US7237898B1 - Customized corneal profiling - Google Patents
Customized corneal profiling Download PDFInfo
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- US7237898B1 US7237898B1 US10/110,922 US11092200A US7237898B1 US 7237898 B1 US7237898 B1 US 7237898B1 US 11092200 A US11092200 A US 11092200A US 7237898 B1 US7237898 B1 US 7237898B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/00804—Refractive treatments
- A61F9/00806—Correction of higher orders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/1015—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for wavefront analysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/117—Identification of persons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/18—Eye characteristics, e.g. of the iris
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
- A61F2009/00846—Eyetracking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
- A61F2009/00848—Feedback systems based on wavefront
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00872—Cornea
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
more than only the eye's front surface. Other types of systems that are useful include dual camera systems such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,159,361 and 4,995,716.
where s is the arc length measured along the ray and n(s) is the media refractive index. Ray coordinates (x, y) are defined by the ray intersection with the external reference plane.
Δφ≡φ(x,y)−φP(x,y) (2)
Invariant ray model: Now how must the cornea be ablated to reduce its OPD to zero? A crude estimate of the OPD reduction can be made assuming the ray path is
As z is directed positive into the eye, removing corneal material always requires a positive ablation depth, Δz.
Planar neighborhood model: The next best approximation of the ablated OPD assumes the corneal surface is planar in a small neighborhood surrounding the refracting ray, and that corneal surface orientation is unchanged by the ablation. In this case, the air paths of the pre-op ray R1 and the post-op ray R2 are parallel, but displaced as shown in
Δφ=φ(R 1)−φ(R 2)=n C s 1 +n A(s 3 −s 2)
Since OPD is directly proportional to the surface displacement Δz, define a set of eta-factors as follows:
where
To calculate the eta-factors, define the ray vectors S1 and S2, and the surface tangent vector T that connects them. In the following, {circumflex over (b)}1 and {circumflex over (b)}2 are the unit-length direction vectors of the rectilinear portions of the ray refracted at the posterior corneal point P and the anterior corneal point A, respectively.
S 1 =s 1 {circumflex over (b)} 1 , S 2 =s 2 {circumflex over (b)} 2 , S 2 =S 1 +T, t=|T|
The perpendicular displacement of the refracting surface δ is proportional to S1, S2, and Δz. In the following, notice that {circumflex over (n)} is the unit surface normal (positive in the z-direction) of the refracting surface, and that {circumflex over (z)}=(0, 0, 1) is the unit vector defining the z-direction of the coordinate frame.
δ=Δz({circumflex over (z)}·{circumflex over (n)})=−S 1*{circumflex over (n)}=−S 2*{circumflex over (n)}
These relations can be solved for the eta-factors η1 and η2:
To calculate the final eta-factor, define the S3 ray vector, and notice that S3−T lies in the reference plane M and is therefore perpendicular to the surface normal vector {circumflex over (m)} of the reference plane. (In the typical situation, the reference plane is oriented perpendicular to the z-axis and thus {circumflex over (m)}={circumflex over (z)}. Nevertheless, we solve for the general case.)
S 3 =s 3 {circumflex over (b)} 2, (S 3 −T)·{circumflex over (m)}=0
Solving for s3 we find
Finally substitution into the OPD formula gives
This solution differs from the previous one by the inclusion of the beta-factor, β, which is near one. This correction is very cost-effective as the beta-factor is a simple function of the ray vector directions, which were calculated during the initial raytrace. The next higher approximation, which would account for the local curvature of the corneal surface, would be more costly. Moreover, as the ablation displaces the refracted ray by a finite amount it becomes difficult in principle to calculate the exact result by analytical means.
- 1. Given the initial anterior surface zI(x, y) and all other surfaces (both measured and modeled), reverse raytrace from F to M and calculate the initial optical path length function of the eye, φI(x, y), using
equation 1. - 2. Construct the optical path length surface for the iteration goal, φG(x, y). This surface is centrally plano (i.e., φG is identical to φP centrally), but may curve peripherally into φI(x, y) to provide for a smooth transition zone. Alternately, the transition zone can be calculated later on the iteration-goal ablation surface zG(x, y).
- 3. Calculate the initial iterative OPD with respect to the iteration goal, which must be positive for a realizable ablation: ΔφI(x,y)=φI(x,y)−φG(x,y).
Iterative Steps - 1. Calculate the approximate ablation depth Δz using equation 3.
- 2. Mathematically fit the new anterior surface to z(x, y)+Δz(x, y).
- 3. Discontinue the iteration when Δz is small for all (x, y).
- 4. Recalculate the final portion of the reverse raytrace from P to M, and calculate the new optical path length φ(x, y) using
equation 1. - 5. Calculate the corrective OPD with respect to the iteration goal (notice that the corrective OPD may be positive or negative): Δφ(x,y)=φ(x,y)−φG(x,y).
Final Steps - 1. When necessary, make a smooth transition (with minimum variation of curvature) in the iteration-goal ablation surface zG(x,y). The result is the final ablation surface, zF(x,y).
- 2. Calculate the final ablation depth, which can never be negative: ΔzF(x,y)=zF(x,y)−ZI(x,y)
- 3. Recalculate the final portion of the reverse raytrace from P to M, and calculate the final optical path length φF(x,y) using
equation 1. - 4. Calculate the final uncorrected OPD with respect to the perfect piano wavefront: ΔφF(x,y)=φF(x,y)−φP(x,y).
This approach is illustrative, and other techniques could be used.
Claims (35)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19950790A DE19950790A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Eye refractive profile developing method for ophthalmic refractive surgery, involves developing refractive course of treatment of eye from determined corneal topography and wavefront aberration |
DE2000114480 DE10014480A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | Eye refractive profile developing method for ophthalmic refractive surgery, involves developing refractive course of treatment of eye from determined corneal topography and wavefront aberration |
PCT/EP2000/010375 WO2001028410A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-20 | Customized corneal profiling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US7237898B1 true US7237898B1 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/110,922 Expired - Lifetime US7237898B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-20 | Customized corneal profiling |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7237898B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1221890B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003511183A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100797857B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN101023860B (en) |
AU (1) | AU778490B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0015065B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2385909C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60042339D1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2390397T3 (en) |
HK (2) | HK1050620A1 (en) |
SG (1) | SG130030A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001028410A1 (en) |
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KR20020059635A (en) | 2002-07-13 |
HK1110759A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 |
CN101023860A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
CN1309340C (en) | 2007-04-11 |
JP2003511183A (en) | 2003-03-25 |
CA2385909A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
SG130030A1 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
AU778490B2 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP2092876B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
HK1050620A1 (en) | 2003-07-04 |
AU1026401A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
CN101023860B (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CA2385909C (en) | 2010-05-04 |
BR0015065B1 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
BR0015065A (en) | 2002-07-16 |
ES2390397T3 (en) | 2012-11-12 |
KR100797857B1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
CN1382027A (en) | 2002-11-27 |
ES2326788T3 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
EP2092876A1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
EP1221890B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
DE60042339D1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
EP1221890A1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
WO2001028410A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
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