US4697069A - Tubular heater with an overload safety means - Google Patents
Tubular heater with an overload safety means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4697069A US4697069A US06/699,385 US69938583A US4697069A US 4697069 A US4697069 A US 4697069A US 69938583 A US69938583 A US 69938583A US 4697069 A US4697069 A US 4697069A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- casing tube
- heating coil
- tubular
- electrical
- tubular heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tubular heater comprising a heating coil of resistance wire, which is disposed in a casing tube, being embedded in insulating material, with an overload safety means.
- DE-OS German laid-open application
- No. 21 01 062 discloses an electrical tubular heater with temperature limiting means, wherein the switching member of the temperature limiting means, together with the heating conductor, is embedded in the compacted insulating material of the heater body.
- the switching member may be a fusible solder safety device or a bimetal safety device.
- Arranging the safety device within the heating region was found not to be a practicable proposition as, in the necessary operation of compacting the tubular heater, the safety means is compressed and thereby suffers damage.
- the rolling forces which are applied in the operation of compacting a tubular heater are so high that for example even solid pins which are embedded into the insulating material are reduced in diameter. Hitherto, no safety device which could withstand such rolling forces has yet been found.
- DE-OS German laid-open application
- No. 24 42 717 discloses an electrical heating plate for electric stoves having a means for protection against overheating, wherein a cold conductor which is incorporated into the electrical circuit, that is to say, an element which is referred to as a PTC-element, the cut-out temperature of which is considerably below the upper working temperature of the heating plate, is arranged underneath the plate at a location at which the temperature level in operation of the heating plate is substantially lower than that of the plate. That arrangement makes it possible for the heating plate to reach a higher temperature for a brief period of time, without the cold conductor responding.
- the problem of brief overheating is not an acute one, in tubular heaters.
- the safety means should respond as quickly as possible if for example the tubular heater begins to go incandescent, for example as a result of the arrangement running dry.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a tubular heater with overload safety means, which provides for an improved response characteristic in respect of the overload safety means.
- the safety means is arranged in the unheated portion within the tubular heater. That arrangement, at the connecting end of the tubular heater, makes it possible for the tubular heater to be compacted and for the safety means to be only subsequently fitted in position. That in principle avoids damage to the safety means, in a simple fashion.
- the safety means registers only increases in the temperature of the heating conductor, with respect to the relatively cold unheated end of the tubular heater, and irrespective of calcification. That means that the safety means can be given a cut-off value which also takes account of production tolerances and which protects the tubular heater from overloading.
- the novel design of the tubular heater gives a number of advantages. As the tubular heater itself has a precisely adjusted safety fuse, a series of uncertainty factors is no longer encountered. In particular, the arrangement ensures that the response value of the overload safety means must necessarily always remain the same, independently of the operating conditions and the operating time of the piece of equipment which is fitted with the tubular heater. Even if additional temperature switches and controllers are used, the arrangement ensures in any case that, in the event of failure of such temperature regulators, the overload safety means responds when a given limit temperature is exceeded.
- FIGS. 1 through 6 show diagrammatic views illustrating the production process
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the connecting end of a first embodiment of a tubular heater, produced in accordance with the process
- FIG. 8 shows a sectional view, similar to FIG. 7, of a further embodiment
- FIG. 9 shows a sectional view, similar to FIG. 8, of a third embodiment
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, of a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 11 shows a sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, of an embodiment having PTC-discs or plates, and
- FIG. 12 shows a sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, of an embodiment having a heat sensor.
- a heating coil 2 is fitted by means of its ends onto a connecting element which comprises a cylindrical body 4, a stepped cylindrical portion 4a of smaller diameter and an elongate conical end portion 5.
- a connecting element which comprises a cylindrical body 4, a stepped cylindrical portion 4a of smaller diameter and an elongate conical end portion 5.
- some windings are welded or soldered to the cylindrical portion 4a, at 6, as shown in FIG. 2, by means of a contact-less soldering or welding process, in particular a laser beam welding process.
- the resulting assembly is now introduced in the usual manner into a casing tube 1 which is filled with insulating material, for example magnesium oxide.
- the connecting element is partially embedded into the insulating material, that is to say, embedded therein at a maximum as far as an annular groove 18 in the cylindrical body 4.
- the resulting intermediate product is pressed for example by being passed through a pair of rolls 30, for the purposes of compacting the insulating material 3.
- the portion 19 of the connecting element, which projects beyond the annular groove 18, is broken off so that a free space is formed in the end of the tubular heater.
- the connecting element is broken off without forming a burr or fin, so that a sleeve 20 can be pushed onto the cylindrical portion 4 of the connecting element.
- the sleeve 20 may be slitted along a generatrix, to enhance its resilient pinching force.
- a safety fuse 9 which has a connecting wire 11 is now fitted into the sleeve 20.
- the safety fuse 9 is fixed and sealed in position by means of an insulating bush member 22.
- a connecting tube 7 is fitted over the cylindrical portion of the connecting pin 4 and the weld location 6, and is pressed against the weld location 6.
- the connecting tube 7 is held concentrically in the casing tube 1 by a sleeve-like insulating bead 8, the end of the connecting tube 7 projecting beyond the end of the insulating bead 8.
- a substantially cylindrical safety fuse 9 is now fitted into the connecting tube 7, and is secured to a connecting wire portion 11.
- An insulating sheath 12 is drawn over the connecting wire portion 11.
- the length of the connecting tube 7, which is in the casing tube 1, is embedded into the insulating material.
- the tubular heater can thus be rolled to compact the insulating material 3 over its full length, the connecting tube 7 being suitably fixed in positin.
- the elongate conical end portion 5 of the connecting pin 4 makes it possible for the pressing rolls to be suitably set by an automatic control means, with the roll gap being increased but the pressing force being maintained at a constant value.
- the tubular heater has a double connection, the end of the connecting tube 7 which projects beyond the insulating bead 8 having a direct electrical connection to the heating coil 2, while the projecting end of the connecting wire 11 permits electrical connection to heating coil 2 by way of the safety fuse 9.
- the tubular heater can therefore be subjected for example in the factory where it is manufactured, for test purposes, to a voltage which goes beyond the capacity of the safety fuse 9.
- a voltage which goes beyond the capacity of the safety fuse 9.
- the end of the connecting tube 7 can be utilised for operating or monitoring conditions which do not require a safety means, for example monitoring or checking the temperature of the heating coil by a resistance measurement operation, performing a running check on the leakage current, and the like.
- the safety fuse 9 can be easily replaced by being drawn out of the connecting tube 7.
- FIG. 9 differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, in that the connecting pin 4 is omitted.
- This arrangement has a connecting tube 13, the end 14 thereof, which is disposed in the tubular heater, being of an elongate conical configuration.
- the heating coil 2 is welded or soldered to the conical end portion 14, at 15.
- the safety fuse 9 has a correspondingly shaped projection portion 16 which is fitted into the end 14.
- This embodiment has the advantage that a saving is made in respect of the connecting pin 4 and that the safety fuse 9 is better fixed in position by suitably clamping the end 16. Contact-making is also more reliable.
- a tube 27 is fitted to the connecting pins of the tubular heater. Disposed in the tube 27 is a safety fuse 9 which is pressed into position by a spring 28 in such a way as to ensure good electrical contact of the inner connection 29.
- FIG. 11 The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 is similar to that shown in FIG. 8. However, instead of a safety fuse 9, this embodiment uses PTC-discs or plates 23 which are set in place with the interposition of an insulating film or foil 24.
- the PTC-members 23 comprise a resistance material having a positive temperature gradient. Accordingly, the flow of current from the connecting wire 11 to the connecting pin 4 falls with increasing heating of the PTC-members 23. If therefore, as a result of overheating of the tubular member, heat is correspondingly conducted by the connecting tube 7 from the interior of the tubular heater to the PTC-elements 23, then that gives a corresponding drop in the flow of current due to the increase in resistance, and accordingly causes the heating output to be cut down.
- FIG. 12 shows that it may be advantageous for a corresponding temperature-sensitive assembly or unit 26, to be disposed outside the casing tube 1 of the tubular heater.
- the assembly 26 which is shown in diagrammatic form, may comprise the described PTC-elements, but it may also comprise other temperature-sensitive switching members such as bimetal switches or an electrical switching means. Because the temperature-sensitive assembly 26 is disposed outside the casing 1 and is cooled, the response point thereof may be set close to the melting point of the heating coil or of the casing tube 1 of the tubular heater. On the other hand however, the assembly is caused to respond when the current flow rises in an inadmissible fashion, for example when the tubular heater begins to burn through or blow due to the formation of an arc from the heating coil 2 to the casing tube 1.
- the overload safety means is disposed in the non-heated end of the tubular heater and no calcium depositing occurs on the tubular heater casing at that point, that arrangement ensures that, in operation, at a given level of electrical power consumption, the same temperature always obtains in the vicinity of the safety means.
- the safety means can therefore be set to a temperature which is for example only 50° C. above that temperature around the safety means. That ensures reliable response long before there is a danger of fire occurring, so that it is also possible to equip, with the tubular heater electrical equipment with burnable plastic casings.
- the elongate conical end portion 5, 14 of the connecting pin 5 or the connecting tube 13 conducts the heat which occurs in the interior of the tubular heater to the safety element so that the safety element responds if the heating coil 2 attains an excessively high temperature, for example due to the tubular heater burning through or running dry due to a failure in the water supply, for example in washing machines or dishwashing machines.
- the length of the conical end portion 5, from the weld location 6, which projects into the tubular heater, should correspond to at least twice the outside diameter of the tubular heater.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/699,385 US4697069A (en) | 1983-08-22 | 1983-08-22 | Tubular heater with an overload safety means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/699,385 US4697069A (en) | 1983-08-22 | 1983-08-22 | Tubular heater with an overload safety means |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4697069A true US4697069A (en) | 1987-09-29 |
Family
ID=24809086
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/699,385 Expired - Lifetime US4697069A (en) | 1983-08-22 | 1983-08-22 | Tubular heater with an overload safety means |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4900897A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-02-13 | Emerson Electric Co. | Sheathed electric heating element assembly |
US5020128A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1991-05-28 | Ingo Bleckmann | Tubular sheathed electric heater with an overheat safety device |
FR2681496A1 (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-19 | Vulcanic | Shielded heating elements with electrical supply and method of manufacture of such elements |
DE4313339A1 (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-03 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Safety device of an electric heating element against inadmissible reduction in heat consumption |
US5408579A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1995-04-18 | Sheathed Heating Elements Limited | Electric element assembly |
US5706390A (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1998-01-06 | Otter Controls Limited | Electrically powered immersion heating elements and controls therefor |
EP0876081A2 (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-04 | Tovarna elektrotermicnih aparatov ETA Cerkno d.o.o. | Tubular heating element with build-in overheat protection |
US20060272775A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2006-12-07 | Horsky Thomas N | Method and apparatus for extracting ions from an ion source for use in ion implantation |
US7820981B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2010-10-26 | Semequip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extending equipment uptime in ion implantation |
EP2276325A1 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-19 | Strix Limited | Electrical heating elements |
WO2012013896A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Vernet | Heating cartridge, and thermostatic element comprising such a cartridge |
WO2012013897A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Vernet | Thermostatic valve comprising a heating cartridge |
US20170267215A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-21 | Valeo Systèmes d'Essuyage | Vehicle windscreen wiper heating element |
CN109429385A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Sheathed heater |
CN109424416A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Cooling hot-water heating system for electric vehicle |
USD906383S1 (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-12-29 | Hotset Gmbh | Electrical heater for injection-molding machine |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1859765A (en) * | 1928-08-16 | 1932-05-24 | Arthur C Burleigh | Thermostatically controlled electric circuit |
US2669636A (en) * | 1951-05-21 | 1954-02-16 | Gen Electric | Sheathed electric heater insulating material |
DE2101062A1 (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-07-27 | Tuerk & Hillinger Kg | Electric tubular heater with temperature limiter |
DE2442717A1 (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1976-03-18 | Karl Fischer | Electric cooker hotplate with controlled characteristics - allows full power to be supplied to the plate when appropriate but prevents overheating |
GB2021369A (en) * | 1978-05-13 | 1979-11-28 | Stegmeier H | A heating cartridge |
US4230935A (en) * | 1978-02-14 | 1980-10-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Immersion heater |
US4358667A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1982-11-09 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Cartridge-type electric immersion heating element having an integrally contained thermostat |
US4390776A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-06-28 | Yane Daryl J | Immersion heater |
-
1983
- 1983-08-22 US US06/699,385 patent/US4697069A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1859765A (en) * | 1928-08-16 | 1932-05-24 | Arthur C Burleigh | Thermostatically controlled electric circuit |
US2669636A (en) * | 1951-05-21 | 1954-02-16 | Gen Electric | Sheathed electric heater insulating material |
DE2101062A1 (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1972-07-27 | Tuerk & Hillinger Kg | Electric tubular heater with temperature limiter |
DE2442717A1 (en) * | 1974-09-06 | 1976-03-18 | Karl Fischer | Electric cooker hotplate with controlled characteristics - allows full power to be supplied to the plate when appropriate but prevents overheating |
US4358667A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1982-11-09 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Cartridge-type electric immersion heating element having an integrally contained thermostat |
US4230935A (en) * | 1978-02-14 | 1980-10-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Immersion heater |
GB2021369A (en) * | 1978-05-13 | 1979-11-28 | Stegmeier H | A heating cartridge |
US4390776A (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-06-28 | Yane Daryl J | Immersion heater |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5020128A (en) * | 1987-11-30 | 1991-05-28 | Ingo Bleckmann | Tubular sheathed electric heater with an overheat safety device |
EP0370941A2 (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-30 | Emerson Electric Co. | Sheathed electric heating element assembly |
EP0370941A3 (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-08-08 | Emerson Electric Co. | Sheathed electric heating element assembly |
AU617546B2 (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1991-11-28 | Emerson Electric Co. | Sheathed electric heating element assembly |
US4900897A (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-02-13 | Emerson Electric Co. | Sheathed electric heating element assembly |
US5408579A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1995-04-18 | Sheathed Heating Elements Limited | Electric element assembly |
FR2681496A1 (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-03-19 | Vulcanic | Shielded heating elements with electrical supply and method of manufacture of such elements |
US5706390A (en) * | 1992-03-10 | 1998-01-06 | Otter Controls Limited | Electrically powered immersion heating elements and controls therefor |
DE4313339A1 (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-11-03 | Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer | Safety device of an electric heating element against inadmissible reduction in heat consumption |
EP0876081A2 (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-04 | Tovarna elektrotermicnih aparatov ETA Cerkno d.o.o. | Tubular heating element with build-in overheat protection |
EP0876081A3 (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-11 | Tovarna elektrotermicnih aparatov ETA Cerkno d.o.o. | Tubular heating element with build-in overheat protection |
US20060272775A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2006-12-07 | Horsky Thomas N | Method and apparatus for extracting ions from an ion source for use in ion implantation |
US20100107980A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2010-05-06 | Semequip | Method and apparatus for extracting ions from an ion source for use in ion implantation |
US7791047B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2010-09-07 | Semequip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extracting ions from an ion source for use in ion implantation |
US7820981B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2010-10-26 | Semequip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extending equipment uptime in ion implantation |
US8368309B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2013-02-05 | Semequip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for extracting ions from an ion source for use in ion implantation |
CN101959337A (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-26 | 施特里克斯有限公司 | Electrical heating elements |
EP2276325A1 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-19 | Strix Limited | Electrical heating elements |
CN101959337B (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2013-07-24 | 施特里克斯有限公司 | Electrical heating elements |
WO2012013897A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Vernet | Thermostatic valve comprising a heating cartridge |
FR2963531A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-03 | Vernet | HEAT CARTRIDGE AND THERMOSTATIC ELEMENT COMPRISING SUCH A CARTRIDGE |
FR2963530A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-03 | Vernet | HEAT CARTRIDGE FOR A THERMOSTATIC ELEMENT AND THERMOSTATIC VALVE HAVING SUCH A CARTRIDGE |
CN103222336A (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-07-24 | 韦内特公司 | Heating cartridge, and thermostatic element comprising such a cartridge |
WO2012013896A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Vernet | Heating cartridge, and thermostatic element comprising such a cartridge |
US20170267215A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-21 | Valeo Systèmes d'Essuyage | Vehicle windscreen wiper heating element |
US10625562B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-04-21 | Hyundai Motor Company | Cooling water heating apparatus for electric vehicle |
CN109424416A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Cooling hot-water heating system for electric vehicle |
CN109424416B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2021-12-28 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Cooling water heating apparatus for electric vehicle |
CN109429385A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Sheathed heater |
US10622121B2 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2020-04-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Sheath heater |
KR20190027029A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Sheath heater |
US20190074112A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-07 | Hyundai Motor Company | Sheath heater |
CN109429385B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2022-04-19 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Sheath heater |
USD906383S1 (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-12-29 | Hotset Gmbh | Electrical heater for injection-molding machine |
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