USRE39080E1 - Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder - Google Patents
Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE39080E1 USRE39080E1 US10/218,232 US21823202A USRE39080E US RE39080 E1 USRE39080 E1 US RE39080E1 US 21823202 A US21823202 A US 21823202A US RE39080 E USRE39080 E US RE39080E
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/66—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission
- H04B1/665—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission using psychoacoustic properties of the ear, e.g. masking effect
Abstract
Description
where k=1,3,5, . . . ,2N, and fN equals one half the sampling rate. The
The procedure need run k only to N, not 2N, because of redundancy in the result. To wit, for N<k≦2N:
X(k)=−X(2N−k).
M×2×4×N
where 2 is the number of consecutive sets of vectors, 4 is the number of vectors in a set, N is the number of elements in an MDCT vector, and M is the number of bits used to represent an MDCT vector element.
where bark is the frequency in Bark scale. The scale is related to what we may call the cochlear filters or critical bands which, in turn, are identified with constant length segments of the basilar membrane. The final threshold is adjusted to consider absolute thresholds of masking and also to consider a partial premasking protection.
-
- ω→indicates that the calculation is indexed by frequency in the MDCT line domain.
- b→indicates that the calculation is indexed in the threshold calculation partition domain. In the case where we do a convolution or sum in that domain, bb will be used as the summation variable.
- n→indicates that the calculation is indexed in the coder band domain.
-
- 1. The index of the calculation partition, b.
- 2. The lowest frequency line in the partition, ωlowb.
- 3. The highest frequency line in the partition, ωhighb.
- 4. The median bark value of the partition, bvalb.
- 5. The value for tone masking noise (in dB) for the partition, TMNb.
- 6. The value for noise masking tone (in dB) for the partition, NMTb.
tmpx=1.05(j−i),
Where i is the bark value of the signal being spread, j the bark value of the band being spread into, and tmpx is a temporary variable.
x=8minimum((tmpx−0.5)2−2(tmpx−0.5),0)
Where x is a temporary variable, and minimum(a,b) is a function returning the more negative of a or b.
tmpy=15.811389+7.5(tmpx+0.474)−17.5(1.+(tmpx+0.474)2)0.5
where tmpy is another temporary variable.
Steps in Threshold Calculation
-
- 1.
Concatenate 512 new samples of the input signal to from another 1024 samples segment. Please refer to FIG. 5a. - 2. Calculate the complex spectrum of the input signal using the O-FFT as described in 2.0 and using a sine window.
- 3. Calculate a predicted r and φ.
- 1.
{circumflex over (r)}ω=2r107(t−1)−rω(t−2)
{circumflex over (φ)}ω=2φ107(t−1)−φω(t−2)
where t represents the current block number, t−1 indexes the previous block's data, and t−2 indexes the data from the threshold calculation block before that,
-
- 4. Calculate the unpredictability measure cω cω, the unpredictability measure, is:
- 5. Calculate the energy and unpredictability in the threshold calculation partitions.
- 4. Calculate the unpredictability measure cω cω, the unpredictability measure, is:
and the weighted unpredictability, cb, is:
-
- 6. Convolve the partitioned energy and unpredictability with the spreading function.
- 6. Convolve the partitioned energy and unpredictability with the spreading function.
At the same time, due to the non-normalized nature of the spreading function, ecbb should be renormalized and the normalized energy enb, calculated.
-
- 7. Convert cbb to tbb.
tbb=−0.299−0.43 loga(cbb) - Each tbb is limited to the range of 0≦tbb≦1.
- 8. Calculate the required SNR in each partition.
- 7. Convert cbb to tbb.
SNRb=tbbTMNb+(1−tbb)NMTb
-
- 9. Calculate the power ratio.
-
- 10. Calculation of actual energy threshold, nbb.
nbb=enbbcb - 11. Spread the threshold energy over MDCT lines, yielding nbω
- 12. Include absolute thresholds, yielding the final energy threshold of audibility, thrω
thrωmax(nbωabsthrω).
- 10. Calculation of actual energy threshold, nbb.
-
- 13. Pre-echo control
- 14. Calculate the signal to mask ratios, SMRn.
-
- 1. The index, n, of the band.
- 2. The upper index, ωhighn of the band n. The lower index, ωlown, is computed from the previous band as ωhighn-1+1.
bvalωhigh
bandlength is a parameter set in the initialization routine. Otherwise the latter case is assumed.
else,
nbandn=minimum(thrωlow
where i is the partition index of the spectrum (see [7]), and b(i) is the bark frequency of the center of the partition i. This expression is only valid for b(i)≦16.0 i.e. for frequencies below 3 KHz. The expression for the MLD threshold is given by:
-
- 1. If there is a strong depression of the signal (and hence of the noise) on both sides of the listener, then an increase of the noise on the middle line (center image) is perceptually tolerated. The upper bound is the side noise.
- 2. If there is a strong localization of the signal (and hence of the noise) on the middle line, then an increase of the (correlated) noise on both sides is perceptually tolerated. The upper bound is the center noise.
The MLD protection and the stereo irrelevance are considered by computing:
nthrSUM=MAX[THRnSUM, MIN(THRnDIF, THRnMLD,DIF)]
nthrDIF=MAX[THRnDIF, MIN(THRnSUM, THRnMLD,SUM)]
An “absolute scale factor”, ΔA, is also calculated based upon the absolute threshold of hearing (i.e., the quietest sound that can be heard at the frequency corresponding to the scale factor). Advantageously, an interpolation constant, α, and interpolation bounds αhigh and αlow are initialized to aid in the adjustment of the utilized scale factor.
-
- αhigh=1
- αlow=0
- α=αhigh
Δ=Δo α×ΔA (1-alpha)
Δ=Q−1(Q(Δ))
where “NINT” is the nearest integer function. Because quantizer/
C=FOO(Q(Cy, Δ), Q(Δ))
where FOO is a function which, depending on the specific embodiment, can be easily determined by persons having ordinary skill in the art of data communications. As shown in 1313, the cost, C is tested to determine whether it is in a permissible range PR. When the cost is within the permissible range, Q (Cy, Δ) and Q(Δ) are transmitted to
when C>PR, αhigh=α,
alternately,
when C<PR, αlow=α.
In either case, a new interpolation constant is calculated by:
The process then continues at 1305 iteratively until the C comes within the permissible range PR.
STEREOPHONIC DECODER
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/218,232 USRE39080E1 (en) | 1988-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
US11/248,622 USRE40280E1 (en) | 1988-12-30 | 2005-10-12 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29259888A | 1988-12-30 | 1988-12-30 | |
US84496792A | 1992-02-28 | 1992-02-28 | |
US84481192A | 1992-03-02 | 1992-03-02 | |
US08/310,898 US5627938A (en) | 1992-03-02 | 1994-09-22 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
US10/218,232 USRE39080E1 (en) | 1988-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US84481192A Continuation | 1988-12-30 | 1992-03-02 | |
US08/310,898 Reissue US5627938A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1994-09-22 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
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US08/310,898 Continuation US5627938A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1994-09-22 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
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USRE39080E1 true USRE39080E1 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/310,898 Ceased US5627938A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1994-09-22 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
US10/218,232 Expired - Lifetime USRE39080E1 (en) | 1988-12-30 | 2002-08-13 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
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US08/310,898 Ceased US5627938A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1994-09-22 | Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder |
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US (2) | US5627938A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0559348A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3263168B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR970007663B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2090160C (en) |
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Also Published As
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EP0559348A3 (en) | 1993-11-03 |
JPH0651795A (en) | 1994-02-25 |
KR930020412A (en) | 1993-10-19 |
CA2090160A1 (en) | 1993-09-03 |
EP0559348A2 (en) | 1993-09-08 |
KR970007663B1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
JP3263168B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
CA2090160C (en) | 1998-10-06 |
US5627938A (en) | 1997-05-06 |
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