US3719490A - Photosensitive element containing a photoreducible palladium compound and the use thereof in physical development - Google Patents

Photosensitive element containing a photoreducible palladium compound and the use thereof in physical development Download PDF

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US3719490A
US3719490A US00653025A US3719490DA US3719490A US 3719490 A US3719490 A US 3719490A US 00653025 A US00653025 A US 00653025A US 3719490D A US3719490D A US 3719490DA US 3719490 A US3719490 A US 3719490A
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palladium
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J Yudelson
H Gysling
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/14Esterification
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/50Compositions containing noble metal salts other than silver salts, as photosensitive substances
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03CPHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/02Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
    • G03C8/04Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals

Definitions

  • Physical developer baths which are stable under storage conditions can be formulated from salts or complexes of some metals other than silver; however, these stable physical developer baths do not respond to the catalysts which are commonly used in silver physical development, such as colloidal silver, zinc sulfide, nickel sulfide, etc.
  • a photographic element containing a lightsensitive palladium compound which on exposure to actinic light forms catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from a physical developer. Catalytic centers or sites are formed by photoreduction of the palladium compound to elemental palladium, or to a compound which is readily reduced to elemental palladium. After exposure the element can be washed to remove unexposed palladium compound, or in some embodiments this washing is not required. The element is then contacted with a physical'developer comprising a heavy metal salt, a complexing agent for the metal salt and a reducing agent.
  • the palladium nuclei formed by exposure act as catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from a bath of the physical developer. They constitute a-laten't image which is formed by exposure and which is developed and given density by building up a deposit of metal thereon from the physical developer bath.
  • the element is contacted with a receiving sheet containing the physical developer and the unexposed palladium compound migrates to the receiving sheet where it is reduced and developed.
  • Light-sensitive palladium compounds such as salts and complexes of palladium are useful in the elements of this invention.
  • Light-sensitive palladium compounds which are useful in the practice of the present invention include those having the general formula:
  • L is a ligand such as a halogen ligand such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine, a carboxylic acid ligand such as a malonate group, anoxalate group, etc., and aromatic ligand such as phenol, styrene, naphthol, etc., a nitrogen ligand such as ammonia, an amine such as methyl amine, ethyl amine, benzyl amine, propane diamine, tetraethylene pentamine, aminoethanol, methylaminoethanol, am'inonaphthol, bipyridine, phenanthroline, ethylenediamirietetraacetic acid, etc., a nitrile such as nitrilotriethanol, benzonitrile, etc., an imine such as iminodiethanol, an oxime such as salicylaldoxime or an azide such as benzhydrazi
  • Light-sensitive compounds of Formula (I) which are useful in the present invention include: palladium diammine dichloride, palladium styrene dichloride, palladium di(tributylphosphine) dichloride, palladium di(benzonitrile) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylphosphine) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylarsine) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylantimony) dichloride, palladium di(l-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(2-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(S- amino-l-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(benzylamine') dichloride, palladium o-phenylenediamine dichloride, palladium l,l0-phenanthroline dichloride, palladium 2,2-bipyridine dichloride, palladium di(benzyhydrazide) dich
  • Light-sensitive palladium compounds useful in the practice of the present invention can be prepared by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Preparation of some of the palladium compounds useful in the present invention are shown in Examples 1, 3 and 6. Preparative methods for other palladium'compounds can be found in such works as Encyclopedia of Chemical Reactions, C.A. Jacobson; Reinhold Publishing Corp. N.Y.; Vol. 'V, i953, pp. 301-321; and Tretise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, G.W. Mellor; Longmans Green & Co., N.Y., Vol. XV, 1936, pp. 654-685.
  • the physical developer which is used to produce a visible image can comprise an aqueous bath in which is dissolved a salt of a heavy metal, a complexing agent for the metal ion', and reducing agent.
  • the physical developer bath is chosen so that deposition of the heavy metal from the bath is catalyzed by palladium nuclei produced on exposure.
  • the heavy metal deposited from the bath must itself be autocatalytic; that is, it must act as a catalyst for further deposition of metal from the developer. This is necessary in order that deposition and development will continue after palladium nuclei are enveloped with heavy metal.
  • suitable heavy metals can be selected from Group VIII metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, palladium and platinum, Group VIB metals such as chromium and Group IB metals such as copper, silver and gold. Almost any heavy metal salt which is a source of the desired heavy metal ions can be employed.
  • Suitable heavy metal salts useful in the invention include heavy metal halides such as cobaltous bromide, cobaltous chloride, cobaltous iodide, ferrous bromide, ferrous chloride, chromium bromide, chromiurn chloride, chromium iodide, copper chloride, silver bromide, silver chloride, silver iodide, gold chloride, palladium chloride and platinum chloride, heavy metal sulfates such as nickel sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, chromium sulfate, copper sulfate, palladium sulfate and platinum sulfate, heavy metal nitrates such as nickel nitrate, ferrous nitrate, cobaltous nitrate, chromium nitrate and copper nitrate, and heavy metal salts of organic acids such as ferrous acetate, cobaltous acetate, chro
  • Baths can be formulated based on a single heavy metal or based on mixtures of heavy metals. When more than one heavy metal is employed in the bath, the image which is deposited will generally be an alloy of the two metals.
  • Physical developers based on noble metals such as silver, gold and platinum are relatively unstable and cannot be stored for long periods of time. However, such physical developers are operative in the processes of this invention and can be employed if the developer bath is prepared shortly before use.
  • the complexing agent employed in the physical developer bath should tie up the metal ions so that they show a lessened tendency to be reduced spontaneously. However, the complexing agent should not bind the metal ions so tightly that they will be unable to be reduced. and deposited on the latent image sites in the presence of the catalyst.
  • Suitable complexing agents include ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, organic acids such as aspartic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, salts of organic acids such as sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium glycolate, potassium glycolate, sodium succinate, potassium succinate, potassium sodium tartrate, etc.
  • a single complexing agent can be used or a combination of more than one complexing agent can be incorporated in the physical developer bath. 7
  • the reducing agent can be any compound which provides a ready source of electrons for the reduction of the metal ions and which does not otherwise interfer with development.
  • a general criteria for a reducing agent useful in the physical developers of the present invention is that the potential of the chemical couple of the reducing agent, written as follows:
  • Reducing agent Products electrons must be more positive than that for the metal or metals which are to be deposited from the bath.
  • the potential for the nickel couple is the potential for the nickel couple:
  • NiF-"Ni* 2 electrons is +0.27? volts for acidic solutions. It is necessary for the reducing agent to possess a potential that is greater, i.e., more positive, than +0.277 volts in order that it be capable of reducing nickel ions in the bath.
  • Suitable reducing agents include hypophosphites such as sodium hypophosphite, manganous hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, etc., hydrosulfites such as sodium hydrosulfite, potassium hydrosultite, calcium hydrosulfite, etc., borohydrides such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, etc., hydrazines, and the like.
  • the proportions in which the various components of the physical developer are present in the bath can vary over a wide range. Suitable concentrations of metal salt in the developer bath are in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.5 moles of metal salt per liter of bath. The upper limit of concentration is controlled by the solubility of the particular metal salt employed. Preferably, the bath is between about 0.05 molar and 0.25 molar with respect to metal salt.
  • the relative proportions of metal salt and complexing agent are dependent upon the particular metal salt or salts and the particular complexing agent or agents which are employed. As a general rule sufficient complexing agent should be incorporated to bind the metal ions and lessen the tendency of the metal ions to be reduced prior to use of the developer.
  • the amount of complexing agent present can vary from about 4 mole to about moles of complexing agent per mole of metal salt present.
  • the reducing agent can be present in amounts of from about 0.1 moles to about 5 moles of reducing agent per mole of metal salt present.
  • the palladium compound in preparing photosensitive elements utilizing the palladium compounds of this invention, can be imbibed in or coated on a support, or it can be incorporated in a self-supporting binder.
  • Suitable porous supports include paper, coated paper, porcelain, polymeric films, such as are described hereinafter, on which is coated such porous materials as gelatin, olefinic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl phthalates, etc., carboxyl containing polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether phthalates, cellulose ether succinates, cellulose ether maleates, copolymers of alkyl acrylates with acrylic acid, etc., and the like.
  • olefinic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl phthalates, etc.
  • carboxyl containing polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether phthalates, cellulose ether succinates, cellulose ether maleates, copolymers of alkyl acrylates with acrylic acid, etc., and the like.
  • the amount of palladium compound that is taken up in the support generally varies from about 2 to about 25 mg. of palladium/ft.
  • the amount which is absorbed by a polymer coating on film base is dependent on the nature and coverage of the polymer, the degree to which it has been crosslinked, the temperature of the imbibing bath, and the pH of the bath. Coverages as low as 2 mg. of palladium/ft are adequate when using development conditions described herein.
  • the photographic speed will increase with increasing concentration of the light-sensitive palladium compound.
  • the preferred coverage is generally in the range of l0 to 25 mg. of palladium/ft.
  • the palladium compound When the palladium compound is coated on a support, it is generally coated with a hydrophilic binder. A solution or dispersion of the palladium compound and binder is formulated, and after thorough mixing it is coated on the support by any well-known coating process such as hopper coating, doctor-blade coating, dip coating, swirl coating, spray coating, etc.
  • Suitable binders in which the palladium compounds of the present invention can be incorporated include gelatin such as bone gelatin, pigskin gelatin, etc.; olefinic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phthalates, etc., carboxyl containing polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether phthalates,
  • Non-hydrophilic polymers such as ethyl cellulose can be used in procedures which do not involve imbibition and where the coating composition is a stable dispersion which gives a porous coating upon drying. Such a coating is described in Example 8.
  • the palladium compound-binder composition can be coated from aqueous solution, or it can be coated from an organic solvent.
  • the palladium compound-binder composition will form a water-in-oil type dispersion with the organic solvent.
  • Suitable solvents include water immissible hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, etc.; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, etc.; and the like. Mixtures of such solvents can be employed advantageously in the practice of this invention.
  • palladium is present in an amount equal to at least about 0.5 weight percent of the coating composition.
  • the upper limit in the amount of palladium present can be varied widely.
  • palladium is normally present in an amount from about 0.5 weight percent of the coating composition to about 20 weight percent of the coating composition.
  • a preferred weight range for palladium in the coating composition is from about 1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.
  • Coating thicknesses of the palladium compound binder compositions on a support can vary widely. Normally, a wet coating thickness in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.01 inch is useful in the practice of the invention. A preferred range of coating thickness is from about 0.002 inch to about 0.007 inch before drying, although such thicknesses can vary depending upon the particular application contemplatedfor'the element.
  • Suitable supports for coating the palladium compound-binder compositions of the present invention include paper, polyethylene-coated paper, glassine, vegetable parchment, polymeric films such as polystyrene film, cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, cellulose acetate-butyrate film, cellulose acetate-propionate film, polyethylene-terephthalate film, polyethylene-sebacate film, polyethylene-adipate film, etc., and the like.
  • a separate support need not be utilized, the binder acting as the support material.
  • Elements prepared according to the present invention can be exposed by techniques well known to those skilled in the art of photography. Since the compounds of this invention exhibit their greatest sensitivity in the blue and near ultraviolet regions, light sources rich in such radiation are preferably employed. Exposure to actinic light causes the reduction of the palladium compound to nuclei of elemental palladium which act as catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from the physical developer. Depending upon the light source and the particular palladium compounds, exposure times of from several seconds to several minutes give satisfactory latent images.
  • Development of exposed elements can be efl'ected by contacting the element with a physical developer bath, for example by immersion, for a period of time sufficient to produce an image of the desired density.
  • the time required to deposit a satisfactory heavy metal image from the physical developer bath on the element can vary from 1 second to several hours depending upon the composition of the particular bath being employed, the density of heavy metal image desired, and the temperature of the bath. Satisfactory images can be produced from baths at room temperature (20 C.) or at elevated temperatures. Bath temperature of from 20 C. to 100 C. are preferred.
  • Development can also be effected using a diffusion transfer process.
  • the photosensitive element is exposedin the usual manner and is then contacted with a receiving sheet into which has been imbibed one of the physical developer solutions described above.
  • heat is applied to promote diffusion of unexposed palladium compound from the, element to the receiving sheet.
  • Contact temperatures of from 45 C. to 100 C. are suitable.
  • the palladium compound migrates from the element to the receiving sheet where it is reducedand catalyzes the reduction of heavy metal salt in the sheet to form a positive image on thereceiving sheet.
  • the palladium compound does not migrate as rapidly because of the smaller differential in concentration of palladium compound between the ex posed areas of the element and the receiving sheet which results from the formation ,of palladium nuclei on exposure and the reduction of palladium compound in the vicinity of these nuclei.
  • the difference in concentration of the palladiumcompound in exposed and unexposed areas of the element permits the transfer of sufficient palladium compound to the receiving sheet from unexposed areas of the' element before a significant amount of palladium compound has been transferred from exposed areas of the element.
  • the image formed on the receiving sheet can be used as such, in some instances it is preferred that the image be darkened further by immersing the receiving sheet in one of the physical developer baths described herein.
  • the physical developer solutions which are imbibed into the receiving sheet differ somewhat from the physical developer baths used for immersion development in that they contain a greater proportion of heavy metal salt and reducing agent and a lesser proportion of complexing agent.
  • the additional reducing agent is required to effect reduction of the unexposed palladium compound.
  • the ratio of reducing agent to metal salt can be thesame as described above, although ratios of from about 1 to' about 5 moles of reducing agent per mole of metal salt are preferred.
  • the ratio of complexing agent to metal salt is lower than the range indicated above. Ratios of 'complexing agent to heavy metal salt of from about 0.5 moles to about 2.0-moles of complexing agent per mole of heavy metal salt are preferred. As in the case of the baths discussed above, these ratios will vary depending upon the particular metal salt and complexing agent employed.
  • the photosensitive compositions and elements of thisinvention find use in a wide variety of applications
  • Elements containing the photosensitive palladiumcompounds of this invention can be exposed to actinic radiation through a subject to be copied such as a trans parency, and can then be developed with an appropriate physical developer bath.
  • the processes and elements of this invention can be used to produce positive'or negative copies from originals and continuous tone and line negatives for a variety of use for which systems based on silver are employed.
  • Properties of certain of the heavy metal images can be utilized for specialized applications. For example, ink receptive metals can be used to produce lithographic printing masters, electrical conducting metals can be used to prepare printed circuits, and magnetic metals can be used to prepare magnetic images or records.
  • the ink receptive properties of the heavy metal deposited from the physical developer bath can be employed advantageously to make lithographic plates. Elements used to prepare such lithographic plates and masters require that the support and binder used be hydrophilic. Thus, after exposure and development, the heavy metal image areas will readily receive ink while in background areas, where heavy metal has not been deposited, ink will be repelled by the hydrophilic support or binder. These elements should be developed for a period of time sufficient to deposit from the developer bathenough heavy metal to mask the hydrophilic properties of the substrate in image areas. While the density of heavy metal required will vary depending upon the particular substrate and heavy metal employed, and the conditions under which it has been deposited, a heavy metal image density of about 1 gram/square foot or greater is generally sufficientto mask the hydrophilic properties of the substrate.
  • the electrical conductive properties of images of such heavy metals as copper, iron, nickel, etc. can be employed to produce printed circuits using the elements and process of this invention.
  • the supports and binders used should be non-conductive.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Four grams of potassium chloride were dissolved in 150 ml of water and 2.5 gm. of palladium chloride (PdCl were added to this solution, The mixture was stirreduntil all of the palladium chloride was dissolved. The solution was evaporated on a steam bath to a volume of 50 ml. and cooled in an ice bath. The resulting crystals were washed twice with cold water, then washed with ethanol and then ether. They were dried at room temperature. The yield of potassium palladous chloride (K,PdCl,) was approximately percent based on the palladium chloride.
  • a strip of water-leaf paper-stock was impregnated with a dilutelone-half percent) solution of potassium palladous chloride. After drying, the impregnated strip was exposedto a 350 watt mercury are at a distance of l4-inches for one minute. The stripwas then washed for several minutes in running water to remove unexposed palladium compound. It was then immersed in the following cobalttype physical developer at C.
  • Aspartic acid HOCOCHNH,CH,COOH 20.0 g.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Palladium tetrammine chloride (Pd(NH Cl was prepared by dissolving palladous chloride in concentrated ammonium hydroxide, then lowering the pH of the solution to 6.0 with hydrochloric acid. A paper strip was impregnated with a dilute solution (0.5 percent) of this complex and dried. After drying, the strip was exposed as described in Example 1. The strip was developed by immersion for two seconds in the following nickel-type physical developer at 90 C.
  • Sodium hypophosphite NaH,PO,-H,O l g. Ammonium chloride 50 g.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A paper strip was impregnated with palladium tetrammine chloride as in Example 3 and dried. The strip was exposed with a mercury are as described in Example 1, and was developed by immersion for five seconds in the following iron-type physical developer at 75 C.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A paper strip was impregnated with potassium palladous chloride as in Example 1 and dried. The strip was exposed to a mercury arc as described in Example 1. The exposed strip was then washed for several minutes in running water to remove unreacted palladium compound. It was then developed by immersion in the following chromium-type physical developer for seconds at 99 C.
  • Chromium acetate CrAc 30 g. Sodium acetate NaAc-3H,O 20 g. Sodium glycolate 40 g.
  • Potassium palladium oxalate (K,Pd0x was prepared as follows. Two grams of potassium palladous chloride were dissolved in 20 ml. of water. Another solution was prepared consisting of 10 grams of potassium oxalate (K Ox-H O) in 40 ml. of water. The two solutions were mixed together and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature. The precipitate which formed was filtered and washed with ethanol until thefiltrate was free of chloride ion. It was then washed briefly with ethyl ether and dried at room temperature. The yield of potassium palladium oxalate was approximately 60 percent based on potassium palladous chloride.
  • EXAMPLE 7 The following solution was prepared; Poly(vinyl alcohol) (sold as 71-30" by E.l. DuPont De Nemours & Co.), 5 percent aqueous solution 10 g. Palladium tetrammine chloride (0.5 percent solution) 10 ml. Boric acid (1 percent solution) 1 ml. The above solution was coated on a poly(vinyl alcohol) subbed polyester film base using an 0.005 inch coating knife. After drying it was exposed behind a negative to a 350 watt mercury are at a distance of 14 inches for one minute. It was developed by immersion for 15 seconds in the cobalt-type physical developing bath described in Example 1. The exposed area of the film strip had a density of over 1.0 whereas the unexposed area remained transparent.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Ten ml. of the coating solution described in Example 7 was dispersed in 20 ml. of a 3.5 percent solution of ethyl cellulose (sold as T-lO, by the Hercules Chemical Co.) in toluene by means of a blender. A stable water-in-oil dispersion was obtained. A coating of the dispersion was made on paper using a 0.005 inch knife and dried. The coated element thus obtained was exposed and developed as in Example 7. The exposed area of the strip had a density exceeding 1.0 whereas the unexposed area had a density of less than 0.01
  • EXAMPLE 9 A strip of poly(ethylene terephthalate) support coated with gelatin at a coverage of 350 mg. of gelatin/ft was immersed into a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate (K PdOx whose pH had been lowered to 2.0 by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid. After minutes immersion, the film was wiped, dried, and exposed for 30 seconds through a line copy negative to an exposure unit drawing 1000 watts distributed among a small fan and 28 tungsten bulbs. The bulbs are 2-% inches from the negative during exposure. The film was then developed for 3 seconds in the nickel-type physical developer of Example 3.
  • K PdOx potassium palladium oxalate
  • EXAMPLE 10 A strip of paper was immersed into a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate whose pH had been lowered to 2.8 by the addition of oxalic acid. After 10 minutes immersion, the paper was dried and exposed for 7 seconds through a line copy negativeto the exposure unit described in Example 9. It was then developed for 3 seconds in the nickel physical developer of Example 3. A good quality positive print was obtained. A sample of the film which had been imbibed with a potassium palladium oxalate solution whose pH had not been lowered from its original value (5.8) required an exposure of- 30 seconds in order to obtain a good'image using the development conditions describedabove.
  • EXAMPLE 11 A paper strip was impregnated with palladium tetrammine chloride and dried. it was'exposed as described in Example 7 and developed for 1 minute at 25 C. in a physical developer containing copper ions and a reducing agent (sold as Enplate CU-400" by Enthone, Inc.) The exposed areas of the strip had a dark image whereas the unexposed areas had a very faint image.
  • EXAMPLE l2 with the following physical developer to form a 6 processing web and receiver.
  • the web was placed against the exposed film, and
  • EXAMPLE 13 A subbed polyethylene-coated paper support on which is coated a heavy layer of a titanium dioxidegelatin mixture was soaked in a 0.5 percent potassium palladium oxalate (K,Pd0x,) solution at pH 2.8. The sheet was exposed through a negative line image by means of a bank of eight 8-wa tt black-light tubes (GE F8T5-BL) for 30 seconds at a distance of 2 inches. It was then developed for approximately 2 minutes in the nickel physicaldeveloper solution of Example 3 at C. A heavy metallic nickel image appeared on the sheet in the exposed areas, whereas the unexposed areas remained free of metal.
  • K,Pd0x, potassium palladium oxalate
  • the developed sheet was put on an offset printing press, wet with fountain solution (a dilute acid) and then inked with an oil-based ink.
  • the plate took up ink in the nickel image'ar eas and the background remained ink free.
  • Several impressions were made using this printing master.
  • the adhesion of the metal image to the support was excellent.
  • EXAMPLE 14 A sheet of baryta coated paper was soaked in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate adjusted to pH 2.8. The treated sheet was exposed through a negative line image as .in Example 13. It was then developed for approximatelyZ-hbu'rs in the nickel physical developer of Example 6 at room temperature. A heavy metallic nickel image appeared on the sheet in the exposed areas whereas the unexposed areas remained free of metal. The developed sheet was soaked in water and inked with lithographers" ink. The sheet was then pressed against a sheet of bond paper and gave an excellent ink transfer. The sheet was. reinked and the procedure carried out for several impressions. There was no change in the wettability characteristics of the master with extended use.
  • EXAMPLE 1s A sheet of polyethylene-coated paper on which had been coated a mixture of titanium dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol was soaked in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate adjusted to pH 2.8. The sheet was exposed through a negative line image by means of a bank of eight 8-watt black-light tubes for 30 seconds at a distance of 2 inches. It was then developed for approximately 1 minute in a copper physical developer solution at room temperature. The physical developer wasprepared by mixing five parts of the following solution with one part of a 37 percent formal- 5 dehyde solution.
  • Triethanolamine (HOC,H );N l3 gm.
  • Disodium ethylene diaminetet'raacetic acid 6.5 gm. g Sodium hydroxide 50 gm. Sodium carbonate l7 gm. Water to make 1 liter
  • the developed sheet showed an excellent copper image in the exposed areas. It was put on an offset printing press, wet with fountain solution, and inked with an oilbased ink. The plate showed good inking differentiation and several prints were made with this printing master?
  • EXAMPLE 16 A sheet of light weight water-leaf paper was impregnated with a 0.5 percent solution of palladium tetrammine chloride and dried. It was then exposed to a 350 watt mercury arc at a distance of 14 inches for one minute behind a negative which contained a line pattern. The exposed sheet was then immersed for five seconds at 90 C. in the following nickel type physical developer:
  • Nickel chloride NiCl,'6H,O 30 gms.
  • Sodium hypophosphite NaH,PO,-H,O gms.
  • Ammonium chloride NH Cl 50 gms.
  • EXAMPLE 17 An absorbent porcelain plate (Streak Plate" sold by the Will Corporation) was dipped briefly in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate and dried. lt was-exposed as in Example 16 behind a negative which contained a line pattern. The plate was then immersed for three minutes at 95 C. in the following nickel physical developer:
  • Nickel chloride (NiCl,-6H,O) 30 gms.
  • Sodium hypophosphite (NaH,PO,-H,O) 10 gms.
  • Sodium citrate (Na,C.H,O,'5 /&H,O) 100 gms.
  • Ammonium chloride (NPLCI) 50 gms.
  • EXAMPLE 18 A sheet of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film base coated with gelatin at a coverage of 350 mg. of
  • a photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive compound which on exposure to actinic light forms catalytic centers for the deposition of metal from a physical developer, said compound having the formula [Pd(L),],, Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands; M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and onium ions, and [Pd(L) groups; x is an integer from 0 throughz4; y is an integer from 1 through 4; ,z is an integer from 0 through 2;
  • a photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium palladium oxalate, palladium oxalate, palladium tetrammine chloride, palladium tetrammine bromide, and potassium palladous chloride.
  • a photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive composition comprising potassium palladium oxalate
  • a method of producing photographic images comprising the steps of l. imagewise exposing to actinic light a photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive palladium compound, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound has the formula [Pd(L),],, Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and [Pd(L), groups; x is an integer from 0 through 4; y is an integer from 1 through 4;
  • z is an integer from 0 through 2; and x and z are not 0 at the same time, and 2.
  • developing the latent image thus formed with a physical developer comprising a reducible heavy metal salt selected from the group consisting of nicket salts; cobalt salts, iron salts, chromium salts, copper salts, and mixtures thereof, a complexing agent for heavy metal ions from saidsalt and a reducing agent for heavy metal ions from said salt.

Abstract

Light-sensitive palladium compounds are reduced on exposure to actinic light to nuclei which are catalytic centers for the deposition of metal from a physical developer. The palladium nuclei are catalysts for deposition of metal from stable physical developers, which developers do not respond to catalysts used in the physical development of silver latent images.

Description

United States Patent Yudelson et a1. March 6, 1973 PHOTOSENSITIVE ELEMENT [56] References Cited CONTAINING A PHOTOREDUCIBLE PALLADIUM COMPOUND AND THE UNHED STATES PATENTS USE THEREOF IN PHYSICAL 2,267,953 12/1941 Schumpelt ..96/88 X 3,011,920 12/1961 Shipley ..l17/213 DEVELOPMENT 3,157,502 11/1964 Jonker et al .96/48 PD [75] Inventors: Joseph S. Yudelson, Rochester;
Henry J. Gysling, Bronx both of FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 764,959 5/1967 Italy ..96/48 [73] Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company,
Rochester NY Primary Exammer-J. Travis Brown Assistant Examiner-Won H. Louis, Jr. [22] Filed: July 13, 1967 Att0rneyWilliam H. J. Kline and James R. Frederick [21] Appl. No.: 653,025 [57] ABSTRACT Light-sensitive palladium compounds are reduced on [52] "96/48 96/48 96/48 exposure to actinic light to nuclei which are catalytic 96/88 117/34 centers for the deposition of metal from a physical developer. The palladium nuclei are catalysts for [51] Int. Cl ..G03c 5/24, G03c 1/00 deposition f meta] f Stable physical developers, I which developers do not respond to catalysts used in [58] Field of Search .....96/88, 48, 48 PD, 90; 1 17/34 the physical development of silver latent images.
10 Claims, No Drawings PHOTOSENSITIVE ELEMENT CONTAINING A PHOTOREDUCIBLE PALLADIUM COMPOUND AND THE USE THEREOF IN PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT cerns the amplification of a latent image by the deposition of metal from a developer bath comprising a metal salt or complex and a reducing agent. The bath is formulated so that it is stable under conditions of storage,
but in the presence of a catalyst, such as the latent image, it decomposes and deposits reduced metal on catalytic sites. Once a catalytic site is enveloped with metal deposited from the bath it is essential that the reduced metal be autocatalytic, that is, it too must catalyze the decomposition of the bath.
Physical development involving silver compounds is well known. However, such processes have not had any substantial application due to the fact that silver physical developer solutions are extremely unstable. Thus, shortly after a physical developer bath is prepared by mixing silver salts and reducing agents, reduced silver begins to deposit rapidly, so that in a few hours the bath is completely decomposed and is useless. This type of instability is inherent in silver physical developer baths because of the autocatalytic properties of silver metal.
Physical developer baths which are stable under storage conditions can be formulated from salts or complexes of some metals other than silver; however, these stable physical developer baths do not respond to the catalysts which are commonly used in silver physical development, such as colloidal silver, zinc sulfide, nickel sulfide, etc.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide new and improved photographic elements and processes.
It is a further object of this invention to provide novel photographic processes wherein photographic images are developed with relatively stable physical developers.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide novel processes where the only steps necessary to produce stable photographic images are exposure and physical development.
It is another object of this invention to provide novel elements which can be used in physical development processes.
The above and other objects of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the further discussion of the invention which follows.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a photographic element containing a lightsensitive palladium compound which on exposure to actinic light forms catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from a physical developer. Catalytic centers or sites are formed by photoreduction of the palladium compound to elemental palladium, or to a compound which is readily reduced to elemental palladium. After exposure the element can be washed to remove unexposed palladium compound, or in some embodiments this washing is not required. The element is then contacted with a physical'developer comprising a heavy metal salt, a complexing agent for the metal salt and a reducing agent. In a preferred embodiment the palladium nuclei formed by exposure act as catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from a bath of the physical developer. They constitute a-laten't image which is formed by exposure and which is developed and given density by building up a deposit of metal thereon from the physical developer bath. In another embodiment the element is contacted with a receiving sheet containing the physical developer and the unexposed palladium compound migrates to the receiving sheet where it is reduced and developed.
A wide variety of light-sensitive palladium compounds such as salts and complexes of palladium are useful in the elements of this invention. Light-sensitive palladium compounds which are useful in the practice of the present invention include those having the general formula:
- tPd(L).1.M. (n where L is a ligand such as a halogen ligand such as bromine, chlorine, or iodine, a carboxylic acid ligand such as a malonate group, anoxalate group, etc., and aromatic ligand such as phenol, styrene, naphthol, etc., a nitrogen ligand such as ammonia, an amine such as methyl amine, ethyl amine, benzyl amine, propane diamine, tetraethylene pentamine, aminoethanol, methylaminoethanol, am'inonaphthol, bipyridine, phenanthroline, ethylenediamirietetraacetic acid, etc., a nitrile such as nitrilotriethanol, benzonitrile, etc., an imine such as iminodiethanol, an oxime such as salicylaldoxime or an azide such as benzhydrazide, a phosphorous ligand such as triarylphosphine, trialkylphosphine, etc., an arsenic ligand such as triarylarsine, trialkylarsine, etc., an antimony ligand such as triarylantimony, trialkylantimony, etc., and the like; M is an ion such as a hydrogen ion, an inorganic acid ion such as a chloride ion, a bromide ion, an iodide ion, a sulfate ion, a nitrate ion, a phosphate ion, etc., an organic acid ion such as an acetate ion, an acrylate ion, an ion, a malonate ion, etc., a metal ion such as a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a calcium ion, a strontium ion, an aluminum ion, etc., an onium ion such as those'containing nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur like a quaternary ammonium ion, a quaternary phos'phonium'ion, a tertiary sulfonium ion, etc., and the like, or M can be a [Pd(L group; x is an integer from 0 through 4; y is an integer from 1 through 4; z is an integer from 0 through 2, and x and z are not 0 at the same time.
Light-sensitive compounds of Formula (I) which are useful in the present invention include: palladium diammine dichloride, palladium styrene dichloride, palladium di(tributylphosphine) dichloride, palladium di(benzonitrile) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylphosphine) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylarsine) dichloride, palladium di(triphenylantimony) dichloride, palladium di(l-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(2-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(S- amino-l-naphthol) dichloride, palladium di(benzylamine') dichloride, palladium o-phenylenediamine dichloride, palladium l,l0-phenanthroline dichloride, palladium 2,2-bipyridine dichloride, palladium di(benzyhydrazide) dichloride, palladium salicylaldoxime dichloride, palladium di-(N-phenyl-Z- naphthylamine) dichloride, and potassium palladous chloride.
tetrammine di(tetraphenylboride), palladium ethylenediamine dichloride, palladium di(l,3- propanediamine) dichloride, palladium tetra(methylamine) dichloride, palladium triethylenetetramine dichloride, palladium tetra- (tetraethylenepentamine) dichloride, palladium tetra(Z-diethylaminoethanol) dichloride, palladium tetra(2-aminoethanol) dichloride, palladium tetra(2 methylaminoethanol) dichloride, palladium tetra(nitrilotriethanol) dichloride, palladium tetra(2,2'-iminodiethanol) dichloride, palladium tetra(triphenylphosphine) dichloride, palladium tetrammine dichloride, palladium tetrammine dibromide, palladium dia'mmine oxalate, palladium triphenylarsine oxalate, palladium di(triphenylantimony) oxalate, palladium 2,2'-bipyridine oxalate, palladium 1,10- phenanthroline oxalate, palladium oxalate, potassium palladium oxalate, potassium palladium malonate, palladium tetrammine palladium dioxalate and palladium tetrammine palladium tetrachloride.
Light-sensitive palladium compounds useful in the practice of the present invention can be prepared by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Preparation of some of the palladium compounds useful in the present invention are shown in Examples 1, 3 and 6. Preparative methods for other palladium'compounds can be found in such works as Encyclopedia of Chemical Reactions, C.A. Jacobson; Reinhold Publishing Corp. N.Y.; Vol. 'V, i953, pp. 301-321; and Tretise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, G.W. Mellor; Longmans Green & Co., N.Y., Vol. XV, 1936, pp. 654-685.
The physical developer which is used to produce a visible image can comprise an aqueous bath in which is dissolved a salt of a heavy metal, a complexing agent for the metal ion', and reducing agent. The physical developer bath is chosen so that deposition of the heavy metal from the bath is catalyzed by palladium nuclei produced on exposure. The heavy metal deposited from the bath must itself be autocatalytic; that is, it must act as a catalyst for further deposition of metal from the developer. This is necessary in order that deposition and development will continue after palladium nuclei are enveloped with heavy metal. With respect to the Periodic Table, suitable heavy metals can be selected from Group VIII metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, palladium and platinum, Group VIB metals such as chromium and Group IB metals such as copper, silver and gold. Almost any heavy metal salt which is a source of the desired heavy metal ions can be employed. Suitable heavy metal salts useful in the invention include heavy metal halides such as cobaltous bromide, cobaltous chloride, cobaltous iodide, ferrous bromide, ferrous chloride, chromium bromide, chromiurn chloride, chromium iodide, copper chloride, silver bromide, silver chloride, silver iodide, gold chloride, palladium chloride and platinum chloride, heavy metal sulfates such as nickel sulfate, ferrous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, chromium sulfate, copper sulfate, palladium sulfate and platinum sulfate, heavy metal nitrates such as nickel nitrate, ferrous nitrate, cobaltous nitrate, chromium nitrate and copper nitrate, and heavy metal salts of organic acids such as ferrous acetate, cobaltous acetate, chromium acetate and copper formate. Baths can be formulated based on a single heavy metal or based on mixtures of heavy metals. When more than one heavy metal is employed in the bath, the image which is deposited will generally be an alloy of the two metals. Physical developers based on noble metals such as silver, gold and platinum are relatively unstable and cannot be stored for long periods of time. However, such physical developers are operative in the processes of this invention and can be employed if the developer bath is prepared shortly before use.
The complexing agent employed in the physical developer bath should tie up the metal ions so that they show a lessened tendency to be reduced spontaneously. However, the complexing agent should not bind the metal ions so tightly that they will be unable to be reduced. and deposited on the latent image sites in the presence of the catalyst. Suitable complexing agents include ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride, organic acids such as aspartic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, salts of organic acids such as sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium glycolate, potassium glycolate, sodium succinate, potassium succinate, potassium sodium tartrate, etc. A single complexing agent can be used or a combination of more than one complexing agent can be incorporated in the physical developer bath. 7
The reducing agent can be any compound which provides a ready source of electrons for the reduction of the metal ions and which does not otherwise interfer with development. A general criteria for a reducing agent useful in the physical developers of the present invention is that the potential of the chemical couple of the reducing agent, written as follows:
Reducing agent: Products electrons must be more positive than that for the metal or metals which are to be deposited from the bath. For example, the potential for the nickel couple:
NiF-"Ni* 2 electrons is +0.27? volts for acidic solutions. It is necessary for the reducing agent to possess a potential that is greater, i.e., more positive, than +0.277 volts in order that it be capable of reducing nickel ions in the bath. Suitable reducing agents include hypophosphites such as sodium hypophosphite, manganous hypophosphite, potassium hypophosphite, etc., hydrosulfites such as sodium hydrosulfite, potassium hydrosultite, calcium hydrosulfite, etc., borohydrides such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, etc., hydrazines, and the like.
There can be added to the physical developer bath a variety of other materials such as buffering agents, acid or base to adjust the pH, preservatives, etc. in accordance with usual practices.
The proportions in which the various components of the physical developer are present in the bath can vary over a wide range. Suitable concentrations of metal salt in the developer bath are in the range of from about 0.01 to about 0.5 moles of metal salt per liter of bath. The upper limit of concentration is controlled by the solubility of the particular metal salt employed. Preferably, the bath is between about 0.05 molar and 0.25 molar with respect to metal salt. The relative proportions of metal salt and complexing agent are dependent upon the particular metal salt or salts and the particular complexing agent or agents which are employed. As a general rule sufficient complexing agent should be incorporated to bind the metal ions and lessen the tendency of the metal ions to be reduced prior to use of the developer. Depending upon the particular metal salt and complexing agent employed, the amount of complexing agent present can vary from about 4 mole to about moles of complexing agent per mole of metal salt present. The reducing agent can be present in amounts of from about 0.1 moles to about 5 moles of reducing agent per mole of metal salt present.
In preparing photosensitive elements utilizing the palladium compounds of this invention, the palladium compound can be imbibed in or coated on a support, or it can be incorporated in a self-supporting binder.
When the palladium compound is imbibed in a support, an aqueous solution of the compound is prepared and a porous support is'immersed in the solution. After drying a photosensitiveelement is obtained.
Suitable porous supports include paper, coated paper, porcelain, polymeric films, such as are described hereinafter, on which is coated such porous materials as gelatin, olefinic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl phthalates, etc., carboxyl containing polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether phthalates, cellulose ether succinates, cellulose ether maleates, copolymers of alkyl acrylates with acrylic acid, etc., and the like.
The amount of palladium compound that is taken up in the support generally varies from about 2 to about 25 mg. of palladium/ft. The amount which is absorbed by a polymer coating on film base is dependent on the nature and coverage of the polymer, the degree to which it has been crosslinked, the temperature of the imbibing bath, and the pH of the bath. Coverages as low as 2 mg. of palladium/ft are adequate when using development conditions described herein. The photographic speed will increase with increasing concentration of the light-sensitive palladium compound. The preferred coverage is generally in the range of l0 to 25 mg. of palladium/ft.
When the palladium compound is coated on a support, it is generally coated with a hydrophilic binder. A solution or dispersion of the palladium compound and binder is formulated, and after thorough mixing it is coated on the support by any well-known coating process such as hopper coating, doctor-blade coating, dip coating, swirl coating, spray coating, etc.
Suitable binders in which the palladium compounds of the present invention can be incorporated include gelatin such as bone gelatin, pigskin gelatin, etc.; olefinic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phthalates, etc., carboxyl containing polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether phthalates,
cellulose ether succinates, cellulose ether maleates,
copolymers of alkyl acrylates with acrylic acid, etc.,
and the like. Non-hydrophilic polymers such as ethyl cellulose can be used in procedures which do not involve imbibition and where the coating composition is a stable dispersion which gives a porous coating upon drying. Such a coating is described in Example 8.
The palladium compound-binder composition can be coated from aqueous solution, or it can be coated from an organic solvent. In some instances, where an organic solvent is employed, the palladium compound-binder composition will form a water-in-oil type dispersion with the organic solvent. Suitable solvents include water immissible hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, etc.; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, etc.; and the like. Mixtures of such solvents can be employed advantageously in the practice of this invention.
In preparing the coating compositions utilizing the palladium compounds disclosed herein useful elements are obtained where palladium is present in an amount equal to at least about 0.5 weight percent of the coating composition. The upper limit in the amount of palladium present can be varied widely. When a binder is employed, palladium is normally present in an amount from about 0.5 weight percent of the coating composition to about 20 weight percent of the coating composition. A preferred weight range for palladium in the coating composition is from about 1 weight percent to about 10 weight percent.
Coating thicknesses of the palladium compound binder compositions on a support can vary widely. Normally, a wet coating thickness in the range of about 0.001 inch to about 0.01 inch is useful in the practice of the invention. A preferred range of coating thickness is from about 0.002 inch to about 0.007 inch before drying, although such thicknesses can vary depending upon the particular application contemplatedfor'the element.
Suitable supports for coating the palladium compound-binder compositions of the present invention include paper, polyethylene-coated paper, glassine, vegetable parchment, polymeric films such as polystyrene film, cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, cellulose acetate-butyrate film, cellulose acetate-propionate film, polyethylene-terephthalate film, polyethylene-sebacate film, polyethylene-adipate film, etc., and the like. In some embodiments of this in? vention, a separate support need not be utilized, the binder acting as the support material.
Elements prepared according to the present invention can be exposed by techniques well known to those skilled in the art of photography. Since the compounds of this invention exhibit their greatest sensitivity in the blue and near ultraviolet regions, light sources rich in such radiation are preferably employed. Exposure to actinic light causes the reduction of the palladium compound to nuclei of elemental palladium which act as catalytic centers or sites for the deposition of metal from the physical developer. Depending upon the light source and the particular palladium compounds, exposure times of from several seconds to several minutes give satisfactory latent images.
. Development of exposed elements can be efl'ected by contacting the element with a physical developer bath, for example by immersion, for a period of time sufficient to produce an image of the desired density. The time required to deposit a satisfactory heavy metal image from the physical developer bath on the element can vary from 1 second to several hours depending upon the composition of the particular bath being employed, the density of heavy metal image desired, and the temperature of the bath. Satisfactory images can be produced from baths at room temperature (20 C.) or at elevated temperatures. Bath temperature of from 20 C. to 100 C. are preferred.
Development can also be effected using a diffusion transfer process. In such a process the photosensitive element is exposedin the usual manner and is then contacted with a receiving sheet into which has been imbibed one of the physical developer solutions described above. When the element and the receiving sheet are in contact, heat is applied to promote diffusion of unexposed palladium compound from the, element to the receiving sheet. Contact temperatures of from 45 C. to 100 C. are suitable. In the unexposed areas of the element the palladium compound migrates from the element to the receiving sheet where it is reducedand catalyzes the reduction of heavy metal salt in the sheet to form a positive image on thereceiving sheet. In the exposed areas the palladium compound does not migrate as rapidly because of the smaller differential in concentration of palladium compound between the ex posed areas of the element and the receiving sheet which results from the formation ,of palladium nuclei on exposure and the reduction of palladium compound in the vicinity of these nuclei. Thus, the difference in concentration of the palladiumcompound in exposed and unexposed areas of the element permits the transfer of sufficient palladium compound to the receiving sheet from unexposed areas of the' element before a significant amount of palladium compound has been transferred from exposed areas of the element. Although the image formed on the receiving sheet can be used as such, in some instances it is preferred that the image be darkened further by immersing the receiving sheet in one of the physical developer baths described herein.
The physical developer solutions which are imbibed into the receiving sheet differ somewhat from the physical developer baths used for immersion development in that they contain a greater proportion of heavy metal salt and reducing agent and a lesser proportion of complexing agent. The additional reducing agent is required to effect reduction of the unexposed palladium compound. The ratio of reducing agent to metal salt can be thesame as described above, although ratios of from about 1 to' about 5 moles of reducing agent per mole of metal salt are preferred. The ratio of complexing agent to metal salt is lower than the range indicated above. Ratios of 'complexing agent to heavy metal salt of from about 0.5 moles to about 2.0-moles of complexing agent per mole of heavy metal salt are preferred. As in the case of the baths discussed above, these ratios will vary depending upon the particular metal salt and complexing agent employed.
The photosensitive compositions and elements of thisinvention find use in a wide variety of applications Elements containing the photosensitive palladiumcompounds of this invention can be exposed to actinic radiation through a subject to be copied such as a trans parency, and can then be developed with an appropriate physical developer bath. In this manner the processes and elements of this invention can be used to produce positive'or negative copies from originals and continuous tone and line negatives for a variety of use for which systems based on silver are employed. Properties of certain of the heavy metal images can be utilized for specialized applications. For example, ink receptive metals can be used to produce lithographic printing masters, electrical conducting metals can be used to prepare printed circuits, and magnetic metals can be used to prepare magnetic images or records.
The ink receptive properties of the heavy metal deposited from the physical developer bath can be employed advantageously to make lithographic plates. Elements used to prepare such lithographic plates and masters require that the support and binder used be hydrophilic. Thus, after exposure and development, the heavy metal image areas will readily receive ink while in background areas, where heavy metal has not been deposited, ink will be repelled by the hydrophilic support or binder. These elements should be developed for a period of time sufficient to deposit from the developer bathenough heavy metal to mask the hydrophilic properties of the substrate in image areas. While the density of heavy metal required will vary depending upon the particular substrate and heavy metal employed, and the conditions under which it has been deposited, a heavy metal image density of about 1 gram/square foot or greater is generally sufficientto mask the hydrophilic properties of the substrate.
The electrical conductive properties of images of such heavy metals as copper, iron, nickel, etc., can be employed to produce printed circuits using the elements and process of this invention. For such applications, the supports and binders used should be non-conductive.
The invention is further illustrated by'the' following examples which include preferred embodiments thereof.
EXAMPLE 1 Four grams of potassium chloride were dissolved in 150 ml of water and 2.5 gm. of palladium chloride (PdCl were added to this solution, The mixture was stirreduntil all of the palladium chloride was dissolved. The solution was evaporated on a steam bath to a volume of 50 ml. and cooled in an ice bath. The resulting crystals were washed twice with cold water, then washed with ethanol and then ether. They were dried at room temperature. The yield of potassium palladous chloride (K,PdCl,) was approximately percent based on the palladium chloride. A strip of water-leaf paper-stock was impregnated with a dilutelone-half percent) solution of potassium palladous chloride. After drying, the impregnated strip was exposedto a 350 watt mercury are at a distance of l4-inches for one minute. The stripwas then washed for several minutes in running water to remove unexposed palladium compound. It was then immersed in the following cobalttype physical developer at C.
Cobaltous chloride caci sino 1.5 g.
Aspartic acid HOCOCHNH,CH,COOH 20.0 g. Sodium hypophosphite NaH,PO,'H,O 7.5 g. Water to make 1 liter After a one-minute immersion, the exposed areas of the strip had a density of 0.8 and the unexposed areas remained essentially unchanged.
EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 3 Palladium tetrammine chloride (Pd(NH Cl was prepared by dissolving palladous chloride in concentrated ammonium hydroxide, then lowering the pH of the solution to 6.0 with hydrochloric acid. A paper strip was impregnated with a dilute solution (0.5 percent) of this complex and dried. After drying, the strip was exposed as described in Example 1. The strip was developed by immersion for two seconds in the following nickel-type physical developer at 90 C.
Nickel chloride NiCl,-6H,O 30 Sodium hypophosphite NaH,PO,-H,O l g.= Ammonium chloride 50 g.
Water was added to make one liter of solution and the pH was adjusted to 9.0 with ammonium hydroxide. The exposed areas of the strip developed to a density of 1.5 whereas the unexposed area remained unchanged.
EXAMPLE 4 A paper strip was impregnated with palladium tetrammine chloride as in Example 3 and dried. The strip was exposed with a mercury are as described in Example 1, and was developed by immersion for five seconds in the following iron-type physical developer at 75 C.
Ferrous sulfate FeSO.-7H,O 30 g. Rochelle salt (KNa Tartrate) 50 g. Sodium hypophosphite NaHJ'Oyl-LO 10 g.
Water was added to make one liter of solution and the pH was adjusted to 9.1 with concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The exposed areas of the strip developed to a density of 0.5 whereas the unexposed area remained essentially unchanged.
EXAMPLE 5 A paper strip was impregnated with potassium palladous chloride as in Example 1 and dried. The strip was exposed to a mercury arc as described in Example 1. The exposed strip was then washed for several minutes in running water to remove unreacted palladium compound. It was then developed by immersion in the following chromium-type physical developer for seconds at 99 C.
Chromium acetate CrAc, 30 g. Sodium acetate NaAc-3H,O 20 g. Sodium glycolate 40 g.
Sodium citrate 'S-Vz H,O
40 g. Sodium hypophosphite -H,O
EXAMPLE 6 Potassium palladium oxalate (K,Pd0x was prepared as follows. Two grams of potassium palladous chloride were dissolved in 20 ml. of water. Another solution was prepared consisting of 10 grams of potassium oxalate (K Ox-H O) in 40 ml. of water. The two solutions were mixed together and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature. The precipitate which formed was filtered and washed with ethanol until thefiltrate was free of chloride ion. It was then washed briefly with ethyl ether and dried at room temperature. The yield of potassium palladium oxalate was approximately 60 percent based on potassium palladous chloride. Two paper strips were impregnated with a dilute solution (0.5 percent) ofqthis complex and dried. One of the strips was then exposed behind a negative to a 350 watt mercury arc at l4-inches distance forone, minute. The second strip was exposed through a line copy negative to a 250 watt photo-flood lamp (GE No. 2) at l 2-inches distance for one minute. Both samples were developed by immersion for five minutes in the following nickel-type physical developer at 60 C.
Nickel sulfate NiSOflil-LO 23.7 g. I Sodium hypophosphite NaH,PO,-H,0 23.9 g. Malic acid (DL) HOCOCHOHCI-LCOOH 48.2 g. Sodium succinate (CH,COO),Na,6H,O 16.2 g.
Water wasadded to make one liter of solution. The pH of the solution was 6.0. The exposed areas of both strips showed densities above 1.0. The unexposed areas had densities less then 0.01.
EXAMPLE 7 The following solution was prepared; Poly(vinyl alcohol) (sold as 71-30" by E.l. DuPont De Nemours & Co.), 5 percent aqueous solution 10 g. Palladium tetrammine chloride (0.5 percent solution) 10 ml. Boric acid (1 percent solution) 1 ml. The above solution was coated on a poly(vinyl alcohol) subbed polyester film base using an 0.005 inch coating knife. After drying it was exposed behind a negative to a 350 watt mercury are at a distance of 14 inches for one minute. It was developed by immersion for 15 seconds in the cobalt-type physical developing bath described in Example 1. The exposed area of the film strip had a density of over 1.0 whereas the unexposed area remained transparent.
EXAMPLE 8 Ten ml. of the coating solution described in Example 7 was dispersed in 20 ml. of a 3.5 percent solution of ethyl cellulose (sold as T-lO, by the Hercules Chemical Co.) in toluene by means of a blender. A stable water-in-oil dispersion was obtained. A coating of the dispersion was made on paper using a 0.005 inch knife and dried. The coated element thus obtained was exposed and developed as in Example 7. The exposed area of the strip had a density exceeding 1.0 whereas the unexposed area had a density of less than 0.01
EXAMPLE 9 A strip of poly(ethylene terephthalate) support coated with gelatin at a coverage of 350 mg. of gelatin/ft was immersed into a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate (K PdOx whose pH had been lowered to 2.0 by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid. After minutes immersion, the film was wiped, dried, and exposed for 30 seconds through a line copy negative to an exposure unit drawing 1000 watts distributed among a small fan and 28 tungsten bulbs. The bulbs are 2-% inches from the negative during exposure. The film was then developed for 3 seconds in the nickel-type physical developer of Example 3. The areas of film which had been exposed to light developed to a density gieater than 2, whereas the unexposed areas of the film remained clear, thus resulting in a good quality positive copy of the original negative. A sample of the film which had been imbibed with a potassium palladium oxalate solution whose pH had not been lowered required a 2-% minute exposure in order to obtain a good image using the same development procedure.
EXAMPLE 10 A strip of paper was immersed into a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate whose pH had been lowered to 2.8 by the addition of oxalic acid. After 10 minutes immersion, the paper was dried and exposed for 7 seconds through a line copy negativeto the exposure unit described in Example 9. It was then developed for 3 seconds in the nickel physical developer of Example 3. A good quality positive print was obtained. A sample of the film which had been imbibed with a potassium palladium oxalate solution whose pH had not been lowered from its original value (5.8) required an exposure of- 30 seconds in order to obtain a good'image using the development conditions describedabove.
EXAMPLE 11 A paper strip was impregnated with palladium tetrammine chloride and dried. it was'exposed as described in Example 7 and developed for 1 minute at 25 C. in a physical developer containing copper ions and a reducing agent (sold as Enplate CU-400" by Enthone, Inc.) The exposed areas of the strip had a dark image whereas the unexposed areas had a very faint image.
EXAMPLE l2 with the following physical developer to form a 6 processing web and receiver.
Nickel chloride 0.6 molar Malic acid 0.6 molar Sodium hypophosphite 0.6 molar Water to make I liter Concentrated ammonium hydroxide added to raise the pH to 7.0
The web was placed against the exposed film, and
EXAMPLE 13 A subbed polyethylene-coated paper support on which is coated a heavy layer of a titanium dioxidegelatin mixture was soaked in a 0.5 percent potassium palladium oxalate (K,Pd0x,) solution at pH 2.8. The sheet was exposed through a negative line image by means of a bank of eight 8-wa tt black-light tubes (GE F8T5-BL) for 30 seconds at a distance of 2 inches. It was then developed for approximately 2 minutes in the nickel physicaldeveloper solution of Example 3 at C. A heavy metallic nickel image appeared on the sheet in the exposed areas, whereas the unexposed areas remained free of metal. The developed sheet was put on an offset printing press, wet with fountain solution (a dilute acid) and then inked with an oil-based ink. The plate took up ink in the nickel image'ar eas and the background remained ink free. Several impressions were made using this printing master. The adhesion of the metal image to the support was excellent.
EXAMPLE 14 A sheet of baryta coated paper was soaked in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate adjusted to pH 2.8. The treated sheet was exposed through a negative line image as .in Example 13. It was then developed for approximatelyZ-hbu'rs in the nickel physical developer of Example 6 at room temperature. A heavy metallic nickel image appeared on the sheet in the exposed areas whereas the unexposed areas remained free of metal. The developed sheet was soaked in water and inked with lithographers" ink. The sheet was then pressed against a sheet of bond paper and gave an excellent ink transfer. The sheet was. reinked and the procedure carried out for several impressions. There was no change in the wettability characteristics of the master with extended use.
EXAMPLE 1s A sheet of polyethylene-coated paper on which had been coated a mixture of titanium dioxide and polyvinyl alcohol was soaked in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate adjusted to pH 2.8. The sheet was exposed through a negative line image by means of a bank of eight 8-watt black-light tubes for 30 seconds at a distance of 2 inches. It was then developed for approximately 1 minute in a copper physical developer solution at room temperature. The physical developer wasprepared by mixing five parts of the following solution with one part of a 37 percent formal- 5 dehyde solution.
35 gm. gm.
Triethanolamine (HOC,H );N l3 gm.
Disodium ethylene diaminetet'raacetic acid 6.5 gm. g Sodium hydroxide 50 gm. Sodium carbonate l7 gm. Water to make 1 liter The developed sheet showed an excellent copper image in the exposed areas. It was put on an offset printing press, wet with fountain solution, and inked with an oilbased ink. The plate showed good inking differentiation and several prints were made with this printing master? EXAMPLE 16 A sheet of light weight water-leaf paper was impregnated with a 0.5 percent solution of palladium tetrammine chloride and dried. It was then exposed to a 350 watt mercury arc at a distance of 14 inches for one minute behind a negative which contained a line pattern. The exposed sheet was then immersed for five seconds at 90 C. in the following nickel type physical developer:
Nickel chloride (NiCl,'6H,O) 30 gms. Sodium hypophosphite (NaH,PO,-H,O) gms. Ammonium chloride (NH Cl) 50 gms.
Water was added to make one liter and the solution was adjusted to pH 9 with ammonium hydroxide. An excellent image appeared which showed a resistance of 50 ohms/square.
EXAMPLE 17 An absorbent porcelain plate (Streak Plate" sold by the Will Corporation) was dipped briefly in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium palladium oxalate and dried. lt was-exposed as in Example 16 behind a negative which contained a line pattern. The plate was then immersed for three minutes at 95 C. in the following nickel physical developer:
Nickel chloride (NiCl,-6H,O) 30 gms. Sodium hypophosphite (NaH,PO,-H,O) 10 gms. Sodium citrate (Na,C.H,O,'5 /&H,O) 100 gms. Ammonium chloride (NPLCI) 50 gms.
Water was added to make one liter of solution and it was adjusted to pH 9 with ammonium hydroxide. An excellent image was formed which showed a resistance of 40 ohms/square.
EXAMPLE 18 A sheet of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film base coated with gelatin at a coverage of 350 mg. of
as described above and as defined in the following claims.
We claim:
1. A photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive compound which on exposure to actinic light forms catalytic centers for the deposition of metal from a physical developer, said compound having the formula [Pd(L),],, Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands; M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and onium ions, and [Pd(L) groups; x is an integer from 0 throughz4; y is an integer from 1 through 4; ,z is an integer from 0 through 2;
and x and z are not 0 at the same time. 2. A photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein at least a part of the support is porous and the light-sensitive palladium compound is imbibed therein.
3. A photosensitive element as defined inclaim- 1, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound is coated on the support in a hydrophilic binder.
4. A photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium palladium oxalate, palladium oxalate, palladium tetrammine chloride, palladium tetrammine bromide, and potassium palladous chloride.
5. A photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive composition comprising potassium palladium oxalate;
6. A method of producing photographic images comprising the steps of l. imagewise exposing to actinic light a photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive palladium compound, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound has the formula [Pd(L),],, Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands;
M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and [Pd(L), groups; x is an integer from 0 through 4; y is an integer from 1 through 4;
z is an integer from 0 through 2; and x and z are not 0 at the same time, and 2. developing the latent image thus formed with a physical developer comprising a reducible heavy metal salt selected from the group consisting of nicket salts; cobalt salts, iron salts, chromium salts, copper salts, and mixtures thereof, a complexing agent for heavy metal ions from saidsalt and a reducing agent for heavy metal ions from said salt. 7. A method of producing photographic-images as defined in claim 6, further comprising the stepof washing the element between exposure and development to remove unexposed palladium compound.

Claims (11)

1. imagewise exposing to actinic light a photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive palladium compound, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound has the formula (Pd(L)x)y Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands; M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and (Pd(L)x) groups; x is an integer from 0 through 4; y is an integer from 1 through 4; z is an integer from 0 through 2; and x and z are not 0 at the same time, and
1. A photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive compound which on exposure to actinic light forms catalytic centers for the deposition of metal from a physical developer, said compound having the formula (Pd(L)x)y Mz, wherein L is a ligand, selected from the group consisting of halogen ligands, carboxylic acid ligands, aromatic ligands, nitrogen ligands, phosphorous ligands, arsenic ligands, and antimony ligands; M is selected from the group consisting of ions selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions, inorganic acid ions, organic acid ions, metal ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, and aluminum ions, and onium ions, and (Pd(L)x) groups; x is an integer from 0 through 4; y is an integer from 1 through 4; z is an integer from 0 through 2; and x and z are not 0 at the same time.
2. A photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein at least a part of the support is porous and the light-sensitive palladium compound is imbibed therein.
2. developing the latent image thus formed with a physical developer comprising a reducible heavy metal salt selected from the group consisting of nicket salts, cobalt salts, iron salts, chromium salts, copper salts, and mixtures thereof, a complexing agent for heavy metal ions from said salt and a reducing agent for heavy metaL ions from said salt.
3. A photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound is coated on the support in a hydrophilic binder.
4. A photosensitive element as defined in claim 1, wherein the light-sensitive palladium compound is selected from the group consisting of potassium palladium oxalate, palladium oxalate, palladium tetrammine chloride, palladium tetrammine bromide, and potassium palladous chloride.
5. A photosensitive element comprising a support and a light-sensitive composition comprising potassium palladium oxalate.
6. A method of producing photographic images comprising the steps of
7. A method of producing photographic images as defined in claim 6, further comprising the step of washing the element between exposure and development to remove unexposed palladium compound.
8. A method of producing photographic images as defined in claim 6, wherein development is accomplished by immersing the exposed element in a bath of the physical developer.
9. A method of producing photographic images as defined in claim 6, wherein development is accomplished by contacting the exposed element with a receiving sheet containing the physical developer and heating the element to cause migration of unexposed light-sensitive palladium compound from the element to the receiving sheet, where it is reduced and developed.
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US3859092A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic systems based on photosensitive copper (i) complexes
US3860500A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photosensitive copper (i) complexes and the use thereof in photographic development
US3860501A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photosensitive copper (i) complexes and the use thereof in photographic development
US3867264A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-02-18 Bell & Howell Co Electroforming process
US3880724A (en) * 1973-10-26 1975-04-29 Eastman Kodak Co Copper (II) complexes and photographic elements containing same
US3900320A (en) * 1971-09-30 1975-08-19 Bell & Howell Co Activation method for electroless plating
US3904783A (en) * 1970-11-11 1975-09-09 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Method for forming a printed circuit
US3935013A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-01-27 Eastman Kodak Company Electroless deposition of a copper-nickel alloy on an imagewise pattern of physically developable metal nuclei
US3942983A (en) * 1967-06-09 1976-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electroless deposition of a non-noble metal on light generated nuclei of a metal more noble than silver
US3960564A (en) * 1972-06-21 1976-06-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Physical development process utilizing a physical developer containing a specific reducing agent, a thiol compound
US4042392A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-08-16 Eastman Kodak Company Formazan images by physical development of catalytic metal nuclei image
US4046569A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-09-06 Eastman Kodak Company Physical development of pd(ii) photosensitive complexes with a leucophthalocyanine dye and a reducing agent therefor
US4084968A (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-04-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing electrically conductive metal layers on substrates
US4102312A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-07-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermally developable light-sensitive materials
US4307168A (en) * 1977-05-05 1981-12-22 Eastman Kodak Company Amplification of developed electrographic image patterns
US4618568A (en) * 1983-10-18 1986-10-21 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Chemical metallization process with radiation sensitive chromium (III) complex
US4910072A (en) * 1986-11-07 1990-03-20 Monsanto Company Selective catalytic activation of polymeric films
US5075037A (en) * 1986-11-07 1991-12-24 Monsanto Company Selective catalytic activation of polymeric films
US5424009A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-06-13 Monsanto Company Catalytic, crosslinked polymeric films for electroless deposition of metal
US5578415A (en) * 1988-09-12 1996-11-26 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Optical recording materials, method for preparing the same and optical cards having the same
US5989787A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-11-23 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Activating catalytic solution for electroless plating and method for electroless plating
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US20060122297A1 (en) * 2003-01-03 2006-06-08 Olivier Dupuis Photosensitive dispersion with adjustable viscosity for metal deposition on an insulating substrate and use of same
US20060183061A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-08-17 Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. Method for forming positive metal pattern and EMI filter using the same
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US3942983A (en) * 1967-06-09 1976-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Electroless deposition of a non-noble metal on light generated nuclei of a metal more noble than silver
US3904783A (en) * 1970-11-11 1975-09-09 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Method for forming a printed circuit
US3900320A (en) * 1971-09-30 1975-08-19 Bell & Howell Co Activation method for electroless plating
US3960564A (en) * 1972-06-21 1976-06-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Physical development process utilizing a physical developer containing a specific reducing agent, a thiol compound
US3867264A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-02-18 Bell & Howell Co Electroforming process
US4084968A (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-04-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing electrically conductive metal layers on substrates
US3860501A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photosensitive copper (i) complexes and the use thereof in photographic development
US3860500A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-14 Eastman Kodak Co Photosensitive copper (i) complexes and the use thereof in photographic development
US3859092A (en) * 1973-05-30 1975-01-07 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic systems based on photosensitive copper (i) complexes
US3880724A (en) * 1973-10-26 1975-04-29 Eastman Kodak Co Copper (II) complexes and photographic elements containing same
US3935013A (en) * 1973-11-12 1976-01-27 Eastman Kodak Company Electroless deposition of a copper-nickel alloy on an imagewise pattern of physically developable metal nuclei
US4042392A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-08-16 Eastman Kodak Company Formazan images by physical development of catalytic metal nuclei image
US4046569A (en) * 1975-04-14 1977-09-06 Eastman Kodak Company Physical development of pd(ii) photosensitive complexes with a leucophthalocyanine dye and a reducing agent therefor
US4102312A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-07-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Thermally developable light-sensitive materials
US4307168A (en) * 1977-05-05 1981-12-22 Eastman Kodak Company Amplification of developed electrographic image patterns
US4618568A (en) * 1983-10-18 1986-10-21 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh Chemical metallization process with radiation sensitive chromium (III) complex
US4910072A (en) * 1986-11-07 1990-03-20 Monsanto Company Selective catalytic activation of polymeric films
US5075037A (en) * 1986-11-07 1991-12-24 Monsanto Company Selective catalytic activation of polymeric films
US5578415A (en) * 1988-09-12 1996-11-26 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Optical recording materials, method for preparing the same and optical cards having the same
US5424009A (en) * 1994-05-24 1995-06-13 Monsanto Company Catalytic, crosslinked polymeric films for electroless deposition of metal
US5989787A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-11-23 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Activating catalytic solution for electroless plating and method for electroless plating
US20040092398A1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2004-05-13 Mark Lelental Thermally imageable elements and processes for their use
US6635601B2 (en) 1998-02-27 2003-10-21 Eastman Kodak Company Thermographic imaging elements and processes for their use
US6509296B1 (en) 1998-02-27 2003-01-21 Eastman Kodak Company Thermographic imaging elements and processes for their use
US6759368B2 (en) 1998-02-27 2004-07-06 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally imageable elements and processes for their use
US20060122297A1 (en) * 2003-01-03 2006-06-08 Olivier Dupuis Photosensitive dispersion with adjustable viscosity for metal deposition on an insulating substrate and use of same
US20090017221A1 (en) * 2003-01-03 2009-01-15 Olivier Dupuis Photosensitive dispersion with adjustable viscosity for the deposition of metal on an insulating substrate and use thereof
US7731786B2 (en) * 2003-01-03 2010-06-08 Semika Photosensitive dispersion with adjustable viscosity for the deposition of metal on an insulating substrate and use thereof
US20060183061A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-08-17 Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. Method for forming positive metal pattern and EMI filter using the same
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