US8650352B2 - Systems and methods for determining logical values of coupled flash memory cells - Google Patents
Systems and methods for determining logical values of coupled flash memory cells Download PDFInfo
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- US8650352B2 US8650352B2 US12/666,520 US66652008A US8650352B2 US 8650352 B2 US8650352 B2 US 8650352B2 US 66652008 A US66652008 A US 66652008A US 8650352 B2 US8650352 B2 US 8650352B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/56—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using storage elements with more than two stable states represented by steps, e.g. of voltage, current, phase, frequency
- G11C11/5621—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using storage elements with more than two stable states represented by steps, e.g. of voltage, current, phase, frequency using charge storage in a floating gate
- G11C11/5642—Sensing or reading circuits; Data output circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to digital stores characterized by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C2211/56—Indexing scheme relating to G11C11/56 and sub-groups for features not covered by these groups
- G11C2211/563—Multilevel memory reading aspects
- G11C2211/5634—Reference cells
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Abstract
Description
Note that {circumflex over (L)}1 denotes an estimate of the charge level right after the programming of the cell while L1 is the actual charge level right after the programming of the cell. The idea is that this estimate approximates the case where there is no coupling. A simple threshold decision is used to determine the programmed level. The coefficients αj are chosen such as to minimize the standard variation of (L1−{circumflex over (L)}1) (also termed aggregated standard variation). That is, chosen such as to minimize E[(L1−{circumflex over (L)}1)2] (i.e. the expected squared difference between the actual programmed voltage and the predicted programmed voltage) where the expectation is computed according to the joint conditional probability densities functions of L1, VT1 and VT2 . . . VTk (as measured on a sample of devices in a lab).
ƒ 1(V T t→t+1 |i 1 =t, i 2 , . . . , i k)=ƒ 1(V T t→t+1 |i 1 =t+1, i 2 , . . . , i k)
where i2=10, 00, 01, 11 is the programmed level of the coupled cell,
for i1=10, 00, and 01 and for the erase state which is coupled:
and
(the second distribution is not dependent on i2 since it does not suffer from coupling). i.e. the third threshold level is chosen such that
depending on the decided program level i2, in the first iteration. Thus, if in the previous iteration the coupled cell was detected as “10” then VT 01→11=1.69, for “00” VT 01→11=1.61, for “01” VT 01→11=1.54 and for “11” VT 01→11=1.46. The new program level is then determined according to the new threshold levels.
ƒ1(V T t→t+1 |i 1 =t, V T2 εR 2 , . . . , V Tk εR k)=ƒ1(V T t→t+1 |i 1 =t+1, V T2 εR 2 , . . . , V Tk εR k)
P(i1|VT1εR1, i2 . . . k).
P(i1, . . . , ik|VT1εR1 new(j), . . . , VTkεRk new(j))
is used in order to compute the above entropy function.
where VT is the cell's threshold voltage, VS is either V0 or V1 depending on whether a ‘0’ or a ‘1’ was programmed to that cell and is the center of the distribution. On the other hand, if the coupled cell is programmed to a logical ‘0’, the distributions are shifted to the right and are given by
Without knowledge of the coupled cell programmed level, all ‘hard’ results yield the exact same reliability.
Claims (41)
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US12/666,520 US8650352B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-17 | Systems and methods for determining logical values of coupled flash memory cells |
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US96020707P | 2007-09-20 | 2007-09-20 | |
US7146708P | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | |
US12/666,520 US8650352B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-17 | Systems and methods for determining logical values of coupled flash memory cells |
PCT/IL2008/001234 WO2009037697A2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2008-09-17 | Improved systems and methods for determining logical values of coupled flash memory cells |
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