Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21JFIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
    • D21J7/00Manufacture of hollow articles from fibre suspensions or papier-mâché by deposition of fibres in or on a wire-net mould

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  • This invention relates to the manufacture of articles from fibrous material and is more particularly, but not exclusively concerned with the production of acoustic diaphragms. It is well known to manufacture articles from fibrous material by producing an accretion of the material onto a suitably shaped mould immersed in a bath of an aqueous slurry of the fibrous material.
  • known methods involve strongly agitating a bath of the slurry by forcing compressed air into the slurry so that the fibrous material is well distributed throughout the bath and so that the material is prevented from settling out of the water in the bath, and sucking the slurry towards the mould thereby to form a layer of fibrous material on the mould.
  • the mould, plus the layer is raised above the surface of the bath, and the layer is removed from the mould for further treatment.
  • a method of agitating a bath of fluid mixed with a fibrous material by reciprocating at least a part of the fluid through a restriction.
  • a method of forming an article from fibrous material comprising the step of reciprocating a quantity of a slurry containing the fibrous material through a venturi.
  • an aqueous slurry containing fibrous material is provided in a conical container having a flexible diaphragm as its base and a venturi at the top of the container, there being means for reciprocating the base to agitate and force the slurry through the venturi, a mould located above and adjacent the venturi and a vacuum system for sucking slurry towards the mould.
  • 1 is a conically shaped container having a cylindrical neck-part 1a and a base 2 which is constituted by a flexible diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is connected to the container 1 by being clamped between a flange 1b on the container and an annular clamping ring 10.
  • a venturi 3 is provided in the neck 1a, one part 3a of the venturi forming a continuation of the sloping wall of the container, whilst the other part 3b of the venturi 3 opens outwardly to connect with the cylindrical neck part 1a.
  • a mechanism generally indicated at 4 is provided beneath the diaphragm 2 for reciprocating the diaphragm 2 in a vertical direction.
  • the mechanism 4 is schematically represented by a connecting piece 4a which is coupled with the diaphragm.
  • the piece 4a is supported by uprights 4b carried on a cross-member 4c, the latter being slidably carried on pillars 4d.
  • An elongated slot 4e is formed in the cross-member 4c, the slot 42, being engaged by a pin 4] provided on a wheel 4g carried on a shaft 4h.
  • the pin 4 is eccentric with respect to the shaft 4h; consequently, rotation of the wheel 4g will cause the cross-member 4c to reciprocate in a vertical direction.
  • the reciprocatory movement of the cross-member 40 will reciprocate the diaphragm 2.
  • the interior of the mould is connected with a vacuum system in such manner that suction can be applied to the interior of the mould.
  • the vacuum system includes a vacuum release valve 8, a vacuum line 9, a vacuum header tank 10 and a connection 11 to a vacuum (not shown).
  • the fibrous material in suspension is fed to the container 1 via a pipe 5.
  • a suitable valve 5a is provided in the pipe 5.
  • the container 1 is filled with a mixture of water and fibrous material to form a slurry which, when the diaphragm is in the position shown by the full lines reaches the height A in the cylindrical neck 1a.
  • a pipe 6, including a suitable valve means 6A, is connected to the container to enable the introduction of water into the container.
  • the apparatus is used as follows:
  • the correct mixture of water and fibrous material is introduced into the container.
  • the vacuum system is switched on and the wheel 4g is rotated at a predetermined rate of rotation.
  • the diaphragm 2 is reciprocated between the full line position, and the dotted line position shown in the drawing. These positions are called the first stage and second stage positions.
  • the diaphragm is in the second stage position the surface level of the slurry falls to level B. It is found that the movement of the diaphragm in conjunction with the venturi causes the fibrous material to form the desired suspension.
  • a moulding cycle can be considered as commencing when the diaphragm is moved from the second stage to the first stage.
  • Such movement of the diaphragm causes the slurry to move through the venturi 3 and moves the surface of the liquid from B to A.
  • This movement shuts off the vacuum release valve 8, completely immerses the mould 7 (or felting form) and produces the desired fibrous material suspension.
  • the time cycle of diaphragm reciprocation is such that material sufficient to form the article has been drawn onto the mould by the vacuum system by the time the liquid level has returned from A to B.
  • the vacuum system draws off a quantity of liquid and fibre during each cycle.
  • the requisite replacement quantities of fibrous material and fluid are added to the bath via pipes 5 and 6.
  • the above apparatus eliminates the need for compressed air to agitate the bath. That is, aeration of the pulp is avoided.
  • the fluid used in the apparatus need not be aqueous since it can be used with non-aqueous materials.
  • the range of articles which can be moulded in the apparatus may cover weights ranging from a few grains to several pounds.
  • the articles may be made of a wide range of fibrous material organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic together with the incorporation of various binding media such as resin and resins, natural and synthetic latices.
  • a method of forming an article from a fibrous material which comprises: reciprocating a slurry of said material within a container wherein during the first cycle of the reciprocation of the slurry the surface of the liquid is moved from a first position beneath a forming mould to a second position above the mould, wherein during the second cycle of said reciprocation the surface of liquid is moved from the second position to said first position beneath said mould, wherein said liquid passes through a venturi in moving from said first position to said second position and in moving from said second position back to said first position, and wherein the movement of the surface of the liquid between the two positions actuates a vacuum system whereby said fibrous material is drawn toward said mould.
  • Apparatus for forming an article from a slurry of fibrous material which comprises a conically shaped container having a flexible diaphragm as its base and having a venturi adjacent to its apex, means for reciprocating said base to move said slurry within said container in a reciprocating motion through said venturi, a mould within said container and above said venturi, and a vacuum system for sucking the slurry toward said mould whereby fibrous material within the slurry is deposited onto said mould.

Description

Nov. 7, 1961 c. H. MAYNE 3,007,842
MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM FIBROUS MATERIAL Filed Aug. 18, 1958 IN VIN TOR.
CHARLES HENRY MAYNE BvwW United States Patent ()fiice 3,007,842 Patented Nov. 7, 1961 3,007,842 MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM FIBROUS MATERIAL Charles Henry Mayne, Woodford Green, Essex, England,
assignor to Hawley Products Company, St. Charles,
111., a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 18, 1958, Ser. No. 755,701 3 Claims. (Cl. 162-429) This invention relates to the manufacture of articles from fibrous material and is more particularly, but not exclusively concerned with the production of acoustic diaphragms. It is well known to manufacture articles from fibrous material by producing an accretion of the material onto a suitably shaped mould immersed in a bath of an aqueous slurry of the fibrous material. Briefly speaking, known methods involve strongly agitating a bath of the slurry by forcing compressed air into the slurry so that the fibrous material is well distributed throughout the bath and so that the material is prevented from settling out of the water in the bath, and sucking the slurry towards the mould thereby to form a layer of fibrous material on the mould. After the desired thickness of the layer has been achieved, the mould, plus the layer, is raised above the surface of the bath, and the layer is removed from the mould for further treatment.
As will be appreciated, considerable quantities of air must be used in order to maintain the desired uniformity of suspension. The provision of large quantities of pressurized air necessarily involves considerable bulk and costs in the actual molding equipment, and also auxiliary equipment such as compressors.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of agitating a bath of fluid mixed with a fibrous material by reciprocating at least a part of the fluid through a restriction.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of forming an article from fibrous material comprising the step of reciprocating a quantity of a slurry containing the fibrous material through a venturi.
In a preferred form of apparatus, an aqueous slurry containing fibrous material is provided in a conical container having a flexible diaphragm as its base and a venturi at the top of the container, there being means for reciprocating the base to agitate and force the slurry through the venturi, a mould located above and adjacent the venturi and a vacuum system for sucking slurry towards the mould.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawing which is a sectional schematic view of the moulding apparatus.
In the drawing, 1 is a conically shaped container having a cylindrical neck-part 1a and a base 2 which is constituted by a flexible diaphragm. The diaphragm is connected to the container 1 by being clamped between a flange 1b on the container and an annular clamping ring 10. A venturi 3 is provided in the neck 1a, one part 3a of the venturi forming a continuation of the sloping wall of the container, whilst the other part 3b of the venturi 3 opens outwardly to connect with the cylindrical neck part 1a.
A mechanism generally indicated at 4, is provided beneath the diaphragm 2 for reciprocating the diaphragm 2 in a vertical direction. The mechanism 4 is schematically represented by a connecting piece 4a which is coupled with the diaphragm. The piece 4a is supported by uprights 4b carried on a cross-member 4c, the latter being slidably carried on pillars 4d.
An elongated slot 4e is formed in the cross-member 4c, the slot 42, being engaged by a pin 4] provided on a wheel 4g carried on a shaft 4h. The pin 4 is eccentric with respect to the shaft 4h; consequently, rotation of the wheel 4g will cause the cross-member 4c to reciprocate in a vertical direction. The reciprocatory movement of the cross-member 40 will reciprocate the diaphragm 2.
Immediately above the venturi 3 there is a felting form mould 7 which is suitably supported within the neck 1a. The interior of the mould is connected with a vacuum system in such manner that suction can be applied to the interior of the mould. The vacuum system includes a vacuum release valve 8, a vacuum line 9, a vacuum header tank 10 and a connection 11 to a vacuum (not shown).
The fibrous material in suspension is fed to the container 1 via a pipe 5. A suitable valve 5a is provided in the pipe 5. The container 1 is filled with a mixture of water and fibrous material to form a slurry which, when the diaphragm is in the position shown by the full lines reaches the height A in the cylindrical neck 1a.
A pipe 6, including a suitable valve means 6A, is connected to the container to enable the introduction of water into the container. The apparatus is used as follows:
The correct mixture of water and fibrous material is introduced into the container. The vacuum system is switched on and the wheel 4g is rotated at a predetermined rate of rotation. As the wheel 4g rotates, the diaphragm 2 is reciprocated between the full line position, and the dotted line position shown in the drawing. These positions are called the first stage and second stage positions. When the diaphragm is in the second stage position the surface level of the slurry falls to level B. It is found that the movement of the diaphragm in conjunction with the venturi causes the fibrous material to form the desired suspension.
A moulding cycle can be considered as commencing when the diaphragm is moved from the second stage to the first stage. Such movement of the diaphragm causes the slurry to move through the venturi 3 and moves the surface of the liquid from B to A. This movement shuts off the vacuum release valve 8, completely immerses the mould 7 (or felting form) and produces the desired fibrous material suspension. The time cycle of diaphragm reciprocation is such that material sufficient to form the article has been drawn onto the mould by the vacuum system by the time the liquid level has returned from A to B. The vacuum system draws off a quantity of liquid and fibre during each cycle. The requisite replacement quantities of fibrous material and fluid are added to the bath via pipes 5 and 6.
It will be clear that the above apparatus eliminates the need for compressed air to agitate the bath. That is, aeration of the pulp is avoided. The fluid used in the apparatus need not be aqueous since it can be used with non-aqueous materials.
The range of articles which can be moulded in the apparatus may cover weights ranging from a few grains to several pounds. The articles may be made of a wide range of fibrous material organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic together with the incorporation of various binding media such as resin and resins, natural and synthetic latices.
It is clear that the above described method and apparatus is applicable to the maintenance of a suspension of a material other than fibrous material in. a fluid.
What I claim is:
1. A method of forming an article from a fibrous material which comprises: reciprocating a slurry of said material within a container wherein during the first cycle of the reciprocation of the slurry the surface of the liquid is moved from a first position beneath a forming mould to a second position above the mould, wherein during the second cycle of said reciprocation the surface of liquid is moved from the second position to said first position beneath said mould, wherein said liquid passes through a venturi in moving from said first position to said second position and in moving from said second position back to said first position, and wherein the movement of the surface of the liquid between the two positions actuates a vacuum system whereby said fibrous material is drawn toward said mould.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the movement of the surface of the liquid from the first position to the second position actuates a vacuum system which draws the fibrous material toward said mould, and wherein the cycle of reciprocation is such that material sufficient to form the article to be moulded is drawn onto the mould by the time the liquid level has returned to said first position.
3. Apparatus for forming an article from a slurry of fibrous material which comprises a conically shaped container having a flexible diaphragm as its base and having a venturi adjacent to its apex, means for reciprocating said base to move said slurry within said container in a reciprocating motion through said venturi, a mould within said container and above said venturi, and a vacuum system for sucking the slurry toward said mould whereby fibrous material within the slurry is deposited onto said mould.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,203,197 Hogue Oct. 31, 1916 1,673,047 Hawley June 12, 1928 2,196,193 Chambers et a1. Apr. 9, 1940 2,234,979 Randall et a1 Mar. 18, 1941 2,498,737 Holden Feb. 28, 1950 2,916,265 Towne Dec. 8, 1959

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF FORMING AN ARTICLE FROM A FIBROUS MATERIAL WHICH COMPRISES: RECIPROCATING A SLURRY OF SAID MATERIAL WITHIN A CONTAINER WHEREIN DURING THE FIRST CYCLE OF THE RECIPROCATION OF THE SLURRY THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID IS MOVED FROM A FIRST POSITION BENEATH A FORMING MOULD TO A SECOND POSITION ABOVE THE MOULD, WHEREIN DURING THE SECOND CYCLE OF SAID RECIPROCATION THE SURFACE OF LIQUID IS MOVED FROM THE SECOND POSITION TO SAID FIRST POSITION BENEATH SAID MOULD, WHEREIN SAID LIQUID PASSES THROUGH A VENTURI IN MOVING FROM SAID FIRST POSITION TO SAID SECOND POSITION AND IN MOVING FROM SAID SECOND POSITION BACK TO SAID FIRST POSITION, AND WHEREIN THE MOVEMENT OF THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID BETWEEN THE TWO POSITIONS ACTUATES A VACUUM SYSTEM WHEREBY SAID FIBROUS MATERIAL IS DRAWN TOWARD SAID MOULD.
US755701A 1958-08-18 1958-08-18 Manufacture of articles from fibrous material Expired - Lifetime US3007842A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1203197A (en) * 1915-02-26 1916-10-31 George H Maxwell Pulp-molding machine.
US1673047A (en) * 1928-06-12 Method of and apparatus for forming fibrous-pulp receptacles
US2196193A (en) * 1933-11-15 1940-04-09 Submarine Signal Co Method of aging alcoholic liquors
US2234979A (en) * 1937-04-29 1941-03-18 Canal Nat Bank Of Portland Apparatus for producing molded pulp articles
US2498737A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-02-28 William H T Holden Electromechanical transducer
US2916265A (en) * 1954-11-22 1959-12-08 Ultrasonic Dev Inc Ultrasonic apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1673047A (en) * 1928-06-12 Method of and apparatus for forming fibrous-pulp receptacles
US1203197A (en) * 1915-02-26 1916-10-31 George H Maxwell Pulp-molding machine.
US2196193A (en) * 1933-11-15 1940-04-09 Submarine Signal Co Method of aging alcoholic liquors
US2234979A (en) * 1937-04-29 1941-03-18 Canal Nat Bank Of Portland Apparatus for producing molded pulp articles
US2498737A (en) * 1946-06-07 1950-02-28 William H T Holden Electromechanical transducer
US2916265A (en) * 1954-11-22 1959-12-08 Ultrasonic Dev Inc Ultrasonic apparatus

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