US3747114A - Planar dipole array mounted on dielectric substrate - Google Patents
Planar dipole array mounted on dielectric substrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3747114A US3747114A US00227541A US3747114DA US3747114A US 3747114 A US3747114 A US 3747114A US 00227541 A US00227541 A US 00227541A US 3747114D A US3747114D A US 3747114DA US 3747114 A US3747114 A US 3747114A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- balun
- dipole
- wavelength
- points
- spaced apart
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An improved microwave antenna system employs a flat or planar array of radiating elements and, behind it, a distribution network of feeding circuit portions The radiating elements and distribution network are physically separated by two wire connections and each feed ing circuit portion terminates in a balun aligned with an associated dipole pair.
- the assembly includes a mounting frame and is of sandwich form incorporating frame portions therein so that the whole is an integral and rigid assembly.
- the antenna array is provided with a protective cover sheet arrangement and the frame circumscribes and covers the edges of the sandwich assembly.
- the present invention is directed to a microwave antenna system which has very little depth with respect to its aperture and which also provides an excellent mounting base upon which the associated electronics may be attached.
- the system employs a flat or planar array of radiating elements in association with a distribution circuit which also is of planar form.
- the distribution circuit incorporates an array of baluns aligned with the radiators and two wire connectors extend between these baluns and the associated radiators.
- the entire assembly provides a very thin antenna of largeaperture.
- the antenna array is amenable to contouring or shaping to a given surface and is readily fabricated by photo-etching. In this way, automated manufacture and consequent low production cost is possible. Also, the feeding or distribution circuit may be fabricated by photo-etching. The entire assembly lends itself to fabrication and assembly by sandwich technique, uses a minimum of materials and is of very lightweight construction.
- the large number of individual radiators with separate feed to each allows easy tailoring of the beam shape and sidelobe levels; the amplitude taper is very flexible and can be specified separately for the E and H planes. Further, the large number of radiators provide large redundancy for the formation of the antenna beam and, in'consequence, high reliability and tolerance to damage is provided. Individual radiator elements can be shunted, destroyed or eliminated with negligible effect on overall gain, input VSWR, or antenna pattern.
- the assembly makes maximum use of low cost dielectric materials, preferably polystyrenes, and easily allows for maximum protection against weather and environmental conditions.
- An aluminum housing or frame may be employed and the edges of the antenna and distribution circuit arrays may be sealed and protected within the frame.
- the front face of the antenna array may be covered by a protective layer or sheet of polystyrene material. 7
- the photo-etchedantenna array with feed or distribution circuits behind it permits full use of the antenna area for radiation .without encroachment upon the frontal area by such feed or distribution circuit, and the back or rear surface of the antenna-distribution system provides a convenient mounting space for the associated electronics package, thereby providing troublefree assembly and avoidance of any need for external microwave coaxial lines or waveguides.
- an improved feeding or distributing circuit is disclosed, embodying and array or network of stripline circuits each terminating in a balun.
- the feeding network array is physically oriented and registered with the antenna dipole array such that the baluns are positioned in a particular manner with respect to the inner ends of the dipoles with which they are associated.
- Each balun is of C-shape and points thereon which are separated by a distance of one-half wavelength (mean frequency) are connected by conductor pairs to the associated dipoles.
- the two wire connections between the two arrays provide not only means by which the arrays may be separated physically but they also provide a degree of freedom, by length variation, for adjusting antenna impedance to fit the requirements of a particular design.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of the antenna array
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the feed circuits
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of the sandwiched antenna-distribution system
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the feed circuit
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a portion of a preferred form of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relation between the baluns and the dipoles.
- the antenna dipole array is illustrated therein and will be seen to consist of a substrate of low loss dielectric material 10 having pairs of dipole elements 12 and I4 thereon.
- the array will be seen to consist of vertical columns and horizontal rows of these dipole element pairs with the exception of the blank spaces in the portions indicated by the reference characters 16, 18, 20 and 22 wherein in such space, a dipole pair is missing, the purpose of which will be presently apparent.
- each element 12 and 14 is of trapozoidal configuration and the inner edges 24 and 26 of these elements are spaced apart by a distance as indicated in FIG. 6 which is substantially less than one-half wavelength of the microwave energy radiated or received, it being understood that the mean frequency or center frequency is intended.
- the total length of each dipole pair on the array is in the order of one-half to a full wavelength, as indicated. It will be understood that the specific dimensions of the dipole elements will be in accord with conventional design practices having reference to the particular frequency involved and other considerations, particularly antenna impedance, normally accommodated for in microwave antenna design.
- the array of antenna dipoles is on a substrate W of low loss dielectric material and, for this purpose, it is preferred to use polystyrene sheet material which initially is copper cladded at least on that surface thereof upon which the antenna array is formed.
- the antenna array is then formed by photoetching processes which are well known so as accurately to produce the dipoles in proper positions and of proper dimensions as may be accomplished, for example, by progressive reduction from a master drawing of enlarged size wherein the array is laid out with great accuracy.
- the circuitry of FIG. 2 is a strip transmission line which is a microwave transmission line consisting of thin, narrow rectangular strips or strip portions forming the network and, as will hereinafter be seen, the assembly is mounted between two wide ground-plane conductors.
- the material of the sheet 30 is of low loss dielectric material, preferably polystyrene and the network of FIG. 2 again is preferably formed by photo-etching techniques.
- the strip transmission line network will be referred to as a stripline system.
- FIG. 2 there are in actuality two feeding or distributing systems, each having an input section 32 or 34 leading from input connection points 36 and 38 although it will be understood that a single input connection point for the entire array may be provided or, alternatively, four separate input points may be provided, one for each quadrant of the antenna system, as will be well understood by those in the art.
- balun is meant to refer to a device used for matching an unbalanced coaxial or similar transmission line or system to a balanced two-wire line or system.
- reference characters 74, 76, 78 and 80 are indicated by reference characters 74, 76, 78 and 80 and, as will hereinafter appear, it is to be understood that these baluns are registered or aligned with the inner ends of the dipole element pairs in a particular fashion as will be described in conjunction with FIG. 6 hereinafter.
- FIG. 4 for the purpose of more accurately defining the feeding circuitry configuration as it relates to an individual balun.
- FIG. 4 certain basic constructional relationships which are followed throughout the entire matrix or network ofthe distributing system, will be seen.
- a branch line input section is indicated in FIG. 4 by the reference character 82 and an unequal power split ter is indicated by the reference character 84.
- a one-fourth wavelength impedance matching section 86 is utilized for the purpose of impedance matching between the input section 82 and the power splitter 84.
- the power is split unequally to the relatively narrow branch output section of the power splitter as indicated by the reference character 88 as compared with the relatively wide output section 90. With respect to the power being split to the right in FIG.
- an input section is indicated by the reference character 92 which is coupled to the power splitter 94 by means of the one-fourth wavelength impedance matching section 96 providing the transmission line output section 98 which leads to the balun indicated by the reference character 100.
- the power splitter section 94 will be seen to include a 45 miter section 102 and the balun, as shown, will be seen to be of C-shaped configuration having two points 104 and 106 thereon which are spaced apart along the medium line 108 by a one-half wavelength.
- the dimensions of the balun in each case are such as to place the points 104 and 106 substantially in registry or alignment with connection openings 108 and 110 of an associated dipole pair as is shown in FIG. 6.
- a two-wire connection is made be- .tween the imaginary points 104 and 106 in each case and the dipole element pairs at the points 108 and 110 thereof. It will be understood that suitable coaxial lines provide the inputs to the points 36 and 38 in FIG. 2 from the associated electronics package associated with the antenna system.
- FIG. 3 An antenna sandwich system is shown in FIG. 3 wherein it will be noted that the stripline sandwich is composed of the previously mentioned low loss dielectric substrate 30 which, on the left-hand side in FIG. 3 has the dsitributing system array thereon'and has, on the right-hand side thereof a full layer of copper cladding as indicated by the reference character 120.
- the stripline sandwich is completed by the low loss-dielectric sheet 122 which is bare on the side indicated by the reference character 124 and is provided with a full copper cladding on the opposite or left-hand side as indicated by the reference character 126.
- the copper sheets or claddings and 126 define the ground planes and for rigidity and protection as well as assem bly purposes as will hereinafter appear, forward and aft ground-plane aluminum sheets 128 and 130 are provided.
- the sandwich assembly which is comprised of all of the sheets 130, 30, 122 and 128 are drilled and properly threaded in the plate 128 to receive fasteners such as those indicated by the reference characters 132 and 134 which serve to rigidly sandwich the components together, it being preferred that two such fasteners 132 and 134 be associated with each balun as indicated in phantom lines by the reference character 100 in FIG. 3.
- the openings in the several sheets receiving the fastener 132 are indicated by the reference characters 136, 138, and 142, the bore 142 being internally threaded as shown and those for receiving the fastener 134 are indicated by reference characters 144, 146, 148 and 150, the latter of which is internally threaded.
- the sheet 122 is provided with a pair of bores 152 and 154 which are accurately drilled and are in alignment with the aforementioned points 108 and 110 of a corresponding dipole element pair and with the imaginary points 104 and 106 on the associated balun 100.
- a relatively large opening 160 is provided in the forward ground-plane sheet 128 in registry with the openings 152 and 154 and this opening receives the reduced shoulder portion 162 of a shielding sleeve indicated generally by the reference character 164.
- the forward end of the shielding sleeve as indicated by the reference character 166 is of enlarged diameter and serves to bear against the left-hand or forward side of the ground-plane plate 128 and against the right-hand or aft surface of the antenna sheet to space the plate 128 from the sheet 10 in accord with the axial length or extent of the portion 166 of the shielding sleeve 164.
- the shield sleeve 164 is provided with a throughbore 168 which snuggly receives a core member 170 of low loss dielectric material and which is provided with throughbores 172 and 174 which align with the respective bores 152 and 154 and also, at their forward ends, with bores 176 and l78'provided in the antenna sheet 10.
- a two-wire connection is made between each balun 100 and the associated dipole element pairs 12 and 14 as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 6 and this two-wire pair in each case comprises two headed copper wire connectors, one of which is shown in FIG. 3 and is indicated by the reference character 180.
- the headed end portion 182 of each of these connectors bears against the aft-bare side surface 124 of the stripline sandwich sheet 122 so that when the stripline assembly is in properly sandwiched condition, the wire connector in each case engages a balun 100 at one of the two imaginary points 104 or 106 thereon.
- the connectors in each case projects through the bores 152, 172 and 176 on the one hand or the bores 154, 174 and 178 on the other hand so that their forward extremities as indicated by the reference character 184 engage against or through the respective dipole elements 12 or 14 and are electrically connected thereto as by soldering or the like.
- a low loss dielectric sheet 186 may be provided on the forward face of the antenna array for protective and closure purposes and the stripline sandwich assembly preferably is circumscribed by a copper foil strip for protective purposes and for interconnecting the ground-planes. Further, it will be understood that suitable synthetic resinous material may be utilized for sealing in circumscribing relationship to the stripline sandwich and, as well, to the entire antenna system as will be apparent more particularly hereinafter.
- the forward ground-plane aluminum sheet 128' may form an integral part of a frame assembly indicated generally by the reference character 200.
- the shielding sleeve 154 may be dispensed with and may be formed, instead, directly as an integral portion of the frame 200 as bosses 164 on the forward ground plane sheet portion 128'.
- the assembly is essentially as is described in conjunction with FIG. 3.
- the frame has forward and aft flange portions 202 and 204 presenting shoulders at 206 and 208 against the peripheral edges of the antenna array portion on the one hand and the stripline sandwich assembly on the other hand bear and suitable gasketing material such as is indicated by reference characters 210 and 212 may be provided for weather sealing purposes.
- a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of:
- each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength
- each feeding circuit terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole;
- each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
- each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than one-half wavelength.
- a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of:
- each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength
- each feeding circuit terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole;
- said distribution network comprising a body of low loss dielectric material having said stripline feeding circuits therein, and ground plates sandwiching said dielectric material therebetween;
- each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associ ated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
- each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than onehalf wavelength.
Abstract
An improved microwave antenna system employs a flat or planar array of radiating elements and, behind it, a distribution network of feeding circuit portions. The radiating elements and distribution network are physically separated by two wire connections and each feeding circuit portion terminates in a balun aligned with an associated dipole pair. The assembly includes a mounting frame and is of sandwich form incorporating frame portions therein so that the whole is an integral and rigid assembly. The antenna array is provided with a protective cover sheet arrangement and the frame circumscribes and covers the edges of the sandwich assembly.
Description
, i 1 PLANAR DlPOLE ARRAY MOUNTED ON DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE Nicholas Shyhalla, Niagara Falls, NY.
Assignee: Textron Inc., Providence, RI.
Filed: 'Feb. 18, 1972 Appl. No.: 227,541
[75] Inventor:
[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 911960 Donnellan et al..... 333/84 M 3/1959 Butler 333/84 M 9/1959 Jamieson 333/84 M July 17', 1973 3,587,110 6/1971 Woodward 343/814 3,681,769 8/1972 Perl'Dlll 343/814 3,691,563 9/1972 Shelton 333/84 M Primary Examiner-Eli Lieberman Attorney-John B. Bean. Edwin 'l. Bean et 11!.
[5 7] ABSTRACT An improved microwave antenna system employs a flat or planar array of radiating elements and, behind it, a distribution network of feeding circuit portions The radiating elements and distribution network are physically separated by two wire connections and each feed ing circuit portion terminates in a balun aligned with an associated dipole pair. The assembly includes a mounting frame and is of sandwich form incorporating frame portions therein so that the whole is an integral and rigid assembly. The antenna array is provided with a protective cover sheet arrangement and the frame circumscribes and covers the edges of the sandwich assembly.
4 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PAIENIED-M v m SHEEE l M a UH UH. U5 U5 UH. UH. U5 H UE BUBQB UBQB UBUflUfiUfiUflUB U5 U5 Q5 Q5 Um Q3 Q5 UAW- U Um UH UH U3 U3 U5 Um U5 U5 U5 U5 U5 Um UHUH U5 2 m UH U5 U5 H@ Um Um Um Um UEUBQUQUUBUBQHQQQBUQ EH UH Ufl QB UH Q5 Q5 Q5 Um UUUB Um UH Ufi UQUE UH UH. mflufl UH. UH Um Um Um Q id QEU n n HHuH. nun H n Unu UH. H25 Q Um Um gun um Um mm mm USU UH. UH. Um UBU UH USU U5 U5 U5 Um U5 U5 um um um U U UIU U5 UaU mUuU UuU H U U8 U5 um U5 U5 mm U3 U5 In n n um U5 um um um U8 U5 Um Um Um mm H UBU Um nU-UUmUnU nUunuUnUUnn -n PLANAR DIPOLE ARRAY MOUNTED ON DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In conventional microwave antennas, a substantial depth is occupied by the antenna horns and such depth increasesas the aperture of the system is increased. By utilizing a flat or planar array of radiators, it would be possible somewhat to decrease the depth required for any particular aperture, but the usual microwave feeding or distribution arrangement for such an array still occupies substantial depth. Moreover, the problem of making the necessary electrical connections may become quite complex and may necessitate resort to unusual and difficult techniques for making them.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a microwave antenna system which has very little depth with respect to its aperture and which also provides an excellent mounting base upon which the associated electronics may be attached.
The system employs a flat or planar array of radiating elements in association with a distribution circuit which also is of planar form. The distribution circuit incorporates an array of baluns aligned with the radiators and two wire connectors extend between these baluns and the associated radiators. The entire assembly provides a very thin antenna of largeaperture.
The antenna array is amenable to contouring or shaping to a given surface and is readily fabricated by photo-etching. In this way, automated manufacture and consequent low production cost is possible. Also, the feeding or distribution circuit may be fabricated by photo-etching. The entire assembly lends itself to fabrication and assembly by sandwich technique, uses a minimum of materials and is of very lightweight construction.
The large number of individual radiators with separate feed to each allows easy tailoring of the beam shape and sidelobe levels; the amplitude taper is very flexible and can be specified separately for the E and H planes. Further, the large number of radiators provide large redundancy for the formation of the antenna beam and, in'consequence, high reliability and tolerance to damage is provided. Individual radiator elements can be shunted, destroyed or eliminated with negligible effect on overall gain, input VSWR, or antenna pattern.
The assemblymakes maximum use of low cost dielectric materials, preferably polystyrenes, and easily allows for maximum protection against weather and environmental conditions. An aluminum housing or frame may be employed and the edges of the antenna and distribution circuit arrays may be sealed and protected within the frame. As well, the front face of the antenna array may be covered by a protective layer or sheet of polystyrene material. 7
The photo-etchedantenna array with feed or distribution circuits behind it permits full use of the antenna area for radiation .without encroachment upon the frontal area by such feed or distribution circuit, and the back or rear surface of the antenna-distribution system provides a convenient mounting space for the associated electronics package, thereby providing troublefree assembly and avoidance of any need for external microwave coaxial lines or waveguides. In the present invention an improved feeding or distributing circuit is disclosed, embodying and array or network of stripline circuits each terminating in a balun.
The feeding network array is physically oriented and registered with the antenna dipole array such that the baluns are positioned in a particular manner with respect to the inner ends of the dipoles with which they are associated. Each balun is of C-shape and points thereon which are separated by a distance of one-half wavelength (mean frequency) are connected by conductor pairs to the associated dipoles. The two wire connections between the two arrays provide not only means by which the arrays may be separated physically but they also provide a degree of freedom, by length variation, for adjusting antenna impedance to fit the requirements of a particular design.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of the antenna array;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the feed circuits;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective of the sandwiched antenna-distribution system;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the feed circuit;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a portion of a preferred form of the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the relation between the baluns and the dipoles.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference now more particularly to FIG. 1, the antenna dipole array is illustrated therein and will be seen to consist of a substrate of low loss dielectric material 10 having pairs of dipole elements 12 and I4 thereon. The array will be seen to consist of vertical columns and horizontal rows of these dipole element pairs with the exception of the blank spaces in the portions indicated by the reference characters 16, 18, 20 and 22 wherein in such space, a dipole pair is missing, the purpose of which will be presently apparent.
As is shown in greater detail in FIG. 6, each element 12 and 14 is of trapozoidal configuration and the inner edges 24 and 26 of these elements are spaced apart by a distance as indicated in FIG. 6 which is substantially less than one-half wavelength of the microwave energy radiated or received, it being understood that the mean frequency or center frequency is intended. The total length of each dipole pair on the array is in the order of one-half to a full wavelength, as indicated. It will be understood that the specific dimensions of the dipole elements will be in accord with conventional design practices having reference to the particular frequency involved and other considerations, particularly antenna impedance, normally accommodated for in microwave antenna design.
As previously stated, the array of antenna dipoles is on a substrate W of low loss dielectric material and, for this purpose, it is preferred to use polystyrene sheet material which initially is copper cladded at least on that surface thereof upon which the antenna array is formed. The antenna array is then formed by photoetching processes which are well known so as accurately to produce the dipoles in proper positions and of proper dimensions as may be accomplished, for example, by progressive reduction from a master drawing of enlarged size wherein the array is laid out with great accuracy.
Disposed beneath or behind the antenna dipole array is the distribution or feeding circuitry shown in FIG. 2 and, as illustrated, a substrate 30 is provided upon which the array of feeding circuit portions are formed, substantially as is shown. The circuitry of FIG. 2 is a strip transmission line which is a microwave transmission line consisting of thin, narrow rectangular strips or strip portions forming the network and, as will hereinafter be seen, the assembly is mounted between two wide ground-plane conductors. Again, the material of the sheet 30 is of low loss dielectric material, preferably polystyrene and the network of FIG. 2 again is preferably formed by photo-etching techniques. For purposes of description herein, the strip transmission line network will be referred to as a stripline system.
In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 2, there are in actuality two feeding or distributing systems, each having an input section 32 or 34 leading from input connection points 36 and 38 although it will be understood that a single input connection point for the entire array may be provided or, alternatively, four separate input points may be provided, one for each quadrant of the antenna system, as will be well understood by those in the art.
As will be seen from the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 2, having reference to the input section 32, same is connected to a power splitter portion 40 through a one-fourth wavelength portion 42, and the power is split equally to the two branch line portions 44 and 46. From these principal branch line portions 44 and 46, further power splitting is effecting as at 48 which again is an equal power splitter to the branch input sections 50 and 52 leading to the unequal power splitter sections 54 and 56 whereby a greater proportion of the power is transmitted to the branch section 58 and a lesser amount to the branch section 60 and these portions are again split as by the unequal power splitter 62 to provide greater power to the input section 64 and less power to the section 66 with, for both sections 64 and 66, there being further power splitting portions as at 68, which are of unequal power distribution ultimately leading to the equal power splitter portions 70 and 72. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the power splitting will be carried out in accordance with the pattern desired for a particular antenna, it being appreciated that the greatest amount of power is radiated from the central portion of the antenna array as will hereinafter appear.
The transmission line branch portions ultimately lead to an array of terminal portions which are in the form of C-shaped baluns. As used herein, it will be understood that the term balun is meant to refer to a device used for matching an unbalanced coaxial or similar transmission line or system to a balanced two-wire line or system. In FIG. 2, four of these baluns are indicated by reference characters 74, 76, 78 and 80 and, as will hereinafter appear, it is to be understood that these baluns are registered or aligned with the inner ends of the dipole element pairs in a particular fashion as will be described in conjunction with FIG. 6 hereinafter. However, for the purpose of more accurately defining the feeding circuitry configuration as it relates to an individual balun, reference'to FIG. 4 is now had.
In FIG. 4, certain basic constructional relationships which are followed throughout the entire matrix or network ofthe distributing system, will be seen. For example, a branch line input section is indicated in FIG. 4 by the reference character 82 and an unequal power split ter is indicated by the reference character 84. For the purpose of impedance matching between the input section 82 and the power splitter 84, a one-fourth wavelength impedance matching section 86 is utilized. The power is split unequally to the relatively narrow branch output section of the power splitter as indicated by the reference character 88 as compared with the relatively wide output section 90. With respect to the power being split to the right in FIG. 4, an input section is indicated by the reference character 92 which is coupled to the power splitter 94 by means of the one-fourth wavelength impedance matching section 96 providing the transmission line output section 98 which leads to the balun indicated by the reference character 100. The power splitter section 94, as is the case with all of the power splitters therein, will be seen to include a 45 miter section 102 and the balun, as shown, will be seen to be of C-shaped configuration having two points 104 and 106 thereon which are spaced apart along the medium line 108 by a one-half wavelength. The dimensions of the balun in each case are such as to place the points 104 and 106 substantially in registry or alignment with connection openings 108 and 110 of an associated dipole pair as is shown in FIG. 6. And, as will be presently described, a two-wire connection is made be- .tween the imaginary points 104 and 106 in each case and the dipole element pairs at the points 108 and 110 thereof. It will be understood that suitable coaxial lines provide the inputs to the points 36 and 38 in FIG. 2 from the associated electronics package associated with the antenna system.
An antenna sandwich system is shown in FIG. 3 wherein it will be noted that the stripline sandwich is composed of the previously mentioned low loss dielectric substrate 30 which, on the left-hand side in FIG. 3 has the dsitributing system array thereon'and has, on the right-hand side thereof a full layer of copper cladding as indicated by the reference character 120. The stripline sandwich is completed by the low loss-dielectric sheet 122 which is bare on the side indicated by the reference character 124 and is provided with a full copper cladding on the opposite or left-hand side as indicated by the reference character 126. The copper sheets or claddings and 126 define the ground planes and for rigidity and protection as well as assem bly purposes as will hereinafter appear, forward and aft ground- plane aluminum sheets 128 and 130 are provided. The sandwich assembly which is comprised of all of the sheets 130, 30, 122 and 128 are drilled and properly threaded in the plate 128 to receive fasteners such as those indicated by the reference characters 132 and 134 which serve to rigidly sandwich the components together, it being preferred that two such fasteners 132 and 134 be associated with each balun as indicated in phantom lines by the reference character 100 in FIG. 3. The openings in the several sheets receiving the fastener 132 are indicated by the reference characters 136, 138, and 142, the bore 142 being internally threaded as shown and those for receiving the fastener 134 are indicated by reference characters 144, 146, 148 and 150, the latter of which is internally threaded. In addition to these openings, the sheet 122 is provided with a pair of bores 152 and 154 which are accurately drilled and are in alignment with the aforementioned points 108 and 110 of a corresponding dipole element pair and with the imaginary points 104 and 106 on the associated balun 100. A relatively large opening 160 is provided in the forward ground-plane sheet 128 in registry with the openings 152 and 154 and this opening receives the reduced shoulder portion 162 of a shielding sleeve indicated generally by the reference character 164. The forward end of the shielding sleeve as indicated by the reference character 166 is of enlarged diameter and serves to bear against the left-hand or forward side of the ground-plane plate 128 and against the right-hand or aft surface of the antenna sheet to space the plate 128 from the sheet 10 in accord with the axial length or extent of the portion 166 of the shielding sleeve 164. The shield sleeve 164 is provided with a throughbore 168 which snuggly receives a core member 170 of low loss dielectric material and which is provided with throughbores 172 and 174 which align with the respective bores 152 and 154 and also, at their forward ends, with bores 176 and l78'provided in the antenna sheet 10.
A two-wire connection is made between each balun 100 and the associated dipole element pairs 12 and 14 as previously described in conjunction with FIG. 6 and this two-wire pair in each case comprises two headed copper wire connectors, one of which is shown in FIG. 3 and is indicated by the reference character 180. The headed end portion 182 of each of these connectors bears against the aft-bare side surface 124 of the stripline sandwich sheet 122 so that when the stripline assembly is in properly sandwiched condition, the wire connector in each case engages a balun 100 at one of the two imaginary points 104 or 106 thereon. The connectors in each case projects through the bores 152, 172 and 176 on the one hand or the bores 154, 174 and 178 on the other hand so that their forward extremities as indicated by the reference character 184 engage against or through the respective dipole elements 12 or 14 and are electrically connected thereto as by soldering or the like.
A low loss dielectric sheet 186 may be provided on the forward face of the antenna array for protective and closure purposes and the stripline sandwich assembly preferably is circumscribed by a copper foil strip for protective purposes and for interconnecting the ground-planes. Further, it will be understood that suitable synthetic resinous material may be utilized for sealing in circumscribing relationship to the stripline sandwich and, as well, to the entire antenna system as will be apparent more particularly hereinafter.
Ina preferred embodiment of the invention as shown in FIGS, the forward ground-plane aluminum sheet 128' may form an integral part of a frame assembly indicated generally by the reference character 200. In this case also, the shielding sleeve 154 may be dispensed with and may be formed, instead, directly as an integral portion of the frame 200 as bosses 164 on the forward ground plane sheet portion 128'. Otherwise, the assembly is essentially as is described in conjunction with FIG. 3. The frame has forward and aft flange portions 202 and 204 presenting shoulders at 206 and 208 against the peripheral edges of the antenna array portion on the one hand and the stripline sandwich assembly on the other hand bear and suitable gasketing material such as is indicated by reference characters 210 and 212 may be provided for weather sealing purposes.
What is claimed is:
1. In a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of:
a planar array of antenna dipoles, each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength;
a distribution network of stripline feeding circuits disposed in a plane spaced from the plane of said dipoles, each feeding circuit terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole; and
two wire connector means extending between said inner ends of each dipole and selected points of an associated balun for conveying RF energy therebetween, said selected points being axially spaced on each balun by a distance equal to one-half of said selected wavelength;
each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
2. In a microwave antanna system as defined in claim 1 wherein each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than one-half wavelength. 7
3. In a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of:
a planar array of antenna dipoles, each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength;
a distribution network of stripline feeding circuits disposed in a plane spaced from the plane of said dipoles, each feeding circuit terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole; and
two wire connector means extending between said inner ends of each dipole and selected points of an associated balun for conveying RF energy therebetween, said selected points being axially spaced on each balun by a distance equal to one-half of said selected wavelength; I
said distribution network comprising a body of low loss dielectric material having said stripline feeding circuits therein, and ground plates sandwiching said dielectric material therebetween;
each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associ ated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
4. ln a microwave antenna system as defined in claim 3 wherein each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than onehalf wavelength.
w. e a a
Claims (4)
1. In a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of: a planar array of antenna dipoles, each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength; a distribution network of stripline feeding circuits disposed in a plane spaced from the plane of said dipoles, each feeding circuit terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole; and two wire connector means extending between said inner ends of each dipole and selected points of an associated balun for conveying RF energy therebetween, said selected points being axially spaced on each balun by a distance equal to one-half of said selected wavelength; each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
2. In a microwave antanna system as defined in claim 1 wherein each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than one-half wavelength.
3. In a microwave antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving at a selected microwave wavelength, the combination of: a planar array of antenna dipoles, each dipole comprising a pair of elements having inner ends spaced apart by an amount substantially less than one-half of said selected wavelength; a distribution network of stripline feeding circuits disposed in a plane spaced from the plane of said dipoles, each feeding circuiT terminating in a balun disposed in registry with an associated dipole; and two wire connector means extending between said inner ends of each dipole and selected points of an associated balun for conveying RF energy therebetween, said selected points being axially spaced on each balun by a distance equal to one-half of said selected wavelength; said distribution network comprising a body of low loss dielectric material having said stripline feeding circuits therein, and ground plates sandwiching said dielectric material therebetween; each balun being C-shaped and said connector means connecting two points on each balun to an associated dipole, said points being spaced apart along the balun by one-half wavelength.
4. In a microwave antenna system as defined in claim 3 wherein each dipole comprises a pair of trapezoidal elements having their short sides spaced apart by a distance substantially less than one-half wavelength.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22754172A | 1972-02-18 | 1972-02-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3747114A true US3747114A (en) | 1973-07-17 |
Family
ID=22853503
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00227541A Expired - Lifetime US3747114A (en) | 1972-02-18 | 1972-02-18 | Planar dipole array mounted on dielectric substrate |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3747114A (en) |
Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3845490A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1974-10-29 | Gen Electric | Stripline slotted balun dipole antenna |
US3887925A (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-06-03 | Itt | Linearly polarized phased antenna array |
DE3150236A1 (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-30 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Arrangement for the connection of radiating arrays to a junction network |
US4503436A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1985-03-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Beam forming network |
US4686535A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1987-08-11 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip antenna system with fixed beam steering for rotating projectile radar system |
US4758843A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1988-07-19 | General Electric Company | Printed, low sidelobe, monopulse array antenna |
US4819004A (en) * | 1986-03-26 | 1989-04-04 | Alcatel Thomason Faisceaux Hertziens | Printed circuit array antenna |
US4829309A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1989-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
US4851855A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1989-07-25 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
US4899162A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1990-02-06 | L'etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministre Des Ptt (Cnet) | Omnidirectional cylindrical antenna |
AU634904B2 (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-03-04 | Andrew Corporation | A panel antenna |
US5229782A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-07-20 | Conifer Corporation | Stacked dual dipole MMDS feed |
US5274391A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1993-12-28 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Broadband directional antenna having binary feed network with microstrip transmission line |
US5285212A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-02-08 | Radiation Systems, Inc. | Self-supporting columnar antenna array |
US5287117A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1994-02-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Communication system for transmitting data between a transmitting antenna utilizing a phased array antenna and a receive antenna in relative movement to one another |
US5387885A (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1995-02-07 | University Of North Carolina | Salphasic distribution of timing signals for the synchronization of physically separated entities |
US5400042A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1995-03-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Dual frequency, dual polarized, multi-layered microstrip slot and dipole array antenna |
US5583510A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-12-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Planar antenna in the ISM band with an omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane |
US5818397A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1998-10-06 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Circularly polarized horizontal beamwidth antenna having binary feed network with microstrip transmission line |
US5841405A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-11-24 | Raytheon Company | Octave-band antennas for impulse radios and cellular phones |
US5892486A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-04-06 | Channel Master Llc | Broad band dipole element and array |
EP0973229A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-01-19 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Third resonance antenna |
US6034649A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-03-07 | Andrew Corporation | Dual polarized based station antenna |
US6052889A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-04-25 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency antenna and its fabrication |
US6072439A (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 2000-06-06 | Andrew Corporation | Base station antenna for dual polarization |
US6133889A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2000-10-17 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Log periodic dipole antenna having an interior centerfeed microstrip feedline |
US6285336B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-04 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6317099B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-13 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6380821B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-04-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Substrate shielded multilayer balun transformer |
US6512487B1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2003-01-28 | Harris Corporation | Wideband phased array antenna and associated methods |
US6701150B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-03-02 | Nortel Networks Limited | Network driven cell switching and handoff with load balancing for wireless systems |
US20050052424A1 (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2005-03-10 | Hsua-Ming Shih | Electromagnetic induction electronic board with antenna arrayed in gridding inside |
US20050088344A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Ykc Corporation | Ultra-wideband antenna and ultrahigh frequency circuit module |
US20060158380A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-07-20 | Hae-Won Son | Antenna using inductively coupled feeding method, RFID tag using the same and antenna impedence matching method thereof |
EP1777780A2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2007-04-25 | Harris Corporation | Enhanced bandwidth single layer current sheet antenna |
US20080180329A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Antenna with stripline splitter circuit |
US20090096700A1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2009-04-16 | Jaybeam Wireless | Base station antenna with beam shaping structures |
US20110057852A1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-03-10 | University of Massachutsetts | Modular Wideband Antenna Array |
CN102195143A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-09-21 | 东南大学 | Broadband shunt-feed omnidirectional antenna array with inclination angle |
US8217839B1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2012-07-10 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Stripline antenna feed network |
US20130321240A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Taoglas Group Holdings Limited | Integrated mimo antenna system |
EP2887457A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-24 | Alcatel- Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd | Feed network and method of providing a feed network |
US10256524B2 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-04-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Antenna substrate |
EP3493330A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual-band antenna and wireless communications device |
US20220069887A1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2022-03-03 | Space Exploration Technologies Corp. | Beamformer lattice for phased array antennas |
-
1972
- 1972-02-18 US US00227541A patent/US3747114A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3845490A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1974-10-29 | Gen Electric | Stripline slotted balun dipole antenna |
US3887925A (en) * | 1973-07-31 | 1975-06-03 | Itt | Linearly polarized phased antenna array |
DE3150236A1 (en) * | 1981-12-18 | 1983-06-30 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Arrangement for the connection of radiating arrays to a junction network |
US4503436A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1985-03-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Beam forming network |
US4686535A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1987-08-11 | Ball Corporation | Microstrip antenna system with fixed beam steering for rotating projectile radar system |
US4899162A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1990-02-06 | L'etat Francais, Represente Par Le Ministre Des Ptt (Cnet) | Omnidirectional cylindrical antenna |
US4851855A (en) * | 1986-02-25 | 1989-07-25 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
US4819004A (en) * | 1986-03-26 | 1989-04-04 | Alcatel Thomason Faisceaux Hertziens | Printed circuit array antenna |
US4758843A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1988-07-19 | General Electric Company | Printed, low sidelobe, monopulse array antenna |
US4829309A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1989-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Planar antenna |
US5287117A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1994-02-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Communication system for transmitting data between a transmitting antenna utilizing a phased array antenna and a receive antenna in relative movement to one another |
US5387885A (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1995-02-07 | University Of North Carolina | Salphasic distribution of timing signals for the synchronization of physically separated entities |
AU634904B2 (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-03-04 | Andrew Corporation | A panel antenna |
US5440318A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1995-08-08 | Butland; Roger J. | Panel antenna having groups of dipoles fed with insertable delay lines for electrical beam tilting and a mechanically tiltable ground plane |
AU656857B2 (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1995-02-16 | Andrew Corporation | A panel antenna |
US5274391A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1993-12-28 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Broadband directional antenna having binary feed network with microstrip transmission line |
US5293175A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1994-03-08 | Conifer Corporation | Stacked dual dipole MMDS feed |
US5229782A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-07-20 | Conifer Corporation | Stacked dual dipole MMDS feed |
US5285212A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-02-08 | Radiation Systems, Inc. | Self-supporting columnar antenna array |
US5400042A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1995-03-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Dual frequency, dual polarized, multi-layered microstrip slot and dipole array antenna |
US5818397A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1998-10-06 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Circularly polarized horizontal beamwidth antenna having binary feed network with microstrip transmission line |
US5583510A (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1996-12-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Planar antenna in the ISM band with an omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane |
US5841405A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-11-24 | Raytheon Company | Octave-band antennas for impulse radios and cellular phones |
US6133889A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 2000-10-17 | Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. | Log periodic dipole antenna having an interior centerfeed microstrip feedline |
US5892486A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1999-04-06 | Channel Master Llc | Broad band dipole element and array |
US6052889A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-04-25 | Raytheon Company | Radio frequency antenna and its fabrication |
US6072439A (en) * | 1998-01-15 | 2000-06-06 | Andrew Corporation | Base station antenna for dual polarization |
EP0973229A1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-01-19 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Third resonance antenna |
US6034649A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-03-07 | Andrew Corporation | Dual polarized based station antenna |
US6285336B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-09-04 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6317099B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-13 | Andrew Corporation | Folded dipole antenna |
US6380821B1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-04-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Substrate shielded multilayer balun transformer |
US6701150B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-03-02 | Nortel Networks Limited | Network driven cell switching and handoff with load balancing for wireless systems |
US6512487B1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2003-01-28 | Harris Corporation | Wideband phased array antenna and associated methods |
US20050052424A1 (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2005-03-10 | Hsua-Ming Shih | Electromagnetic induction electronic board with antenna arrayed in gridding inside |
US7486270B2 (en) * | 2001-12-29 | 2009-02-03 | Tai Guen Enterprise Co., Ltd. | Electromagnetic induction electronic board with antenna arrayed in gridding inside |
EP1777780A2 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2007-04-25 | Harris Corporation | Enhanced bandwidth single layer current sheet antenna |
EP1777780A3 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2007-05-16 | Harris Corporation | Enhanced bandwidth single layer current sheet antenna |
US20050088344A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-04-28 | Ykc Corporation | Ultra-wideband antenna and ultrahigh frequency circuit module |
US7265717B2 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2007-09-04 | Ykc Corporation | Ultra-wideband antenna and ultrahigh frequency circuit module |
US7545328B2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-06-09 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Antenna using inductively coupled feeding method, RFID tag using the same and antenna impedance matching method thereof |
US20060158380A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-07-20 | Hae-Won Son | Antenna using inductively coupled feeding method, RFID tag using the same and antenna impedence matching method thereof |
CN101237083B (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2011-10-12 | 冲电气工业株式会社 | Antenna with stripline splitter circuit |
US7612732B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-11-03 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Antenna with stripline splitter circuit |
US20080180329A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Antenna with stripline splitter circuit |
US20090096700A1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2009-04-16 | Jaybeam Wireless | Base station antenna with beam shaping structures |
US7868842B2 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2011-01-11 | Amphenol Corporation | Base station antenna with beam shaping structures |
US8217839B1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2012-07-10 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Stripline antenna feed network |
US20110057852A1 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-03-10 | University of Massachutsetts | Modular Wideband Antenna Array |
US9000996B2 (en) | 2009-08-03 | 2015-04-07 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Modular wideband antenna array |
CN102195143A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-09-21 | 东南大学 | Broadband shunt-feed omnidirectional antenna array with inclination angle |
US20130321240A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Taoglas Group Holdings Limited | Integrated mimo antenna system |
US9472852B2 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2016-10-18 | Taoglas Group Holdings Limited | Integrated MIMO antenna system |
EP2887457A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-24 | Alcatel- Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd | Feed network and method of providing a feed network |
US10256524B2 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-04-09 | Panasonic Corporation | Antenna substrate |
EP3493330A1 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual-band antenna and wireless communications device |
US11309620B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2022-04-19 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Dual-band antenna and wireless communications device |
US20220069887A1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2022-03-03 | Space Exploration Technologies Corp. | Beamformer lattice for phased array antennas |
US11606134B2 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2023-03-14 | Space Exploration Technologies Corp. | Beamformer lattice for phased array antennas |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3747114A (en) | Planar dipole array mounted on dielectric substrate | |
US4287518A (en) | Cavity-backed, micro-strip dipole antenna array | |
US4263598A (en) | Dual polarized image antenna | |
US4450449A (en) | Patch array antenna | |
US4316192A (en) | Beam forming network for butler matrix fed circular array | |
EP0072312B1 (en) | Flat, low profile circular array antenna | |
US3761936A (en) | Multi-beam array antenna | |
US4758843A (en) | Printed, low sidelobe, monopulse array antenna | |
AU683696B2 (en) | Multipatch antenna | |
US4912481A (en) | Compact multi-frequency antenna array | |
US5502453A (en) | Planar antenna having polarizer for converting linear polarized waves into circular polarized waves | |
US3868695A (en) | Conformal array beam forming network | |
US4641144A (en) | Broad beamwidth lens feed | |
US4318107A (en) | Printed monopulse primary source for airport radar antenna and antenna comprising such a source | |
US4490723A (en) | Parallel plate lens antenna | |
US5729237A (en) | Probe fed layered antenna | |
EP0001883A1 (en) | Apparatus for improving R.F. isolation between adjacent microstrip antenna arrays | |
US4792809A (en) | Microstrip tee-fed slot antenna | |
US5017931A (en) | Interleaved center and edge-fed comb arrays | |
US4110751A (en) | Very thin (wrap-around) conformal antenna | |
US3325816A (en) | Sidelobe suppressing antenna system comprising directional coupler and phase controlmeans for beam shaping | |
US4196436A (en) | Differential backlobe antenna array | |
US5614915A (en) | Layered antenna | |
US4141012A (en) | Dual band waveguide radiator | |
JPH06334433A (en) | All-apertures interleaving type microstrip antenna system for forming spatially-overlapping beam |