US792299A - Syringe. - Google Patents

Description

No. 792,299. PATENTED JUNE 13, 1905.

S. M. WEAVER. f

SYRINGB.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 27. 1904.

MTN/S5555 f/YVEHTOR i @www if@ Mumfl WMOMU Wm Patented June 13, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL M. IVEAVER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

SYRINGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 792,299, dated June 13, 1905.

Application iiled August 27, 1904. Serial No. 222,414.

To @ZZ r11/1,0711, 'it mfr/y concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. WEAVER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Syringes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing had to the accom panying d rawings.

Broadly speaking', this invention relates to syringes of a type wherein a plunger is utilized in connection with a cooperating cylinder, whereby the liquid previously drawn into the cylinder is forced out by the plunger. More specifically, however, the invention relates to syringes for use in dentistry, whereby cocaine or other anesthetic is forced Linder pressure into the pores of the tooth itself, thus deadening the nerves and obviating all pain to the patient. In instruments of this -type it is necessary that the plunger should be capable of being drawn out in order to fill the c vlinder with the anesthetic, and after it is so lilled and the point placed in the cavity in the tooth the plunger may be forced up to till the cavity or other-parts of the tooth to be operated upon, and, finally, after the liquid has been cushioned by the following up of the plunger to till the parts in the manner described that additional force may be applied to the plunger to further force and compress the liquid and till all of the pores of the tooth, so that the nerves about the cavity or the part to be operated upon may be temporarily deadened, and thus do away with any pain to the patient.

The invention may be further briefly summarized as consisting in the construction and combination of parts hereinafter described, reference being' had to the accompanying specification, drawings, and claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing the general arrangement of the instrument, together with its internal operating mechanism. Fig'. 2 is a section upon line 2 2 of Fig. l looking' toward the right. Fig. 3 is a section upon line 3 3 of Fig. l looking' toward the left, and

Eig. L is a side elevation showing' the connection of the iinger operating-lever with the device, and Eig. 5 is adetailed view of the point.

Any preferred form of syringe may be provided with my improved form of high-compression mechanism; but I prefer to utilize the construction set forth in the drawings, wherein- A represents a cylinder provided at one end with a threaded portion adapted to receive the point and at its opposite end with screw-threads a', adapted to receive the end of the sleeve B, which in turn is provided with internal threads 7) at its opposite end for receiving' the threaded portion of a glandring having a tapering inner end, as shown at 52. The inner end of the cylinder A is tapered also, as at a2, to correspond with the taper b2, whereby packing b3 is firmly seated within the sleeve B for making a seal between the plunger and the sleeve to prevent the leakage of the anesthetic or other liquid through the back end of the cylinder. The gland-ring is provided with radial notches for a purpose which will be described. Within the packing and within the gland-ring Z2' slides a plunger C, which tits snugly within these parts, so as to prevent an unnecessary amount of leakage between it and the cylinder. Outside of the gland-ring the plunger is provided with a pin c, extending through the plunger and adapted when the plunger is pushed in to its extreme position to have its ends engage in the radial notches 6*, whereby the plunger may be rotated and the gland-ring unscrewed from the sleeve B for the purpose of renewing the packing or adjusting any of the parts. The plunger C is further provided upon its outer end with a socket 0, provided with a knurled periphery c2 for the purpose of rotating the plunger. In this socket is a rubber handpiece c, made to fit within the hollow of the hand and to prevent injury to it.

So far the description has been confined to the construction of the syringe proper, and these parts are more or less of general construction and operation; but the description will now be conlined to those parts which substantially belong to my invention and which constitute what may be termed the highpressure mechanism.

Secured to the cylinder A by means of a collar (Z engaging the threads a upon the cylinder and between it and the end of the sleeve B is a finger guard member D. This member is rigidly held in place by the collar Z and is provided withlongitudinal arc-shaped grooves d', as shown in Fig. 1 and in dotted lines in Fig. 2, for guiding the racks to be described. Extending laterally from this member D are the finger-guards (Z2, of suitable shape to conform to the backs of the lingers and are arranged with respect to the barrel so that they, together with the handpicce c, will furnish suitable means for manipulating the syringe in the patients mouth. The guard member D is further provided with trunnions or pins d, to which is pivoted the linger operatinglever E. This lever is provided with lingerpieces e of suitable size and conlie'uration to conform to the inner side of the lingers and is arranged'in close proximity to the guard linger-pieces d2, so that after manipulating' the syringe within the mouth of the patient and.

in position for operation upon the tooth the operators lingers which have adjusted the instrument may be moved back and forth against the lever in a manner to be described, and the additional high pressure will be exerted upon the liquid. This lever is provided with a central opening for the passage of all the parts associated with the cylinder and the sleeve B, and in its recess is pivoted a pair of pawls c', adapted for engagement with a pair of racks f, having a headf', provided with an openingthrough which passes the plunger C. The head may be slid so as to engage the pin c, passing through the plunger, whereby upon the shifting of the lever E these pawls will take into the teeth of their respective racks and will step by step move the plunger forward and compress the liquid anesthetic through the point of the syringe. The springs einormally press these pawls into engagement with their racks. The racks f are substantially of the form shown in cross-section in Fig. 3, with the teeth milled across their outer arcshaped periphery and with their inner surfaces taking snugly against the sleeve B and their outer periphery against the guard member D and within the arc-shaped recesses therein. The crescent shape of these racks provides a suitable means whereby they are guided between the sleeve B and the guard member, so that there is no straining on their connecting-head j". Suitable means is provided for moving these pawls out of engagement with their respective racks. This mechanism consists of a bearing-ring G, secured to the shoulders c upon the lever E and has an annular recess (y therein for receiving an annular llange 7l. of a cam-ring H. This eamring has a knurled periphery /z/ and is provided with cam-surfaces it, which are arranged to take against the tails e" of the pawls and move their points out of engagement with the teeth of their respective racks. The cam-ring H is further provided with slots L, through which pins 71,Al pass for securing it to the bearing- 1ing.

Upon the forward end of the cylinder A and upon the threaded shank L is secured the point J, having a threaded socketly', adapted to screw upon the Shanks a. This point is provided with a long steel central tube y", having an outer casing or coating/2, of soft solder, tin, or other suitable sealing material, whereby upon the insertion of the point into a cavity this solder or sealing material will permit the tooth portions to embed themselves therein, and thus prevent the leakage of the liquid anesthetic at that point. A jacket j may be provided around the casing or coating of soft solder, tin, or other suitable material to hold it in shape and prevent backing up when the instrument is inserted into the cavity.

A complete description will now be given of the operation of the instrument. The operator places the point into the cavity and presses against the linger-guards fl with the backs of his lingers until the soft coating' upon the point has seated itself lirml y in the cavity and there is no opportunity for leakage at that point. Then the palm of the hand is brought to bear against the hand portion c and the liquid anesthetic which has been drawn into the cylinder previous to placing the instrument into the patients mouth is forced into the cavity by the plunger moving' into the cylinder. The head f, with the racksf, is then moved up until it engages the ends of the pin c passing through the plunger, this moving' up of the head being accomplished either by pushing upon it with the lingers or by moving the two lingers which have been in engagement with the guardpieces (Z2 back against the oi'ieral'ing-lever, operating it with the lingers and through the Y )awls e' e shiftinea and through the racks until such engagement is brought about. After the head f is brought into engagement with the pin then the compressing operation takes place--that is, the lingers in engagement with the linger-pieces c are drawn back or doubled up alternately, thus shifting the lever E upon its pivot and bringing the pawls into engagement with their racks, one holding while the other moves back to take a fresh hold upon the teeth, and thus drawing upon the plunger and compressing' the liquid into the cavity. It will be seen from the arrangement of lever E and the pawls, together with their racks, that any amount of compression may be had in the cylinder within the capacity of the instrument, and after such compression is attained the operating-lever may be left in IOO IIO

a state of rest and the compression held for any length of time without any strain upon the lingers or hand, with the exception of the holding of the palm against the handpiece c to hold the instrument in place, and this need only be suilicient to prevent leakage between the point and the tooth. To release the plunger, the cam-ring /t' is rotated so as to bring' the Cain-surfaces it? into engagement with the tails eof the pawls, whereby their forward ends or parts are drawn out of engagement with their respective racks, thus permitting the racks to slide back through the reaction of the compression upon the plunger.

Having described my invention, I claim-- l. In a syringe, in combination, a relatively movable cylinder and plunger, and ratchetand-pawl mechanism independent of but adapted to cooperate with said plunger to operate against the liquid and compress it in the cylinder.

2. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder and plunger carried thereby, a member telescoping onto said cylinder and having' a part adapted to engage a part of said plunger, and means for giving said member a step-by-step movement whereby it will move the plunger and compress the liquid in the cylinder.

3. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder and cooperating plunger, a projection carried by said plunger, a member adapted to slide on said cylinder and having a head for eng'aging' said projection on said plunger, a lingerlever for moving said sliding member to bring said head into engagement with said projection and move said plunger.

4. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder and eoperating plunger, a projection carried by said plunger, a member adapted to slide on said cylinder and have a part engage said projection, racks provided upon said member, and lever-and-pawl mechanism for engaging said racks to move said member.

5. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a plunger' therefor, a projection carried by said plunger', a member slidable upon said cylinder and having a portion thereof for engaging said projection, a finger-lever pivoted to the cylinder racks carried by said slidable member, and pawls carried by said lever for engaging' said racks to set up said plunger and compress the iiuid in the cylinder.

6. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a plunger, a rack slidable upon said cylinder and having a portion adapted for engagement with said plunger, and an operating-lever suitably pivoted and provided with a pawl for engaging said rack.

7. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder', a plunger, a projection carried by said plunger, a pair of racks, slidably mounted upon said cylinder, a head connecting said racks and adapted to engage said projection on the plunger, a finger-lever having portions eX- drawing said pawls from their engagement with said racks.

9. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a plunger, a projection carried by said plunger, a pair of racks slidably mounted upon said cylinder, a head connecting said' racks and adapted to engage said projection on the plunger, a linger-lever pivoted to said cylinder and having linger portions extending from either side of said cylinder, pawls carried by said lever for engaging said racks, and a camring for engaging said pawls to disengage them from the racks.

10. 'In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a finger-guard rigid therewith, a pair of racks slidably mounted in said linger-guard and upon the outside of said cylinder a head connecting said racks, a projection upon the plunger adapted to be engaged by said head, a iinger-lever pivoted to said linger-guard, and pawls pivoted in said linger-lever for engagement with said pawls.

l1. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a sleeve rigid with said cylinder, a glandring carried by said sleeve, a plunger extending through said gland-ring', into said cylinder, a pair of racks slidable upon said sleeve, a head connecting said racks and surrounding said plunger, a pin passing through said plunger for engagement with said head, a finger guard member having' suitable recesses for receiving said racks, and a linger-lever pivoted to said guard member and carrying a pair of pawls for engagement with said racks.

l2. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a plunger, therefor, racks for moving said plunger into said cylinder, a linger-lever pivoted to said cylinder, pawls carried by said lever for engagement with said racks, and a cam-ring rotatably mounted upon said lingerlever for engaging said pawls and moving them out of eng'agment with said racks.

13. In a syringe, in combination, a cylinder, a plunger therefor, racks for moving said plunger into said cylinder, a linger-lever pivoted to said cylinder, pawls carried by said cylinder for engagement with said racks, and bearing-ring rigidly mounted upon said lever and a cam-ring rotatably mounted in said bearing-ring for engaging said pawls and moving them out of engagement with their racks.

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14. A point AFor a syringe having` a central tubular portion and a casing` therefor of soft metal.

15. ln a device for coinpressing` a liquid into a tooth. the combination with compressing means, et' a point having` a tubular center with a coatimrgI of soft metal for forming a seal between said tubular portion and the tooth.

16. In a syringe, in combination with acylinder and plunger, means Jfor moving' the plunger directly against the liquid to compress it in the cylinder. and means for automatically holding said plunger in such position.

17. In a syringe, in combination with a cylinder and plungeigmeans for movingsaid plunger step by step to compress the liquid in the cylinder, and means 'for automatically holding said plunger in such position after each movement thereof.

18. A point for a syringe having' a central tubular portion, a easing' therefor ot' soft material, and a jacket for said casing'.

19. In adevice Jfor compressinga liquid into a tooth, in combination with compressing` means, of a point having a tubular center with a coating' of soft material for forming' a seal between said tubular portion and the tooth, and a jacket for said coating.

In testimony whereof 1 hereunto aliix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

SAMUEL M. 1V EAVER.

Vitnesses:

C. F. SMIEDEL, B. 1V. BuoeiinTT.

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