US3889687A - Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid - Google Patents

Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid Download PDF

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US3889687A
US3889687A US438217A US43821774A US3889687A US 3889687 A US3889687 A US 3889687A US 438217 A US438217 A US 438217A US 43821774 A US43821774 A US 43821774A US 3889687 A US3889687 A US 3889687A
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valve
casing
fluid
ball
tubing
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US438217A
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Donald L Harris
Salomon Hakim
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Priority to US438217A priority Critical patent/US3889687A/en
Priority to GB130675A priority patent/GB1468331A/en
Priority to SE7500979A priority patent/SE407149B/en
Priority to IT67234/75A priority patent/IT1027422B/en
Priority to FR7502981A priority patent/FR2272685B1/fr
Priority to NL7501145A priority patent/NL7501145A/en
Priority to CA219,104A priority patent/CA1007541A/en
Priority to DE19752503990 priority patent/DE2503990A1/en
Priority to JP50012608A priority patent/JPS6025136B2/en
Priority to CH116675A priority patent/CH588259A5/xx
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M27/00—Drainage appliance for wounds or the like, i.e. wound drains, implanted drains
    • A61M27/002—Implant devices for drainage of body fluids from one part of the body to another
    • A61M27/006—Cerebrospinal drainage; Accessories therefor, e.g. valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0753—Control by change of position or inertia of system

Definitions

  • a shunt system for treating hydrocephalus by transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid to a selected site in the body of the patient. wherein the fluid is conducted through tubing in which a pressure-operated check valve is included, and connected in series with that valve is a second valve including gravity-operated means effective to urge the second valve to closed position until a higher pressure is reached when the patient is in substantially vertical position and to permit the valve to open freely when the patient is in substantially horizontal position, thus compensating for the pressure drop and consequent siphoning of fluid which would otherwise occur when the patient moves from horizontal to vertical position.
  • a catheter may be introduced into a ventricle within the brain and connected through a pressure-operated check valve to a cardiac catheter so that the fluid (CSF) is introduced into the blood stream.
  • CSF fluid
  • a catheter may be inserted into the body adjacent the spine and connected through a check valve to a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity.
  • the latter is commonly termed a lumbar peritoneal shunt system and may be employed only upon patients afflicted with communicating hydrocephalus, in which the excess CSF is not confined to the cranium but is present in the region of the spine.
  • Valve Shunts Used in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus the Need for a Servo-valve Shunt," Salomon Hakim. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Vol. (1973), pp. 646-653.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal cross-section through the valve structure of a lumbar peritoneal shunt system constructed in accordance with my invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in end elevation of the cap portion of the valve casing from the locus suggested by the line 2-2 of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in side elevation of the color coded gasket
  • FIG. 4 is a view in end elevation of the casing and two valves from the locus suggested generally by the line 4-4 of FIG. 1.
  • the shunt system shown in the drawing is organized about a valve casing 12 conveniently molded from resilient plastic tissue compatible material, such as silastic rubber, in the shape of an elongated lozenge having at one end a chamber 16 communicating with an inlet port 14 adapted for the reception of a hollow plastic tissue compatible tube 10 adapted for connection to a catheter inserted in the region of the spine or other location in the body of the patient from which cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is to be taken.
  • Communicating with the chamber 16 is an elongated socket 18 of circular cross-section adapted to receive a check valve 20.
  • the valve 20 includes a hollow cylindrical casing 22, preferably of stainless steel, snapped into the socket l8 and provided internally with a valve seat 24 dimensioned to cooperate with a saphire ball 26 urged against the valve seat by means of a compression spring 28 held in place by an externally threaded hollow plug 32 received in threads 30 on the interior of the valve casing 22 and provided at its outer end with a socket 34 for reception of an Allen wrench. Consequently the plug may be translated axially within the casing 22 to adjust the pressure of the spring against the ball 26; this arrangement permits the manufacturer to pre-set the pressure at which the valve opens and the attending physician to change the pre-set pressure with a hypodermic needle after implant if he so desires.
  • the valve casing 22 extends outwardly beyond the end of the casing 12, and a gasket 38 fits over a portion of the exposed casing 22.
  • the gasket 38 may be colored according to a preselected code in order to indicate the pressure at which one or both of the valves in the casing 12 will be opened.
  • a resilient plastic cap 36 mates with the gasket 38 to complete the valve casing, and the casing 12, the gasket 38, and the cap 36 may be held together by any suitable adhesive.
  • the cap 36 is provided with a chamber 40 communicating with the passage in the plug 32 and also with a second valve 41 received in a socket 43 formed in the valve casing 12 and parallel to the socket 18. In effect the sockets l8 and 43 are separated by an interior wall 42.
  • the valve 41 includes a casing 44 fitting snugly within the socket 43 and housing a hollow plug 46 having a tapered recess 48 forming a valve seat for a saphire ball 50. Also contained within the casing 44 is a plurality of balls 52 somewhat larger than the ball 50 and serving as weights. The outlet end of the casing 44 is crimped inwardly to retain the balls in position. The arrangement is such that when the valve is horizontal, as shown in FIG. 1 the balls 52 are free to roll away from the valve seat 48, thus permitting the ball 50 to unseat itself and open for passage of CSF. However, when the valve is substantially vertical, the balls 52 operate by gravity to press the ball 50 into engagement with its valve seat 48.
  • valves In the vertical position, therefore, more pressure is required to cause flow of CSF through the valve system.
  • valves incorporating different numbers of the balls 52 so that the operating pressure for opening the valve can be selected for the particular circumstances of a given patient,
  • the color coding of the gasket 38 provides a simple means of indicating the operating pressure of a given system, and the adjustment of the plug 32 provides for fine adjustment of the operatmg pressure.
  • the casing 12 is also provided with an outlet chamber 56 communicating with a length of hollow tubing 60 which may be connected to a suitable drainage site within the patient.
  • the shunt system of my invention can conveniently be utilized as a lumbar peritoneal shunt where CSF is to be transported from a region adjacent the spine to the peritoneal cavity.
  • the same system can also be used as ventricular shunt for implantation under the scalp and employed in connection with catheters inserted into a ventricle and into any convenient drainage site.
  • the casing 12 and the cap 36 are provided with apertures 62 so that the valve structure can be anchored by sutures in such a position that it is horizontal when the patient is horizontal and vertical when the pa tient is also vertical.
  • valve 41 is always operat ing in response to the pre-selected operating pressure, while the valve 41 operates at a higher pressure when the patient is vertical and is open when the patient assumes a substantially horizontal position.
  • the valve 41 operates at a higher pressure when the patient is vertical and is open when the patient assumes a substantially horizontal position.
  • the valve 41 operates at a higher pressure when the patient is vertical and is open when the patient assumes a substantially horizontal position.
  • there is an abrupt increase in pressure on the valves due to the added hydrostatic head exhibited when the patient moves from horizontal to vertical position.
  • the shunt system is implanted beneath the scalp, the rise from horizontal to vertical position results in an abrupt pressure drop on the outlet side of the valves, but in either case the balls 52 function to compensate for the changes.
  • a shunt system for transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a pressure-operated check valve connected to said tubing, a second valve connected in series to the check valve, separate means connected with said second valve and responsive to the force of gravity for causing said second valve to open at a higher pressure when the valve is substantially vertical and permitting the valve to open freely when the valve is substantially horizontal, and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site in the body to which the fluid is to be transported.
  • a shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid comprising tubing for connection to a source of cerebrospinal fluid, a valve casing, a first pressureoperated check valve disposed in said casing, and a second valve disposed in said casing and connected in series with said first valve; said second valve including a valve seat, a first ball in said casing dimensioned to rest either on said seat or displaced from said seat, at least one other ball disposed in said casing in position to bear upon said first ball when the valve casing is in vertical position and free to roll in said casing when the valve casing is in horizontal position; and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site within the body to which the fluid is to be transported, whereby the valve casing may be so mounted in the body that only the first valve operates in response to an increase in pressure when the patient is in horizontal position but both valves open under an increase in pressure when the patient is in vertical position.
  • a shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a casing, a check valve disposed within said casing and connected to said tubing; 21 second valve disposed within said casing and including a valve seat, a ball cooperating with said valve seat, and at least one weight disposed adjacent said ball in position to bear upon the ball when the valve is in substantially vertical position and free to move away from the ball when the valve is in substantially horizontal position, said valves being connected in series, and tubing connected to the discharge side of said second valve.

Abstract

A shunt system is disclosed for treating hydrocephalus by transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid to a selected site in the body of the patient, wherein the fluid is conducted through tubing in which a pressure-operated check valve is included, and connected in series with that valve is a second valve including gravity-operated means effective to urge the second valve to closed position until a higher pressure is reached when the patient is in substantially vertical position and to permit the valve to open freely when the patient is in substantially horizontal position, thus compensating for the pressure drop and consequent siphoning of fluid which would otherwise occur when the patient moves from horizontal to vertical position.

Description

United States Patent Harris et al.
[ June 17, 1975 1 1 SHUNT SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID [76] Inventors: Donald L. Harris, 780 S. Shore Dr.
Miami Beach. Fla. 33141; Salomon Hakim, Carrera 13, N. 48-26., Bogota, Colombia 22 Filed: Jan. 31, 1974 [211 Appl No.: 438,217
[52] US. Cl 128/350 V; 128/274; 137/38 [51] Int. Cl A6lm 27/00 [58] Field of Search 128/350 V, 274; 137/38 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,703,582 3/1955 Stepanian 137/38 3,288,142 11/1966 Harim i v i t 128/35OV 3,769,982 11/1973 Schulte 128/350 V Primary Examiner-Dalton L. Truluck Attorney, Agent, or Firml(enway 8L .lenney 1 1 ABSTRACT A shunt system is disclosed for treating hydrocephalus by transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid to a selected site in the body of the patient. wherein the fluid is conducted through tubing in which a pressure-operated check valve is included, and connected in series with that valve is a second valve including gravity-operated means effective to urge the second valve to closed position until a higher pressure is reached when the patient is in substantially vertical position and to permit the valve to open freely when the patient is in substantially horizontal position, thus compensating for the pressure drop and consequent siphoning of fluid which would otherwise occur when the patient moves from horizontal to vertical position.
5 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 36 t W W 40 32 Sh. \k rm 1 SHUNT SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSPORT OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the treatment of hydrocephalus it has been customary to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from one site in the body to another. For example, a catheter may be introduced into a ventricle within the brain and connected through a pressure-operated check valve to a cardiac catheter so that the fluid (CSF) is introduced into the blood stream. Alternatively, a catheter may be inserted into the body adjacent the spine and connected through a check valve to a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity. The latter is commonly termed a lumbar peritoneal shunt system and may be employed only upon patients afflicted with communicating hydrocephalus, in which the excess CSF is not confined to the cranium but is present in the region of the spine.
For general discussions of the nature and functions of shunt systems employed in the treatment of hydrocephalus the reader is referred to the following articles in medical journals:
The Special Clinical Problem of Symptomatic Hydrocephalus with Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Observations on Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics," S. Hakim and R. D. Adams, Journal of the Neurological Sciences (1965) Vol.
Biomechanics of Hydrocephalus," S. Hakim, Acta Neurol. Latinoamer. (l97l) Suppl. 1, pp. l69-l94.
Initial Experience with the Hakim Valve for Ventriculovenous Shunt," Robert G. Ojemann, M.D., Journal of Neurosurgery (1968) Vol. XXVIII, No. 3, pp. 283-287.
Hydraulic and Mechanical Mis-matching of Valve Shunts Used in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus: the Need for a Servo-valve Shunt," Salomon Hakim. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Vol. (1973), pp. 646-653.
A Critical Analysis of Valve Shunts Used in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus, S. Hakim, F. Duran de la Roche, and J. D. Burton, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Apr. 1973), pp. 230255.
Shunt systems of this general sort are disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3,288,l42 and 3,527,226 granted No vember I966 and September I970 to Salomon D. Hakim, to which the reader is referred for information concerning the valves and their functions. Shunt systems heretofore employed have not satisfactorily solved a problem brought about by the pressure drop which results when the patient shifts from substantially horizontal to substantially vertical position. The check valves normally include a spring action to keep the valves closed until the CSF pressure rises to a predetermined pressure setting of the valve. However, in the case of a patient fitted with a lumbar peritoneal shunt system the hydrostatic head, working upon the check valve, increases abruptly when he moves from horizontal to vertical position, and the pressure increase causes the valve to open. The result is excessive rate of drainage. A similar rate of drainage change is caused by the length of the drainage tubing on a ventricular atrial or ventricular peritoneal shunt system as the patient moves from horizontal to vertical.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To overcome the problem just referred to we provide a second valve connected in series with the first valve and including means operated by gravity for urging the valve to closed position and operable at a higher pressure when the patient is substantially vertical. Consequently the CSF pressure required to produce drainage is automatically increased by an amount very close to the increase in the hydrostatic head or negative siphoning pressure when the patient rises from the horizontal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING These and other objects and features of the invention will more readily be understood and appreciated from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof selected for purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal cross-section through the valve structure of a lumbar peritoneal shunt system constructed in accordance with my invention,
FIG. 2 is a view in end elevation of the cap portion of the valve casing from the locus suggested by the line 2-2 of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a view in side elevation of the color coded gasket, and
FIG. 4 is a view in end elevation of the casing and two valves from the locus suggested generally by the line 4-4 of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The shunt system shown in the drawing is organized about a valve casing 12 conveniently molded from resilient plastic tissue compatible material, such as silastic rubber, in the shape of an elongated lozenge having at one end a chamber 16 communicating with an inlet port 14 adapted for the reception of a hollow plastic tissue compatible tube 10 adapted for connection to a catheter inserted in the region of the spine or other location in the body of the patient from which cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is to be taken. Communicating with the chamber 16 is an elongated socket 18 of circular cross-section adapted to receive a check valve 20. The valve 20 includes a hollow cylindrical casing 22, preferably of stainless steel, snapped into the socket l8 and provided internally with a valve seat 24 dimensioned to cooperate with a saphire ball 26 urged against the valve seat by means of a compression spring 28 held in place by an externally threaded hollow plug 32 received in threads 30 on the interior of the valve casing 22 and provided at its outer end with a socket 34 for reception of an Allen wrench. Consequently the plug may be translated axially within the casing 22 to adjust the pressure of the spring against the ball 26; this arrangement permits the manufacturer to pre-set the pressure at which the valve opens and the attending physician to change the pre-set pressure with a hypodermic needle after implant if he so desires.
The valve casing 22 extends outwardly beyond the end of the casing 12, and a gasket 38 fits over a portion of the exposed casing 22. The gasket 38 may be colored according to a preselected code in order to indicate the pressure at which one or both of the valves in the casing 12 will be opened. A resilient plastic cap 36 mates with the gasket 38 to complete the valve casing, and the casing 12, the gasket 38, and the cap 36 may be held together by any suitable adhesive. The cap 36 is provided with a chamber 40 communicating with the passage in the plug 32 and also with a second valve 41 received in a socket 43 formed in the valve casing 12 and parallel to the socket 18. In effect the sockets l8 and 43 are separated by an interior wall 42. The valve 41 includes a casing 44 fitting snugly within the socket 43 and housing a hollow plug 46 having a tapered recess 48 forming a valve seat for a saphire ball 50. Also contained within the casing 44 is a plurality of balls 52 somewhat larger than the ball 50 and serving as weights. The outlet end of the casing 44 is crimped inwardly to retain the balls in position. The arrangement is such that when the valve is horizontal, as shown in FIG. 1 the balls 52 are free to roll away from the valve seat 48, thus permitting the ball 50 to unseat itself and open for passage of CSF. However, when the valve is substantially vertical, the balls 52 operate by gravity to press the ball 50 into engagement with its valve seat 48. In the vertical position, therefore, more pressure is required to cause flow of CSF through the valve system. We contemplate the provision of valves incorporating different numbers of the balls 52 so that the operating pressure for opening the valve can be selected for the particular circumstances of a given patient, The color coding of the gasket 38 provides a simple means of indicating the operating pressure of a given system, and the adjustment of the plug 32 provides for fine adjustment of the operatmg pressure.
The casing 12 is also provided with an outlet chamber 56 communicating with a length of hollow tubing 60 which may be connected to a suitable drainage site within the patient.
The shunt system of my invention can conveniently be utilized as a lumbar peritoneal shunt where CSF is to be transported from a region adjacent the spine to the peritoneal cavity. However, the same system can also be used as ventricular shunt for implantation under the scalp and employed in connection with catheters inserted into a ventricle and into any convenient drainage site. The casing 12 and the cap 36 are provided with apertures 62 so that the valve structure can be anchored by sutures in such a position that it is horizontal when the patient is horizontal and vertical when the pa tient is also vertical.
It will now be seen that the valve is always operat ing in response to the pre-selected operating pressure, while the valve 41 operates at a higher pressure when the patient is vertical and is open when the patient assumes a substantially horizontal position. In the case of the lumbar peritoneal shunt system there is an abrupt increase in pressure on the valves due to the added hydrostatic head exhibited when the patient moves from horizontal to vertical position. When the shunt system is implanted beneath the scalp, the rise from horizontal to vertical position results in an abrupt pressure drop on the outlet side of the valves, but in either case the balls 52 function to compensate for the changes.
We claim:
1. A shunt system for transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body, comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a pressure-operated check valve connected to said tubing, a second valve connected in series to the check valve, separate means connected with said second valve and responsive to the force of gravity for causing said second valve to open at a higher pressure when the valve is substantially vertical and permitting the valve to open freely when the valve is substantially horizontal, and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site in the body to which the fluid is to be transported.
2. A shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid, comprising tubing for connection to a source of cerebrospinal fluid, a valve casing, a first pressureoperated check valve disposed in said casing, and a second valve disposed in said casing and connected in series with said first valve; said second valve including a valve seat, a first ball in said casing dimensioned to rest either on said seat or displaced from said seat, at least one other ball disposed in said casing in position to bear upon said first ball when the valve casing is in vertical position and free to roll in said casing when the valve casing is in horizontal position; and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site within the body to which the fluid is to be transported, whereby the valve casing may be so mounted in the body that only the first valve operates in response to an increase in pressure when the patient is in horizontal position but both valves open under an increase in pressure when the patient is in vertical position.
3. A shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body, comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a casing, a check valve disposed within said casing and connected to said tubing; 21 second valve disposed within said casing and including a valve seat, a ball cooperating with said valve seat, and at least one weight disposed adjacent said ball in position to bear upon the ball when the valve is in substantially vertical position and free to move away from the ball when the valve is in substantially horizontal position, said valves being connected in series, and tubing connected to the discharge side of said second valve.
4. The shunt system defined in claim 1 wherein said means comprises at least one ball.
5. The shunt system defined in claim 3 wherein the weight is a ball.

Claims (5)

1. A shunt system for transporting cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body, comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a pressure-operated check valve connected to said tubing, a second valve connected in series to the check valve, separate means connected with said second valve and responsive to the force of gravity for causing said second valve to open at a higher pressure when the valve is substantially vertical and permitting the valve to open freely when the valve is substantially horizontal, and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site in the body to which the fluid is to be transported.
2. A shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid, comprising tubing for connection to a source of cerebrospinal fluid, a valve casing, a first pressure-operated check valve disposed in said casing, and a second valve disposed in said casing and connected in series with said first valve; said second valve includinG a valve seat, a first ball in said casing dimensioned to rest either on said seat or displaced from said seat, at least one other ball disposed in said casing in position to bear upon said first ball when the valve casing is in vertical position and free to roll in said casing when the valve casing is in horizontal position; and tubing connected in series with said second valve for connection to a site within the body to which the fluid is to be transported, whereby the valve casing may be so mounted in the body that only the first valve operates in response to an increase in pressure when the patient is in horizontal position but both valves open under an increase in pressure when the patient is in vertical position.
3. A shunt system for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid from a source of such fluid within the body to a selected site within the body, comprising tubing for connection to the source of fluid, a casing, a check valve disposed within said casing and connected to said tubing; a second valve disposed within said casing and including a valve seat, a ball cooperating with said valve seat, and at least one weight disposed adjacent said ball in position to bear upon the ball when the valve is in substantially vertical position and free to move away from the ball when the valve is in substantially horizontal position, said valves being connected in series, and tubing connected to the discharge side of said second valve.
4. The shunt system defined in claim 1 wherein said means comprises at least one ball.
5. The shunt system defined in claim 3 wherein the weight is a ball.
US438217A 1974-01-31 1974-01-31 Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid Expired - Lifetime US3889687A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US438217A US3889687A (en) 1974-01-31 1974-01-31 Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid
GB130675A GB1468331A (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-13 Shunt and a shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid
SE7500979A SE407149B (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-29 SHUNT DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING CEREBROSPINAL LIQUID FROM A KELLA FOR SUCH LIQUID IN THE BODY TO A SELECTED FRAME IN THE BODY
FR7502981A FR2272685B1 (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-30
IT67234/75A IT1027422B (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-30 DERIVATION SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSPORT OF SPINAL CEREBRO FLUID
NL7501145A NL7501145A (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-30 SHUNTING DEVICE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF ROSPINAL LIQUID.
CA219,104A CA1007541A (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-31 Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid
DE19752503990 DE2503990A1 (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-31 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR DRAINING CEREBROSPINAL LIQUID
JP50012608A JPS6025136B2 (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-31 Diversion device for the transfer of cerebrospinal fluid
CH116675A CH588259A5 (en) 1974-01-31 1975-01-31

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US438217A US3889687A (en) 1974-01-31 1974-01-31 Shunt system for the transport of cerebrospinal fluid

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JP (1) JPS6025136B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1007541A (en)
CH (1) CH588259A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2503990A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2272685B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1468331A (en)
IT (1) IT1027422B (en)
NL (1) NL7501145A (en)
SE (1) SE407149B (en)

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US3985140A (en) * 1975-06-30 1976-10-12 Cordis Corporation Dual pressure valve for use in ventricular shunt system
US4413985A (en) * 1981-09-02 1983-11-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Dept. Of Health & Human Services Hydrocephalic antenatal vent for intrauterine treatment (HAVIT)
FR2539299A1 (en) * 1983-01-14 1984-07-20 Descartes Paris V Universite R HYDROCEPHALY TREATMENT DEVICE WITH VARIABLE IMPEDANCE FILTER
US4534758A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-08-13 Eli Lilly & Company Controlled release infusion system
US4583967A (en) * 1984-02-13 1986-04-22 Cordis Corporation Telescoping catheter shunt system
US4621654A (en) * 1986-02-03 1986-11-11 Holter John W Attitude and pressure responsive valve
US4627832A (en) * 1984-05-08 1986-12-09 Cordis Corporation Three stage intracranial pressure relief valve having single-piece valve stem
US4673384A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-06-16 Sophysa Valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus
US4675003A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-06-23 Cordis Corporation Three stage pressure regulator valve
US4676772A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-06-30 Cordis Corporation Adjustable implantable valve having non-invasive position indicator
US4681559A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-21 Cordis Corporation Plural valve three stage pressure relief system
US4714458A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-12-22 Cordis Corporation Three stage valve with flexible valve seat
US4714459A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-12-22 Cordis Corporation Three stage intracranial pressure control valve
US4729762A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-03-08 Cordis Corporation Three stage implantable pressure relief valve with adjustable valve stem members
US4776838A (en) * 1983-12-08 1988-10-11 Cordis Corporation Three stage valve
US4776839A (en) * 1986-10-21 1988-10-11 Cordis Corporation Three stage implantable pressure relief valve with improved valve stem member
US4781672A (en) * 1986-10-21 1988-11-01 Cordis Corporation Three stage implantable flow control valve with improved valve closure member
US4795437A (en) * 1987-01-29 1989-01-03 Pudenz-Schulte Medical Research Corporation Siphon control device
US4840617A (en) * 1980-04-14 1989-06-20 Thomas Jefferson University Cerebral and lumbar perfusion catheterization apparatus for use in treating hypoxic/ischemic neurologic tissue
US4861331A (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-08-29 Pudenz-Schulte Medical Research Corp. Implantable shunt system and method of assembly
US4867740A (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-09-19 Pudenz-Schulte Medical Research Corp. Multiple-membrane flow control valve and implantable shunt system
US4883456A (en) * 1988-02-22 1989-11-28 Holter John W Attitude and pressure responsive valve
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CH588259A5 (en) 1977-05-31
JPS50124488A (en) 1975-09-30
GB1468331A (en) 1977-03-23
NL7501145A (en) 1975-08-04
JPS6025136B2 (en) 1985-06-17
SE407149B (en) 1979-03-19
SE7500979L (en) 1975-08-01
FR2272685A1 (en) 1975-12-26
FR2272685B1 (en) 1979-03-09
CA1007541A (en) 1977-03-29
IT1027422B (en) 1978-11-20
DE2503990A1 (en) 1975-08-14

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