US5592151A - Fire monitoring system - Google Patents
Fire monitoring system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5592151A US5592151A US08/406,074 US40607495A US5592151A US 5592151 A US5592151 A US 5592151A US 40607495 A US40607495 A US 40607495A US 5592151 A US5592151 A US 5592151A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- bunker
- pair
- waste bunker
- infrared
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fire monitoring system for waste bunkers including an infrared camera for the fire monitoring system and a method for fire monitoring.
- Waste which is intended to be incinerated is stored upstream of a waste incineration plant in a closed space, in a so-called waste bunker.
- the waste stored in the form of loose material, can catch fire for various reasons.
- environmentally damaging gases are produced, which represent an exceptional environmental loading in the vicinity of the waste incineration plant.
- a bunker fire leads to an interruption of operations with corresponding technical, logistical and economic problems. Since bunker fires are occurring ever more often, there is a requirement to combat them effectively.
- bunker fires presupposes the early detection and location of warm places, that is to say sources of fire, in the bunker.
- Such an early detection and location is problematical for various reasons.
- the visibility in the air space of the bunker is insufficient, since the air is laden with dust and an intense development of smoke precedes the fire.
- the surface of the mass of waste is not even and distortions of an optical image of this surface result from the higher and lower places and from changes resulting from waste removal, delivery and restocking.
- one object of the present invention is to provide a novel fire monitoring system for the early detection of fires in waste bunkers, and in particular for precise localization of sources of the fires.
- the system according to the present invention achieves this objective by the automatic exact spatial detection of places having an increased temperature, that is to say of possible sources of fire, in the waste bunker, before the actual outbreak of fire, and hence timely and specific fire-fighting is made possible.
- the applicants of the present invention have determined that only the determination of the exact spatial, that is to say three-dimensional, coordinates of the locations having increased temperature enables the successful fire-fighting in the waste bunker.
- Digitizing two thermal images, which are made, by two infrared cameras arranged at a distance from each other, of the same region of the waste bunker, together with a determination of the exact angle value by means of an angle transmitter enables the determination of the spatial coordinates of the places having increased temperatures and, thereby, locations for specific fire-fighting efforts can be determined. Since only the location of an event, that is to say a temperature increase, is to be detected, no highly sensitive infrared camera is needed according to the invention, rather a so-called fire-fighting camera, which signals the warm places as a light spot, is sufficient.
- a test element having a surface which can be heated in a controlled manner can be arranged inside the waste bunker. By means of periodic heating of the surface of this test element, the functional capability of the system according to the invention can be checked.
- heatable calibration elements are provided for calibrating the system according to the invention. These heatable calibration elements are fitted inside the waste bunker at predetermined places, are heated and, by determining their spatial coordinates--which are known per se--the system is calibrated, or the calibration is checked, as required.
- a screen is provided, connected to the system, for the optical display of the digitized thermal images.
- optical information is supplied to the operating personnel, which makes the rectification of a heating of a source of fire simpler and accelerates the fire-fighting process.
- the system has an alarm device which triggers an optical and/or acoustic alarm in the case of a predetermined threshold temperature being exceeded at one or more places in the waste bunker.
- the alarm device can, if desired, have means for the automatic triggering of steps for the rectification of the sources of the hot places.
- the system of the present invention preferably has a storage means, which stores data of the alarm processes, such as spatial coordinates of the source of fire, from the instant of the detection and the time interval up to the time of triggering the alarm and up to engaging the necessary steps for the rectification of the sources of the heating.
- data of the alarm processes such as spatial coordinates of the source of fire
- the spatial coordinates of the hot places determined by the fire monitoring system according to the invention can be communicated to a further system for initiating predetermined steps, for example triggering a specific automatic extinguishing process.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective representation of a waste bunker
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic picture of a system according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a section through an infrared camera according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a screen representation of a thermal image.
- a waste bunker 1 is shown schematically and has a bottom 2, four side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 and a cover 7. The whole bottom 2 is covered by waste 8.
- the surface 9 of the waste 8 is three-dimensional, that is to say the waste 8 has a hills-and-valleys topography.
- two infrared cameras 11, 12 are arranged on one axis of rotation 10 at a distance from one another and are directed in parallel.
- the arrangement of a plurality of pairs of infrared cameras may be necessary.
- FIG. 2 One implementation of the system of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2.
- the system 21 in FIG. 2 includes two infrared cameras 11, 12 arranged on the axis of rotation 10, and the axis of rotation 10 is connected to a drive motor 22.
- the drive motor 22, as indicated by an arrow, can be rotated in two directions and is connected to a control device 23.
- the control device 23 has analog and digital inputs and outputs, a memory-programmable controller 24, and an operating station 25 with an input element 27 and a display 26.
- the axis of rotation 10 has allocated to it an angle transmitter 28, which is connected to the control device 23.
- angle transmitter 28 is an absolute angle transmitter with a digital output and a minimum resolution of 12 bits or more.
- the control device 23 is connected to a computer 31 via a serial interface 29.
- a screen 32, an operating keyboard 33 and a report printer 34 are allocated to the computer 31.
- the drive motor 22 is driven by the computer 31 via the control device 23.
- the rotational position of the axis of rotation 10 is sampled by the angle transmitter 28 and its signals, for example from a 12-bit parallel bus, are fed to the control device 23.
- Both infrared cameras 11, 12 are fed from the control device 23 via a feed line 35a.
- the video signals of the infrared camera 11, 12 are fed to the computer 31 via a video line 35b.
- computer 31 the video signals are digitized and the data is shown on the screen 27 or printed out by the report printer 28.
- the output of the infrared cameras 11 and 12 and a determination of their angle of orientation by angle transmitter 28 are utilized to determine the exact spatial coordinates and thus location of any hot spots within the bunker 1.
- a warning device 36 is activated via the control device 23.
- the warning device 36 can be arranged, for example, in the cabin of cranes 43, 43' which load the waste bunker 1.
- an operating element 37 arranged at the same location and likewise connected to the control device 23, the warning can be acknowledged by the crane driver. The duration of the sampling of a bunker is determined in accordance with the circumstances of the individual case.
- sixteen calibration elements 38 having a heatable surface are arranged in the waste bunker 1, at least at the start of the operation of the system 21. These individual calibration elements 38 are connected to corresponding outputs 42 of the control device 23 via a field connection box 39 having sockets 41 and can be driven individually.
- Allocated to the grab of the two cranes 43, 43' arranged in the waste bunker is a longitudinal transmitter 44, 45, a transverse transmitter 46, 47 and a depth transmitter 48, 49. These transmitters establish the position of the grabs and communicate the data to the control device 23.
- test element 51 which can be heated under control of the control device 23, with which the functional capability of the system 21 can be checked periodically, in that a test alarm is triggered by heating up the test element 51.
- control device 23 has an output 52 for a further alarm report and an output 53 for a system disturbance report.
- an extinguishing process can be initiated in various ways after triggering the alarm.
- an extinguishing and cooling action can be carried out automatically with a locally specific extinguishing intervention such as sprinklers, or one of the crane grabs can be driven manually or automatically into position and then positions extinguishing means at the hot place or lifts out the hot material.
- the infrared camera 11 is shown in detail in FIG. 3 and has a double-walled camera housing 61, in which the actual thermal imaging camera 62 is arranged.
- the thermal imaging camera 62 preferably has a sensitivity range from 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and preferably indicates temperature differences of about 2° C. or more.
- the bottom 63 of the infrared camera 11 is partially formed by an IR-transparent glass window 64, made for example out of germanium glass.
- an inlet 65 for flushing air is arranged and, on the bottom 63, outlet openings 66 for the flushing air are arranged.
- a tube 67 made of porous sintered material is connected to the openings 66, through which tube (as indicated by arrows) the flushing air leaves the infrared camera 11 and thus prevents the steaming up of the glass window 64.
- the thermal imaging camera 62 has connections 68, 69 both for the supply and also for communicating the thermal images. Furthermore, in the upper part of the camera housing 61, there is a water inlet 71 for cooling water.
- the water cooling is activated--only on reaching a predetermined temperature in the range of, for example, 50° to 90° C.--by a temperature sensor 72 arranged externally on the camera housing 61, in that the temperature sensor actuates a valve 74 in a water outlet 75 arranged on the lower part of the camera housing 61, via a capillary tube 73.
- the water cooling the infrared camera is connected to a pressurized water line, for example to a public supply or that of a sprinkler system.
- a simple thermal imaging camera without dedicated cooling which does not deliver a true thermal image but only thermal points, can also be used.
- an event image 81 on the screen 32 allocated to the computer 31 is shown.
- the upper part of the event image shows two camera images 82, 83, on which a place having an increased temperature, a potential source of fire in the waste bunker, appears as a bright spot 84, 84'.
- On a second, central image 85, the position 86, 87 of the grabs of the two cranes and of the source of fire 84 is shown in plan view and, in a third lower image 88, a side view is shown.
- the coordinates of the source of the fire are specified with X, Y, Z.
- the screen representation facilitates the work of the operating personnel and accelerates intervention where applicable.
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00797/94A CH687653A5 (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1994-03-17 | Brandueberwachungssystem. |
CH797/94 | 1994-06-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5592151A true US5592151A (en) | 1997-01-07 |
Family
ID=4195411
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/406,074 Expired - Fee Related US5592151A (en) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-03-17 | Fire monitoring system |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5592151A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0673008B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2892962B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE187834T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2144579A1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH687653A5 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ285269B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59507405D1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI951231A (en) |
HU (1) | HUT71134A (en) |
NO (1) | NO951004L (en) |
PL (1) | PL307706A1 (en) |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5937077A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1999-08-10 | General Monitors, Incorporated | Imaging flame detection system |
US6085152A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-07-04 | Cambridge Management Advanced Systems Corporation | Apparatus and method for monitoring and reporting weather conditions |
EP1180324A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-20 | TD Group S.p.A. | Method and apparatus for observing and determining the position of targets in geographical areas |
US20030038877A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2003-02-27 | Anton Pfefferseder | Imaging fire detector |
US6611207B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-08-26 | University Of Science And Technology Of China | Method for detecting fire with light section image to sense smoke |
US20030179095A1 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-25 | Daniel Opitz | Method and apparatus for testing a fire detecting device |
US20030215141A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Zakrzewski Radoslaw Romuald | Video detection/verification system |
US6696958B2 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-02-24 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Method of detecting a fire by IR image processing |
US20040086021A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Litwin Robert Zachary | Infrared temperature sensors for solar panel |
US20040183021A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2004-09-23 | Luck Jonathan M. | Solar powered narrow band radiation sensing system for detecting and reporting forest fires |
US20050001729A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2005-01-06 | Garmer William R. | System and method for fire detection |
US20050012626A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Owrutsky Jeffrey C. | Fire detection method |
US6909495B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2005-06-21 | Diamond Power International, Inc. | Emissivity probe |
ES2259272A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-16 | Emilio Rojo Navarro | Fire prevention system for rooms has processor in control center that activates warning device if smoke or fire is detected in room |
US20070074035A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-03-29 | Tom Scanlon | Secure recordation for inspection systems and methods |
US20100006087A1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Brightsource Industries (Israel) Ltd. | Systems and methods for control of a solar power tower using infrared thermography |
US7738008B1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2010-06-15 | Infrared Systems International, Inc. | Infrared security system and method |
US20110259616A1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-10-27 | Volkswind Gmbh | Method and apparatus for automatically extinguishing fires on or in the surrounding area of the wind energy installation |
US20120072171A1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-22 | Arnone James L | Dynamic data acquisition, and apparatus and methods therefor |
US20120133739A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Image processing apparatus |
US20130278759A1 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2013-10-24 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Geodesic measuring device comprising a thermographic camera |
US9635282B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2017-04-25 | Fluke Corporation | Visible light and IR combined image camera |
WO2020174266A1 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | Lyncee Tec Sa | Imaging system for imaging in a controlled environment |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005020328B4 (en) * | 2005-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Rag Aktiengesellschaft | Temperature measurement in coke ovens by means of a thermal imaging camera and control device therefor |
DE102016105172A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-21 | CIRP GmbH | Laser sintering method and apparatus for performing a laser sintering process |
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US3969714A (en) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-07-13 | Greer Gerald L | Safety system for cranes |
US4131914A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1978-12-26 | Bricmont & Associates, Inc. | Method and apparatus for inspecting refractory lining in coke oven chambers and the like |
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JPH0741892B2 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1995-05-10 | 株式会社ヤマガタグラビヤ | Device for taking out one piece of bag |
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1994
- 1994-03-17 CH CH00797/94A patent/CH687653A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-01-18 DE DE59507405T patent/DE59507405D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-18 EP EP95100580A patent/EP0673008B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-18 AT AT95100580T patent/ATE187834T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-14 CA CA002144579A patent/CA2144579A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-14 HU HU9500779A patent/HUT71134A/en unknown
- 1995-03-15 PL PL95307706A patent/PL307706A1/en unknown
- 1995-03-15 NO NO951004A patent/NO951004L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-03-16 FI FI951231A patent/FI951231A/en unknown
- 1995-03-16 CZ CZ95677A patent/CZ285269B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5937077A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1999-08-10 | General Monitors, Incorporated | Imaging flame detection system |
US6085152A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-07-04 | Cambridge Management Advanced Systems Corporation | Apparatus and method for monitoring and reporting weather conditions |
US6208938B1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2001-03-27 | Cambridge Management Advanced Systems Corporation | Apparatus and method for monitoring and reporting weather conditions |
US6611207B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-08-26 | University Of Science And Technology Of China | Method for detecting fire with light section image to sense smoke |
US20030038877A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2003-02-27 | Anton Pfefferseder | Imaging fire detector |
US7286704B2 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2007-10-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Imaging fire detector |
EP1180324A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-20 | TD Group S.p.A. | Method and apparatus for observing and determining the position of targets in geographical areas |
US20040183021A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2004-09-23 | Luck Jonathan M. | Solar powered narrow band radiation sensing system for detecting and reporting forest fires |
US7256401B2 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2007-08-14 | Ambient Control Systems, Inc. | System and method for fire detection |
US7154095B2 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2006-12-26 | Ambient Control Systems, Inc. | Solar powered narrow band radiation sensing system for detecting and reporting forest fires |
US20050001729A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2005-01-06 | Garmer William R. | System and method for fire detection |
US20040145482A1 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-07-29 | Anderson Kaare Josef | Method of detecting a fire by IR image processing |
US6696958B2 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2004-02-24 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Method of detecting a fire by IR image processing |
US7456749B2 (en) | 2002-01-14 | 2008-11-25 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Apparatus for detecting a fire by IR image processing |
US20030179095A1 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-09-25 | Daniel Opitz | Method and apparatus for testing a fire detecting device |
US20030215141A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Zakrzewski Radoslaw Romuald | Video detection/verification system |
US7280696B2 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2007-10-09 | Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. | Video detection/verification system |
US6909495B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2005-06-21 | Diamond Power International, Inc. | Emissivity probe |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0673008B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
CZ285269B6 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
NO951004L (en) | 1995-09-18 |
FI951231A (en) | 1995-09-18 |
EP0673008A1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
PL307706A1 (en) | 1995-09-18 |
ATE187834T1 (en) | 2000-01-15 |
JP2892962B2 (en) | 1999-05-17 |
CZ67795A3 (en) | 1998-02-18 |
HUT71134A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
CH687653A5 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
JPH0822585A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
HU9500779D0 (en) | 1995-05-29 |
NO951004D0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
DE59507405D1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
CA2144579A1 (en) | 1995-09-18 |
FI951231A0 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
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