US3930063A - Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating - Google Patents
Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3930063A US3930063A US390897A US39089773A US3930063A US 3930063 A US3930063 A US 3930063A US 390897 A US390897 A US 390897A US 39089773 A US39089773 A US 39089773A US 3930063 A US3930063 A US 3930063A
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- uniformity
- fluorescent dye
- substrate
- application
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/22—Luminous paints
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/30—Luminescent or fluorescent substances, e.g. for optical bleaching
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/0072—Anti-slip papers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/91—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S252/00—Compositions
- Y10S252/965—Retrospective product identification, e.g. tags and tracers
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A large particle sized silica sol and a fluorescent dye are mixed together and applied as a coating to a substrate with theapplication monitored during coating by a light which renders the fluorescent dye visible; if the coating is blotched or uneven, corrections can be made during the run to provide a uniform coating.
- This invention relates generally to coating of substrates with an antiskid material and more particularly concerns the coating of substrates with an antiskid material in the form of a silica aquasol, provision being made for observing the uniformity of the coating applied to the substrate.
- an object of this invention to provide a composition and method for easily observing the uniformity of application of a silica sol coating. Another object is to provide a means for observing the uniformity of an aqueous silica sol coating application while the coating is still wet. An allied object is to provide a composition and method for observing the uniformity of a silica coating on a substrate without rendering the substrate unusable. A related object is to develop a composition which meets the above objects and one which does not have any adverse effects on the antiskid coating.
- a method for determining the uniformity of application of a silica aquasol coating on a substrate includes, preparing a liquid coating for application to the substrate and incorporating an indicator which becomes visible when irradiated with radiant energy of a predetermined wave length in the liquid coating.
- the coating and the indicator are then applied to the substrate and the applied coating is irradiated with the radiant energy of the predetermined wave length to render the indicator visible whereby any blotching or imperfections in application are readily apparent to a worker at an observation station.
- the applicator can be easily adjusted since the worker knows exactly when the problem occurs, and the imperfect coating on the substrate may be corrected by secondary applicators down the line from the observation station.
- antiskid agent is that of an aqueous silica sol.
- Aqueous silica sols with particle diameters from 4 to 150 mu can be used; however, large particle size sols are preferred due to their excellent antiskid performance.
- the preferred range of particle diameters is from 50 to 150 mu.
- antiskid compositions such as those based on aluminum oxide, other metal oxides or coated silica sols can also be used.
- a preferred fluorescent dye is that of Calcofluor White ST, manufactured by American Cyanamid, but other fluorescent dyes can be used.
- the amount of dye added to the product should be low enough that the properties of the product and of the substrate are not adversely affected but large enough that the dye can be I seen on a substrate with the irridiating radiation. This level depends upon the particular dye chosen, the amount of dilution of the antiskid product and the long term stability of the product.
- An ultraviolet light is a convenient source of irradiation.
- the fluorescent dye is usually applied as a solution rather than a dry powder. It was found that very low fluorescence was observable on the substrate at equivalent levels of fluorescent dye in the powder form being added to the antiskid mixture.
- a fluorescent brightener is optionally added to the fluorescent dye solution.
- a preferred mixture is a fluorescent dye dissolved in water containing small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine and a fluorescent brightener to give a solution which contains approximately 30% by weight fluorescent material. The cellosolve and triethanolamine are present to facilitate the initial dissolution of the fluorescent dye in water.
- a preferred brightener is a sulfonated triazinylstilbene known as fluorescent brightener 28, Color Index No. 40622. Some of these brighteners are available from E. I.-Dupont and are known as Paper White BN, Paper White BP, Pontamine White BT and Pontamine White BTS.
- a preferred antiskid and fluorescent dye coating was prepared consisting of approximately 40% silica concentration and a fluorescent dye concentration of 0.7%.
- EXAMPLE 1 A silica sol solution containing 50% SiO having a pH of 8.5, a viscosity of 10 cps and an average particle size of to mu was diluted with water to a 42% silica level, and a dye solution containing 30% Calcofluor White ST dissolved in water containing small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine was added with an appropriate amount of water togive a final 40% silica level to the application mixture, and mixed.
- the final concentration of Calcofluor White ST was 0.7% with approximately 0.2% by weight active fluorescent material. It is usually necessary to mix the fluorescent dye with the water prior to addition to the silica sol in order to prevent formation of gel particles, but accelerated aging tests showed a stability of the mixture of greater than one year.
- Example 1 The mixture of Example 1 was applied to a cellulosic substrate by application means such as a sponge, felt,
- roller, knife edge or sprayer An operator can irradia'tethe coated substrate with ultraviolet light to determine if the applicator is working properly and applying a uniform coating to the entire substrate. Adjustments can be made on the applicator while the machine is running in order to correct any non-uniformity of application.
- Antiskid tests were carried out on kraft wrapping paper coated with the above mixture containing a fluorescent dye and also the above mixture without a fluorescent dye.
- the slide angle was not adversely affected by the dye. Not only were completely uncoated areas easily observable, but also differences in thickness of the application were apparent from the intensity of the fluorescence.
- a method of determining the uniformity of application of a coating on a substrate and correcting for lack of uniformity comprising:
- silica is about 40% of weight of the total coating mixture and said fluorescent dye is about 0.2% by weight of the total coating mixture.
Abstract
A large particle sized silica sol and a fluorescent dye are mixed together and applied as a coating to a substrate with the application monitored during coating by a light which renders the fluorescent dye visible; if the coating is blotched or uneven, corrections can be made during the run to provide a uniform coating.
Description
Unite States atent Miller et al.
CORRECTING FOR NON-UNIFORMITY OF A SILICA SOL COATING Inventors: Richard C. Miller; Charles C.
Payne, both of Chicago, Ill.
Assignee: Nalco Chemical Company, Oak
Brook, 111.
Filed: Aug. 23, 1973 Appl. No.: 390,897
US. Cl 427/54; 73/150 R; 106/23; 106/36; 106/287 S; 427/157; 427/158 Int. Cl. BOSD 3/06; B05B 5/00; D061, 3/12 Field of Search 117/33.5 R, 169 A; 73/53, 73/150 R, 159; 250/321-323; 106/23, 36,
References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS 10/1950 Powers 117/169 A 51 Dec. 30, 1975 Primary Examiner-Michael R. Lusignan Attorney, Agent, or FirmKinzer, Plyer, Dorn & McEachran [57] ABSTRACT A large particle sized silica sol and a fluorescent dye are mixed together and applied as a coating to a substrate with theapplication monitored during coating by a light which renders the fluorescent dye visible; if the coating is blotched or uneven, corrections can be made during the run to provide a uniform coating.
2 Claims, No Drawings CORRECTING FOR NON-UNIFORIVIITY OF A SILICA SOL COATING BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to coating of substrates with an antiskid material and more particularly concerns the coating of substrates with an antiskid material in the form of a silica aquasol, provision being made for observing the uniformity of the coating applied to the substrate.
It is quite common in coating applications to coat a substrate several times, often with a coating which is hard to see with human eye. While this is a common problem with a clear coating, it is also a problem when coatings of similar color to the substrate are made. Often in these coating operations the applicator becomes blocked causing a non-uniform coating to be applied and it is necessary to quickly discover that the application is not uniform so as to correct the applicator.
Some attempts to discover this have used an indicator spray which is sprayed on the coating and gives a characteristic color if the silica is presehtfHowever, these indicators have been confined to use on special test panels of the coated substrate which are run infrequently, usuallyat the'start up of the coating application and at spaced intervals to recheck. These indicator sprays cannot be applied to a wet coating due to the solvent incompatability, so the coated substrate must be at least partially dried before the indicator spray is usable. These indicator sprays also form a permanent color change which renders any sprayed coated substrate unusable, so the test panels are usually discarded.
Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a composition and method for easily observing the uniformity of application of a silica sol coating. Another object is to provide a means for observing the uniformity of an aqueous silica sol coating application while the coating is still wet. An allied object is to provide a composition and method for observing the uniformity of a silica coating on a substrate without rendering the substrate unusable. A related object is to develop a composition which meets the above objects and one which does not have any adverse effects on the antiskid coating.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, a method for determining the uniformity of application of a silica aquasol coating on a substrate has been found which includes, preparing a liquid coating for application to the substrate and incorporating an indicator which becomes visible when irradiated with radiant energy of a predetermined wave length in the liquid coating. The coating and the indicator are then applied to the substrate and the applied coating is irradiated with the radiant energy of the predetermined wave length to render the indicator visible whereby any blotching or imperfections in application are readily apparent to a worker at an observation station. The applicator can be easily adjusted since the worker knows exactly when the problem occurs, and the imperfect coating on the substrate may be corrected by secondary applicators down the line from the observation station.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. While the invention will be described in connect-ion'with a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that his not intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit andscope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The preferred form of antiskid agent is that of an aqueous silica sol. Aqueous silica sols with particle diameters from 4 to 150 mu can be used; however, large particle size sols are preferred due to their excellent antiskid performance. The preferred range of particle diameters is from 50 to 150 mu. Of course, other antiskid compositions such as those based on aluminum oxide, other metal oxides or coated silica sols can also be used.
A preferred fluorescent dye is that of Calcofluor White ST, manufactured by American Cyanamid, but other fluorescent dyes can be used. The amount of dye added to the product should be low enough that the properties of the product and of the substrate are not adversely affected but large enough that the dye can be I seen on a substrate with the irridiating radiation. This level depends upon the particular dye chosen, the amount of dilution of the antiskid product and the long term stability of the product.
An ultraviolet light is a convenient source of irradiation.
The fluorescent dye is usually applied as a solution rather than a dry powder. It was found that very low fluorescence was observable on the substrate at equivalent levels of fluorescent dye in the powder form being added to the antiskid mixture. A fluorescent brightener is optionally added to the fluorescent dye solution. A preferred mixture is a fluorescent dye dissolved in water containing small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine and a fluorescent brightener to give a solution which contains approximately 30% by weight fluorescent material. The cellosolve and triethanolamine are present to facilitate the initial dissolution of the fluorescent dye in water. A preferred brightener is a sulfonated triazinylstilbene known as fluorescent brightener 28, Color Index No. 40622. Some of these brighteners are available from E. I.-Dupont and are known as Paper White BN, Paper White BP, Pontamine White BT and Pontamine White BTS.
A preferred antiskid and fluorescent dye coating was prepared consisting of approximately 40% silica concentration and a fluorescent dye concentration of 0.7%.
EXAMPLE 1 A silica sol solution containing 50% SiO having a pH of 8.5, a viscosity of 10 cps and an average particle size of to mu was diluted with water to a 42% silica level, and a dye solution containing 30% Calcofluor White ST dissolved in water containing small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine was added with an appropriate amount of water togive a final 40% silica level to the application mixture, and mixed. The final concentration of Calcofluor White ST was 0.7% with approximately 0.2% by weight active fluorescent material. It is usually necessary to mix the fluorescent dye with the water prior to addition to the silica sol in order to prevent formation of gel particles, but accelerated aging tests showed a stability of the mixture of greater than one year.
The mixture of Example 1 was applied to a cellulosic substrate by application means such as a sponge, felt,
roller, knife edge or sprayer. An operator can irradia'tethe coated substrate with ultraviolet light to determine if the applicator is working properly and applying a uniform coating to the entire substrate. Adjustments can be made on the applicator while the machine is running in order to correct any non-uniformity of application.
Antiskid tests were carried out on kraft wrapping paper coated with the above mixture containing a fluorescent dye and also the above mixture without a fluorescent dye. The slide angle was not adversely affected by the dye. Not only were completely uncoated areas easily observable, but also differences in thickness of the application were apparent from the intensity of the fluorescence.
When the prior art indicator sprays were used to check the coating levels, no difference was observed in the color and intensity of the separate indicator whether or not the coating contained a fluorescent dye. However, ultraviolet illumination of the substrate was capable of detecting the coating of antiskid agent at higher dilutions where the reaction of the indicator spray failed but the fluorescence was still present.
Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance with the invention, a coating that fully satisfies the objects, aims, and advantages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evi- 4 dent that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A method of determining the uniformity of application of a coating on a substrate and correcting for lack of uniformity comprising:
preparing an aqueous coating mixture containing an aqueous silica sol; incorporating in said coating mixture a fluorescent dye which becomes visible when irradiated with radiant energy of a predetermined wave length;
applying said coating mixture including said fluorescent dye to a substrate by means of an applicator;
radiating the applied coating on the substrate while it is still wet with radiant energy of said predetermined wave length to render the fluorescent dye visible to denote the uniformity or lack of uniformity of the application; and
adjusting the applicator to correct for non-uniformity of coating application.
2. A method as in claim I wherein said silica is about 40% of weight of the total coating mixture and said fluorescent dye is about 0.2% by weight of the total coating mixture.
Claims (2)
1. A METHOD OF DETERMINING THE UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION OF A COATING ON A SUBSTRATE AND CORRECTING FOR LACK OF UNIFORMITY COMPRISING: PREPARING AN AQUEOUS COATING MIXTURE CONTAINING AN AQUEOUS SILICA SOL; INCORPORATING IN SAID COATING MIXTURE A FLUORESCENT DYE WHICH BECOMES VISIBLE WHEN IRRADIATED WITH RADIANT ENERGY OF A PREDETERMINED WAVE LENGTH; APPLYING SAID COATING MIXTURE INCLUDING SAID FLUORESCENT DYE TO A SUBSTRATE BY MEANS OF AN APPLICATOR; RADIATING THE APPLIED COATING ON THE SUBSTRATE WHILE IT IS STILL WET WITH RADIANT ENERGY OF SAID PREDETERMINED WAVE LENGTH TO RENDER THE FLUORESCENT DYE VISIBLE TO DENOTE THE UNIFORMITY OF LACK OF UNIFORMITY OF THE APPLICATION; AND ADJUSTING THE APPLICATOR TO CORRECT FOR NON-UNIFORMITY OF COATING APPLICATION.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein said silica is about 40% of weight of the total coating mixture and said fluorescent dye is about 0.2% by weight of the total coating mixture.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US390897A US3930063A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1973-08-23 | Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating |
| US05/587,320 US3981820A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1975-06-16 | Antiskid coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US390897A US3930063A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1973-08-23 | Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/587,320 Division US3981820A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1975-06-16 | Antiskid coating |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3930063A true US3930063A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
Family
ID=23544404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US390897A Expired - Lifetime US3930063A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1973-08-23 | Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3930063A (en) |
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4281033A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-07-28 | Magnaflux Corporation | Fluorescent penetrant system |
| US4307149A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-12-22 | Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Mfg. Co., Inc. | Transfer elements and process for making same |
| US4396528A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1983-08-02 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Fluorescent composition, a process for synthesizing the fluorescent composition |
| US4771862A (en) * | 1988-01-22 | 1988-09-20 | Tufco Industries Inc. | Ladder guards |
| US4911830A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-27 | Pms Consolidated | Fluorescent pigment concentrates |
| US4922113A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1990-05-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
| US4978731A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1990-12-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
| US4982603A (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1991-01-08 | Dow Corning Corporation | Quality assurance test utilizing an amino functional organosilicon optical brightener |
| US5047444A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-09-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorescent degree of cure monitors |
| US5087670A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1992-02-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
| US5118559A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1992-06-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorescent degree of cure monitors |
| US5182316A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1993-01-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Fluorescent degree of cure monitors |
| US5270116A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1993-12-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
| US5391414A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1995-02-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Diskettes having crosslinked adhesive bond to hub |
| US5514479A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-05-07 | Feldstein; Nathan | Functional coatings comprising light emitting particles |
| US5516591A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1996-05-14 | Feldstein; Nathan | Composite plated articles having light-emitting properties |
| US6261631B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-07-17 | Tnemec Company, Inc. | Method for controlling wet film thickness of clear coatings by means of color-dissipating dye |
| US6630998B1 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2003-10-07 | Acushnet Company | Apparatus and method for automated game ball inspection |
| US6682810B1 (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2004-01-27 | Heriot-Watt University | Fluorescent materials |
| US20070042139A1 (en) * | 2000-10-03 | 2007-02-22 | Luminous Technologies Ltd. | Luminescent coating |
| US20080305244A1 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-11 | Ji Cui | Monitoring a coating applied to a metal surface |
| DE102008033940B3 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Innovent E.V. | Functional layer quality determining method, involves separately supplying colorant to working gas or plasma beam or flame or together with precursor, where method is implemented as normal pressure plasma method |
| US20100330264A1 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-12-30 | The Boeing Company | Colored coating and method |
| DE102013223261A1 (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-21 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Body coating, vehicle, method for detecting body damage to a vehicle and use of a film with a fluorescent agent |
| US10099961B2 (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2018-10-16 | United States Gypsum Company | Fluorescent building product and related detection method |
| US10201831B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2019-02-12 | General Electric Company | Coating inspection method |
| CN110461954A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2019-11-15 | 尔吉斯股份公司 | Coating for tagged plastic, the method for tagged plastic, for identification method of tagged plastic and its application in sorting plastic refuse |
| DE102020210484A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg | Method of checking a preservation layer |
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- 1973-08-23 US US390897A patent/US3930063A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| US3754984A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1973-08-28 | Nalco Chemical Co | Silica sol compositions and use for coating |
Cited By (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4396528A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1983-08-02 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Fluorescent composition, a process for synthesizing the fluorescent composition |
| US4307149A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1981-12-22 | Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Mfg. Co., Inc. | Transfer elements and process for making same |
| US4281033A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-07-28 | Magnaflux Corporation | Fluorescent penetrant system |
| US5270116A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1993-12-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
| US4922113A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1990-05-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Process for fluorimetric monitoring of functional coatings and compositions and fluorescent agents therefor |
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