US3573831A - Proximity fuze microstrip antenna - Google Patents

Proximity fuze microstrip antenna Download PDF

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US3573831A
US3573831A US819884A US3573831DA US3573831A US 3573831 A US3573831 A US 3573831A US 819884 A US819884 A US 819884A US 3573831D A US3573831D A US 3573831DA US 3573831 A US3573831 A US 3573831A
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conductor
line
wave
dielectric
combination
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Gary L Forbes
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Avco Corp
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Avco Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/265—Open ring dipoles; Circular dipoles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • the radiator comprises a first conductor arranged so that an imperfect ground plane (hereinafter called ground plane") for the conductor embraces the missile and the conductor is in a coaxial relation to the ground plane and disposed radially slightly outwardly thereof.
  • a second conductor constitutes a parastic element and is disposed radially slightly outwardly of the first conductor.
  • the voltage node os the parastic element is electrically approximately displaced with respect to the voltage node of the first-mentioned conductor and the radiator is excited in a balanced mode with respect to the ground plane and the first-mentioned conductor in such a manner that the first conductor and the parasitical element are excited in aiding phase relationship.
  • the present invention constitutes a novel approach in energy radiators and particularly in its utilization of readily available components and its facility of manufacture.
  • a primary object of the invention is to achieve radio frequency radiation from two conductors which are placed closely together and close to the ground plane.
  • Another objectof the invention is to provide a radiator which is not directly affected in its electrical performance by the configuration of the munition body in which the radiator is installed.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a radiator which is rnade'up primarily by the usage of a readily available type of transmission line component.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one form of the invention, in a linear configuration
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially cut away, of second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a radiator of high frequency energy comprising a simple piece of MICROSTRIP to which has been added a half-wave parastic element.
  • MICROSTRIP as herein used has reference to the type of transmission line disclosed in an article entitled MICROSTRIP Plus Equations Adds up to Fast Designs," Electronics, Oct. 2, 1967 (New York: McGraw-Hill), Pp. 109- up of a ground plane ll, dielectric l2, and a flat conductor 13, hereinafter variously referred to as the first conductor or the inner conductor.
  • the ends of the conductor 13 are radio frequency open circuits.
  • the MICROSTRIP is mounted in any suitable object I0, such as a projectile, where 10 and 11 may be one and the same.
  • a suitable object I0 such as a projectile
  • I4 Spaced from the conductor 13 is a onehalf-wave length parasitic conductor I4, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the outer conductor or second conductor.
  • the outer conductor is a radio frequency open circuit at both ends.
  • the broken-away section 16 of first conductor 13 constitutes a balanced driving point.
  • a radiation generator 9, such 'as an oscillating transistor supplies the input feed of radio frequency energy at this point.
  • This embodiment of the invention consists simply of a halfwave MICROSTRIP line (equivalent of a half-wave open circuited line) plus a half-wave open circuited parasitic line. Voltage nodes exist in the vicinity of the centers of both conductors as far as all lines are concerned. Radiation is achieved by reason of cophasal, i.e., aiding or in-phase, electrical excitation of the lines and radio frequency losses in the ground plane.
  • a MICROSTRIP transmission line is slightly modified by the provision of the parastic element and the modified form is made to radiate energy by exciting the elements 13 and 14 in aiding fashion.
  • the unbalanced current is obtained due to the imperfect ground plane.
  • the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises essentially a half-wave MICROSTRIP line (which is the equivalent of a half-wave open circuited line) plus a parasticly fed one half-wave open circuited line. Since the current coupling is stronger than the voltage coupling between the two lines 13 and 14, the excitation is aiding or cophasal in time.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 in which similar elements having the same function as in the FIG. 1 embodiment are numbered the same with a prime mark added.
  • the MICROS- TRIP element there shown is in a circular configuration and it comprises the ground plane 11' and the first conductor 13'.
  • the element or second conductor 14' is a half-wave element.
  • the voltage maximum point 18 of the element 14 is electrically 180 angularly displaced from the voltage nodal point 15 of the split half-wave line 13'.
  • the nodal point of the half-wave dipole I3 is connected to the ground 11' by means of the shorting bar 15'.
  • the dipole 13' is energized by voltage connected to the high impedance points 20 and 21. The voltages applied to 20 and 21 are 180 out of phase.
  • the antenna illustrated in FIG. 2 includes the dielectric elements 12A and 128.
  • the bomblet or missile 10 is grooved and the antenna in accordance with FIG. 2 is simply wrapped around the bomblet, the ground plane element 11' of the MICROSTRIP being in contact with the metallic body of the bomblet 10'. Therefore, 10' and II are one and the same.
  • the outer conductor 14' may be spaced 0.100 inch from the body of the bomblet, to provide an illustration. That is to say, a spacing of the outermost surface of the antenna from the body of the bomblet may be on the order of 1/100 of a wave length.
  • the MICROST RIP line is a haIf-wave-length line made ing, in combination:
  • a half-wave line of the type comprising a unitary assembly of a lossy ground plane and a dielectric mounting and a first conductor imbedded in the dielectric;
  • a parasitic element comprising a second conductor closely spaced outwardly from said first conductor by an amount on the order of H100 of the wave length of the energy to be radiated, said line and second conductor being so proportioned and disposed that high frequency energy applied to a feed point on said first conductor electricallyexcites the first conductor and the parasitic element in thesame phase relationship;
  • a radiator comprising, in combination:
  • a resonant line of the type comprising a unitary assembly of parasitic element being spaced by an amount of the orderof 1/100 of the wave length of the energy to be radiated.

Abstract

An energy radiator for use in small projectiles is disclosed. Effective wave propagation is achieved from the radiator by propagating energy along two conductors, one of which is placed above the other as a parasitical element in which the voltage node is displaced approximately 0* with respect to the voltage node of the first conductor.

Description

United States Patent 2,116,734 5/1938 Reinartz Gary L. Forbes Holt, Mich.. 819,884
Apr. 28, 1969 Apr. 6, 197 1 Avco Corporation Richmond, 1nd.
Inventor Appl. No. Filed Patented Assignee PROXIMITY FUZE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 4 Claims, 4 Drawing Figs.
US. Cl 343/705, 343/846, 343/833, 343/873 Int. Cl H0lq 1/28 Field of Search 343/705,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1943 Leeds et al... 343/742 3/1946 Fyler 343/833X 1/1962 Fubini 343/847X 10/1967 Jones 343/708X 10/ 1969 Bassen et a1. 343/705 FOREIGN PATENTS 5/1963 Great Britain 343/741 Primary Examiner-Eli Lieberman Assistant ExaminerSaxfield Chatrnon, Jr. Att0meys-Charles M. Hogan and Eugene C. Goodale ABSTRACT: An energy radiator for use in small projectiles is disclosed. Effective wave propagation is achieved from the radiator by propagating energy along two conductors, one of which is placed above the other as a parasitical element in which the voltage node is displaced approximately 0 with respect to the voltage node of the first conductor.
GENERATOR Patented April 6, 1971 3,573,831
0 EH 4 I5 NVIiNTOR.
GARY L. FORBES 1 rnoxmrrv suzs MICROS'IRIP ANTENNA BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The prior art contains several types of antennas or radiators for use with missiles and the like. Examples are: the slot antenna, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,6I6,issued to John A.
- Kuecken on Jan. 3, I967; the folded slot antenna, disclosed in SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides an energy radiator which has particular utility in aproximity fuze. In one preferred form, the radiator comprises a first conductor arranged so that an imperfect ground plane (hereinafter called ground plane") for the conductor embraces the missile and the conductor is in a coaxial relation to the ground plane and disposed radially slightly outwardly thereof. A second conductor constitutes a parastic element and is disposed radially slightly outwardly of the first conductor. The voltage node os the parastic element is electrically approximately displaced with respect to the voltage node of the first-mentioned conductor and the radiator is excited in a balanced mode with respect to the ground plane and the first-mentioned conductor in such a manner that the first conductor and the parasitical element are excited in aiding phase relationship.
The present invention constitutes a novel approach in energy radiators and particularly in its utilization of readily available components and its facility of manufacture.
A primary object of the invention is to achieve radio frequency radiation from two conductors which are placed closely together and close to the ground plane.
Another objectof the invention is to provide a radiator which is not directly affected in its electrical performance by the configuration of the munition body in which the radiator is installed.
A further object of the invention is to provide a radiator which is rnade'up primarily by the usage of a readily available type of transmission line component.
For a better understanding of the invention together with further objects, advantages, and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following description of the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one form of the invention, in a linear configuration;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially cut away, of second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the embodiment of the invention of FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown a radiator of high frequency energy comprising a simple piece of MICROSTRIP to which has been added a half-wave parastic element. The expression MICROSTRIP as herein used has reference to the type of transmission line disclosed in an article entitled MICROSTRIP Plus Equations Adds up to Fast Designs," Electronics, Oct. 2, 1967 (New York: McGraw-Hill), Pp. 109- up of a ground plane ll, dielectric l2, and a flat conductor 13, hereinafter variously referred to as the first conductor or the inner conductor. The ends of the conductor 13 are radio frequency open circuits. The MICROSTRIP is mounted in any suitable object I0, such as a projectile, where 10 and 11 may be one and the same. Spaced from the conductor 13 is a onehalf-wave length parasitic conductor I4, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the outer conductor or second conductor. The outer conductor is a radio frequency open circuit at both ends. The broken-away section 16 of first conductor 13 constitutes a balanced driving point. A radiation generator 9, such 'as an oscillating transistor supplies the input feed of radio frequency energy at this point.
This embodiment of the invention consists simply of a halfwave MICROSTRIP line (equivalent of a half-wave open circuited line) plus a half-wave open circuited parasitic line. Voltage nodes exist in the vicinity of the centers of both conductors as far as all lines are concerned. Radiation is achieved by reason of cophasal, i.e., aiding or in-phase, electrical excitation of the lines and radio frequency losses in the ground plane.
Antennas achieve radiated energy by reason of an unbalance of currents. In accordance with the invention, a MICROSTRIP transmission line is slightly modified by the provision of the parastic element and the modified form is made to radiate energy by exciting the elements 13 and 14 in aiding fashion. The unbalanced current is obtained due to the imperfect ground plane. The structure illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises essentially a half-wave MICROSTRIP line (which is the equivalent of a half-wave open circuited line) plus a parasticly fed one half-wave open circuited line. Since the current coupling is stronger than the voltage coupling between the two lines 13 and 14, the excitation is aiding or cophasal in time.
Those versed in the art are aware that the requirement that an antenna must operate very close to a ground plane, or that it have a very limited depth, constitutes a rigorous design constraint. The use of MICROSTRIP and the parastic element in accordance with the invention, meets this requirement in a very simple manner.
Reference is now made to a preferred form of the invention as-illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 in which similar elements having the same function as in the FIG. 1 embodiment are numbered the same with a prime mark added. The MICROS- TRIP element there shown is in a circular configuration and it comprises the ground plane 11' and the first conductor 13'. Again, note that in this embodiment the element or second conductor 14' is a half-wave element. Note further that the voltage maximum point 18 of the element 14 is electrically 180 angularly displaced from the voltage nodal point 15 of the split half-wave line 13'. The nodal point of the half-wave dipole I3 is connected to the ground 11' by means of the shorting bar 15'. The dipole 13' is energized by voltage connected to the high impedance points 20 and 21. The voltages applied to 20 and 21 are 180 out of phase.
The antenna illustrated in FIG. 2 includes the dielectric elements 12A and 128. The bomblet or missile 10 is grooved and the antenna in accordance with FIG. 2 is simply wrapped around the bomblet, the ground plane element 11' of the MICROSTRIP being in contact with the metallic body of the bomblet 10'. Therefore, 10' and II are one and the same.
In the FIG. 2 embodiment the outer conductor 14' may be spaced 0.100 inch from the body of the bomblet, to provide an illustration. That is to say, a spacing of the outermost surface of the antenna from the body of the bomblet may be on the order of 1/100 of a wave length.
While present exemplary embodiments of this invention have been illustrated and described, it will be recognized that this invention may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced by those skilled in the art.
Iclaim:
I. radiator of particular utility in a proximity fuze compris- I 12. The MICROST RIP line is a haIf-wave-length line made ing, in combination:
a half-wave line of the type comprising a unitary assembly of a lossy ground plane and a dielectric mounting and a first conductor imbedded in the dielectric;
and a parasitic element comprising a second conductor closely spaced outwardly from said first conductor by an amount on the order of H100 of the wave length of the energy to be radiated, said line and second conductor being so proportioned and disposed that high frequency energy applied to a feed point on said first conductor electricallyexcites the first conductor and the parasitic element in thesame phase relationship; and
means for applying high frequency energy to said feed point.
2. The combination in accordance with claim I in which the second conductor is a parasitic half-wave element and in which both ends of said parasitic element are open circuited, whereby the combination comprises essentially two open-circuited half-wave lines.
3. The combination in accordance with claim 1 in which the line is arranged ina first circular configuration, in which'the second conductor is a half-wave element arranged in a circular configuration of slightly larger diameter than the first configuration, and in which the boundary conditions at the ends a of both lines and the feed point are arranged such that the voltage nodes of the first conductor and second conductor are electrically displaced by.0; and means for electrically connecting the midpoint of the first conductor to said ground plane.
4. A radiator comprising, in combination:
a resonant line of the type comprising a unitary assembly of parasitic element being spaced by an amount of the orderof 1/100 of the wave length of the energy to be radiated.
Po-ww UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent: No. :57 Dated April 6, 1971 Inventor(s) v Gary L. Forbes It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 1, line 7, "stephen" should be Stephen line 15., "dough nut" should be dough-nut line 26, "os" should be of Column 2, line 32, "parasticly" should be -parasitica lly line 34, "cophasal" should be co-phasal line 74, insert V A after "1. and before "radiator".
Column 4, line 13, insert element after "parasitic" an before "comprising".
Signed and sealed this 214th day of August 1971.
(SEAL) Attest:
EDJARD M.FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. AEtesting Officer Connniasionar of Patents

Claims (4)

1. RADIATOR OF PARTICULAR UTILITY IN A PROXIMITY FUZE COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION: A HALF-WAVE LINE OF THE TYPE COMPRISING A UNITARY ASSEMBLY OF A LOSSY GROUND PLANE AND A DIELECTRIC MOUNTING AND A FIRST CONDUCTOR IMBEDDED IN THE DIELECTRIC; AND A PARASITIC ELEMENT COMPRISING A SECOND CONDUCTOR CLOSELY SPACED OUTWARDLY FROM SAID FIRST CONDUCTOR BY AN AMOUNT ON THE ORDER OF 1/100 OF THE WAVE LENGTH OF THE ENERGY TO BE RADIATED, SAID LINE AND SECOND CONDUCTOR BEING SO PROPORTIONED AND DISPOSED THAT HIGH FREQUENCY ENERGY APPLIED TO A FEED POINT ON SAID FIRST CONDUCTOR ELECTRICALLY EXCITES THE FIRST CONDUCTOR AND THE PARASITIC ELEMENT IN THE SAME PHASE RELATIONSHIP; AND MEANS FOR APPLYING HIGH FREQUENCY ENERGY TO SAID FEED POINT.
2. The combination in accordance with claim 1 in which the second conductor is a parasitic half-wave element and in which both ends of said parasitic element are open circuited, whereby the combination comprises essentially two open-circuited half-wave lines.
3. The combination in accordance with claim 1 in which the line is arranged in a first circular configuration, in which the second conductor is a half-wave element arranged in a circular configuration of slightly larger diameter than the first configuration, and in which the boundary conditions at the ends of both lines and the feed point are arranged such that the voltage nodes of the first conductor and second conductor are electrically displaced by 0*; and means for electrically connecting the midpoint of the first conductor to said ground plane.
4. A radiator comprising, in combination: a resonant line of the type comprising a unitary assembly of a conductive ground plane and a dielectric mounting and a first conductor imbedded in the dielectric; and a parasitic comprising a second resonant line closely spaced outwardly from said first conductor and carried by said dielectric, said first line being arranged in a circular configuration and said parasitic element being concentric thereto, said first-mentioned resonant line and said parasitic element being spaced by an amount of the order of 1/100 of the wave length of the energy to be radiated.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3810183A (en) * 1970-12-18 1974-05-07 Ball Brothers Res Corp Dual slot antenna device
US3971125A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-07-27 Raytheon Company Method of making an antenna array using printed circuit techniques
USRE29296E (en) * 1970-12-18 1977-07-05 Ball Brothers Research Corporation Dual slot microstrip antenna device
US4070676A (en) * 1975-10-06 1978-01-24 Ball Corporation Multiple resonance radio frequency microstrip antenna structure
US4118706A (en) * 1977-09-29 1978-10-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Microstrip-fed parasitic array
US4477813A (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-10-16 Ball Corporation Microstrip antenna system having nonconductively coupled feedline
US4494120A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-01-15 Motorola, Inc. Two element low profile antenna
DE3420046A1 (en) * 1984-05-29 1987-01-08 Licentia Gmbh ANTENNA-LITER FOR ELECTRONIC PROXIMITY OR DISTANCE LITER
US5596316A (en) * 1995-03-29 1997-01-21 Prince Corporation Passive visor antenna
US6618017B1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy GPS conformal antenna having a parasitic element
US20060017619A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2116734A (en) * 1936-10-08 1938-05-10 Rca Corp Short-wave antenna
US2324462A (en) * 1941-11-15 1943-07-13 Gen Electric High frequency antenna system
US2405123A (en) * 1943-08-07 1946-08-06 Gen Electric Antenna system
US3016536A (en) * 1958-05-14 1962-01-09 Eugene G Fubini Capacitively coupled collinear stripline antenna array
GB926173A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-05-15 G S V Marine & Commericial Ltd Improvements in and relating to radio aerials
US3346865A (en) * 1964-12-10 1967-10-10 Jr Howard S Jones Slot antenna built into a dielectric radome
US3475755A (en) * 1967-04-21 1969-10-28 Us Army Quarter wave-length ring antenna

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2116734A (en) * 1936-10-08 1938-05-10 Rca Corp Short-wave antenna
US2324462A (en) * 1941-11-15 1943-07-13 Gen Electric High frequency antenna system
US2405123A (en) * 1943-08-07 1946-08-06 Gen Electric Antenna system
US3016536A (en) * 1958-05-14 1962-01-09 Eugene G Fubini Capacitively coupled collinear stripline antenna array
GB926173A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-05-15 G S V Marine & Commericial Ltd Improvements in and relating to radio aerials
US3346865A (en) * 1964-12-10 1967-10-10 Jr Howard S Jones Slot antenna built into a dielectric radome
US3475755A (en) * 1967-04-21 1969-10-28 Us Army Quarter wave-length ring antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3810183A (en) * 1970-12-18 1974-05-07 Ball Brothers Res Corp Dual slot antenna device
USRE29296E (en) * 1970-12-18 1977-07-05 Ball Brothers Research Corporation Dual slot microstrip antenna device
US3971125A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-07-27 Raytheon Company Method of making an antenna array using printed circuit techniques
US4070676A (en) * 1975-10-06 1978-01-24 Ball Corporation Multiple resonance radio frequency microstrip antenna structure
US4118706A (en) * 1977-09-29 1978-10-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Microstrip-fed parasitic array
US4477813A (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-10-16 Ball Corporation Microstrip antenna system having nonconductively coupled feedline
US4494120A (en) * 1983-04-29 1985-01-15 Motorola, Inc. Two element low profile antenna
DE3420046A1 (en) * 1984-05-29 1987-01-08 Licentia Gmbh ANTENNA-LITER FOR ELECTRONIC PROXIMITY OR DISTANCE LITER
US5596316A (en) * 1995-03-29 1997-01-21 Prince Corporation Passive visor antenna
US6618017B1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2003-09-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy GPS conformal antenna having a parasitic element
US20060017619A1 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna device
US7132986B2 (en) * 2004-07-08 2006-11-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Antenna device

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