US9759633B2 - Distributed optical fibre sensor - Google Patents
Distributed optical fibre sensor Download PDFInfo
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- US9759633B2 US9759633B2 US15/388,115 US201615388115A US9759633B2 US 9759633 B2 US9759633 B2 US 9759633B2 US 201615388115 A US201615388115 A US 201615388115A US 9759633 B2 US9759633 B2 US 9759633B2
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3109—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR
- G01M11/3145—Details of the optoelectronics or data analysis
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
- G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
- G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3109—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR
- G01M11/3127—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR using multiple or wavelength variable input source
Abstract
Description
Δφb=2πn e d/λ (1)
where ne is the effective refractive index of the propagation medium and d is the physical distance of the path imbalance in the interferometer. When the interferometer is undisturbed, this phase is commonly referred to as the ‘phase bias delay’ of the interferometer. Small disturbances of the interferometer will lead to corresponding disturbances of the phase imbalance around this phase bias value. The output optical intensity of an ideal interferometer with perfectly coherent illumination is proportional to one plus the cosine of the instantaneous phase imbalance. In the context of the invention described here, the location and mean path imbalance of the interferometer are set by parameters of the optical reflectometry system. In the case of optical time domain reflectometry, the location of the interferometer is defined by the time delay after launching an optical interrogation pulse into a sensing fibre, and the mean path imbalance is related to the physical length of the portion of the fibre that is illuminated at any instant in time. However, the actual bias phase for each sensing location along the fibre will typically be very large compared to 2π radians, and the exact value of the phase bias within a range of 2π will be unpredictable, since the fibre properties and state of background strain are prone to vary with position.
Δφbref=2πn e d(1/λ2−1/λ1)=π/2 (2)
Δλ=λ1λ2/(4n e d) (3)
Δφs=2πdn esΔλ/λ1λ2 (4)
Δφs=(π/2)(n es /n e) (5)
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/388,115 US9759633B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-12-22 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB201019117A GB201019117D0 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-11-11 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
GB1019117.9 | 2010-11-11 | ||
PCT/GB2011/052183 WO2012063066A2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-09 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US201313884017A | 2013-05-08 | 2013-05-08 | |
US15/044,633 US9562826B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US15/388,115 US9759633B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-12-22 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
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US15/044,633 Division US9562826B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
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US20170102289A1 US20170102289A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
US9759633B2 true US9759633B2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
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US15/044,633 Active US9562826B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US15/044,588 Active US9574970B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US15/388,115 Active US9759633B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-12-22 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
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US13/884,017 Active 2031-12-27 US9304017B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-09 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US15/044,633 Active US9562826B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US15/044,588 Active US9574970B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-02-16 | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
Country Status (5)
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US (4) | US9304017B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2638363B1 (en) |
CA (3) | CA3020456C (en) |
GB (1) | GB201019117D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012063066A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US10839202B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2020-11-17 | Medibotics | Motion recognition clothing with flexible optical sensors |
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US20130222811A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
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CA3020465A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
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WO2012063066A2 (en) | 2012-05-18 |
US20170102289A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
CA2816945C (en) | 2018-11-27 |
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