US891901A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 30, 1908 M. BLIEDEN & J. H. DAVIES. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 4, 1905.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I MAX BLIEDEN AND JOHN HUBERT DAVIES, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

INTERNAL-GOLIBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 30, 1908.

Application filed. August 4, 1906. 8eria1.No.-272,786.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, MAX BLIEDEN,

American citizen, of Rosettenville, Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony, South Africa, and 586 Salisbury House, London Wall, London, England, and JOHN HUBERT DAVIES, British .subiect, of 586 Salisbury House, London v This invention relates to internal com.-

bustion turbines, and consists in an improvement whereby the efiective range of the temperature changes of the working fluid is increased, which renders it practicable to efficiently extractthe available mechanical energy of the working fluid' by a comparatively small number of vane rings rotating with moderate peripheral s eeds.

The series of operations w 'ch the working fluid is made topass through, 111 successlon, according to our invention may be briefly stated to be as follows:''A. Raising the bines are at ressure of the atmospheric air and the fuel li'om the-pressure of the atmos hereto the ressure of the combustion c amber. B. ombustion of-the fuel preferably at constant pressure. 0. Reduction of the workiirig fluid (i. e. the products of combustion d' u ted with the excess of atmospheric air) in suitably formed nozzles to a pressure below that of the atmosphere, the pressure energy' of the working'fluid being converted into kinetic energy. D. Abstraction of a certain portion of the kinetic energy of the working fluid by the rotating vane-rings of the turbine. E. Preferably cooling the working fluid and thereby increasing its density by the injection of water. F. Conversion of the remaining kinetic energy of the ume) the pressure of the working fluid rising during the combustion. Weconsider that the mode of combustion at approximately constant pressure is more suitablein connection with a turbine than the explosive mode of combustion, and we therefore preferabl adopt the former, though our invention is also applicable to the other mode of combustion.

An essential and now well-understood feature of all internal combustion turbines is a considerable reduction of the pressure of the working fluid through adiabatic expansion in suitably shaped nozzles whereby its'temperature is reduced and its pressure ener 1s converted into kinetic energy before t 6 working fluid is allowed to impinge upon the revolving vanes of the turbine.

Let t, be the temperature of the working fluid on the completion of the combustion, and p, the pressure in the combustion chamber, and lett and p, be the tem erature and pressure respectively of' the wor ring fluid at the point where it first comes in contact with the turbine vanes; then the following equation holds good:

1 Pi) 2 P2 the value of n being approximately 0.26 or 0.27 for adiabatic expansion, allowance being made for moderate friction.

t is obvious that t mustnot exceed the temperature which the turbine vanes can stand without injury. Friction of the working fluid in'the turbine will tend to raise its temperature above the value of t. hence either t, will have to be less than the temperature which the turbine vanes can stand, so as to make allowance for the subsequent rise of temperature in consequence of friction, or else the working fluid must be allowed to ex and below 1), in the turbine so that the coo ing efl'ect of this ex ansion neutralizes the heating effect of friction. Whichever method be adopted, it is obvious that,

with a given ratio Pl the temperature t less the ratio 2 be made very large, the thermodyn iuic' adi anta es of the process of internal combustion, w rich depend rincipally upon the'magnitude of t,, wlll be 0st.

There are several objections to the use of a where it ignites and burns in the combustion [purposes a portion only of the said kinetic chamber thus raising the temperature of the working fluid. The Working fluid at a high pressure and high temperature then enters the passage 01 and passes through the expfLIlSlOILIlOZZlG e where it expands to below atmospheric pressure and gains kinetic energy and is reduced in temperature before reaching the vanes of the first turbine wheel f.. This nozzle e is so roportioned in a well After giving up understood manner t at the expansion is carried below atmospheric pressure this being a special feature of this invention.

ortion of its kinetic energy to the wheel f, the working fluid passes through the guiding assages g to the second turbine wheel h which lakes u a further portion of its kinetic energy. hurther guiding passages and turbine wheels may be added as reqlpired, but the working fluid afterleaving t e last turbine wheel,

which in the diagram is marked it, has suflicient kinetic energy left to compress itself in the com ressi'on tube j to atmospheric pressure. iiie may add the water spra for provic e to ed, water being supplied to both at m and a sufficient length 0 assage n to allow of the cooling of the wor (in fluid by the water spray before com ression to atmospheric pressure.

- As herein efore mentioned we may omit the 7 means of kinetic energy eft to the working water cooling and the special compression tube, and in that case we may construct the' passages between the vanes of the last turbine wheel of such a sha e as to allow of the cornpression of the wor (in'g fluid to atmos hcric pressure in these passa es themselves by fluid for this purpose. The nozzles e andj may be made of sea stone. A casing p is provided to inclose t 10 turbine parts.

Having now described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters l Patent is 1. In an internal combustion turbine in combination means for forcing air and gas mechanical means for abstracting for useful energy, and finally means for raising the pressure of the working fluid to atmospheric pressure by its residual kinetic energy.

2. In an internal combustion turbine in combination means for forcing air and gas into the place of combustion where the mixture is burned uiulerconstant pressure to raise 1 the temperature therein, means for reducing the pressure of the working fluid so formed to a pressure appreciably below that of the at- 'mosphere so as to give kinetic energy to the working fluid; mechanical means for abstracting for useful purposes a portion only of the said kinetic energy, means for cooling the working fluid and thereby increasing its density, and finally means for raising the pressure of the working fluid to atmospheric pressure by its residual kinetic energy.

3. In an internal combustion turbine in combination, means for generating a working fluid by internal combustion, means for reducing this' working fluid to a p rssure below that of the atmosphere, mechanical means for partially using its kinetic energy for useful effects and finally means for raising the pressure of the working fluid to atmospheric pressure by it's residual kinetic energy.

4. In an internal combustion turbine in combination, means for generating a working fluid by internal combustion, means for reducing this working fluid to a pressure below that of the atmosphere, mechanical means for partially utilizing its kinetic energy for useful effects, a water spray passing through a cooling jacket for cooling the working fluid so as to increase its density, and finally a compression tube for raising the pressure of the working fluid to atmospheric pressure by its residual kinetic energy.

in testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAX BLIEDEW. JOHN. llUBlClt'l DAVllCS.

- Witnesses to the signatureol Max Bliedon W. M. (lnnvicn, J As. If. Dornunon. itnesses to the signature of John llubort Davies: i

(lnAnLn's CARTER, .Rrcnanu A. llormmuu/

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