USH2113H1 - Ink compositions - Google Patents
Ink compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USH2113H1 USH2113H1 US09/375,031 US37503199A USH2113H US H2113 H1 USH2113 H1 US H2113H1 US 37503199 A US37503199 A US 37503199A US H2113 H USH2113 H US H2113H
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- accordance
- ink
- percent
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 diene fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)C(O)=O PTBDIHRZYDMNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1C(N=C=O)CCCC1N=C=O OHTRJOZKRSVAOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZDFKSZDMHJHQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZDFKSZDMHJHQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZKQGGPNIFCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylhexane-2,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C(C)(O)O VYZKQGGPNIFCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RDFQSFOGKVZWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)C(O)=O RDFQSFOGKVZWKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZDIRINETBAVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1N=C=O VZDIRINETBAVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHAMPPWFPNXLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(CO)(CO)C(O)=O UHAMPPWFPNXLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ULMZOZMSDIOZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(CO)C(O)=O ULMZOZMSDIOZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MGYGFNQQGAQEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tolyl isocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 MGYGFNQQGAQEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(O)=O XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Polymers CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 221
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 14
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 13
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-nonylphenoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OCCO IEORSVTYLWZQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1C1CCCCC1 PZYDAVFRVJXFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940068917 polyethylene glycols Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
Definitions
- Emulsion/aggregation/coalescence processes for the preparation of dry toners are illustrated in a number of Xerox patents, the disclosures of each of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,654, U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,020, U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,734, U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,963, U.S. Pat. No. 5,344,738, U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,693, U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,108, U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,729, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,346,797; and also of interest may be U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,348,832; 5,405,728; 5,366,841; 5,496,676; 5,527,658; 5,585,215; 5,650,255; 5,650,256 and 5,501,935.
- the present invention is generally directed to ink compositions, and processes thereof, and more specifically, the present invention is directed to processes for the preparation of colored aqueous ink compositions particularly suitable for use in ink jet printing processes, and especially thermal ink- jet processes, and other similar processes, and wherein there is permitted minimal or no koagation, inks with suitable particle sizes, reduced smear for the images developed, resistance to solvents, abrasion, and scratching, toughness, minimal intercolor bleed for the images developed, and wherein paper curl is minimized and image smearing is minimal, or avoided.
- the inks in-embodiments of the present invention are comprised of an ink vehicle, colorant, and additives, and wherein the inks can be prepared by blending a polyurethane resin emulsion comprised for example of from about 17 to about 60 percent by weight of a polyurethane resin, from about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight of a surfactant, and from about 33 to about 82 percent by weight of water and a colorant dispersion, and isolating the ink, and wherein the latex can be prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- a polyurethane resin emulsion comprised for example of from about 17 to about 60 percent by weight of a polyurethane resin, from about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight of a surfactant, and from about 33 to about 82 percent by weight of water and a colorant dispersion, and isolating the ink, and wherein the latex can be prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- the latex resin are known waterborne polyurethane dispersions, which resins or polymers are commercially available from Bayer Chemical or King Industries, and which can be prepared by polymerizing a polyurethane in a solvent followed by dispersing the mixture resulting in water, or wherein an isocyanate terminated prepolymer can be prepared in the melt or in an aprotic solvent, and subsequently chain extended with a diamine in the water phase in the presence of a neutralizing tertiary amine.
- waterborne polyurethane dispersions which resins or polymers are commercially available from Bayer Chemical or King Industries, and which can be prepared by polymerizing a polyurethane in a solvent followed by dispersing the mixture resulting in water, or wherein an isocyanate terminated prepolymer can be prepared in the melt or in an aprotic solvent, and subsequently chain extended with a diamine in the water phase in the presence of a neutralizing tertiary amine.
- Ink jet printing can be considered a non-impact method that produces droplets of ink that are deposited on a substrate, such as paper or transparent film, in response to an electronic digital signal.
- Thermal or bubble jet drop-on-demand ink jet printers are useful as outputs for personal computers in the office and in the home.
- the printhead typically comprises one or more ink jet ejectors, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,359, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, each ejector including a channel communicating with an ink supply chamber, or manifold, at one end and having an opening at the opposite end, referred to as a nozzle.
- a thermal energy generator usually a resistor, is located in each of the channels a predetermined distance from the nozzles. The resistors are individually addressed with a current pulse to momentarily vaporize the ink and form a bubble which expels an ink droplet.
- the ink rapidly bulges from the nozzle and is momentarily contained by the surface tension of the ink as a meniscus.
- the ink remaining in the channel between the nozzle and bubble starts to move toward the collapsing bubble, causing a volumetric contraction of the ink at the nozzle and resulting in the separation from the nozzle of the bulging ink as a droplet.
- the feed of additional ink provides the momentum and velocity for propelling the droplet towards a print sheet, such as a piece of paper. Since the droplet of ink is emitted only when the resistor is actuated, this type of thermal ink jet printing is known as “drop-on-demand” printing. Other types of ink jet printing, such as continuous-stream or acoustic, are also known.
- the printhead typically comprises a linear array of ejectors, and the printhead is moved relative to the surface of the print sheet, either by moving the print sheet relative to a stationary printhead, or vice-versa, or both.
- a relatively small printhead moves across a print sheet numerous times in swathes, much like a typewriter.
- a printhead which consists of an array of ejectors and extends the full width of the print sheet, may be passed once down the print sheet to give full-page images in what is known as a “full-width array” (FWA) printer.
- FWA full-width array
- Nozzle openings are typically about 50 to 80 micrometers in width or diameter for 300 spi printers. With the advent of 600 spi printers, these nozzle openings are typically about 10 to about 40 micrometers in width or diameter. These small dimensions require inks that do not plug the small openings.
- an important requirement for ink jet ink is the ability of the ink to be stable with minimal or no settling, the ability of the ink to remain in a fluid condition in a printhead opening on exposure to air, and moreover wherein when the inks are selected for ink jet printing there is minimized paper curl, or wherein paper curl can be controlled.
- Latency is the maximum idling times allowed for ink to be jetted by a printer with a speed equal to or greater than 5 m/s (equivalent to an ink traveling a distance of 0.5 millimeters in less than 100 ⁇ s) without a failure. This measurement can be accomplished with the printhead or nozzles uncovered or decapped and generally at a relative humidity of about 15 percent.
- the time interval is the longest length of time that the printhead, uncovered, will still fire or eject a specified drop without drop displacement or loss of density.
- the inks of the present invention possess many of these characteristics in embodiments thereof.
- pigment such as carbon black
- Dye-based ink jet inks suffer from deficiencies in waterfastness and lightfastness after being printed on various substrates. Pigments provide an image on a wide variety of substrates, having high optical density with high waterfastness and lightfastness. Therefore, pigments are a preferred alternative to dyes, provided the pigment dispersions can be made stable to prevent flocculation and/or aggregation and settling. Some cosolvents that can be selected as clogging inhibitors cause destabilization of pigment dispersions and, therefore, are not usually effective in pigmented inks.
- ink jet inks wherein paper curl, and/or image smearing can be eliminated or minimized when such inks are selected for ink jet printing processes, and wherein the images possess minimal, or acceptable intercolor bleed, that is for example, wherein color overlap, or diffusing of one color into another is minimal, or avoided; and wherein excellent waterfastness and lightfastness images can be generated.
- the inks and processes thereof containing polyurethane resin emulsions enabling inks with smear resistance, especially when such inks contain surface treated carbon black colorants, and optical density enhancements, or wherein the ink can contain condensation generated resins of polymers of phenoplasts, aminoplasts, alkyds, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and epoxide resins or polymers.
- aspects of the present invention relate to a process for the preparation of an ink which comprises mixing an ink vehicle, a colorant and a polyurethane resin emulsion; a process wherein the polyurethane resin emulsion is generated from the urethanization of (a) from about 50 to about 95 weight percent of a polyester polyol; and (b) from about 5 to about 45 weight percent of a polyisocyanate; and (c) from about 1 to about 15 weight percent of ionic groups and wherein the total of said components (a) to (c) is about 100 percent; a process wherein the polyester polyol is generated by the polycondensation of from about 0 to about 80 weight percent of a monocarboxylic acid, from about 5 to about 60 weight percent of a polycarboxylic acid, and from about 10 to about 80 weight percent of a polyol; a process wherein the polyurethane resin emulsion particles possesses a particle size of from about 0.05 microns to about 1 microns,
- the polyurethane resin possesses a weight average molecular weight Mw of from about 1,500 to about 100,000, or from about 2,000 to about 45,000; a process wherein the polyurethane resin possesses a number average molecular weight Mn of from about 1,000 to about 70,000, or from about 1,000 to about 30,000; a process wherein the polyurethane resin emulsion possesses a hydroxyl number of from about 10 to about 300, or from about 20 to about 150 mg KOH/g; a process wherein the polyurethane resin possesses a carboxyl group content corresponding to an acid number of from about 5 to about 70, or from about 10 to about 40 mg KOH/g; a process wherein the polyurethane resin emulsion possesses urethane groups calculated as NH-O-O-, molecular weight, Mw of 59, of from about 2
- the liquid vehicle is generally present in an amount of from about 50 to about 99 percent by weight, and preferably from about 55 to about 95 percent by weight
- the colorant is generally present in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, and preferably from about 3 to about 10 percent by weight
- the polyurethane resin emulsion is generally present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 percent by weight, and preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent
- a biocide when selected is generally present in an amount of from about 0 to about 10 percent by weight, and preferably from about 0.001 to about 8 percent by weight
- a humectant when selected is generally present in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 percent by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 30 percent by weight
- a polymeric additive when present, such as Gum Arabic, polyacrylate salts, polymethacrylate salts, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxy propylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, polyvin
- the inks in embodiments possess a latency of at least about 10 to about 80 or more seconds in, for example, a printer having at least one nozzle of a channel width or diameter ranging for example, from about 10 to about 40 microns, and wherein intercolor bleed is minimized or eliminated.
- An important measured property for an ink jet ink is the latency or decap time, which is the length of time over which an ink remains fluid in a printhead opening or nozzle when exposed to air and, therefore, capable of firing a drop of ink at its intended target.
- Latency is the maximum idling time allowed for ink to be jetted by a printer with a speed equal to or greater than 5 ms (equivalent to an ink traveling a distance of 0.5 millimeter in less than 100 As) without a failure.
- the latency test is operated with the printhead or nozzles uncovered or decapped, and generally at a relative humidity of 15 percent.
- the time interval is the longest length of time that the printhead, uncovered, will still fire a specified drop without drop displacement or loss of density. The longer the latency time rating, the more desirable the ink.
- Inks of the present invention can be prepared by the formation of a polyurethane resin emulsion, and wherein the urethane groups may function as a crosslinking site with carboxyl functionalities on carbon black colorant or other color pigment surfaces to thereby impart to the inks formed smear resistance, film hardness, and humidity resistance.
- the emulsion generated can then been subjected to aggregation and fusing with a colorant, as illustrated in the Xerox United States patents recited herein.
- aqueous polyurethane resin emulsions comprised, for example, of from about 17 to about 60 percent by weight of a polyurethane resin, from about 0.1 to about 3 percent by weight of surfactant, and from about 33 to about 82 percent by weight of water, with a particle size for the solids of from about 0.05 micron to about 1 micron, and preferably from about 0.1 micron to about 0.5 micron in volume average diameter as measured by Coulter Counter nanosize particle analyzer, a viscosity at 25° C.
- the polyurethane resin in the emulsion can process a weight average molecular weight Mw of from about 1,500 to about 100,000, and preferably from about 2,000 to about 45,000, a number average molecular weight Mn of from about 1,000 to about 70,000, and preferably from about 1,000 to about 30,000, (Mw and Mn are determined by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as the standard); a hydroxyl number of from about 10 to about 300, and preferably from about 20 to about 150 mg KOH/g; a carboxyl group content corresponding to an acid number of from about 5 to about 70, and preferably from about 10 to about 40 mg KOH/g; and urethane groups (as
- the polyurethane resin emulsions in the present invention can be generated from urethanization reaction products of:
- Polyester polyol (a) can be selected from polyester polyols with a hydroxyl number of from about 20 to about 450, preferably from about 25 to about 300 mg KOH/g, and an acid number of from about 0 to about 10,and preferably from about 0 to about 5 mg KOH/g, and wherein the polyester polyol can be prepared by the polycondensation of from about 0 to about 80 weight percent of a monocarboxylic acid, from about 5 to about 60 weight percent of a polycarboxylic acid, and from about 10 to about 80 weight percent of a polyol.
- the reaction for generating the polyester polyols can be accomplished by melt condensation or azeotropic condensation at a temperature of from about 130 to about 250° C., and preferably from about 150 to about 220° C.
- monocarboxylic acids are benzoic acid, tert-butylbenzoic acid, hexahydrobenzoic acid, saturated fatty acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isononanoic acid, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and stearic acid, unsaturated fatty acids such as soybean oil fatty acid, soya oil fatty acid, sorbic acid, and conjugated diene fatty acid, or mixture thereof, and preferably are tert-butylbenzoic acid, stearic acid, and soybean oil fatty aci and examples of polycarboxylic acids are di-, tri-, and/or tetracarboxylic acids, and examples include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid
- Examples include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythriol, trimethylpentanediol, or mixture thereof, and preferably are 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythriol, and trimethylpentanediol.
- Polyisocyanate (b) is, for example, selected from organic polyisocyanates having a molecular weight (Mw) of about 140 to about 1,500, preferably about 168 to about 318, provided that at least about 50,preferably at least about 70 and more weight percent of component in (b) is 1-methyl-2,4-diisocyanato-cyclohexane and/or 1-methyl-2,6-diisocyanato-cyclohexane. These diisocyanates are known and can be produced by the gas-phase phosgenation.
- component (b) can also contain other polyisocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (IPDI), 2,4- or 2,6-diisocyanato-toluene (TDI), 4,4′-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H 12 MDI), and 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl-methane (MDI).
- Polyisocyanate component in (b) can also contain the known lacguer polyisocyanates preferably prepared from HDI, IPDI, and/or TDI.
- Component (c) is preferably selected from one or more compounds containing at least one isocyanate-reactive group and having at least one anionic and/or potential ionic group.
- These compounds preferably are carboxylic acids having at least one, preferably one or two, hydroxyl or amino groups or their corresponding salts.
- Suitable acids include 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-alkanecarboxylic acids (such as dimethylolacetic acid, 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid, 2,2-dimethylolbutyfic acid, and 2,2-dimethylolpentanoic acid), dihydroxysuccinic acid, hydroxypivalic acid, and mixture thereof.
- acids used as component (c) are 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid and hydroxypivalic acid.
- the polyester polyurethanes can be prepared as either solvent-free or can contain about 40 to about 99 weight percent of an organic solution.
- components (a), (c), and (d) can be introduced into a reactor, optionally in a solvent, and reacted at temperatures of about 40 to about 140° C., and preferably from about 65 to about 130° C., with component (b) until unreacted NCO groups are not detectable.
- the relative reactant proportions are selected such that the equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is about 0.1:1 to about 0.9:1.
- the solvent selected for the urethanization can be distilled off and which solvent either forms an azeotropic mixture with a boiling point below about 100° C., or itself has a boiling point below about 100° C.
- solvents include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, or mixture thereof.
- the solvents chosen are not reactive with isocyanate groups.
- Preferred solvents are N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl ethyl ketone and xylene.
- the urethanization reaction is preferably conducted in the presence of about 0.01 to about 5, and preferably of about 0.1 to about 2.5 weight percent based on the weight of the reaction mixture, of suitable catalysts.
- suitable catalysts for the urethanization reaction include tertiary amines such as triethylamine; tin compounds such as tin(II) octanoate, cobalt octanoate, lead octanoate, dibutyltin oxide, and dibutyltin diluaurate.
- Preferred catalysts are tin(II) octanoate and triethylamine.
- the catalyst can be selected, for example, in an amount about 0.01 to about 5, and preferably of about 0.1 to about 2.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
- Neutralization of the ionic groups can provide electrostatic stabilization for the polyurethane resin emulsion and hence increase the dispersibility of the polyurethane resin in water, wherein the emulsion particle size is below about 1 micron, and preferably from 0.1 to about 0.5 microns; the anionic groups can also used directly for the adhesive bonding between the polyurethane resin and the paper substrates) may be accomplished before or during the urethanization reaction, during or after the dispersion of the polyeter urethane in water by the addition of a base.
- the neutralization can be accomplished with aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides or with amines, with the degree of neutralization being determined by acid titration with a KOH aqueous solution after the polymer resin has been treated with a base. Based on the amount of KOH used, the amount of acid groups such as carboryl groups, incorporated can be estimated, and wherein the percentage of neutralization can be calculated) and wherein the degree of neutralization is, for example, about 20 to about 100, preferably about 50 to about 100 percent of the incorporated acid groups.
- Suitable bases for neutralization include ammonia, N-methyl-morpholine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, tripropylamine, triisopropanolamine, 2-diethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, or mixture thereof.
- suitable neutralizing agents are sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.
- Preferred neutralizing agents are ammonia, triethylamine, and dimethylethanolamine.
- the polyurethanes can be converted into an aqueous dispersion by the addition of water.
- the dispersion step is generally accomplished at about 40 to about 120° C.
- the water/neutralizing agent mixture may be added to the polyurethane resin, water may be added to the polyurethane resin/neutralizing agent mixture, or the polyurethane resin may be added to the water/neutralizing agent mixture.
- the surface tension of the polyurethane resin emulsion can be lower than about 50 dynes/cm, and preferably from about 30 to 45 dynes/cm, thereby increasing the dispersibility of the polyurethane resin by the use of external emulsifiers, such as nonionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants are polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, methalose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, dialkylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) ethanol, available from Rhone-Poulenac as IGEPAL CA-210TM, IGEPAL CA-520TM, IGEPAL CA-720TM, IGEPAL CO-850TM, IGEPAL CO-890TM, IGEPAL CO-720TM, IGEPAL CO-290TM, IGEPAL CA-210TM, ANTAROX 890TM and ANTAROX 897TM,
- Pat. No. 5,814,138 such as poly(ethylene glycol) methyl p-tert-octylphenyl phosphate, wherein the surfactant contains, for example, 40 ethylene glycol units, poly(ethylene glycol)- ⁇ -methyl ether- ⁇ -methyl p-tert-octylphenyl phosphate (wherein the surfactant contains 17 ethylene glycol units, wherein the external emulsifier is selected in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 6, and preferably from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent based on the polyurethane resin.
- the present invention also relates to a high resolution printing process comprising applying in imagewise fashion to a substrate the invention ink in a printer having at least one nozzle of a channel width or diameter ranging from about 10 to about 40 microns and intercolor bleed is minimized or eliminated, and wherein the printing process is optionally accomplished with a 600 spi ink jet printer with a radiant heat assisting drying process; a printing process which comprises incorporating into an acoustic ink jet printer the invention ink with a viscosity of from about 0.7 to about 5 centipoise at a temperature of from about 25 degree Centigrade to about 50 degree Centigrade, and causing droplets of the ink to be ejected in imagewise pattern onto a substrate; a process which comprises (a) providing a acoustic ink printer having a pool of liquid ink with a free surface, and a printhead including at least one droplet ejector for radiating the free surface of said ink with focused acoustic radiation to e
- the inks and imaging processes of the present invention in embodiments thereof can possess numerous advantages including excellent ink waterfastness, lightfastness, low product cost, high image resolution, excellent print quality on a variety of substrates, excellent jetting capability with high drop velocity, longer latency, larger drop mass or drop volume which provides optimal optical density in a single pass, high frequency response which allows for high speed printing, excellent printhead recoverability and maintainability, excellent ink stability, minimal ink and pigment settling, a lack of printhead kogation, and more importantly, wherein the inks when selected for ink jet processes enable photo like quality, and low intercolor bleed, on substrates such as paper.
- Examples of vehicles selected for the inks include water, gylocols, mixtures of glycols, a mixture of water and a miscible organic component, such as a glycol, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycols, glycerine, dipropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and the like, amides, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, organosulfides, organosulfoxides, sulfones, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, alcohol derivatives, carbitol, butyl carbitol, cellusolve, ether derivatives, amino alcohols, ketones, and other water miscible materials, and mixtures thereof.
- a glycol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycols, glycerine, dipropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and the like
- the liquid vehicle is generally present in an amount of from about 50 to about 99 and preferably about 98.9 percent by weight, based on the total amount of components in the ink, and more preferably from about 55 to about 95 percent by weight, and still more preferably from about 60 to about 90 percent by weight, although the amounts may be outside these ranges in embodiments.
- the total of all ink components is about 100 percent, or 100 parts. Also, there can be selected other vehicles not specifically recited herein.
- the water to organic ratio may be in any effective range, and typically is from about 100:0 to about 30:70, and preferably from about 97:3 to about 50:50, although the ratio can be outside these ranges.
- the nonwater component of the liquid vehicle generally serves as a humectant and possesses a boiling point higher than that of water (100° C.).
- the colorant such as a pigment dispersion can be mixed with different humectants or solvents including ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, propyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethyleneglycols, polypropylene glycols, glycerine, trimethylolpropane, 1,5 pentanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, diols and triols containing 2 to 10 carbons, sulfoxides, for example dimethylsulfoxide, alkylphenyl sulfoxides or sulfones like sulfolane, dialkyl sulfones, alkyl phenyl sulfones, and the like, amides, for example N,N-dialkyl amides, N,N-alkyl phenyl amides, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, isosorbide dimethyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-cyclohe
- the colorant for the ink compositions of the present invention includes a dye, pigment, mixtures of dye and pigment, mixture of dyes, a mixture of one or more pigments, and the like.
- the colorant can be black, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, orange, brown, mixtures thereof, and the like, and is preferably carbon black, such as Levanyl carbon black obtained from Bayer.
- suitable black pigments include various carbon blacks such as channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and the like.
- Colored pigments, or dyes include red, green, blue, brown, magenta, cyan, yellow, and mixtures thereof.
- magenta pigments include 2,9-dimethyl-substituted quinacridone and anthraquinone, identified in the Color Index as CI 60710, CI Solvent Red 19, and the like.
- suitable cyan pigments include copper tetra-4-(octadecyl sulfonamido) phthalocyanine, X-copper phthalocyanine pigment, listed in the Color Index as CI 74160, CI Pigment Blue, and Anthradanthrene Blue, identified in the Color Index as CI 69810, Special Blue X-2137, and the like.
- yellow pigments that can be selected include diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides, a monoazo pigment identified in the Color Index as CI 12700, CI Solvent Yellow 16, a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide identified in the Color Index as Foron Yellow SEGLN, CI Dispersed Yellow 33, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4′-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, Permanent Yellow FGL, and the like.
- diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzidene acetoacetanilides a monoazo pigment identified in the Color Index as CI 12700
- CI Solvent Yellow 16 a nitrophenyl amine sulfonamide identified in the Color Index as Foron Yellow SEGLN
- CI Dispersed Yellow 33 2,5-dimethoxy-4-sulfonanilide phenylazo-4′-chloro
- the preferable pigment dispersions include carbon blacks, such as Hostafine Black (T and TS), Sunsperse 9303, Cabot IJX56, and Levanyl Black A-SF. Of these, Levanyl Black A-SF, Cabot IJX56, and Cabot CSX-440L Cabojet 300 and the like are the most preferred. Examples of suitable colorants, especially pigments that may be selected in embodiments are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,727, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference.
- suitable dyes include reactive dyes, direct dyes, anionic dyes, acid dyes, food dyes, and the like.
- suitable dyes include the ProJet dyes available from Zeneca (ICI) such as ProJet Yellow 1G, ProJet Yellow OAM, and ProJet Fast Yellow 2, ProJet Cyan 1, ProJet Fast Cyan 2, ProJet Magenta 3B-OA, ProJet Magenta 1T, ProJet Magenta 1, ProJet Fast Magenta 2, ProJet Fast Black 2.
- Basacid Black X-34 available from BASF, Carta Black 2GT, available from Sandoz Inc.
- Duasyn Acid Blue AE-SF available from Hoechst
- Duasyn Direct Turquoise Blue FRL-SF available from Hoechst
- Duasyn Yellow R-GL available from Hoechst
- Bayscript Yellow GGN available from Bayer
- Pontamine Brilliant Flavine 6G-N available from Bayer
- Bayscript Magenta WDP available from Bayer
- Duasyn Acid Rhodamine B-SF available from Hoechst
- Bayscript Yellow BR available from Bayer
- Bayscript Cyan BA Liquid available from Bayer
- Special Black HF Liquid available from Bayer
- Special Yellow CA51089FW available from Bayer, Acid Yellow 17, available from Tricon.
- the colorant, especially pigment particle size is small to enable a stable colloidal suspension of the particles in the liquid vehicle and to prevent clogging of the ink channels when the ink is used in a thermal ink jet printer.
- Preferred colorant particle average diameters are generally from about 0.001 to about 2 microns, and more preferably from about 0.01 to about 1 micron in volume average diameter, although the particle size can be outside these ranges.
- a more preferred pigment particle size includes particles having at least 70 percent of the particles being below 0.1 micron with no particles being greater than 1.0 micron (measured on a Hodaka CAPA 700 Particle Size Analyzer). More preferably, the pigment particle size includes particles having at least 90 percent of the particles being below 0.1 micron with no particles being greater than about 1.0 micron.
- the colorant such as pigment is present in the ink composition in various effective amounts and generally from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, preferably from about 3 to about 10 percent by weight, more preferably from about 4 to about 9 percent by weight, and most preferably from about 4 to about 8 percent, although the amount can be outside of these ranges.
- Polymeric additives can also be added to the inks, for example, to about 0.02 weight percent to about 10 weight percent, to enhance the viscosity of the ink, and such additives include water soluble polymers such as Gum Arabic, polyacrylate salts, polymethacrylate salts, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxy propylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, polyvinylether, starch, polysaccharides, polyethyleneimines derivatized with polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, such as the DISCOLE® series available from DKS International, Tokyo, Japan, the JEFFAMINE® series available from Texaco, Bellaire, Tex., and the like.
- water soluble polymers such as Gum Arabic, polyacrylate salts, polymethacrylate salts, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxy propylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, polyvinylether, starch, polysaccharides
- the polymeric additives may be present in the ink of the present invention in amounts of from 0 to about 10 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.001 to about 8 percent by weight, and more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight, although the amount can be outside these ranges.
- a preferred polymeric additive is described in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 536,236 the disclosure of which are totally incorporated herein by reference, which additives are especially useful as colorant like carbon black stabilizers.
- the self-emulsifying sulfolated polyesters disclosed in U.S. Ser. No.
- 536,236 can be selected as additives in various appropriate amounts and preferably in amounts of from about 0.1 weight percent to about 12 weight percent and more preferably from about 1 weight percent to about 8 weight percent.
- the preferred polyesters have a glass transition temperature ranging from about 0° to about 80° C. and preferably between about 20° C. and about 65° C.
- One selected polyester is a sulfonated polyester with about 7.5 percent sulfonation, weight average molecular weight of about 2,080, Mn of about 1,043, Tg of about 54.9° C., and softening point of about 135° C.
- Examples of specific optional ink additives that may be selected include biocides, such as DOWICIL® 150 (o-phenylphenol), 200 (Quaternium-15), and 75 (1-(3- chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride), benzoate salts, sorbate salts, 1,2-benzisothiazolinone also known as Proxel GXL products obtained from Zeneca Chemicals and the like, present in an amount of from 0 to about 10 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.001 to about 8 percent by weight, and more preferably from about 0.01 to about 4.0 percent by weight, although the amount can be outside these ranges; penetration control additives, such as N-methylpyrrolidinone, 2-pyrolidinone, sulfoxides, ketones, lactones, esters, alcohols, butyl carbitol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexylpyrrolidinone, 1,2-hexanediol, and the like
- suitable ink additives include those illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,026 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,825, the disclosures of each patent being totally incorporated herein by reference, including the alcohol surfactants illustrated herein, and more specifically, a mixture of secondary alcohols reacted with ethylene oxide, such Tergitol 15-S series surfactants available from Union Carbide, polyethylene oxide, alkylphenoxy-polyethylene oxide, such as Triton X-100 available from Aldrich Chemical Company, polyethylene oxide nonylphenyl ether available as IGEPAL from Rhodia, or as ANTAROX from Rhone Poulenc.
- the surfactants are utilized in various effective amounts, such as for example from about 0 to about 5 percent, and from 1 to about 3 weight percent by weight of the ink.
- ink jet ink compositions of the present invention a number of physical properties may be desirable, for example ink compositions for use in ink jet recording processes should have appropriate viscosity, surface tension and pH characteristics.
- the ink should, for example, possess liquid properties, such as viscosity, surface tension and pH, optimized for the discharging conditions of the printing apparatus, such as the thermal ink jet heater temperature increase.
- the ink compositions possess surface tensions of for example, greater than about 25 dynes/cm 2 , preferably greater than about 30 dynes/cm 2 and more preferably greater than about 40, such as from about 40 to about 100, dynes/cm 2 , a viscosity is of, for example, less than about 10 cps, preferably less than about 8 cps, and more preferably less than about 5 cps, such as from about 1 to about 5 cps.
- the surface tension can be measured with a Kruss Model K10 tensiometer, and the viscosity can be determined at about 25° C. by a Brookfield Fluid Rheometer.
- the inks of the present invention possess in embodiments superior ink stability, for example they maintain a substantially constant viscosity ranging from about 1.3 centipoise to about 5 centipoise at 25 degrees centigrade at a spindel rate of 60 rpms as measured by a Brookfield Fluid Rheometer, suitable pH as measured by a pH electrode and meter, and ranging for example, from a pH of about 3 to about 10.
- the inks in embodiments do not exhibit visible pigment or emulsion particle settling behavior for extended time periods, for example over six months, and more specifically, from about six months to about two years.
- the substantially constant viscosity, pH, surface tension, and lack of particulate settling is maintained despite stressing the ink measured by, for example, permitting the ink to remain in a bottle at room temperature, for example about 25° C., then subjecting the ink to heating at about 60° C. (degrees Centigrade) for 24 hours or 50° C. for 30 days; or subjecting the ink to freezing at ⁇ 30° C. followed by thawing at room temperature. Under these stress conditions, the viscosity of the ink does not substantially increase or decrease more than about 0.5 cPs (centipoise).
- a substantial viscosity change for example from 3 centipoise (cPs) to about 4 centipoise, may cause the ink to be nonjettable, and/or may render the ink incapable of passing through the jetting device filter.
- An adverse change in ink viscosity may result in the lack of refilling ink to the jetting device, and thus subsequent loss of jetting channel refill and drops not being fired from the jetting device.
- the inks of the present invention may not require additional special additives, such as the prior art saccharinepolyols, for long shelf stability or excellent jetting performance.
- the inks of the present invention in embodiments possess excellent latency of at least about 10 seconds, that is, for example, from about 10 seconds to about 1,000 seconds, with a minimum latency of at least about 30 seconds being preferred.
- the inks of the present invention possess excellent dry and wet smear resistance, that is a dry smear optical density of at least less than about 0.10, more generally a dry smear optical density of preferably from about 0 to about 0.07. (the less OD values for smear indicate less transfer onto people).
- the OD smear is a measure of how much ink or developed image can be removed from the original image as compared with a print image of the same ink without the polyurethane resin.
- the wet smear optical density of the inks is at least about 0.20, and more generally the wet smear optical density is about 0.10, and preferably from about 0 to about 0.10.
- the advantage to reduction in smear is that the productivity of the output of prints can be increased, when the smear is reduced. If reduced, the page to page contact is unaffected by smeared images on the backside of pages. Also, less of the image would be transferred to people's fingers etc. Another advantage, is possibly for highlighter smearing. Less smear would enable less transfer when a highlighter pen is drawn across the image, or when liquids are spilled and wiped up.
- the inks may be applied to a suitable substrate in imagewise fashion.
- Application of the ink to the substrate can be by any suitable process compatible with aqueous-based inks, such as flexographic printing, pen plotters, continuous stream ink jet printing, drop-on-demand ink jet printing (including both piezoelectric and thermal ink jet processes), or the like.
- the substrate employed can be any substrate compatible with aqueous-based inks, including plain paper, such as Xerox® series 10 paper, Xerox® 4024 paper, Xerox Color Expressions, or the like, coated papers, such as those available from Jujo, transparency materials suitable for aqueous inks or ink jet printing processes, or the like.
- the viscosity of the ink was measured at 25° C. using a Brookfield Model DV-11 viscometer.
- the surface tension of the ink was measured at 25° C. using a Kruss model K10T plate tensiometer.
- the pH was measured at 25° C. using a Corning model 345 pH meter.
- the inks were placed in an ink jet printer HP850C (Hewlett Packard). After an image was printed, the image was allowed to stand, or remain at room temperature, about 25° C. throughout, for 24 hours prior to evaluation.
- the optical density of the solid area was measured prior to smear testing using a densitometer (X-Rite 428).
- the images were printed on several media such as Xerox Courtland 4024DP and Image Series LX paper. A clean sheet of the matching paper was placed on top of the solid area image.
- a rub tester Manufactured by Testing Machines Inc.
- a 4 pound weight was placed on top of the covered image. At a speed of 85 rubs per minute, the image was subjected to 50 rubs at 25° C. and 50 percent RH.
- the area adjacent to the solid area image was measured using the densitometer.
- the inks were placed in an ink jet printer jet printer HP850C (Hewlett Packard) and imaged with lines on it. After a lined image was printed, the image was allowed to stand, or remain at room temperature for 24 hours prior to evaluation. The optical density of the solid area was measured prior to smear testing using a densitometer (X-Rite 428). The images were printed on several media such as Xerox Courtland 4024DP and Image Series LX paper. An inhouse micro wet smear test fixture was used to smear the image with the use of water wetted chisel tips (similar to highlighter felt tips). The saturated tips was assembled into a mechanical pen.
- HP850C Hewlett Packard
- the mechanical pen equipped with the wetted tip was traversed across the image at a force of 80 to 100 grams. This procedure was repeated three times across unsmeared regions of the image. The optical density of the area between the printed lines was measured and averaged over at least ten measurements. The optical density of the background of the media was subtracted from the optical density adjacent to the image.
- ink 50 Grams of ink were placed in a capped bottle and allowed to stand at a temperature of 60° C. for 24 hours.
- the ink physical properties were measured after heat treatment.
- shelf standing ink was also measured for physical properties. Large changes greater than 0.3 centipoise units for viscosity indicated instability.
- Other physical properties, such as surface tension or pH, were monitored, and changes of 3 dynes/cm or a change in pH by more than about 0.5 would indicate instability. Observation of the ink standing on the shelf at room temperature, about 25° C. throughout, for settling was also tested.
- An image was printed by an ink jet printer HP855C on each of the following papers: Xerox Courtland 4024DP and Images Series LX.
- the optical density of the printed image was measured by an X-Rite densitometer.
- the ink may be applied to a suitable substrate in imagewise fashion.
- Application of the ink to the substrate can be by any suitable process compatible with aqueous-based inks, such as flexographic printing, pen plotters, continuous stream ink jet printing, drop-on-demand ink jet printing (including both piezoelectric and thermal ink jet processes), or the like.
- the substrate employed can be any substrate compatible with aqueous-based inks, including plain paper, such as Xerox series 10 paper, Xerox 4024 paper, or the like, coated papers, such as those available from Jujo, transparency materials suitable for aqueous inks or ink jet printing processes, or the like.
- a polyester polyurethane resin emulsion was prepared as follows:
- the resulting polyurethane resin emulsion after cooling throughout possessed a weight average molecular weight Mw of 35,000, a number average molecular weight Mn of 16,900, as determined on a Waters GPC and a volume average diameter for the polymer of 450 nanometers as measured by light scattering technique on a Coulter N4 Plus Particle Sizer.
- the polyurethane resin emulsion product was comprised of 41 percent by weight of polyurethane resin, 0.5 percent by weight IGEPAL CO-850TM (nonylphenol ethoxylate), and 58.5 percent by weight of water.
- the polyurethane resin possesed a hydroxyl number of 84 mg KOH/g, an acid number of 35 mg KOH/g, and a viscosity of 810 centipoise at 25° C., as determined by a Brookfield Fluid Rheometer.
- An ink comprised of 3 percent by weight of CABOT IJX56 carbon black obtained from Cabot Corporation, 22 percent by weight of sulfolane (obtained from Bayer), 6 percent by weight of 2-pyrrolidinone, 0.05 percent by weight of polyethyleneoxide (M w 18,500 grams/mole) (obtained from Polysciences), and 1 percent by weight of the polyurethane resin emulsion of Example I (the emulsion was comprised of 41 percent by weight of polyurethane resin, 0.5 percent by weight IGEPAL CO-850 TM (nonylphenol ethoxylate), and 58.5 percent by weight of water) was prepared by dissolution of the polyethyleneoxide in water through simple agitation using a stir bar for about 5 minutes, followed by the addition of sulfolane, 2-pyrrolidinone and the polyurethane resin emulsion.
- This mixture was added to a stirring solution of CABOT IJX56 carbon black.
- the ink mixture was stirred with a stir bar for about 5 to about 10 minutes, and the resulting ink mixture was filtered through a 1 ⁇ m glass fiber filter.
- An ink comprised of 3 percent by weight of CABOT IJX56 carbon black obtained from Cabot Corporation, 22 percent by weight of sulfolane (obtained from Bayer), 6 percent by weight of 2-pyrrolidinone, 0.05 percent by weight of polyethyleneoxide (M w 18,500 grams/mole) (obtained from Polysciences), and 3.5 percent by weight of the polyurethane resin emulsion of Example I (the emulsion was comprised of 41 percent by weight of polyurethane resin, 0.5 percent by weight IGEPAL CO-850TM (nonylphenol ethoxylate), and 58.5 percent by weight of water) was prepared by dissolution of the polyethyleneoxide in water through simple agitation using a stir bar for about 5 minutes, followed by the addition of sulfolane, 2-pyrrolidinone and the polyurethane resin emulsion.
- the ink mixture was added to a stirring solution of CABOT IJX56 carbon black.
- the ink mixture was stirred with a stir bar for about 5 to about 10 minutes, and the resulting ink mixture was filtered through a 1 ⁇ m glass fiber filter.
- a polyester polyurethane resin emulsion was prepared as follows:
- the resulting polyurethane resin after cooling throughout possessed a weight average molecular weight of 39,000, an a number average molecular weight Mn of 18,200, as determined on a Waters GPC, and a volume average diameter for the polymer of 275 nanometers as measured by light scattering technique on a Coulter N4 Plus Particle Sizer.
- the polyurethane resin emulsion product was comprised of 42 percent by weight of polyurethane resin, 0.5 percent by weight IGEPAL CO-850TM (nonylphenol ethoxylate), and 57.5 percent by weight of water.
- the polyurethane resin possessed a hydroxyl number of 79 mg KOH/g, an acid number of 22 mg KOH/g, and a viscosity of 350 centipoise at 25° C., as determined by a Brookfield Fluid Rheometer.
- This mixture was added to a stirring solution of CABOT IJX56 carbon black.
- the ink mixture was stirred with a stir bar for about 5 to about 10 minutes, and the resulting ink mixture was filtered through a 1 ⁇ m glass fiber filter.
- a comparative ink was prepared containing no polyurethane resin emulsion.
- the ink mixture was stirred with a stir bar for about 5 to about 10 minutes, and the resulting ink mixture was filtered through a 1 ⁇ m glass fiber filter.
- the inks exhibit good stability at room temperature and also when subjected to 60° C. heat treatment. (Large changes greater than 0.3 centipoise units for viscosity indicated instability. Other physical properties, such as surface tension or pH, were monitored, and changes of 3 dynes/cm or a change in pH by more than about 0.5 would indicate instability.)
- the inks of these examples did not appear to be affected by the addition of polyurethane resin emulsion in the context of instability due to heat treatment or upon standing.
- the inks were shelf stable with no evidence of settling or precipitates for at least 8 months at about 25° C.
- the substantially constant viscosity, pH, and surface tension is maintained despite stressing the ink by, permitting the ink to remain in a bottle at room temperature, for example about 25° C., then subjecting the ink to heating at about 60° C. (degrees Centigrade) for 24 hours. Under these stress conditions, the viscosity of the ink does not substantially increase or decrease more than about 0.5 cPs (centipoise), the surface tension of the ink does not substantially increase or decrease more than about 1 dyne/cm.)
- the ink physical properties were measured after 60° C. heat treatment. Large changes greater than 0.3 centipoise units for viscosity indicated instability. Other physical properties, such as surface tension or pH, were monitored, and changes of 3 dynes/cm or a change in pH by more than about 0.5 would indicate instability.
- the inks of the invention Examples exhibited higher optical density as compared to the corresponding Comparative Example.
- the smear resistance is evident in the reduction in smear optical density. Printing multiple sheets sequentially avoided page to page contact since the image is unaffected or not transferred to the backside of pages.
- a reduction in smear resistance enables a more rapid handling of documents by customers. Since the wet smear test used water, the inks can be used for highlighters that are water based. Another ink advantage is for highlighter smearing. Fewer smears would enable less transfer when a highlighter pen is drawn across the image, or when liquids are spilled and wiped up.
- the wet smear resistance in Xerox 4024DP and Image series LX papers is significantly improved through the use of the polyurethane resin emulsions.
- the wet smear OD for inks without polyurethane resin emulsion was about from 0.20 to about 0.21.
- the wet smear resistance is significantly improved through the use of the polyurethane resin emulsions as the wet smear OD for inks with polyurethane resin emulsions was about from 0.05 to about 0.08.
Abstract
Description
-
- (a) from about 50 to about 95, and preferably from about 65 to about 90 weight percent of a polyisocyanate; and
- (b) from about 5 to about 45, and preferably from about 5 to about 30 weight percent of a polyisocyanate; and
- (c) from about 1 to about 15, preferably from about 3 to about 10 weight percent of a component for incorporating therein ionic such as anionic or potential anionic groups, and wherein the urethanization reaction is accomplished by heating at temperatures of, for example, about 40 to about 140° C., and preferably from about 65 to about 130° C.
Physical Properties of the Inks and Stability Testing Measured at 25° C. |
60° C./24 Hour | |
Heat Tretment |
Surface | Surface | |||||
Viscosity | Tension | Viscosity | Tension | |||
Example | cPs | D/cm | pH | cPs | D/cm | pH |
IA | 2.10 | 34.6 | 6.57 | 2.01 | 35.3 | 6.40 |
IB | 2.33 | 35.7 | 6.36 | 2.20 | 36.7 | 6.21 |
IIA | 1.95 | 35.1 | 6.52 | 1.89 | 35.9 | 6.42 |
Comparative | 2.12 | 37.3 | 6.48 | 2.08 | 37.9 | 6.38 |
IA | ||||||
Optical Density and Smear Attributes |
Optical Density | Smear OD |
Xerox | Image | Xerox | Image | |
Example | 4024DP | Series LX | 4024DP | Series LX |
IA | 1.43 | 1.46 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
IB | 1.46 | 1.49 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
IIA | 1.42 | 1.48 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
Comparative IA | 1.33 | 1.37 | 0.17 | 0.19 |
Wet Smear OD |
Xerox | Image Series | |
Example | 4024DP | LX |
IA | 0.05 | 0.05 |
IB | 0.04 | 0.03 |
IIA | 0.06 | 0.07 |
Comparative IA | 0.30 | 0.31 |
Claims (41)
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/375,031 USH2113H1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Ink compositions |
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US09/375,031 USH2113H1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Ink compositions |
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USH2113H1 true USH2113H1 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
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ID=33538893
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US09/375,031 Abandoned USH2113H1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 1999-08-16 | Ink compositions |
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US (1) | USH2113H1 (en) |
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