US9161724B2 - Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound - Google Patents
Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound Download PDFInfo
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- US9161724B2 US9161724B2 US13/553,861 US201213553861A US9161724B2 US 9161724 B2 US9161724 B2 US 9161724B2 US 201213553861 A US201213553861 A US 201213553861A US 9161724 B2 US9161724 B2 US 9161724B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7285—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis for synchronising or triggering a physiological measurement or image acquisition with a physiological event or waveform, e.g. an ECG signal
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- A61B5/0452—
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/346—Analysis of electrocardiograms
- A61B5/349—Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7285—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis for synchronising or triggering a physiological measurement or image acquisition with a physiological event or waveform, e.g. an ECG signal
- A61B5/7289—Retrospective gating, i.e. associating measured signals or images with a physiological event after the actual measurement or image acquisition, e.g. by simultaneously recording an additional physiological signal during the measurement or image acquisition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/483—Diagnostic techniques involving scattered radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5288—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving retrospective matching to a physiological signal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/541—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
- A61B6/037—Emission tomography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/567—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution gated by physiological signals, i.e. synchronization of acquired MR data with periodical motion of an object of interest, e.g. monitoring or triggering system for cardiac or respiratory gating
- G01R33/5673—Gating or triggering based on a physiological signal other than an MR signal, e.g. ECG gating or motion monitoring using optical systems for monitoring the motion of a fiducial marker
Definitions
- the following generally relates to gated imaging and more particularly to gating imaging based on cardiac acoustics corresponding to multiple known phases of the cardiac cycle and post-processing imaging data based on the cardiac acoustics, and is described with particular application to computed tomography (CT).
- CT computed tomography
- the following is also amenable to other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), ultrasound (US), and/or other imaging modality.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- PET positron emission tomography
- SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
- US ultrasound
- Cardiac CT is CT scanning of the heart and has been used to assess the extent of occlusion in the coronary arteries, for example, to diagnose coronary artery disease.
- a contrast agent is administered to a patient and then their heart is scanned to assess the blood flow to their heart muscle. Dose can be reduced by prospectively gating the CT scan with an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal of the patient.
- ECG electrocardiogram
- the ECG signal is dynamically analyzed and when the R peak of the QRS complex is detected, the CT scanner is activated to acquire data for a predetermined sub-percentage of the R-R interval to image a particular phase of the cardiac cycle (e.g., a “quiet” phase, or a phase with relatively less motion).
- VCG vector electrocardiogram
- ACT Acoustic Cardiac Triggering
- PCG phonocardiogram
- the PCG is a recording of the sounds of the heart, including a distinctive sound when the atrioventricular valves close at the beginning of systole.
- the PCG can be obtained using a MR stethoscope based on a pressure transducer or using an opto-acoustic microphone.
- Triggers are generated by detecting the first heart sound, which is caused by the closing of the A-V valves and coincides with end diastole.
- cardiac imaging is performed with respect to an end diastolic trigger only.
- the other phases of the cardiac cycle are defined by a delay (e.g., as a percent of the R-R interval, in time, etc.) with respect to that trigger.
- a delay e.g., as a percent of the R-R interval, in time, etc.
- the time of end systole is unknown at the time of imaging. Consequently, the time of end systole needs to be determined during post-processing, which is necessary for post-processing calculations such as the quantification of functional parameters that depend on the end systolic volume, or wall thickness, e.g. cardiac output (CO), ejection fraction (EJ), wall thickening, etc.
- CO cardiac output
- EJ ejection fraction
- a method image includes determining an end systolic imaging trigger, acquiring cardiac imaging data including first imaging data corresponding to a first predetermined data acquisition interval surrounding end systole, and post-processing the cardiac imaging data based at least on the end systolic imaging trigger.
- a system in another aspect, includes a cardiac sound detector that detects cardiac sounds for cardiac cycles during an imaging examination procedure, including a first sound corresponding to end diastole and a second sound corresponding to end systole.
- the system further includes a filter bank that includes filters for distinguishing between different cardiac sounds, including the first and second sounds.
- the system further includes a trigger generator that generates triggers that gate imaging procedures, including at least an end diastole trigger and an end systole trigger.
- the system further includes a post-processing system that processes imaging data from an imaging system based on the at least the end diastole trigger and the end systole trigger.
- a computer readable storage medium is encoded with computer readable instructions.
- the computer readable instructions when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: determine an end systolic imaging trigger and an end diastolic imaging trigger based on detected cardiac sounds during an imaging procedure, and post-process image data based on the end systolic imaging trigger and the end diastolic imaging trigger.
- the post-processing includes at least one of: 1) automatically visually presenting image data corresponding to at least one of the end systolic imaging trigger and the end diastolic imaging trigger; 2) generating at least one cardiac parameter based on the image data and the at least one of the end systolic imaging trigger and the end diastolic imaging trigger; 3) generating and displaying an image data based movie based on the image data and the at least one of the end systolic imaging trigger and the end diastolic imaging trigger; or 4) simulating image data between the image data corresponding to the end systolic imaging trigger and the image data corresponding to the end diastolic imaging trigger based on the image data and boundary conditions determined based on the end systolic imaging trigger and the end diastolic imaging trigger.
- the invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various steps and arrangements of steps.
- the drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example imaging system configured for cardiac scanning and components for identifying end diastole and end systole and/or triggering scanning and/or processing acquired data based thereon.
- FIG. 2 shows the Wiggers diagram of physiological signals throughout a cardiac cycle.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example method for prospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to acquire data at end diastole and end systole
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example method for retrospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to extract image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole from a set of volumetric image data.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example method for retrospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to extract image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole from a set of volumetric image data.
- the imaging system 100 can include a CT scanner, an MR scanner, a PET scanner, a SPECT scanner, a US scanner, a combined hybrid scanner (e.g., CT/MR scanner), and/or other scanner configured for cardiac imaging.
- CT scanner an MR scanner
- PET scanner a PET scanner
- SPECT scanner a SPECT scanner
- US scanner a combined hybrid scanner
- CT/MR scanner a combined hybrid scanner
- the imaging system 100 includes a generally stationary gantry 102 and a rotating gantry 104 , which is rotatably supported by the stationary gantry 102 and rotates around an examination region 106 about a z-axis.
- a subject support 108 such as a couch, supports an object or subject in the examination region 106 .
- a radiation source 110 such as an x-ray tube, is rotatably supported by the rotating gantry 104 , rotates with the rotating gantry 104 , and emits radiation that traverses the examination region 106 .
- a radiation sensitive detector array 112 subtends an angular arc opposite the radiation source 110 across the examination region 106 .
- the radiation sensitive detector array 112 detects radiation traversing the examination region 106 and generates a signal indicative thereof.
- a general-purpose computing system or computer serves as an operator console 116 .
- the console 116 includes a human readable output device such as a monitor and an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.
- Software resident on the console 116 allows the operator to interact with and/or operate the scanner 100 via a graphical user interface (GUI) or otherwise. Such interaction may include selecting a scan protocol such as a cardiac sound gate imaging protocol, initiating scanning, etc.
- GUI graphical user interface
- the console 116 can visually present imaging data based on user input and/or automatically based on triggers, as discussed in greater detail below.
- Such presentation may include a volume of imaging data or individual images corresponding at least to end systole and/or end diastole, and/or a series of images corresponding at least to end systole and/or end diastole scrolled or looped through in movie-like (or cine) display.
- the imaging system 100 is configured for cardiac scanning.
- the imaging system 100 also includes a cardiac sound detector 118 .
- cardiac sound detector 118 include, but are not limited to, a phonocardiograph and/or a stethoscope, both of which can detect sounds of the heart such as sounds associated with the mitral valves closing at the end of diastole (beginning of systole) and the aortic valve closing at the end of systole (beginning of diastole).
- the cardiac sound detector 118 may additionally or alternatively include other devices that sense cardiac sounds.
- a filter bank 120 includes N filters, a filter 122 , a filter 124 , . . . , and a filter 126 (collectively referred to herein as filters 128 ), where N is an integer greater or equal than two.
- Each of the filters 128 is configured to pass a signal corresponding to a specific cardiac sound and filter out other signals corresponding to other cardiac sounds. Examples of such sounds include, but are not limited to, a closing of the mitral valves, a closing of the aortic valves, murmurs, and/or other cardiac sounds. Such sounds have unique characteristics (e.g., amplitudes, times between sounds, etc.), which are utilized by the filters 128 to differentiate between the sounds.
- the filters for the signals 202 and 206 may include amplitude thresholds.
- a D-S time 214 between end diastole and end systole is shorter than an S-D time 216 between end systole and end diastole.
- the filters for the signals 202 and 206 may include time thresholds.
- a trigger generator 130 receives the signal output by the filter bank 120 and generates and transmits a control signal to the console 116 in response thereto based on one or more rules 132 .
- the trigger generator 130 generates and transmits a data acquisition trigger signal to the console 116 .
- the console 116 acquires data for the predetermined time interval.
- Detected signals not corresponding to a cardiac sound of interest are filtered out and not used to invoked data acquisition triggers.
- the trigger generator 130 In instances in which data is to be acquired at end systole and at end diastole, respectively for time intervals less than the D-S time 214 ( FIG. 2 ) and the S-D time 216 ( FIG. 2 ), the trigger generator 130 generates and transmits corresponding triggers signals to the console 116 upon receiving signals from the filter bank 120 corresponding thereto.
- An example of a suitable time interval is a time interval in a range of twenty (20) to forty (40) ms. However, other time interval, including shorter and larger time intervals, are contemplated herein.
- data acquisition time intervals can be optimized around cardiac phases corresponding thereto, where these cardiac phases are of interest, which may reduce patient dose and improve cardiac systole based parameter determination relative to a configuration in which only the signal corresponding to end diastole is detected and the data acquisition time interval is approximated to be long enough to capture these phases and end systole is determined via post processing of the acquired data.
- less data is acquired (optimized about end diastole and end systole), reducing storage demands and/or network load.
- the signals 202 and 206 and/or other signals can be used to trigger data acquisition and determine time intervals for other cardiac phases.
- the triggers are stored for subsequent processing (as discussed below) and the entire cardiac cycle is scanned.
- a reconstructor 134 reconstructs the detector array 112 output signal, generating volumetric image data. In one instance, this includes reconstructing image data corresponding to only a sub-portion of the entire cardiac cycle such as specific phases of the cardiac cycle (e.g., end diastole and end systole) and/or the entire cardiac cycle. In another instance, data acquired over the entire cardiac cycle is reconstructed and the detected signals 202 and 206 ( FIG. 2 ) are employed to identify the reconstructed image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole. The identified cardiac phases can then be extracted from the volume of image data and/or highlighted (e.g., via color, text indicia, etc.) and/or otherwise emphasized in the volume of image data.
- An optional cardiac parameter determiner 136 processes the image data output by the reconstructor 134 and determines various cardiac parameters based on the end diastole signal 202 and/or end systole 206 .
- cardiac output CO
- stroke volume SV
- EJ Ejection Fraction
- EJ end diastolic volume
- ESV end diastolic volume
- ESV end systolic volume
- An optional simulator 138 employs received image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole (e.g., the signals 202 and 206 ) and simulates images there between for other phases of the heart.
- the simulator 138 employs an anatomical model such as a generic or a patient specific anatomical model and the measured times of end diastole and end systole.
- anatomical model such as a generic or a patient specific anatomical model and the measured times of end diastole and end systole.
- left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction can be simulated/predicted based on measurements of myocardial strain.
- the dynamic contractile pattern of the heart can be a crucial parameter in such simulation, which may be described more accurately if measured end diastolic and end systolic timings are available during simulation.
- the filter bank 120 , the trigger generator 130 , the cardiac parameter determiner 136 and/or the simulator 138 can be implemented by at least one processor that executes at least one computer readable instruction stored in computer readable storage medium, such as physical memory or other non-transitory storage medium.
- the processor may also execute one or more computer readable instructions carried by a carrier wave, a signal or other transitory medium.
- at least the console 116 , the cardiac parameter determiner 136 and the simulator 138 can be considered as part of an overall image data post-processing system 140 . However, these components may be part of the same computing device and/or different computing devices.
- FIGS. 3 , 4 and 5 illustrate example methods for gating imaging. It is to be appreciated that the ordering of the acts in these methods is not limiting. As such, other orderings are contemplated herein. In addition, one or more acts may be omitted and/or one or more additional acts may be included.
- FIG. 3 an example method for prospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to acquire data at end diastole and end systole is illustrated.
- end diastole (or end systole) of a cardiac cycle of the patient is identified based on the detected cardiac sounds.
- data acquisition is gated for a first predetermined time interval in response to identifying end diastole and first data corresponding to end diastole is acquired.
- end systole (or end diastole) of the cardiac cycle of the patient is identified based on the detected cardiac sounds.
- data acquisition is gated for a second predetermined time interval in response to identifying end systole and second data corresponding to end systole is acquired.
- the acquired data is reconstructed, generating first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole.
- At 314 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are displayed.
- At 316 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are combined to generate a series of images which are scrolled or looped through in movie-like display.
- one or more cardiac parameters are determined based at least on the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole.
- image data between the first volumetric image data and the second volumetric image data is simulated based on a model for other phases of the cardiac cycle and the first and second volumetric image data.
- FIG. 4 an example method for retrospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to extract image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole from a set of volumetric image data is illustrated.
- cardiac imaging data is acquired while scanning a patient over a plurality of cardiac cycles.
- cardiac sounds of the patient are detected while scanning the patient.
- end diastole and end systole are identified based on the detected cardiac sounds.
- acquired data corresponding to end diastole and end systole is extracted.
- the extracted acquired data is reconstructed, thereby generating volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole.
- At 412 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are displayed.
- At 414 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are combined to generate a series of images which are scrolled or looped through in movie-like display.
- one or more cardiac parameters are determined based at least on the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole.
- image data between the first volumetric image data and the second volumetric image data is generated based on a model for other phases of the cardiac cycle and the first and second volumetric image data.
- FIG. 5 an example method for retrospectively gating imaging based on cardiac sounds to highlight image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole in a set of volumetric image data is illustrated.
- cardiac imaging data is acquired while scanning a patient over a plurality of cardiac cycles.
- cardiac sounds of the patient are detected while scanning the patient.
- an end diastole phase and an end systole phase are identified based on the detected cardiac sounds.
- the acquired data is reconstructed, thereby generating volumetric image data.
- a subset of volumetric image data corresponding to the end diastole phase and the end systole phase is identified in the volumetric image data.
- the identified data in the volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and end systole is highlighted.
- At 514 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are displayed.
- At 516 optionally, at least the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole are combined to generate a series of images which are scrolled or looped through in movie-like display.
- one or more cardiac parameters are determined based at least on the first volumetric image data corresponding to end diastole and the second volumetric image data corresponding to end systole.
- image data between the first volumetric image data and the second volumetric image data is simulated based on a model for other phases of the cardiac cycle and the first and second volumetric image data.
- the above may be implemented by way of computer readable instructions, encoded or embedded on computer readable storage medium, which, when executed by a computer processor(s), cause the processor(s) to carry out the described acts. Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the computer readable instructions is carried by a signal, carrier wave or other transitory medium.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
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US13/553,861 US9161724B2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2012-07-20 | Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound |
CN201380038615.7A CN104486998A (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound. |
EP13773344.0A EP2874543A1 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound |
RU2015105597A RU2015105597A (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | VISUALIZATION WITH STROBING BY A LOT OF HEART TONES AND PROCESSING VISUALIZATION DATA BASED ON A HEART TONE |
JP2015522202A JP2015526150A (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | Image data processing method |
BR112015000917A BR112015000917A2 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | method |
PCT/IB2013/055573 WO2014013384A1 (en) | 2012-07-20 | 2013-07-08 | Multi-cardiac sound gated imaging and post-processing of imaging data based on cardiac sound. |
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US11607181B2 (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2023-03-21 | GE Precision Healthcare LLC | Systems and methods for cardiac triggering of an imaging system |
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WO2014013384A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
CN104486998A (en) | 2015-04-01 |
JP2015526150A (en) | 2015-09-10 |
US20140024916A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
EP2874543A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
RU2015105597A (en) | 2016-09-10 |
BR112015000917A2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
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