US433152A - Self and wilhelm grillo - Google Patents

Description

(Spec1mens.)

M. SOHBOEDER. EXTRAGTING FATS AND OILS.

No. 433,152. Patented July 29, 1890.

WITNESSES. w W y takes place even in this case.

UNITED STATES PATENT OF ICE.

MAX SCHROEDER, ()F NEUMUIlL-HAMBORN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO HIM- SELF AND VILHELM GRILLO, OF SAME PLACE.

EXTRACTING FATS AND O |LS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent- No. 433,152, dated July 29,1890.

Application filed January 20,

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MAX SCHROEDER, of Neumilhl-llamborn, Empire of Germany, a citizen of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Extracting Fats and Oils, (which were patented to me in Germany by Letters Patent No. 50,360, dated June 13, 1889, and in France by Letters Patent No. 200,313, dated August 21, 1889,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved process of extracting fats and oils from substances containing the same by means of compressed liquid sulphurous acid, the invention being based on the recently-discovered fact that liquid sulphurous acid is a good solvent for fats and oils. This acid does not mix, however, in all proportions with the fats and oils to a homogeneous liquid; but the relative proportions have to be such that the extraction of the fatty substances may be accomplished after a certain time in the same manner as with benzine or carbon-sulphide. Aslong as a surplus quantity of oil is present, the mixture between the liquid sulphurous acid and the oil becomes a perfect one; but this mixing is not so perfect when the sulphurous acid is pres ent in abundance, as in that case, especially with low temperature (of 30 centi grade and below,) according to the quality of the oil, two superposed columns are formed, of which the upper lighter one contains more of theoil,besides sulphurous acid, while the lower heavier column contains sulphurous acid which has but little oil in solution. Vith an increase of temperature, however, the perfect mixing It appears, thus, that the liquid sulphurous acid is not as perfect a' medium for dissolving fats and oils as other known extracting media 3 but it has, on the other hand, advantages which outweigh this small and hardly-noticeable disadvantage.

An important advantage of the use of sulphurous acid as a solvent is that there is no danger of fire, which is the case with hydrocarbon solvents. Another advantage is that the liquid sulphurous acid, owing to its low boiling temperature, can be removed more easily from the fat or oil, as well as from the 1890. Serial No. 337,522. (Specimens) Patentedin Germany June 13, 1889, No. 50,360, and in France August 21, 1839,11! 200,313.

materials from which the fat is extracted. The process of extraction by means of liquid sulphurous acid does not diifer essentially from other methods of extraction. It is to be observed, however, that the extraction, corresponding to the nature of the liquid sulphurous acid, has to take place underahigher pressure than with other customary solvents. The apparatus used for this purpose has to be constructed,therefore, much stronger, as a pressure of from five to six atmospheres has to be provided for.

The extraction can take place in a cylindrical vessel on the counter-current principle or in asimpler man nerbypassing asmallquantity of solvent by means of distillation and percolation over theoil-containing substances. For the latter purpose it is preferable to use an upright iron cylinder or receiver, which is provided with the necessary openings for the filling and discharging of the materials, and with a grate or screen near the bottom, on which the same are supported, the openings to be provided with tightly-closing covers. Below the grate or screen is located a steam supply pipe, while at the upper part a supply-pipe for the introduction of the liquid sulphurous acid and at the bottom a discharge-pipe for the oil is arranged. The apparatus requires in, addition to these parts, a safety-valve with an outlet-pipe, a pressuregage, a thermometer, and a pipe connected to the top of the receiver, which pipe may be closed by a stopcock, and which is connected with a condensing-coil th'at is arranged above the cylinder and provided with a valve at the upper end. Owing to the low boiling temperature of the liquid sulphurous acid, it is necessary to arrange a valve by which the cooling-coil can be shut off during the extraction process.

The accompanying drawing shows one form of extraction apparatus adapted to be used in my process of extracting oilsand fats by means of liquid sulphurous acid under pressure.

A in the drawing represents the receiver, which is filled with the material to be extracted, such as crushed or comminuted cotton-seed, palm-seed, cocoanuts, &c.; B, the

reservoir for the liquid sulphurous acid; 0, the vessel for separating the latter from the oil extracted by means of steam-heat, and D, a condensing-coil for the sulpl'iurous-acid vapors. The coil D is connected bya valved pipe e with the receiver and by avalved pipe f with the reservoir for the acid. During the extraction the pipe e is open and the pipe f closed,while when the extraction is completed pipe 6 is closed and pipef opened, so that the condensed acid can return to the reservoir 13. The acid required for extraction is charged through the pipe a from the reservoir B'into the receiver A. The oil dissolved by the acid is conducted from the receiver A through the pipe I) to the vessel C, which latter can be heated by the steam-coil g h. The Vapors of the acid pass from the vessel 0 through pipe d to the condensing-coil D,which latter is cooled by a continuous fiow of water. The oil from which the acid has been separated is drawn 01f at the bottom of the vessel 0 by the pipe (1. The acid still remaining in the material extracted is driven off by means of steam, which is admitted" through pipe 2', the outletpipe is for the mixed steam and vapors being arranged at the upper part of the receiver A. The sulphurousacid vapors are separated in a cooling apparatus from the steam and re turned after drying by means of compressors to the reservoir B.

The apparatus is constructed of iron and lined with lead. Thepipes are made of copper, and all parts tested for a pressure of twelve atmospheres.

The operation is as follows: After the receiver is filled with the material to be extracted and all the openings closed, the required quantity of sulphurous acid isintroduced in liquid state under pressure into the receiver, while the air containing some gaseous sulphurous acid is allowed to escape through valve 61 at the upper part of the cooling-coil, so as to be removed from the apparatus. In practice a proportion of seventy-five parts of liquid sulphurous acid to one hundred parts of the material containingabout fifty per cent. of oil has givengood results. The liquid sulphurous acid is then gradually heated by the steam-coil in the vessel 0 to a temperature of from 30 to 40 centigrade, whereby a pressure pf from five to six atmospheres is developed in the apparatus. The sulphurous-acid gases percolate through the material to be extracted, and are partly condensed in the same and returned mixed with oil to the collecting-vessel 0. As soon as the material to be extracted has assumed the temperature of the acid the condensation and return of the liquid sulphurous acid is acconr plished by means of the cooling-coil. As soon as the extraction is completed, which, according to the quantity and density of the material to be extracted, takes place in from a few hours to a few days, the mixed sulphurous acid and oil which is collected at the vessel 0 of the apparatus is subjected to distillation,

either directly in said vessel or in a separate boiler. During the distilling process the cooling-coil is connected with a closed vessel, which serves as a reservoir for the liquid sulphurous acid.

For removing the sulphurous-aci l gases from the interior of the apparatus it'is necessary to use an exhauster, by which the gases are drawn off and returned into the collectingreservoir. The small quantity of sulphurous acid which still remains in the material from which the fatty oil is extracted is removed from the same by means of steam or hot air, which is forced through the same. In case steam is used for this purpose it is necessary to cover the interior of the apparatus with lead, so as to prevent the destructive influences of the dilute sulphurous acid which is formed thereby on the walls of the same.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to Patent I 1. The process herein described of extracting oils and fats from materials containing the same, which consists in subjecting the same to the elutriating action of sulphurous acid and then separating said acid from the oil or fat by distillation and condensation, substantially as set forth.

2. The process herein described of extracting oils and fats from materials containing the same, which consists in subjecting said materials to the elutriating action of sulphurous acid under pressure, separating the acid from the oil or fat by distillation and condensation, and finally removing the acid remaining in the materials extracted by steam or hot air, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in pres ence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAX SCHROEDER.

Witnesses:

L. A. EDWARDS, W. HAUPT.

secure by Letters

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