US3513484A - Artificial tendon - Google Patents

Artificial tendon Download PDF

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US3513484A
US3513484A US678556A US3513484DA US3513484A US 3513484 A US3513484 A US 3513484A US 678556 A US678556 A US 678556A US 3513484D A US3513484D A US 3513484DA US 3513484 A US3513484 A US 3513484A
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strip
bone
tendon
loops
artificial tendon
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US678556A
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John L Hausner
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Extracorporeal Medical Specialties Inc
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Extracorporeal Medical Specialties Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/08Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments

Definitions

  • the artificial tendon consists of a strip of Dacron woven with loop ends engaged with stainless steel perforated members securable to a bone and a muscle, the former provided with prongs to penetrate the bone.
  • the Dacron strip and portions of the ends are encased in silicone rubber.
  • the invention relates to artificial tendons of either temporary or permanent nature.
  • artificial tendons are used either for permanent replacement of the severed or damaged natural tendon or for temporary use while healing takes place.
  • Such tendons have consisted of tapes of Dacron (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) covered with a silicone rubber to prevent adherence to other tissues. These have been generally unsatisfactory particularly in the matter of securement to a muscle and bone.
  • an improved construction in which end members of stainless steel or other suitable metal are secured in loops in the ends of a strip of woven Dacron in such fashion as to avoid the possibility of disengagement.
  • the end members have openings respectively for the reception of suture threads and for a bone screw, with the latter provided with prongs to penetrate the bone for secure fastening.
  • a molded coating of silicone rubber encloses the tape and portions of the end members to prevent adherence to tissues and at the same time insure necessary flexibility.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevation of a strip of woven Dacron fabric from which strips are cut to provide the flexible tape portions of the artificial tendons;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged top plan View of the Dacron tape or strip with the end members secured in position, the tape or strip having its central portion broken away;
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the plane in dicated at 3-3 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the assembly shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated at 5-5 in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the artificial tendon.
  • the first step in the production of the preferred artificial tendon is the weaving of a fabric 2 of Dacron with its selvage edges formed as loops 4 which end at the integral junctions 6 with the single ply main central portion of the fabric.
  • the weaving per se is carried out in the conventional fashion well known in the weaving art for the formation, integrally with the central single ply portion of the fabric, of the double ply marginal portions constituting the loops which extend in the direction of the fabric warp.
  • One or more Wefts zig zag back and forth across the full width of the fabric.
  • the second step in the formation of the tendon comprises the cutting of a strip 10 from the fabric 2 along a line indicated at 8 to provide a tape or strip with the integral loops 12.
  • a strip or tape is integrally woven, it has very high tensile strength and the loops, which are attached to end members, are not subject to opening, being constituted by the ends of the passes of the continuous filling which extends back and forth through the entire tape.
  • the tape may have loops closed by stitching.
  • the overall length of the strip is chosen to suit the particular purposes for which it is intended, and may be long or short and of proper width to replace the natural tendon. When formed as described it is substantially inelastic.
  • a stainless steel end member 14 provided with a smoothly rounded opening indicated at 16 for the reception of sutures.
  • the member 14 is provided with integral tapered prongs 18 which are initially formed in a fashion in which they extend outwardly beyond the final positions indicated in the figures.
  • this end member is formed of cast stainless steel and is rigid in use, and assembly with the strip is effected by pressing the prongs 18 inwardly, to the position illustrated, within one of the loops 12.
  • Other noncorrodable metals, or even rigid plastics, may be used.
  • an end member 20 is provided, also of cast stainless steel or similar suitable material. This is provided with a countersunk opening 22 suitable for the reception of a screw which may be threaded into a bone. Like the other end member it is provided with prongs 24 which may be moved to provide proper engagement in and with the other fabric loop 12.
  • the member 20 is provided with integral prongs 26 adapted to be pressed into a bone to prevent possible rotation of the member relative to the bone about the axis of the securing screw.
  • the tendon is completed by molding a silicone rubber coating about the assembly just described to provide the central cover portion 28 and the enlarged ends 30 which embrace both the loops 12 and the portions of the end members which are inward of the openings 16 and 22.
  • the end member 20 is secured by a bone screw and the prongs 26 penetrate the bone to prevent relative rotation between the member and the bone so that a secure anchorage to the bone is achieved.
  • the end member 14 is sutured securely to the muscle involved or to a remaining portion of the natural tendon.
  • the entire structure has sufliicent tensile strength to provide the same forces as are normally provided by a natural tendon.
  • the silicone rubber coating or cover encloses the junctions of the end members with the loops of the strip and also encloses the Dacron strip to prevent any adherence to the adjacent tissues of the body.
  • the covering may be provided by a preformed tube of silicone rubber pulled over the assembly in such fashion as to provide tight'engagement at least at its ends with the end members.
  • An artificial tendon comprising a substantially in elastic, flexible elongated member of a physiologically in-' ert material having at at least one end a loop integral with the portion between the ends, at least one substantially rigid end member of physiologically inert material engaged with said loop and adapted for attachment to a bone, and a silicone rubber sheath encasing said elongated member and the region of its engagement with said rigid end member.

Description

y 1970 J. HAUSNER 3,513,484
ARTIFICIAL TENDON Filed Oct. 27, 1967 m w L ---w---- n FIG.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4.
- 7: Iii i R mE N N S WU WA H L N H 0 V ATTORNEYS 7 United States Patent O 3,513,484 ARTIFICIAL TENDON John L. Hausner, Norristown, Pa., assignor to Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc., Bridgeport, Pa., a
corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Oct. 27, 1967, Ser. No. 678,556 Int. Cl. A61f 1/24 US. Cl. 31 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The artificial tendon consists of a strip of Dacron woven with loop ends engaged with stainless steel perforated members securable to a bone and a muscle, the former provided with prongs to penetrate the bone. The Dacron strip and portions of the ends are encased in silicone rubber.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to artificial tendons of either temporary or permanent nature. Depending upon the extent of damage to tendons artificial tendons are used either for permanent replacement of the severed or damaged natural tendon or for temporary use while healing takes place. Heretofore such tendons have consisted of tapes of Dacron (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) covered with a silicone rubber to prevent adherence to other tissues. These have been generally unsatisfactory particularly in the matter of securement to a muscle and bone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention an improved construction is provided in which end members of stainless steel or other suitable metal are secured in loops in the ends of a strip of woven Dacron in such fashion as to avoid the possibility of disengagement. The end members have openings respectively for the reception of suture threads and for a bone screw, with the latter provided with prongs to penetrate the bone for secure fastening. A molded coating of silicone rubber encloses the tape and portions of the end members to prevent adherence to tissues and at the same time insure necessary flexibility.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevation of a strip of woven Dacron fabric from which strips are cut to provide the flexible tape portions of the artificial tendons;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged top plan View of the Dacron tape or strip with the end members secured in position, the tape or strip having its central portion broken away;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the plane in dicated at 3-3 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the assembly shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a transverse section taken on the plane indicated at 5-5 in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the artificial tendon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring first to FIG. 1, the first step in the production of the preferred artificial tendon is the weaving of a fabric 2 of Dacron with its selvage edges formed as loops 4 which end at the integral junctions 6 with the single ply main central portion of the fabric. The weaving per se is carried out in the conventional fashion well known in the weaving art for the formation, integrally with the central single ply portion of the fabric, of the double ply marginal portions constituting the loops which extend in the direction of the fabric warp. One or more Wefts zig zag back and forth across the full width of the fabric.
"ice
The second step in the formation of the tendon comprises the cutting of a strip 10 from the fabric 2 along a line indicated at 8 to provide a tape or strip with the integral loops 12. In view of the fact that such a strip or tape is integrally woven, it has very high tensile strength and the loops, which are attached to end members, are not subject to opening, being constituted by the ends of the passes of the continuous filling which extends back and forth through the entire tape. However, utilizing other aspects of the invention, the tape may have loops closed by stitching.
The overall length of the strip is chosen to suit the particular purposes for which it is intended, and may be long or short and of proper width to replace the natural tendon. When formed as described it is substantially inelastic.
Referring next particularly to FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, at one end of the strip there is located a stainless steel end member 14 provided with a smoothly rounded opening indicated at 16 for the reception of sutures. The member 14 is provided with integral tapered prongs 18 which are initially formed in a fashion in which they extend outwardly beyond the final positions indicated in the figures. Desirably, this end member is formed of cast stainless steel and is rigid in use, and assembly with the strip is effected by pressing the prongs 18 inwardly, to the position illustrated, within one of the loops 12. Other noncorrodable metals, or even rigid plastics, may be used.
At the other end of the strip an end member 20 is provided, also of cast stainless steel or similar suitable material. This is provided with a countersunk opening 22 suitable for the reception of a screw which may be threaded into a bone. Like the other end member it is provided with prongs 24 which may be moved to provide proper engagement in and with the other fabric loop 12. In addition, the member 20 is provided with integral prongs 26 adapted to be pressed into a bone to prevent possible rotation of the member relative to the bone about the axis of the securing screw.
The tendon is completed by molding a silicone rubber coating about the assembly just described to provide the central cover portion 28 and the enlarged ends 30 which embrace both the loops 12 and the portions of the end members which are inward of the openings 16 and 22.
The use and advantages of the artificial tendon will now be evident. The end member 20 is secured by a bone screw and the prongs 26 penetrate the bone to prevent relative rotation between the member and the bone so that a secure anchorage to the bone is achieved. The end member 14 is sutured securely to the muscle involved or to a remaining portion of the natural tendon. The entire structure has sufliicent tensile strength to provide the same forces as are normally provided by a natural tendon. The silicone rubber coating or cover encloses the junctions of the end members with the loops of the strip and also encloses the Dacron strip to prevent any adherence to the adjacent tissues of the body.
While the silicone rubber may be molded in position as described, the covering may be provided by a preformed tube of silicone rubber pulled over the assembly in such fashion as to provide tight'engagement at least at its ends with the end members. 1
I claim:
1. An artificial tendon comprising a substantially in elastic, flexible elongated member of a physiologically in-' ert material having at at least one end a loop integral with the portion between the ends, at least one substantially rigid end member of physiologically inert material engaged with said loop and adapted for attachment to a bone, and a silicone rubber sheath encasing said elongated member and the region of its engagement with said rigid end member.
2. An artificial tendon according to claim 1 in which the elongated member'has two loops and is woven with at leastone weft thread extending back and forth about and between said: loops. 7 a
3; An artificial tendon according to claim 2-in which the elongated member is woven of Dacron.
4. An artificial tendon according to claim 1 in which said end member is provided with bone-penetrating prongs.
7 References Cited:
UNITED STATES PATENTS a 841,157 1/1907 Knothe 2-338 7 968,299 8/1910 White 2338 1,141,663 6/1915 Jocobson 2338 1,938,158 12/1933 Steele 294-92 2,002,946 5/1935 Jacobs 2-32 1 XR 2,438,790 3/1948 Postlethwaite 128 -291 2,563,232 8/1951 Q-ejac 128291 2,871,859 2/1959 Dunn 128289 3,105,492 10/1963 Jeckel 128-334 3,176,316 /1965 Bodell 3-1 4 FOREIGN PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Bickharns Operative Surgery, vol. 2, p. 36 2, 1924."
Boat-Nail Fixation of Tendonsc and Ligaments to Cancellous Bonejnby Lt. Col. R. W. Augustine et al., Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol. 38A, No. 5, October 1956, pp. 1156-115 8. i
The Use of a Silastic Rod as an Adjunct to Flexor Tendon Grafting, by F. V. Nicolle, The Bulletin of the Dow Corning Center for Aid to Medical, Research, vol. 8, No. 3, July 1966, pp. 9 and 10. 5
RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary examina R. L. FRINKS, Assistant Examiner Us. 01. X 11. 128 334
US678556A 1967-10-27 1967-10-27 Artificial tendon Expired - Lifetime US3513484A (en)

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Cited By (91)

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US3646615A (en) * 1970-01-26 1972-03-07 Richard A Ness Reinforcing element for muscles
US3683422A (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-08-15 Cutter Lab Bone prosthesis
US3797047A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-03-19 Rhone Poulenc Sa Artificial tendon
US3896500A (en) * 1973-01-17 1975-07-29 Andre Rambert Method of and prosthesis for restoring ligaments of a joint
US3953896A (en) * 1974-09-06 1976-05-04 Richards Manufacturing Company, Inc. Prosthetic ligament
US3971670A (en) * 1974-07-17 1976-07-27 Homsy Charles A Implantable structure and method of making same
US3973277A (en) * 1974-01-30 1976-08-10 James Campbell Semple Attaching fibrous connective tissue to bone
US3988783A (en) * 1976-01-21 1976-11-02 Richards Manufacturing Company, Inc. Prosthetic collateral ligament
EP0008620A1 (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-03-19 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Tendon and ligament replacement using carbon fibres
US4209859A (en) * 1978-03-29 1980-07-01 Meadox Medicals, Inc. Ligament and tendon prosthesis of polyethylene terephthalate and method of preparing same
US4246660A (en) * 1978-12-26 1981-01-27 Queen's University At Kingston Artificial ligament
US4255820A (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-03-17 Rothermel Joel E Artificial ligaments
FR2477009A1 (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-09-04 Meadox Medicals Inc Ligament or tendon prosthesis - is polyethylene terephthalate strip held lengthwise while treated with shrinking agent to reduce lengthwise extensibility
US4345339A (en) * 1980-06-03 1982-08-24 Sulzer Brothers Limited Biologically implantable member for a tendon and/or ligament
US4590928A (en) * 1980-09-25 1986-05-27 South African Invention Development Corporation Surgical implant
DE3630138A1 (en) * 1986-09-04 1988-03-17 Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe Implant
US4776851A (en) * 1986-07-23 1988-10-11 Bruchman William C Mechanical ligament
US5049155A (en) * 1982-09-10 1991-09-17 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Prosthesis for tensile-load-carrying tissue and method of manufacture
US5180393A (en) * 1990-09-21 1993-01-19 Polyclinique De Bourgogne & Les Hortensiad Artificial ligament for the spine
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US20040087981A1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2004-05-06 Rod Berube Tissue fastener
US20050131546A1 (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-16 Amit Mor Replacement ligamentum teres femoris
US20070049944A1 (en) * 2004-06-09 2007-03-01 Arthrotek, Inc. Method and apparatus for soft tissue fixation
US7344539B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2008-03-18 Depuy Acromed, Inc. Intervertebral connection system
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