US6645211B2 - Orthopedic support system and method of installation - Google Patents
Orthopedic support system and method of installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6645211B2 US6645211B2 US09/778,179 US77817901A US6645211B2 US 6645211 B2 US6645211 B2 US 6645211B2 US 77817901 A US77817901 A US 77817901A US 6645211 B2 US6645211 B2 US 6645211B2
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- Prior art keywords
- cord
- forming
- loop
- bone structures
- passing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7059—Cortical plates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7022—Tethers, i.e. longitudinal elements capable of transmitting tension only, e.g. straps, sutures or cables
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/842—Flexible wires, bands or straps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
- A61B17/8085—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with pliable or malleable elements or having a mesh-like structure, e.g. small strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to devices for implantion into the body in order to connect bone structures and, more specifically, to synthetic ligaments for joining adjacent bone structures such as vertebral bodies in order to promote healing or fusion through relative compression of bone or implant structures.
- wires or cables are used to join or support body structures, such as bone structures or implant structures.
- Metal or synthetic wires and cables are joined at their ends using surgical knots or connecting devices such as crimping members.
- Various known cable tensioner devices may be employed to attain desired tensioning in loops formed by tied or crimped wires and cables, and to facilitate safe and efficient procedures.
- Another problem in fusion procedures is the invasion of the desired fusion space by fibrous ingrowths which block the fusion path.
- the present invention cable system and method of installation are directed to a synthetic anterior intervertebral ligament (“S.A.I.L.”).
- the S.A.I.L. system is utilized for joining adjacent vertebral bodies between which one or more intervertebral fusion implants have been inserted via an anterior approach.
- the system comprises a cable, preferably of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, that is tied or otherwise fastened between two intervertebral bodies having one or more fusion devices implanted therebetween.
- the cable is tied in such a manner as to span the gap between the intervertebral bodies in which the one or more fusion devices reside.
- the technique of tying the cable and the optional use of additional tensioner devices are employed to achieve desired tension. Because of the nature of the vertebral bodies' geometry on the anterior side, the present invention system and method contemplate forming one or more holes on each of the vertebral bodies to serve as loop holes through which the cable can pass to secure each vertebral body.
- a patch or tube of mesh or other type of fabric may be positioned and tensioned across the gap in order to add evenly distributed tension and to prevent the one or more fusion devices from migrating, particularly in a direction perpendicular to the vertebral column.
- the patch or tube also prevents inadvertent invasion of a fusion space by non-fusion bodies or structures, while enabling fusion growth therein.
- the patch or tube also provides means for holding bone graft material or bone morphogenic protein to facilitate and direct fusion growth. Selective positioning of bone graft material could be utilized to encourage the development of a sentinel sign fusion.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to utilization of a single strand of cable and/or a patch or tube that span a plurality of bone structures, such as vertebrae, in order to allow a controlled tension to be applied while allowing predetermined relative movement.
- a system can be implemented in, for example, the treatment of scoliosis.
- the patch or tube in that instance may be one or a plurality used in series.
- FIG. 1 is schematic view of a cord component of the present invention secured to two bone structures.
- FIGS. 2A-2B are schematic views of the cord component in FIG. 1 showing opened and closed loop positions.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a cord folded according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic view of a cord as that shown in FIG. 3A shown secured through adjacent bone structures.
- FIGS. 4A-4D are schematic views of a cord according to the present invention being positioned and secured with respect to adjacent bone structures.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic, isometric view of a flexible patch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic view of a flexible patch and cord according to the present invention being secured in tension between adjacent bone structures.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic, end view of the patch and cord shown in FIG. 5 C.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic view of a tube-shaped, flexible patch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic view of the tube-shaped patch of FIG. 6A and a cord secured to adjacent bone structures according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6C is a schematic, end view of the patch and cord shown in FIG. 6 B.
- FIGS. 7A-7C are schematic illustrations of a plurality of vertebrae secured to each other with a cord in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 7D is a schematic illustration of a plurality of vertebrae secured to each other with a cord and a plurality of flexible patches in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of adjacent vertebrae secured to each other with a flexible patch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is schematic view of a cord component of the present invention secured to and crossing over itself between two bone structures.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic illustration of a pair of vertebrae secured to each other with a cord in accordance with the present invention, whereby the cord is crossed over itself between the adjacent vertebrae.
- FIG. 10A is a schematic illustration of adjacent vertebrae secured to each other with a flexible patch according to the present invention, wherein the cord supporting the patch is crossed over itself between the vertebrae.
- FIG. 10B is a schematic illustration of a plurality of vertebrae secured to each other with a cord in accordance with the present invention, whereby the cord is crossed over itself between the adjacent vertebrae.
- FIG. 1 a schematic representation ( 10 ) of two vertebral bodies ( 12 , 14 ) in a spinal lumbar region is shown as viewed from the anterior side.
- the fusion device ( 16 ) may comprise one or more of any of various known fusion devices such as bone dowels or cylindrical cages such as the Ray TFCTM cage sold by Surgical Dynamics Inc. of Norwalk, Conn.
- the fusion device may, for example, be comprised of a pair of cylindrical cages positioned side by side between the vertebral bodies ( 12 , 14 ).
- a pair of holes ( 8 , 20 , 22 , 24 ) are provided on each vertebral body ( 12 , 14 ), respectively, to facilitate guiding and tensioning of a cable ( 26 ).
- the cable ( 26 ) preferably, is made from an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, such as the SecureStrandTM Cable System available from Surgical Dynamics Inc. of Norwalk Conn.
- the holes ( 18 - 24 ) are selectively located close to the edge of each respective vertebral body ( 12 , 14 ) that is closest to the gap ( 28 ) in which the fusion device ( 16 ) resides in order to facilitate effective tensioning.
- each vertebral body ( 12 , 14 ) are spaced far enough apart from each other by the distance (w) as illustrated in FIG. 1, to provide evenly distributed tension across the gap ( 18 ) and to stabilize each vertebral body ( 12 , 14 ) against inadvertent rotation or lateral movement.
- the cable ( 26 ) comprises a single, continuous cable which is folded over, as shown in FIG. 2A, and threaded through each hole ( 18 - 24 ) so that the free ends ( 30 , 32 ) emerge from a first hole ( 18 ) and the folded section emerges from a second hole ( 22 ) so that the emerging sections ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) can be tied or joined together as shown in FIG. 2 B. While the embodiment of FIGS.
- 2A-2B shows the free ends ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) being positioned between holes ( 18 , 22 ) on adjacent vertebral bodies, it is contemplated that the free ends ( 30 , 32 , 34 ) may be positioned at any location between any of the holes ( 18 - 24 ).
- FIGS. 2A-2B The preferred method of tying or joining the cable ends for the embodiment described in FIGS. 2A-2B is described now with reference to FIGS. 3A-3D.
- a disc space ( 200 ) is cleared between adjacent vertebral bodies ( 202 , 204 ) and a gap is maintained therebetween for insertion of a fusion device ( 206 ).
- a plurality of holes ( 208 - 214 ) are formed on each of the adjacent vertebral bodies ( 202 , 204 ), on the anterior face of each (as shown in the anterior view FIGS. 3 A- 3 B). The holes are formed using instruments and procedures known to those skilled in the art.
- a cable ( 208 ) is folded as shown in FIG. 3A so that a first end ( 214 ) having two free cable ends ( 216 , 218 ) and a second end ( 220 ) in the form of a folded cable section are formed.
- the cable ( 208 ) is threaded successively through holes ( 208 - 214 ) in a manner resulting in the configuration shown in FIG. 3B so that the cable ( 208 ) extends across the gap ( 200 ) in which the fusion device ( 206 ) resides.
- the cable ( 208 ) is tightened by drawing the first end ( 214 ) toward the second end ( 220 ) until the vertebral bodies ( 202 , 204 ) are positioned relative to each other as desired and a desired tension in the cable ( 208 ) is achieved.
- the first and second ends ( 214 , 220 ) are then tied or crimped.
- FIGS. 4A-4D A preferred method of tying the first and second ends ( 214 , 220 ) is described herein with respect to FIGS. 4A-4D. Beginning with the first and second ends ( 214 , 220 ) positioned as indicated in FIG. 3B, the second end ( 220 ) having a folded cable section is positioned into a configuration known as a rocking hitch ( 226 ) as shown in FIG. 4 A. Next, the first end ( 214 ) having two free cable ends is pulled through the loops formed by the rocking hitch ( 226 ) as shown in FIG. 4 B. After the first end ( 214 ) is pulled through the rocking hitch ( 226 ) to a desired tension, a half-hitch ( 228 ) is formed as shown in FIG.
- a square knot ( 230 ) is formed as shown in FIG. 4 D and advanced toward the half-hitch ( 228 ) until tightened.
- the loose ends ( 216 , 218 ) remaining after the square knot ( 230 ) is formed can be pulled away from each other for further tensioning of the square knot ( 230 ) in order to tighten the entire loop formed by the cable ( 208 ).
- One or more additional square knots may be formed successively with the loose ends ( 216 , 218 ) to secure the tensioned cable ( 208 ) against loosening.
- a patch ( 236 ) as shown in FIG. 5A made of fabric or a flexible material may be positioned across the anterior side of the gap ( 200 ) between adjacent vertebrae ( 201 , 203 ) in a manner in which it cooperates with the cable ( 208 ) to enhance the overall tension and strength of the cable assembly to stabilize the vertebral fusion site.
- the patch ( 236 ) may be provided with two folds ( 238 , 240 ) on opposite sides forming channels so that the cable ( 208 ) may be threaded therethrough as shown in FIG. 5 B.
- the size of the patch ( 236 ) is selected so that the cable ( 208 ) is subjected to additional tension due to deliberate tensioning and stretching of the patch ( 236 ).
- the cable ( 208 ) is shown biased into arcuate shapes at its sides in FIG. 5 B.
- the cable ( 208 ) may be threaded through perforations (not shown) formed in the patch of by other means such as a hook or eyelet.
- the patch ( 236 ) may be made from a biocompatible or dissolvable material, including surgical mesh as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5B. It is desirable that the material is flexible so that it can be tensioned between the cable ( 208 ) sections as shown in FIG. 5 B.
- the inner surface ( 240 ) of the patch ( 236 ) spanning the gap ( 200 ) may be used to hold bone graft material ( 241 ) as shown in FIG. 5C, or another desired substance, or to form a barrier.
- the inner surface ( 240 ) may be made from a specific material or treated in order to have desirable properties for a specific performance purpose, such as the slow release of a substance.
- the opposite surface ( 242 ) may also be treated and may differ from the inner surface ( 240 ).
- a patch ( 300 ) configured as a tube so that it may be threaded over a cable ( 302 ) tensioned, as described with respect to the embodiments above, between adjacent vertebrae ( 304 , 306 ).
- the sizing of the patch ( 300 ) is selected to impart tension in the patch ( 300 ) and the cable ( 302 ), causing the cable spans to deform into arcuate shapes on the sides of the patch ( 300 ) as shown in FIG. 6 B.
- the patch ( 300 ) and cable ( 302 ) span across a gap between the adjacent vertebrae ( 304 , 306 ) and across an intervertebral implant ( 308 ) such as a fusion device.
- the material of the patch ( 300 ) may be selected or treated in order to have various desirable characteristics and properties such as, for example, the ability to slowly release a substance in a controlled manner or to form a barrier.
- a substance ( 310 ) to be released may be placed inside the tubular patch ( 300 ) as shown in FIG. 6 C.
- the front ( 312 ) and back ( 314 ) surfaces may be designed with different characteristics and properties from each other to achieve desired performance.
- a plurality of vertebrae may be joined by a single strand of cable in a manner similar to that described above, as illustrated in FIG. 7 A.
- first, second, third and fourth vertebrae ( 400 - 406 ) are joined by a single cable ( 408 ) which is selectively tied or crimped at a suitable location ( 410 ) in a manner similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 4A-4D.
- the first ( 400 ) and last ( 406 ) vertebrae are each provided with two holes for receiving the cable ( 408 ), as shown by way of example with respect to the first vertebra ( 400 ) in FIG. 7B, having holes ( 412 , 414 ) adapted to receive the cable ( 408 ).
- the intermediate vertebrae ( 402 , 404 ) each have four holes for receiving and passing along the cable ( 408 ).
- the groups of four holes ( 416 , 418 ) for each of the intermediate vertebrae ( 402 , 404 ) are illustrated in FIG. 7 B.
- separate loops of a plurality of cables may be used in place of a single cable as described.
- a series of patches ( 420 , 422 , 424 ) of the type above-described may be implemented with the cable ( 408 ) between the adjacent vertebrae ( 400 - 406 ) in order to provide controlled tension therebetween.
- the patches may be provided with material properties or coatings to enable specific functions such as the slow release of a substance contained therein, or to provide a barrier.
- another embodiment of the present invention utilizes patches ( 500 ) of the type described above to span adjacent vertebrae ( 502 , 504 ) without the use of a cable of any kind. This is achieved by anchoring the patch ( 500 ) by known bone anchoring means in a manner so that a desired tension is achieved. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the patch ( 500 ) may be anchored at its four comers.
- the above-described embodiments may be implemented without the use of a fusion device.
- the present invention may be used with artificial disc or nucleus implants or no implants at all.
- the shape of the patch may be varied to achieve desired tension or ease or insertion.
- the location of the knot or crimp described above may be varied to occur between vertebral bodies or at a vertebral body, with the intention of locating it out of the way of any tissues or blood vessels that may be damaged by it while enabling convenient installation.
- the cord may be crossed over itself when spanning the disc space.
- a cable ( 500 ) passing through holes ( 501 ) is crossed over itself diagonally when spanning a disc space ( 502 ) between adjacent vertebrae ( 504 , 506 ) or a series of vertebrae ( 504 , 506 , 508 ).
- One or more fusion or other implant devices ( 510 , 512 ) may be placed in the disc space ( 502 ). As shown in FIGS.
- the cable ( 600 ) may be similarly crossed over itself when used in cooperation with a patch ( 620 ) or plurality of patches ( 622 , 624 ) of the type disclosed herein in order to span one or more disc spaces ( 602 , 603 ) between adjacent vertebrae ( 604 , 606 , 608 ).
- the methods and configurations of tying the cable into a loop may employ a variety of knot or crimping methods, as well as a variety of tensioning methods.
- the number of holes formed in bone structures to achieve the result of the present invention may be varied while maintaining sufficient and evenly distributed tension and support. Additional variations and modifications may be made.
- the preferred embodiment is described with respect to intervertebral fusion, it is not necessarily limited thereto and it is contemplated that the present invention may be used in other instances where orthopedic healing or fusion is required between adjacent or nearby bone structures.
Abstract
Description
Claims (55)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/778,179 US6645211B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Orthopedic support system and method of installation |
EP01985013A EP1357846B1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | Orthopedic support system |
DE60126342T DE60126342T2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | Orthopedic support system |
JP2002562252A JP3994056B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | Adjacent vertebral structure fixation system and adjacent vertebral body fixation system |
AT01985013T ATE352262T1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | ORTHOPEDIC SUPPORT SYSTEM |
CA002435822A CA2435822C (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | Orthopedic support system and method of installation |
PCT/US2001/047880 WO2002062243A2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-12-12 | Orthopedic support system and method of installation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/778,179 US6645211B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Orthopedic support system and method of installation |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020107524A1 US20020107524A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
US6645211B2 true US6645211B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/778,179 Expired - Lifetime US6645211B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Orthopedic support system and method of installation |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6645211B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1357846B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3994056B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE352262T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2435822C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60126342T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002062243A2 (en) |
Cited By (124)
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WO2002062243A3 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
DE60126342D1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
JP3994056B2 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
ATE352262T1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
EP1357846A2 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
EP1357846B1 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
CA2435822C (en) | 2007-04-24 |
DE60126342T2 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
WO2002062243A2 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
CA2435822A1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
JP2004536622A (en) | 2004-12-09 |
US20020107524A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
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