US3303750A - Pump motors - Google Patents

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US3303750A
US3303750A US444698A US44469865A US3303750A US 3303750 A US3303750 A US 3303750A US 444698 A US444698 A US 444698A US 44469865 A US44469865 A US 44469865A US 3303750 A US3303750 A US 3303750A
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bellows
valve
chamber
pump
well
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William S Powell
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level
    • F04B47/04Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level the driving means incorporating fluid means

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  • My invention relates to a well pumping unit and particularly to an apparatus useful in pumping liquid from a well in which natural gas is present or accumulates at intervals, for example, from an oil well.
  • the pump of my invention will pump the oil up from the well into a storage tank or pipe line or any other selected remote location.
  • the pressure of the natural gas in the well is used as the pumpactuating means rather than a fuel-burning motor or an electric motor thereby resulting in an economical and automatic pumping apparatus.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a wellpumping unit of the type indicated which is provided with a control arrangement so that it will be started and stopped automatically under control of the accumulation of natural gas in the well and, therefore, will only operate when the well needs pumping but will automatically function during those periods.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a well-pumping unit which is not only fluid-actuated, preferably using the natural gas in the well as the actuating medium, but is also preferably equipped with a vacuum ballast counterbalance arrangement for the pump rod string of the well which is created upon initial operation of the fluid-actuated pump.
  • my pumping unit is designed to utilize fluid pressure and preferably the natural gas pressure in the well as the pump-actuating medium.
  • This gas pressure is usually present between the oil pump line and the casing. It is utilized, according to my invention, by lead- Patented Feb. 14, 1967 ing it through proper piping and control valves, including a quick-acting reversing valve, into the expansion chamber within a bellows which is operatively connected to the pump rod string of the well.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical schematic sectional view of the fluid-actuated pumping unit of this invention showing it in its up position.
  • FIGURE 2. is a similar view but showing the unit in its down position.
  • the pumping unit of my invention includes an outer housing or case 1 which is preferably of steel and is of annular horizontal cross section with an upper convex or dome-shaped top 1a and a lower concave bottom or base 11 which is connected thereto at a sealed but separable annular joint 10.
  • the case 1 is made sufficiently strong to resist outside atmospheric pressure even when the space within it is evacuated to a low degree.
  • the pumping unit is mounted directly on the well on the casing 16a and the base 11 is of such strength that it can support the entire pump assembly including the pump shaft or sucker rod 16, the pump cylinder (not shown) and the column of oil in the oil pipe 16b, the assembly being supported from the base 11 by a suitable collar and seal arrangement 18.
  • an oil discharge line 162 Leading from the oil pipe 16b is an oil discharge line 162 which will conduct the oil pumped from the well to a pipe line or storage tank.
  • a suitable oil well pump rod seal is indicated at 14 for providing a fluid seal around the rod 16 directly below the seal 18.
  • Gas from the casing 16a will enter into a branch line which is connected thereto and which is controlled manually by a valve 23 which may be a standard gas key or any other valve that can be manually set for a selected flow.
  • outer case 1 Within the outer case 1 is another case 2 of inverted cup-like form and of the same general outline as the outer case 1 to provide therewithin an inner chamber 22 in which the bellows 9 is disposed.
  • the case 2 is spaced from the corresponding sides and top of the outer case 1 to provide an outer chamber 21 which may be termed a plenum chamber and which is closed to the atmosphere.
  • the lower edge of this case 2 engages the upper surface of the bottom or base 11 along an annular separable sealing and connecting joint 10a.
  • the upper dome-shaped top 2b of the case 2 is provided with an exhaust outlet controlled by a ball-check valve 6 which is preferably gravity-seated.
  • This ball and associated seat is located at the lower end of a vertical tube 7 which has its lower end sealed to the top 2b and its upper end passing upwardly through a sealed opening in the top 1a of the case 1.
  • the bellows-enclosing inner chamber 22 can communicate with the atmosphere through this tube 7 under the control of the ball-check valve 6.
  • An additional valve port is provided in the top 2b and is under the control of a spring-biased valve 20 in which the spring will act upwardly in the closing direction. Positive pressure in the inner chamber 22 will serve to seat it upwardly whereas negative pressure therein,
  • a valve port 17a is provided in the side wall of the case 2 and is shown under the control of a manually adjustable needle valve '17 which is adjustable from the exterior of the case 1. These valves 17 and 20 will control communication between the chambers 22 and 21 and are the only passages therebetween.
  • the bellows case 2 has the annular bellows 9 disposed therein for vertical expansion and contraction relative thereto and this bellows has the gas-receiving chamber 19 formed therewithin.
  • This bellows may be formed of a suitable strong flexible material, such as. nylon reinforced neoprene, or other material which can be molded into proper shape and will adequately withstand gas pressure,
  • This bellows may be sealed to a ring 100 which is attached to the base 11 at the separable joint 10a and its upper edge may be attached to the steel cap or head 3 of the bellows at a separable sealed joint 10d.
  • This cap or head 3 is preferably dome-shaped to conform to the shape of the cap 2b of the case 2 and is suificiently strong to lift the pump shaft 16 and the column of oil. It is connected at a connecting and sealing unit of a suitable type, to the upper end of the pump shaft 16 so as to provide the lifting capacity to carry the weight of the pump shaft and associated pumping parts and the oil being lifted in the pumping operation.
  • the cap 3 is also provided with a depending valveactuating stud 4 which is screwed upwardly into a threaded socket in the cap for relative vertical adjustment.
  • This stud 4 is one of themeans for actuating the quickacting control or reversing valve indicated generally at 12.
  • Another means for actuating this valve is provided by a flexible actuating pull-producing connection between the valve 12 and the cap 3 and is shown as comprising a line 15 which may be of suitable flexible material such as stainless steel wire, cable or rope, and which is connected to the lower side of the cap 3 at a connection 15a and to one end of a lever 12a of the valve at 1512.
  • the valve 12 may be termed a positive flip-flop or snap-action valve and will be instantaneous in its action as the bellows head 3 approaches the upper and lower limits of its stroke. It is' provided with intake and exhaust ports connected to the bellows chamber 19. It can be any of the quick-acting types commonly available and must be capable of instantly opening the exhaust valve port as the intake valve port is closed at the top of the bellows stroke and, in like manner, of instantly closing the exhaust valve port and opening the intake valve port at the bottom of the stroke.
  • the valve 12 is mounted on the bottom 11 and the ring 100 and for illustrative purposes is shown as including a housing 12b which is divided into four chambers comprising the lower chambers 12c and 12d and the upper chambers 122 and 12
  • the lower inlet chamber 120 connects with and receives gas from the pipe 160.
  • the lower outlet chamber 12d connects to a low-pressure gas line 16d which will conduct the gas to a point of use or vent it to the atmosphere and which may be provided with a suitable check-valve.
  • the upper chambers 12e and 12 communicate directly with the chamber 19 within the bellows 9. Between the chambers 12c and 122 is a valve seat 12g and between the chambers 12d and 12 is a valve seat 12h.
  • valve-actuating mechanism may vary but the mechanism is shown as comprising upwardly seating valve members 12i and 12 for cooperating with the respective seats 12g and 12h on the lower end of stems which pass upwardly into the chamber 19 and are pivotally connected to the valve lever 12a at the respective points 12k and 12l adjacent its opposite ends.
  • the lever 12a is pivoted for, vertical swinging movement at point 12m intermediate its length to a fixed support 1211 upstanding in the chamber 19.
  • An off-center snap-acting spring arrangement of the usual type is indicated for quickly snapping the valve lever 12a in each of its two respective final positions after it is actuated or triggered by either line 15 or stud 4.
  • This arrangement is shown as comprising a compression spring connected between the upper projecting end of the support 1211 and the upper end of an upstanding arm which is disposed on the valve lever 12a in alignment with the pivot 12m thereof.
  • the valve member 121 cooperates with the seat 12g to provide an intake valve and the valve member 12j cooperates with the seat 12h to provide an exhaust valve for the bellows expansion chamber 19 and these valves are alternately opened and closed.
  • the gas line which conducts gas from the well to the valve 12 preferably is provided with a flow control valve unit 13, which is of a suitable type, including a timing device which will automatically open and close at timed intervals to supply the actuating gas pressure for the pump.
  • a flow control valve unit 13 which is of a suitable type, including a timing device which will automatically open and close at timed intervals to supply the actuating gas pressure for the pump.
  • the timing mechanism of the valve 13 may be of the pressure-operated type so as not to require the manual winding of a spring-type valve.
  • a source of air pressure such as a motor or engine (not shown) may be used for supplying the necessary actuating pressure.
  • a source of air pressure such as a motor or engine (not shown)
  • the case 1 will be eliminated and the case 2 will open continuously to the atmosphere.
  • the case 2 would serve only as a protective cover for the bellows 9.
  • the pumping unit will operate normally in the manner now to be described, assuming that the air has been substantially removed from the inner chamber 22 and the outer chamber 21 in a manner to be described later. Also, assuming the manual valve 23 in the gas line 166 is open, the valve 13 will open automatically at preselected intervals to supply gas pressure at the valve 12. Also assuming the bellows 9 is in its lowermost or collapsed condition, as shown in FIGURE 2, and the valve 12 is in the condition illustrated with the inlet valve member 12i unseated and the exhaust valve member 12f seated, the gas under pressure will flow past the valve seat 12g into the bellows expansion chamber 19 within the bellows 9 thereby causing the bellows to expand upwardly and lift the pump rod 16.
  • valve member 12 at this time will be seated to cut-off connection of the bellows expansion chamber 19 with the gas line 16d.
  • the bellows cap 3 will be moved upwardly in the case 2.
  • the flexible line 15 is completely extended and will exert a pull on the valve lever 12a and trigger the valve mechanism so that, as shown in FIGURE 1, it will snap the valve into its other position where the inlet valve member 12i is seated and the exhaust valve member 12j is unseated. This will instantly interrupt flow of gas from the gas line 160 into the expansion chamber 19 within the bellows 9 but will connect that chamber to the gas receiving line 16a.
  • the actuator 15 for the valve 12 causes it to close the input valve port thereof and at the same instant open the exhaust valve port thereof allowing the bellows 9 to collapse as the weight of the pump shaft 16 and associated parts draws it down to the starting position and as it nears that position, the actuator 4 for the valve causes it to close the exhaust valve port and open the intake valve port thereby starting another cycle and continuing these cycles until the timer valve 13 or the manual valve 23 is closed to interrupt the flow of gas to the valve 12.
  • the outer plenum chamber 21 is provided, in conjunction with the inner chamber 22, by enclosing the case- 2 within the case 1 and providing the cooperating valve arrangements described above including the valves 6, 17 and 20. 'In the initial operation of the pump, the valve 17 is closed manually. As the bellows cap 3 rises, it forces air or gas in the inner chamber 22 out past the valve 6 to the atmosphere. Also, the valve 20 is closed by positive pressure in the chamber 22.
  • Both the bellows expansion chamber 19 and the plenum chamber'21 will not communicate with the atmosphere on the up stroke of the bellows but the inner chamber 22 will exhaust thereto through the valve 6.
  • a negative pressure is created in the inner bellows enclosing chamber 22 above the cap 3.
  • the resulting pressure differential caused by this pumping-out operation, between the positive gas pressure beneath the cap 3 and the negative pressure above the cap 3, when the cap reache its lowermost position, will serve as a counterbalance force which will aid in counter'balancing the pump rod 16 and weight suspended therefrom, and in starting the up or expansion stroke of the bellows.
  • the valve 17 may be closed manually, a indicated above, to prevent air or gas from entering the outer chamber 21 through the valve port 17a.
  • the bellows 9 will pump out air from the inner chamber 22 on the upstroke, through the valve 6, and will draw air from the outer chamber 21 on the downstroke, through the spring-loaded valve 20.
  • the valve 17 Before the negative pressure in the inner chamber 22 is of a degree suflicient to stop the downward motion of the bellows head 3, the valve 17 is gradually opened manually until a regular reciprocating cycle of the pump occurs and this can be controlled in frequency by a balancing of the manual gas or air valve 23 and the manual control valve 17.
  • the negative pressure above the cap 3 is created during pump-out of air as the bellows collapses to provide a void space in the inner chamber 22 without drawing air from the atmosphere, since during the downstroke, the chamber 22 only communicates with the outer plenum chamber 21, through the valve 20 which opens at -a selected negative pressure therein.
  • valve 20 will close, when for any reason, during the operation of the pump, the pump loses its prime or air finds its way into the inner chamber 22 creating a positive pressure therein. Thereafter the bellows assembly can pump out the air through the escape ball check valve 6 to the atmosphere until the partial vacuum is built up in both the inner chamber 22 and the outer chamber 21 to provide the counterbalance effect.
  • bellows arrangement in an oil-well pumping apparatus is particularly important due to the nature of that operation. It is important to have equipment which will resist surface erosion by chemicals present in the gas in the well heads and the bellows may be made from material which meets this requirement. Also, the bellows may be made from material which meets this requirement. Also, the
  • the material of the equipment must resist abrasion by the abrasive sand and other materials brought up on the well head sucker rod and the material of the bellows meets this requirement.
  • the large area volume required for effectively utilizing the energy in the expandable gas and the oil head pressure must be great and this can be accomplished with the bellows without undue bulk and weight, which would be necessary with a piston and cylinder arrangement.
  • the piston to cylinder sliding contact areas for a large pumping unit of this type would be very great and there would be danger of fluid by-pass at these areas from one side of the piston to the other, whereas this would not be present in a bellows unit since the bellows provides a completely enclosed unit except at the connected pump rod.
  • a well-pumping unit for use on a well head having a pump rod extending therefrom comprising a support adapted to be disposed at the well head, an expansible bellows mounted on said support and having a fluid-receiving expansion chamber therewithin, said bellows including means for connecting it to said rod, a fluid inlet for conducting actuating fluid into said chamber for expanding said bellows and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid from said chamber to permit collapse thereof, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means operatively connected to said bellows for actuation thereby to control said valve in accordance with the expansion and collapse of said bellows.
  • a well-pumping unit for use on a well head having a pump rod extending upwardly therefrom comprising a base support adapted to be disposed at the well head with the rod extending slidably upwardly therethrough, an expansible bellows mounted on said base support, a cap on the bellows having means for connecting it to said rod, a fluid inlet for conducting actuating fluid into said chamber for expanding said bellows and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid from said chamber to permit collapse thereof, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means connected to said bellows cap to control said valve in accordance with the vertical movement thereof produced by expansion and collapse of said bellows.
  • valve means comprises actuating means having a snap-action for moving it into either of two positions when triggered by said valve control means, said control means comprising a flexible line connected between said actuating means and said cap for triggering it as the bellows cap nears its uppermost position caused by expansion of the bellows to close said inlet and open said outlet and contacting means carried by said cap and engaging said valve actuating means for triggering it as the cap nears its lowermost position caused by collapse of the bellows to open said inlet and close said outlet.
  • a well-pumping unit including an inner case enclosing said bellows and cap to provide an inner fluid chamber, an outer case enclosing said inner case to provide an outer fluid chamber, a passageway leading from said inner chamber to the atmosphere and having a one-way vent valve therein for permitting exhaust from said inner chamber as the bellows expands to move the cap upwardly therein but preventing intake of atmospheric air as the bellows collapses to move the cap downwardly in said inner chamber, and valve means controlling communication between said inner chamber and said outer chamber for pumping air from said chambers and expelling it to the atmosphere through said vent valve by operation of said bellows.
  • a well-pumping unit according to claim 4 in which said last-named valve means includes spring-'pressed'means and manually adjustable means.
  • a well-pumping unit in which said spring-pressed valve means opens under a selected negative pressure in said inner chamber and closes under positive pressure in said chamber.
  • pumping means including a pump rod extending from the head thereof, a gas supply line leading from the well and a gas receiving line; a support mounted-at the well head, an expansible bellows mounted on said support and having an expan-.
  • sion chamber therewithin, means connecting said bellows tosaid pump rod so that expansion and collapse of the bellows will reciprocate said rod, a gas inlet leading from said gas supply line into said chamber and a gas outlet leading from said chamber to said gas receiving line, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means operatively connected to said bellows for actuation thereby to control said valve in accordance with the expansion and collapse of said bellows.
  • said means for connecting the bellows to said pump rod comprises a cap on the bellows vertically movable upon expansion and collapse of the bellows, said valve control means being connected to said cap to control said valve in accordance with the vertical movement thereof produced by expansion and collapse of said bellows.
  • the combination of claim 9 including an inner case enclosing said bellows and cap to provide an inner fluid chamber, an outer case enclosing said inner case to provide an outer fluid chamber, a passageway leading from said inner chamber to the atmosphere and having a oneway vent valve therein for permitting exhaust from said inner chamber as the bellows expands to move the cap upwardly thereinbut preventing intake of atmospheric air as the bellows collapses to move the cap downwardly in said inner chamber, and valve means controlling communication between said inner chamber and said outer chamber for pumping air from said chambers and expelling it to the atmosphere through said vent valve by operation of said. bellows.

Description

Feb. 14, 1937 w. s. ILOYWELL 3,303,750
PUMP MOTORS Filed April 1, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I NVENTOR.
/ WILLIAM S. POWELL BY M MAHgIVEY, MILLER 8 RAMBO ATTORNEYS Feb. 14, 1967" w. s. POWELL 3,303,750
PUMP MOTORS Filed April 1, 1965 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.
E; E. J WILLIAM s. POWELL MAHBO NEY ILLER 8| RAMBO ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,303,750 PUB KP MOTORS William S. Powell, R.F.D. 2, Granville, Ohio 43023 Filed Apr. 1, 1965, Ser. No. 444,698 12 Claims. (Cl. 91273) My invention relates to a well pumping unit and particularly to an apparatus useful in pumping liquid from a well in which natural gas is present or accumulates at intervals, for example, from an oil well. The pump of my invention will pump the oil up from the well into a storage tank or pipe line or any other selected remote location. According to my invention, preferably the pressure of the natural gas in the well is used as the pumpactuating means rather than a fuel-burning motor or an electric motor thereby resulting in an economical and automatic pumping apparatus.
With :many oil wells, especially those that are lowproducing, it is important that pumping apparatus be employed which will operate very economically and preferably only at necessary intervals to handle the accumulation of oil in the well. This accumulation usually occurs with an increase in natural gas pressure in the well. In the past, it has been the practice with low-producing wells to have pumps which are actuated by internal combustion engines. Therefore, it is usually necessary to have a man travel through an area, manually start each pump motor and wait for a period while the pump lifts from the well the accumulation of oil, and then stop the motor. If electrically-actuated pumps are used, it is necessary to run electric lines to the pump site, which, even if available, are costly, and also to manually start and stop the motor; The electric motors or the internal combustion motors can be equipped with automatic starting and stopping syste ms but theseare costly and not fool-proof and add to the maintenance cost of the electric or internal combustion motors. Also, they still require the consumption of relatively expensive fuel or electric current. Hydraulic pumping'units have also been provided in the past but these are also too expensive to install, operate and maintain, especially for low-producing wells. All of the above-discussed factors are particularly pertinent in connection with the low-producing wells to make the recovery of oil therefrom economical.
It is, therefore, the main object of my invention to provide a fluid-actuated well-pumping unit which is of simple,
economical, rugged and long-lasting construction and which preferably employs natural gas accumulations in the well as the pump-actuating fluid medium and, consequently, which makes unnecessary the expenditure of combustible fuel or electric current to actuate the pump.
Another object of this invention is to provide a wellpumping unit of the type indicated which is provided with a control arrangement so that it will be started and stopped automatically under control of the accumulation of natural gas in the well and, therefore, will only operate when the well needs pumping but will automatically function during those periods.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a well-pumping unit which is not only fluid-actuated, preferably using the natural gas in the well as the actuating medium, but is also preferably equipped with a vacuum ballast counterbalance arrangement for the pump rod string of the well which is created upon initial operation of the fluid-actuated pump.
Various other objects will be apparent.
As indicated, my pumping unit is designed to utilize fluid pressure and preferably the natural gas pressure in the well as the pump-actuating medium. This gas pressure is usually present between the oil pump line and the casing. It is utilized, according to my invention, by lead- Patented Feb. 14, 1967 ing it through proper piping and control valves, including a quick-acting reversing valve, into the expansion chamber within a bellows which is operatively connected to the pump rod string of the well. Expansion of this bellows by the admitted natural gas will lift this pump rod string and operate the pump in the well and, under the control of the reversin valve, exhaust of gas from the bellows will be started near the end of the upstroke so that the weight of the rod string will cause the bellows to collapse to its original down or starting position. In addition, a vacuum chamber is provided around the bellows and means is provided for pumping out that chamber during the initial operation of the pumping unit, and later if needed, so as to create a vacuum ballast force in that chamber which will act on the bellows as a counterbalance force for the pump rod string.
In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention and in these drawings:
FIGURE 1 is a vertical schematic sectional view of the fluid-actuated pumping unit of this invention showing it in its up position.
FIGURE 2. is a similar view but showing the unit in its down position.
With particular reference to the drawings, the pumping unit of my invention includes an outer housing or case 1 which is preferably of steel and is of annular horizontal cross section with an upper convex or dome-shaped top 1a and a lower concave bottom or base 11 which is connected thereto at a sealed but separable annular joint 10. The case 1 is made sufficiently strong to resist outside atmospheric pressure even when the space within it is evacuated to a low degree. The pumping unit is mounted directly on the well on the casing 16a and the base 11 is of such strength that it can support the entire pump assembly including the pump shaft or sucker rod 16, the pump cylinder (not shown) and the column of oil in the oil pipe 16b, the assembly being supported from the base 11 by a suitable collar and seal arrangement 18. Leading from the oil pipe 16b is an oil discharge line 162 which will conduct the oil pumped from the well to a pipe line or storage tank. A suitable oil well pump rod seal is indicated at 14 for providing a fluid seal around the rod 16 directly below the seal 18. Gas from the casing 16a will enter into a branch line which is connected thereto and which is controlled manually by a valve 23 which may be a standard gas key or any other valve that can be manually set for a selected flow.
Within the outer case 1 is another case 2 of inverted cup-like form and of the same general outline as the outer case 1 to provide therewithin an inner chamber 22 in which the bellows 9 is disposed. The case 2 is spaced from the corresponding sides and top of the outer case 1 to provide an outer chamber 21 which may be termed a plenum chamber and which is closed to the atmosphere. The lower edge of this case 2 engages the upper surface of the bottom or base 11 along an annular separable sealing and connecting joint 10a.
The upper dome-shaped top 2b of the case 2 is provided with an exhaust outlet controlled by a ball-check valve 6 which is preferably gravity-seated. This ball and associated seat is located at the lower end of a vertical tube 7 which has its lower end sealed to the top 2b and its upper end passing upwardly through a sealed opening in the top 1a of the case 1. Thus, the bellows-enclosing inner chamber 22 can communicate with the atmosphere through this tube 7 under the control of the ball-check valve 6. An additional valve port is provided in the top 2b and is under the control of a spring-biased valve 20 in which the spring will act upwardly in the closing direction. Positive pressure in the inner chamber 22 will serve to seat it upwardly whereas negative pressure therein,
when sufficiently low, will tend to unseat it. A valve port 17a is provided in the side wall of the case 2 and is shown under the control of a manually adjustable needle valve '17 which is adjustable from the exterior of the case 1. These valves 17 and 20 will control communication between the chambers 22 and 21 and are the only passages therebetween.
The bellows case 2 has the annular bellows 9 disposed therein for vertical expansion and contraction relative thereto and this bellows has the gas-receiving chamber 19 formed therewithin. This bellows may be formed of a suitable strong flexible material, such as. nylon reinforced neoprene, or other material which can be molded into proper shape and will adequately withstand gas pressure,
oil fumes and the necessary repeated flexing and folding without losing its shape or otherwise quickly deteriorating. The lower end of this bellows may be sealed to a ring 100 which is attached to the base 11 at the separable joint 10a and its upper edge may be attached to the steel cap or head 3 of the bellows at a separable sealed joint 10d. This cap or head 3 is preferably dome-shaped to conform to the shape of the cap 2b of the case 2 and is suificiently strong to lift the pump shaft 16 and the column of oil. It is connected at a connecting and sealing unit of a suitable type, to the upper end of the pump shaft 16 so as to provide the lifting capacity to carry the weight of the pump shaft and associated pumping parts and the oil being lifted in the pumping operation.
The cap 3 is also provided with a depending valveactuating stud 4 which is screwed upwardly into a threaded socket in the cap for relative vertical adjustment. This stud 4 is one of themeans for actuating the quickacting control or reversing valve indicated generally at 12. Another means for actuating this valve is provided by a flexible actuating pull-producing connection between the valve 12 and the cap 3 and is shown as comprising a line 15 which may be of suitable flexible material such as stainless steel wire, cable or rope, and which is connected to the lower side of the cap 3 at a connection 15a and to one end of a lever 12a of the valve at 1512.
The valve 12 may be termed a positive flip-flop or snap-action valve and will be instantaneous in its action as the bellows head 3 approaches the upper and lower limits of its stroke. It is' provided with intake and exhaust ports connected to the bellows chamber 19. It can be any of the quick-acting types commonly available and must be capable of instantly opening the exhaust valve port as the intake valve port is closed at the top of the bellows stroke and, in like manner, of instantly closing the exhaust valve port and opening the intake valve port at the bottom of the stroke. The valve 12 is mounted on the bottom 11 and the ring 100 and for illustrative purposes is shown as including a housing 12b which is divided into four chambers comprising the lower chambers 12c and 12d and the upper chambers 122 and 12 The lower inlet chamber 120 connects with and receives gas from the pipe 160. The lower outlet chamber 12d connects to a low-pressure gas line 16d which will conduct the gas to a point of use or vent it to the atmosphere and which may be provided with a suitable check-valve. The upper chambers 12e and 12 communicate directly with the chamber 19 within the bellows 9. Between the chambers 12c and 122 is a valve seat 12g and between the chambers 12d and 12 is a valve seat 12h.
The details of the valve-actuating mechanism may vary but the mechanism is shown as comprising upwardly seating valve members 12i and 12 for cooperating with the respective seats 12g and 12h on the lower end of stems which pass upwardly into the chamber 19 and are pivotally connected to the valve lever 12a at the respective points 12k and 12l adjacent its opposite ends. The lever 12a is pivoted for, vertical swinging movement at point 12m intermediate its length to a fixed support 1211 upstanding in the chamber 19. An off-center snap-acting spring arrangement of the usual type is indicated for quickly snapping the valve lever 12a in each of its two respective final positions after it is actuated or triggered by either line 15 or stud 4. This arrangement is shown as comprising a compression spring connected between the upper projecting end of the support 1211 and the upper end of an upstanding arm which is disposed on the valve lever 12a in alignment with the pivot 12m thereof. The valve member 121 cooperates with the seat 12g to provide an intake valve and the valve member 12j cooperates with the seat 12h to provide an exhaust valve for the bellows expansion chamber 19 and these valves are alternately opened and closed.
The gas line which conducts gas from the well to the valve 12 preferably is provided with a flow control valve unit 13, which is of a suitable type, including a timing device which will automatically open and close at timed intervals to supply the actuating gas pressure for the pump. For wells that require intermittent pumping, the timing mechanism of the valve 13 may be of the pressure-operated type so as not to require the manual winding of a spring-type valve.
If insuflic-ient gas pressure is present in the well to operate the pump, a source of air pressure, such as a motor or engine (not shown), may be used for supplying the necessary actuating pressure. Also, if the pump is not to be equipped with the vacuum ballast counterbalance arrangement, and the usual mechanical counterbalance is connected to the pump (not shown) the case 1 will be eliminated and the case 2 will open continuously to the atmosphere. In this latter example, the case 2 would serve only as a protective cover for the bellows 9.
The pumping unit, as shown, will operate normally in the manner now to be described, assuming that the air has been substantially removed from the inner chamber 22 and the outer chamber 21 in a manner to be described later. Also, assuming the manual valve 23 in the gas line 166 is open, the valve 13 will open automatically at preselected intervals to supply gas pressure at the valve 12. Also assuming the bellows 9 is in its lowermost or collapsed condition, as shown in FIGURE 2, and the valve 12 is in the condition illustrated with the inlet valve member 12i unseated and the exhaust valve member 12f seated, the gas under pressure will flow past the valve seat 12g into the bellows expansion chamber 19 within the bellows 9 thereby causing the bellows to expand upwardly and lift the pump rod 16. The valve member 12 at this time will be seated to cut-off connection of the bellows expansion chamber 19 with the gas line 16d. The bellows cap 3 will be moved upwardly in the case 2. As the bellows 9 nears the extent of its expansion and the cap 3 approaches the extent of its upward movement to a level adjacent the cap 1a, the flexible line 15 is completely extended and will exert a pull on the valve lever 12a and trigger the valve mechanism so that, as shown in FIGURE 1, it will snap the valve into its other position where the inlet valve member 12i is seated and the exhaust valve member 12j is unseated. This will instantly interrupt flow of gas from the gas line 160 into the expansion chamber 19 within the bellows 9 but will connect that chamber to the gas receiving line 16a. The gas within the chamber 19 will now quickly escape past the valve seat 12h to the gas line 16d and this will instantly stop expansion of the bellows 9 and upward movement !of its cap 3 and immediately permit the weight of the rod 16 and suspended pump parts to exert a gravity pull on the bellows cap 3 and cause the bellows 9 to collapse. As the bellows cap 3 approaches its lowermost position, the stud 4 will strike the valve lever 12a and trigger the valve-actuating mechanism to cause it to snap the valve again into the position shown in FIGURE 2 at which time the gas supply line 160 will again be connected to the bellows expansion chamber 19 and the gas receiving line 16d will be disconnected therefrom at the reversing control valve 12.
The above-indicated cycle normally will be repeated over and over so that as the bellows cap 3 reaches a pre- .5 determined height, the actuator 15 for the valve 12 causes it to close the input valve port thereof and at the same instant open the exhaust valve port thereof allowing the bellows 9 to collapse as the weight of the pump shaft 16 and associated parts draws it down to the starting position and as it nears that position, the actuator 4 for the valve causes it to close the exhaust valve port and open the intake valve port thereby starting another cycle and continuing these cycles until the timer valve 13 or the manual valve 23 is closed to interrupt the flow of gas to the valve 12.
As previously indicated, it is preferred to have a vacuum ballast or counterbalance arrangement for counterbalance of the pump rod string which usually has its deadweight counterbalanced mechanically. For this purpose, the outer plenum chamber 21 is provided, in conjunction with the inner chamber 22, by enclosing the case- 2 within the case 1 and providing the cooperating valve arrangements described above including the valves 6, 17 and 20. 'In the initial operation of the pump, the valve 17 is closed manually. As the bellows cap 3 rises, it forces air or gas in the inner chamber 22 out past the valve 6 to the atmosphere. Also, the valve 20 is closed by positive pressure in the chamber 22. Both the bellows expansion chamber 19 and the plenum chamber'21 will not communicate with the atmosphere on the up stroke of the bellows but the inner chamber 22 will exhaust thereto through the valve 6. As the bellows 9 collapses and the cap 3 thereof moves downwardly, a negative pressure is created in the inner bellows enclosing chamber 22 above the cap 3. The resulting pressure differential, caused by this pumping-out operation, between the positive gas pressure beneath the cap 3 and the negative pressure above the cap 3, when the cap reache its lowermost position, will serve as a counterbalance force which will aid in counter'balancing the pump rod 16 and weight suspended therefrom, and in starting the up or expansion stroke of the bellows.
The control valve 17, between the outer plenum chamber 21 and the inner bellows-enclosing chamber 22, regulates an exchange of the negative pressure air between them after the initial starting of the pump and the resulting build-up of the vacuum or negative pressure. When the pump is first started, the valve 17 may be closed manually, a indicated above, to prevent air or gas from entering the outer chamber 21 through the valve port 17a. The bellows 9 will pump out air from the inner chamber 22 on the upstroke, through the valve 6, and will draw air from the outer chamber 21 on the downstroke, through the spring-loaded valve 20. Before the negative pressure in the inner chamber 22 is of a degree suflicient to stop the downward motion of the bellows head 3, the valve 17 is gradually opened manually until a regular reciprocating cycle of the pump occurs and this can be controlled in frequency by a balancing of the manual gas or air valve 23 and the manual control valve 17. The negative pressure above the cap 3 is created during pump-out of air as the bellows collapses to provide a void space in the inner chamber 22 without drawing air from the atmosphere, since during the downstroke, the chamber 22 only communicates with the outer plenum chamber 21, through the valve 20 which opens at -a selected negative pressure therein. The valve 20 will close, when for any reason, during the operation of the pump, the pump loses its prime or air finds its way into the inner chamber 22 creating a positive pressure therein. Thereafter the bellows assembly can pump out the air through the escape ball check valve 6 to the atmosphere until the partial vacuum is built up in both the inner chamber 22 and the outer chamber 21 to provide the counterbalance effect.
The use of the bellows arrangement in an oil-well pumping apparatus is particularly important due to the nature of that operation. It is important to have equipment which will resist surface erosion by chemicals present in the gas in the well heads and the bellows may be made from material which meets this requirement. Also, the
material of the equipment must resist abrasion by the abrasive sand and other materials brought up on the well head sucker rod and the material of the bellows meets this requirement. Also, the large area volume required for effectively utilizing the energy in the expandable gas and the oil head pressure must be great and this can be accomplished with the bellows without undue bulk and weight, which would be necessary with a piston and cylinder arrangement. Also, the piston to cylinder sliding contact areas for a large pumping unit of this type would be very great and there would be danger of fluid by-pass at these areas from one side of the piston to the other, whereas this would not be present in a bellows unit since the bellows provides a completely enclosed unit except at the connected pump rod.
Various other advantages will be apparent.
Having thus described my invention what I claim is:
1. A well-pumping unit for use on a well head having a pump rod extending therefrom comprising a support adapted to be disposed at the well head, an expansible bellows mounted on said support and having a fluid-receiving expansion chamber therewithin, said bellows including means for connecting it to said rod, a fluid inlet for conducting actuating fluid into said chamber for expanding said bellows and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid from said chamber to permit collapse thereof, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means operatively connected to said bellows for actuation thereby to control said valve in accordance with the expansion and collapse of said bellows.
2. A well-pumping unit for use on a well head having a pump rod extending upwardly therefrom comprising a base support adapted to be disposed at the well head with the rod extending slidably upwardly therethrough, an expansible bellows mounted on said base support, a cap on the bellows having means for connecting it to said rod, a fluid inlet for conducting actuating fluid into said chamber for expanding said bellows and a fluid outlet for exhausting fluid from said chamber to permit collapse thereof, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means connected to said bellows cap to control said valve in accordance with the vertical movement thereof produced by expansion and collapse of said bellows.
3. A well-pumping unit according to claim 2 in which said valve means comprises actuating means having a snap-action for moving it into either of two positions when triggered by said valve control means, said control means comprising a flexible line connected between said actuating means and said cap for triggering it as the bellows cap nears its uppermost position caused by expansion of the bellows to close said inlet and open said outlet and contacting means carried by said cap and engaging said valve actuating means for triggering it as the cap nears its lowermost position caused by collapse of the bellows to open said inlet and close said outlet.
4. A well-pumping unit according to claim 2 including an inner case enclosing said bellows and cap to provide an inner fluid chamber, an outer case enclosing said inner case to provide an outer fluid chamber, a passageway leading from said inner chamber to the atmosphere and having a one-way vent valve therein for permitting exhaust from said inner chamber as the bellows expands to move the cap upwardly therein but preventing intake of atmospheric air as the bellows collapses to move the cap downwardly in said inner chamber, and valve means controlling communication between said inner chamber and said outer chamber for pumping air from said chambers and expelling it to the atmosphere through said vent valve by operation of said bellows.
5. A well-pumping unit according to claim 4 in which said last-named valve means includes spring-'pressed'means and manually adjustable means.
6. A well-pumping unit according to claim in which said spring-pressed valve means opens under a selected negative pressure in said inner chamber and closes under positive pressure in said chamber.
7. In combination with a well having pumping means including a pump rod extending from the head thereof, a gas supply line leading from the well and a gas receiving line; a support mounted-at the well head, an expansible bellows mounted on said support and having an expan-.
sion chamber therewithin, means connecting said bellows tosaid pump rod so that expansion and collapse of the bellows will reciprocate said rod, a gas inlet leading from said gas supply line into said chamber and a gas outlet leading from said chamber to said gas receiving line, a reversing valve means for alternately closing said inlet and opening said outlet and opening said inlet and closing said outlet, and control means operatively connected to said bellows for actuation thereby to control said valve in accordance with the expansion and collapse of said bellows.
8. The combination of claim 7 including a timing valve connected to said gas supply line for controlling the supply of gas at timed intervals to said inlet.
9. The combination of claim 7 in which said means for connecting the bellows to said pump rod comprises a cap on the bellows vertically movable upon expansion and collapse of the bellows, said valve control means being connected to said cap to control said valve in accordance with the vertical movement thereof produced by expansion and collapse of said bellows.
10. The combination of claim 9 including an inner case enclosing said bellows and cap to provide an inner fluid chamber, an outer case enclosing said inner case to provide an outer fluid chamber, a passageway leading from said inner chamber to the atmosphere and having a oneway vent valve therein for permitting exhaust from said inner chamber as the bellows expands to move the cap upwardly thereinbut preventing intake of atmospheric air as the bellows collapses to move the cap downwardly in said inner chamber, and valve means controlling communication between said inner chamber and said outer chamber for pumping air from said chambers and expelling it to the atmosphere through said vent valve by operation of said. bellows.
11. The combination of claim 10 in which said lastnamed valve means includes spring-pressed means and manually adjustable means.
12. The combination of claim 11 in which said springpressed valve means opens under a selected negative pressure in said inner chamber and closes under positive pressure. in said chamber.
References Cited by the Examiner v UNITED STATES PATENTS 862,867 8/ 1907 Eggleston. 7 2,110,393 3/1938 Edwards 52 2,408,075 9/1946 Kowalski et al. 3,012,513 12/1961 Knox 103-52.
ROBERT M. WALKER, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A WELL-PUMPING UNIT FOR USE ON A WELL HEAD HAVING A PUMP ROD EXTENDING THEREFROM COMPRISING A SUPPORT ADAPTED TO BE DISPOSED AT THE WELL HEAD, AN EXPANSIBLE BELLOWS MOUNTED ON SAID SUPPORT AND HAVING A FLUID-RECEIVING EXPANSION CHAMBER THEREWITHIN, SAID BELLOWS INCLUDING MEANS FOR CONNECTING IT TO SAID ROD, A FLUID INLET FOR CONDUCTING ACTUATING FLUID INTO SAID CHAMBER FOR EXPANDING SAID BELLOWS AND A FLUID OUTLET FOR EXHAUSTING FLUID FROM SAID CHAMBER TO PERMIT COLLAPSE THEREOF, A REVERSING VALVE MEANS FOR ALTERNATELY CLOSING SAID INLET AND OPENING SAID OUTLET AND OPENING SAID INLET AND CLOSING SAID OUTLET, AND CONTROL MEANS OPERATIVELY CONNECTED TO SAID BELLOWS FOR ACTUATION THEREBY TO CONTROL SAID VALVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE EXPANSION AND COLLAPSE OF SAID BELLOWS.
US444698A 1965-04-01 1965-04-01 Pump motors Expired - Lifetime US3303750A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3354832A (en) * 1966-03-04 1967-11-28 John V Graham Well pump
FR2428157A1 (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-01-04 Paris Ecole Nale Sup Arts Meti Solar energy powered engine - uses expanding refrigerant to operate pump, with condenser in water tank to allow liquid refrigerant to return to radiant panel
US20030214199A1 (en) * 1997-02-07 2003-11-20 Sri International, A California Corporation Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US20040008853A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2004-01-15 Sri International, A California Corporation Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US20080245985A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2008-10-09 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US9195058B2 (en) 2011-03-22 2015-11-24 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system
US9231186B2 (en) 2009-04-11 2016-01-05 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Electro-switchable polymer film assembly and use thereof
US9425383B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2016-08-23 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Method of manufacturing electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications
WO2016180384A1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Eberhard Timm GmbH Device for suctioning gaseous or liquid media
US9553254B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2017-01-24 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films
US9590193B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-03-07 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Polymer diode
US9761790B2 (en) 2012-06-18 2017-09-12 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Stretch frame for stretching process
US9876160B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2018-01-23 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US862867A (en) * 1906-03-28 1907-08-06 Lewis Watson Eggleston Pneumatic pumping apparatus.
US2110393A (en) * 1935-07-03 1938-03-08 Edwards William Neal Hydraulic power unit
US2408075A (en) * 1944-05-04 1946-09-24 Jr Frank Kowalski Oil well pump
US3012513A (en) * 1959-05-15 1961-12-12 Camco Inc Timer controlled free piston well pumping apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US862867A (en) * 1906-03-28 1907-08-06 Lewis Watson Eggleston Pneumatic pumping apparatus.
US2110393A (en) * 1935-07-03 1938-03-08 Edwards William Neal Hydraulic power unit
US2408075A (en) * 1944-05-04 1946-09-24 Jr Frank Kowalski Oil well pump
US3012513A (en) * 1959-05-15 1961-12-12 Camco Inc Timer controlled free piston well pumping apparatus

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3354832A (en) * 1966-03-04 1967-11-28 John V Graham Well pump
FR2428157A1 (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-01-04 Paris Ecole Nale Sup Arts Meti Solar energy powered engine - uses expanding refrigerant to operate pump, with condenser in water tank to allow liquid refrigerant to return to radiant panel
US7320457B2 (en) 1997-02-07 2008-01-22 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US20030214199A1 (en) * 1997-02-07 2003-11-20 Sri International, A California Corporation Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US20090200501A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2009-08-13 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US7703742B2 (en) 1999-07-20 2010-04-27 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US20070164641A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2007-07-19 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US7064472B2 (en) * 1999-07-20 2006-06-20 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US7362032B2 (en) 1999-07-20 2008-04-22 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US7394182B2 (en) 1999-07-20 2008-07-01 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US20080245985A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2008-10-09 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US7537197B2 (en) 1999-07-20 2009-05-26 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US20040008853A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2004-01-15 Sri International, A California Corporation Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US20060158065A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2006-07-20 Sri International A California Corporation Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid
US20100176322A1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2010-07-15 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US7971850B2 (en) 1999-07-20 2011-07-05 Sri International Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow
US9425383B2 (en) 2007-06-29 2016-08-23 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Method of manufacturing electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications
US9231186B2 (en) 2009-04-11 2016-01-05 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Electro-switchable polymer film assembly and use thereof
US9553254B2 (en) 2011-03-01 2017-01-24 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films
US9195058B2 (en) 2011-03-22 2015-11-24 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system
US9876160B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2018-01-23 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices
US9761790B2 (en) 2012-06-18 2017-09-12 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Stretch frame for stretching process
US9590193B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-03-07 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Polymer diode
WO2016180384A1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Eberhard Timm GmbH Device for suctioning gaseous or liquid media

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