USRE32742E - Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells - Google Patents

Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE32742E
USRE32742E US06/910,290 US91029086A USRE32742E US RE32742 E USRE32742 E US RE32742E US 91029086 A US91029086 A US 91029086A US RE32742 E USRE32742 E US RE32742E
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United States
Prior art keywords
slurry
cement
water
oil
particulate silica
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US06/910,290
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Sigve Skjeldal
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Elkem ASA
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Elkem ASA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/146—Silica fume
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing a cement slurry of low specific weight suitable for use in the cementation of oil-and gas wells. It also relates to the composition of the cement slurry.
  • a cement slurry In the cementation of oil-or gas wells a cement slurry is pumped into the well through a form pipe. The slurry will gradually fill the empty space between the wall of the pipe and the wall of the well.
  • the specific weight of the cement slurry is of the greatest importance in the process of cementation of the well. For instance, in drilling wells through high pressure zones, a cement slurry with a high specific weight is required in order to resist and control the flowing during the cementation process. However, in drilling wells through low pressure zones, as well as zones in which drilling mud may easily penetrate, it is necessary to utilize a cement slurry with a low specific weight.
  • An object of the invention is to produce a cement slurry of low specific weight which is suitable for the cementation of oil and gas wells.
  • the amorphous silica dust are mixed with an API (American Petroleum Institute) approved oil-well cement.
  • the amount of amorphous silica dust (obtained as an emission product) which is to be added is in the range of 1-50% by weight of the dry materials.
  • the emission products comprise amorphous silica in the range of from 82-95% of the total emission product.
  • the amorphous silica particles may comprise at least 82% by weight of SiO 2 , will have a real density of approximately 2.2-2.5 g/cm 2 and will have a specific surface area of 18-22 m 2 /g, the particles being substantially spherical, and wherein at least 60% by weight of the particles have a particle size less than 1 micron. It is, of course, well known that variation of these values is readily possible depending upon the parameters of the electrothermal processing.
  • the amorphous silica dust or the emission products comprising chiefly the amorphous SiO 2 can either be mixed in the dry state with the oil well cement to which there is then added a sufficient quantity of water to obtain a slurry having specific densities in the range of 10-16 lbs./gallon corresponding to 1.19-1.91 kg/dm 3 .
  • the amount of water can be reduced by the addition of dispersion materials.
  • other known concrete additives may also be used as desired.
  • the above described slurry Upon hardening, the above described slurry will provide a tight concrete with few pores and high compression strength.
  • the density is highly important, particularly in offshore operations, in order to prevent the penetration of the oil and gas in one formation into another formation.

Abstract

A cement slurry of low specific density for cementation of oil-and gas wells is produced by mixing oil-well cement with finely divided emission products comprising amorphous silica dust which has been obtained during the electrothermal preparation of ferrosilicon and/or silicon metal, water, and any desirable dispersion components, the emission products being added in an amount in the range of 1-50% of the total weight of dry material. The emission products can either be mixed with the cement while both components are in the dry state whereupon there is added a sufficient quantity of water in order to obtain a desired specific weight of the slurry or first mixed with water and any other desired dispersion components and this slurry is mixed with the oil-well cement.

Description

This is .Iadd.a continuation of application Ser. No. 739,181 filed May 30, 1985, abandoned, which is a reissue of Ser. No. 324,559 filed Nov. 24, 1981 which was .Iaddend.a continuation of application Ser. No. 198,668, filed Oct. 20, 1980, which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 177,872, filed Aug. 14, 1980, both now abandoned.
The invention relates to a method of producing a cement slurry of low specific weight suitable for use in the cementation of oil-and gas wells. It also relates to the composition of the cement slurry.
In the cementation of oil-or gas wells a cement slurry is pumped into the well through a form pipe. The slurry will gradually fill the empty space between the wall of the pipe and the wall of the well. The specific weight of the cement slurry is of the greatest importance in the process of cementation of the well. For instance, in drilling wells through high pressure zones, a cement slurry with a high specific weight is required in order to resist and control the flowing during the cementation process. However, in drilling wells through low pressure zones, as well as zones in which drilling mud may easily penetrate, it is necessary to utilize a cement slurry with a low specific weight. An object of the invention is to produce a cement slurry of low specific weight which is suitable for the cementation of oil and gas wells.
It is known that the specific weight of a cement slurry can be reduced by increasing the amount of water in the slurry. In order to absorb the increased quantity of water, other materials such as bentonite, pozzolan, diatomaceous earth, perlite, water glass and/or gilsonite are added. Of these materials, bentonite is today most frequently used in cement slurries, and usually employed in concentration constituting from 1-12% of the weight of the cement. By addition of 12% bentonite, one will obtain a specific weight of the slurry of 12.6 lbs./gallons corresponding to 15 kg/dm. When using water glass, pozzolan and diatomaceous earth, the relatively high content of silica in these materials will tend to bind that calcium hydroxide which is formed during the hardening of the cement and transform it to a more insoluble and stable component. Therefore, the employment of these materials will result in a relatively higher strength after hardening than is obtained through the use of bentonite.
It has been discovered that finely divided amorphous silica dust which has been obtained as an emission product during the electrothermal preparation of ferrosilicon and/or silicon metal can be used in the cement slurries for cementation of oil-gas wells.
In the method according to the invention, the amorphous silica dust are mixed with an API (American Petroleum Institute) approved oil-well cement. The amount of amorphous silica dust (obtained as an emission product) which is to be added is in the range of 1-50% by weight of the dry materials.
The emission products comprise amorphous silica in the range of from 82-95% of the total emission product. For example, the amorphous silica particles may comprise at least 82% by weight of SiO2, will have a real density of approximately 2.2-2.5 g/cm2 and will have a specific surface area of 18-22 m2 /g, the particles being substantially spherical, and wherein at least 60% by weight of the particles have a particle size less than 1 micron. It is, of course, well known that variation of these values is readily possible depending upon the parameters of the electrothermal processing.
The amorphous silica dust or the emission products comprising chiefly the amorphous SiO2 can either be mixed in the dry state with the oil well cement to which there is then added a sufficient quantity of water to obtain a slurry having specific densities in the range of 10-16 lbs./gallon corresponding to 1.19-1.91 kg/dm3. As is known, the amount of water can be reduced by the addition of dispersion materials. Of course, other known concrete additives may also be used as desired.
It will be appreciated that it is also possible to produce a slurry of the emission products and any dispersion components and to deliver this product as a slurry to a site where it will be mixed with the oil well cement. The ratio of mixture in this case and the specific weight will remain the same as when the emission products are mixed with the cement in the dry state.
By mixing a ratio of amorphous silica dust/cement of 33:67, there may be obtained specific weights in the range of 11.5-15.5 lbs./gallon corresponding to 1.37-1.85 kg/dm3 and a compressive strength of 3890 psi corresponding to 27.3 kg/cm2 with dispersion components and 440 psi corresponding to 30.93 kg/cm2 without additives. The compressive strength here referred to are obtained after 24 hours at 95° F. corresponding to 35° C. at atmospheric pressure. For instance, the addition of a quantity of water amounting to 92.7% of weight of the mixture will give a specific weight of the slurry of 12.6 lbs/gallon corresponding to 15 kg/dm2. If a higher specific density is desired a dispersion component must be added.
Upon hardening, the above described slurry will provide a tight concrete with few pores and high compression strength. The density is highly important, particularly in offshore operations, in order to prevent the penetration of the oil and gas in one formation into another formation.

Claims (6)

What is claimed is:
1. The improved method of cementing the space between the interior wall of a well and the exterior wall of an internal tube therein with a low-density pumpable slurry of cement used in oil and gas well exploration which comprises the steps of:
(a) mixing an oil and gas well cement with water and particulate silica formed by precipitating the fumes generated by an electrometallurgical smelting furnace for producing silicon or ferrosilicon, said particulate silica having a surface area from about 18 to about 22 m2 per gram, the proportion of said particulate silica to cement in said slurry being about one part of silica for each two parts of cement;
(b) adjusting the density of said slurry by adding sufficient water to provide a low density pumpable aqueous slurry of not over about 12.6 pounds per gallon; and
(c) pumping said slurry into the space between said tube and interior wall of the well for cementation thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the particulate silica and cement are mixed in a dry state followed by addition of water to form the low density slurry.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein dispersion components .[.chosen from the group consisting of bentonite, pozzolan, diatomaceous earth, perlite, water glass and gilsonite.]. are added to vary the density of said slurry from about 11.5 to about 15.5 pounds per gallon.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein an aqueous slurry comprising the said silica and water is formed and thereafter the resulting silica slurry is mixed with said oil and gas well cement. .Iadd.
5. The improved method of cementing the space between the interior wall of a well and the exterior wall of an internal tube therein with a low-density pumpable slurry of cement used in oil and gas well exploration which comprises the steps of:
(a) mixing an oil and gas well cement with water and amorphous particulate silica dust formed by precipitating the fumes generated by an electrometallurgical smelting furnace for producing silicon or ferrosilicon, said amorphous particulate silica dust being about 82 to about 95% silica particulate, said silica particulate having a surface area from about 18 to about 22 m2 per gram, and a real density of about 2.2 to about 2.25 gram per cm3, the proportion of said particulate silica dust to cement in said slurry being from about 1 to about 50% of the total weight of the dry material;
(b) adjusting the density of said slurry by adding sufficient water to provide a low density pumpable aqueous slurry of between about 11.5 and about 15.5 pounds per gallon; and
(c) pumping said slurry into the space between said tube and the interior wall of the well for cementation thereof. .Iaddend. .Iadd.
6. The improved method of cementing the space between the interior wall of a well and the exterior wall of an internal tube therein with a low density pumpable cement slurry consisting essentially of: oil and gas well cement; water and amorphous particulate silica dust formed by precipitating the fume generated by an electrometallugical smelting furnace for producing silicon or ferrosilicon, said amorphous particulate silica dust having a surface area from about 18 to about 22 m2 per gram, and a real density of about 2.2 to about 2.25 grams per cm3 ; said improved method comprising the steps of:
(a) mixing said oil and gas well cement with water and said amorphous particulate silica dust, the proportion of said particulate silica dust to cement in said slurry being from about 1 to about 50% of the total weight of dry material;
(b) adjusting the density of said slurry by adding sufficient water to provide a low density, pumpable, aqueous slurry of between about 11.5 and about 15.5 pounds per gallon; and
(c) pumping said slurry into the space between said tube and the interior wall of the well for cementation thereof. .Iaddend. .Iadd.7. The method of claim 6 wherein said amorphous particulate silica dust and cement are mixed in a dry state followed by addition of water to form the low density slurry. .Iaddend. .Iadd.8. The method of claim 6 wherein said amorphous particulate silica dust and water are mixed to form an aqueous slurry and thereafter the resulting aqueous slurry is mixed with said oil and gas well cement. .Iaddend. .Iadd.9. The method of claim 6 wherein a dispersion component is mixed with said oil and gas well cement, water and said amorphous particulate silica dust. .Iaddend.
US06/910,290 1979-08-16 1986-09-17 Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells Expired - Lifetime USRE32742E (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO792673 1979-08-16
NO792673A NO148995C (en) 1979-08-16 1979-08-16 PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CEMENTS LURRY WITH LOW WEIGHT FOR USE BY CEMENTATION OF OIL AND GAS BURNS.

Related Parent Applications (2)

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US06/324,559 Reissue US4385935A (en) 1979-08-16 1981-11-24 Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells
US06739181 Continuation 1985-05-30

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USRE32742E true USRE32742E (en) 1988-09-06

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US06/324,559 Ceased US4385935A (en) 1979-08-16 1981-11-24 Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells
US06/910,290 Expired - Lifetime USRE32742E (en) 1979-08-16 1986-09-17 Method of producing light weight cement for use of cementation of oil and gas wells

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CA (1) CA1140324A (en)
FR (1) FR2463104B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2056964B (en)
NL (1) NL183027C (en)
NO (1) NO148995C (en)

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US5327968A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-07-12 Halliburton Company Utilizing drilling fluid in well cementing operations
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US20060175060A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Servicing a wellbore with wellbore fluids comprising perlite
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US7748453B2 (en) 2005-02-09 2010-07-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Servicing a wellbore with wellbore fluids comprising perlite
US7559369B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2009-07-14 Halliubrton Energy Services, Inc. Well treatment composition and methods utilizing nano-particles
US8598093B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2013-12-03 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising latex and a nano-particle
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US7784542B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2010-08-31 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising latex and a nano-particle and associated methods
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US9512352B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2016-12-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Well treatment fluids and methods utilizing nano-particles
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US8157009B2 (en) 2009-09-03 2012-04-17 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Cement compositions and associated methods comprising sub-micron calcium carbonate and latex
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GB2056964A (en) 1981-03-25
CA1140324A (en) 1983-02-01
FR2463104A1 (en) 1981-02-20
NL8004155A (en) 1981-02-18
US4385935A (en) 1983-05-31
NL183027C (en) 1988-07-01
NO148995C (en) 1986-06-12
NO148995B (en) 1983-10-17
FR2463104B1 (en) 1986-05-16
NO792673L (en) 1981-02-17
NL183027B (en) 1988-02-01
GB2056964B (en) 1983-04-07

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