USRE42671E1 - Tracking system for locational tracking of monitored persons - Google Patents
Tracking system for locational tracking of monitored persons Download PDFInfo
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- USRE42671E1 USRE42671E1 US11/806,841 US80684107A USRE42671E US RE42671 E1 USRE42671 E1 US RE42671E1 US 80684107 A US80684107 A US 80684107A US RE42671 E USRE42671 E US RE42671E
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- portable monitoring
- monitoring device
- tracking system
- person
- monitored
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
- G08B21/22—Status alarms responsive to presence or absence of persons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
- A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1112—Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/7465—Arrangements for interactive communication between patient and care services, e.g. by using a telephone network
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2503/08—Elderly
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- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
- A61B2560/0443—Modular apparatus
- A61B2560/045—Modular apparatus with a separable interface unit, e.g. for communication
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
- A61B5/02055—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
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- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
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- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
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- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
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- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
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- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6822—Neck
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6825—Hand
- A61B5/6826—Finger
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6829—Foot or ankle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
- G08B21/0205—Specific application combined with child monitoring using a transmitter-receiver system
- G08B21/0211—Combination with medical sensor, e.g. for measuring heart rate, temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
- G08B21/0227—System arrangements with a plurality of child units
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
- G08B21/0286—Tampering or removal detection of the child unit from child or article
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/0202—Child monitoring systems using a transmitter-receiver system carried by the parent and the child
- G08B21/0288—Attachment of child unit to child/article
Definitions
- bodily signals which may be detected and measured by equipment. Examples of these bodily signals include blood pressure, heart beat rate, respiration rate, body temperature, blood oxygen level and blood alcohol level. Such bodily signals may be measured to determine a specific base line measurement for a respective person. Such base line measurements may then be redefined, if desired, on a periodic basis. Certain bodily functions, and therefore measurements taken thereof, vary depending upon the activity engaged in at the time of measurement. Therefore, such measurements will involuntarily change when the individual is engaging in activities which are generally prohibited to the population or specifically prohibited to the individual. The mere fact that a specific individual is aware that monitoring is occurring will tend to dissuade the individual from engaging in prohibited behavior.
- site confinement a common type of monitoring system
- means are provided within the respective system to indicate that a respective individual has violated boundaries of their respective site.
- Several of these systems include means to detect tampering with various elements of the system.
- the most common type of such a site confinement system comprises three devices being a central processing unit, at least one transportable device and at least one base unit.
- the transportable device which securely attaches to the individual being confined, comprises communication means to communicate with the base unit.
- the base unit which is positioned within the boundaries of the confinement site, comprises two types of communication means. The first of the communication means allows the base unit to communicate with the transportable device. The second of the communication means allows the base unit to communicate with the central processing unit. Generally, this communication is over a ground based telephone system.
- the base unit utilizing the second communication means, communicates with the central processing unit to notify an oversight authority of a possible violation of the confinement by the individual.
- such systems have a general deficiency in that they are bound to a single designated site location.
- Several systems have been proposed which allow for a wider tracking of individuals.
- a first embodiment of a system has a portable monitoring device for each of the monitored persons, means to acquire a transmission, means to create a bodily signal reference indicative of a physiological sign of the monitored person and means to store within a database a series of the bodily signal references.
- Each of the portable monitoring devices further has means to provide for attachment to the respective monitored person, means for detecting a bodily signal produced by the monitored person and means for transmitting a signal.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of another embodiment of the monitoring system.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the monitoring system.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a block with various bodily signal references and associated occurrence references therein.
- FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b are perspective views of a portion of an embodiment of a portable monitoring device in alternative operational positions.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a portable monitoring device.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a portable monitoring device.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of a bodily signal conditional database and a comparative bodily signal reference.
- FIG. 15 is a plan view of a bodily signal conditional database and a comparative bodily signal reference.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view of a bodily signal conditional database.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of a positional conditional database.
- FIG. 18 is a plan view of a positional conditional database.
- FIG. 19a and FIG. 19b are plan views of a block in various alternative orientations.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view of an intersection of two streets and a comparative location reference.
- FIG. 1 depicts a portable monitoring device 30 , a central location 32 , a transmission tower 34 and a receiving tower 36 forming a monitoring system 38 .
- a central location or locations, which will receive communication from and/or send communication to at least select deployed components of any specific deployed system. This communication will be specific to the overall configuration of the specific deployed system. Generally, the central location will; receive communication from deployed components and/or send communication to deployed components and/or store information and/or perform computational calculations on information and/or allow access to information by supervisory personnel. While the central location may be dedicated to a monitoring of a system of the present invention it is possible that the central location may be non-dedicated, or have a primary purpose other than monitoring the system of the present invention. Examples of such non-dedicated central locations include public and private institutions such as police stations, fire department stations, existing burglar alarm monitoring locations, hospitals, retirement homes, nursing homes or schools.
- FIG. 1 depicts central location 32 housing various equipment, more fully described elsewhere herein, of monitoring system 38 having features of the present invention. Supervisory personnel, not shown, would have access to exert control over, or otherwise interface with, monitoring system 38 at central location 32 .
- a method exist to provide for making a determination of a location of at least select members of the portable monitoring devices attached to respective monitored persons.
- a signal, or signals must be produced by at least one detached sending unit.
- This signal, or signals is subsequently received by at least one other component of the system wherein an eventuation is made to provide for a determination of the location of a respective portable monitoring device attached to a respective monitored person.
- the detached sending units may be fixed ground based, moveable ground based, orbital or a combination thereof.
- FIG. 1 depicts transmission tower 34 , being an example of a detached sending unit, and capable of broadcasting a signal 40 for subsequent reception by a reception antenna 42 of portable monitoring device 30 .
- Transmission tower 34 may receive a signal from central location 32 through a coupling 44 which is broadcast by transmission tower 34 as signal 40 .
- FIG. 4 depicts central location 32 , transmission tower 34 , a portable monitoring device 46 , a secondary transportable device 48 and receiving tower 36 forming a monitoring system 50 .
- both secondary transportable device 48 and transmission tower 34 are considered to be detached sending units.
- the central location(s) be capable of communicating with respective portable monitoring devices.
- This communication may be either from the central location to respective portable monitoring devices, from respective portable monitoring devices to the central location or both.
- such communication involves wireless communication utilizing either a ground based system or an orbital system or both.
- Many such systems are conventionally known in the art and many of these systems may be utilized for the present invention. Additionally, for the sake of economics, it is desirable to have such communication transfers utilize, at least partially, existing ground based communication systems as exampled by phone lines.
- a portable monitoring device be provided for each monitored person. It is a strong desire that the portable monitoring device comprise; means to attach the portable monitoring device to the monitored person and control means. In certain deployments the portable monitoring device will further comprises additional features in various combinations. Three of these features comprise; means to detect tampering with the portable monitoring device, means to receive a signal and means to send a signal.
- a combination of a portable monitoring device as defined above and a secondary transportable device In such a combination certain functions may be performed by the secondary transportable device thus eliminating the requirement of providing structures on or in the portable monitoring device to perform those functions. This provides for a reduction in the required weight of the portable monitoring device, which must be attached to the monitored person, without loss of the otherwise desired function.
- One example of such a combination provides for structures to provide for short range communication between the portable monitoring device and the secondary transportable device while providing bulkier structures on the secondary transportable device to provide for transmission of a signal for eventual transfer to the central location.
- the means to secure may involve surrounding engagement of a portion of the body of the monitored person or may involve implantation.
- the preferred method of securement is the surrounding engagement method.
- the most obvious attachment locations for such attachment being around a wrist, around an arm, around an ankle, around a leg, around the chest, around the waist or around the neck. Implantation is possible, though less desirable due to power supply requirements.
- FIG. 2 depicts band 56 having a severing detection device 66 contained therein.
- Severing detection device 66 contained within band 56 , connects, at opposing end thereof, to housing 54 .
- equipment, not shown, contained in portable monitoring device 30 is capable of determining and reporting if any deviation in power through severing detection device 66 is detected. This prevents bypassing power transfer along severing detection device 66 while allowing for the severing of severing detection device 66 .
- Similar equipment conventionally known and not shown, allows for a detection of tampering with housing 54 or any other component of portable monitoring device 30 .
- a stationary device which would cooperate with the portable monitoring device attached to the monitored person. This is particularly desirable where the monitored person is restricted to remain in a stationary location during the period of time of monitoring.
- a secondary transportable device which would cooperate with the portable monitoring device attached to the monitored person. This is particularly desirable where the monitored person will predominately be in stationary locations for extended periods of time.
- Monitoring system 50 has many of the required features as well as many optional features.
- FIG. 4 depicts monitoring system 50 comprising secondary transportable device 48 and portable monitoring device 46 .
- Portable monitoring device 46 is securable to a monitored person, not shown in this view, and therefore is free moving with the monitored person.
- Secondary transportable device 48 is shown as being moveable by the monitored person using a handle 68 .
- the monitored person would be required to remain within a predetermined communication range from secondary transportable device 48 wherein portable monitoring device 46 , attached to the monitored person, and secondary transportable device 48 could communicate. This would allow the monitored person to have a free range zone about secondary transportable device 48 within which the monitored person could move. When the monitored person desires to moves beyond that range the monitored person would be required to move secondary transportable device 48 .
- This arrangement affords the monitored person complete mobility while requiring that a minimum amount of equipment be secured to the monitored person.
- Secondary transportable device 48 has a long range reception antenna 70 , a long range transmission antenna 72 , a short range transmission antenna 74 and a short range reception antenna 76 .
- Portable monitoring device 46 has the previously disclosed securing means and tamper detection means. Additionally, portable monitoring device 46 further comprises a short range reception antenna 78 and a short range transmission antenna 80 .
- Short range transmision antenna 74 of secondary transportable device 48 is capable of broadcasting a signal 82 which is received by short range reception antenna 78 of portable monitoring device 46 .
- Short range transmission antenna 80 of portable monitoring device 46 is capable of broadcasting a signal 84 which is received by short range reception antenna 76 of secondary transportable device 48 . This provides for communication between secondary transportable device 48 and portable monitoring device 46 while within the free range zone.
- FIG. 6 depicts a stationary device 88 and portable monitoring device 46 , (as depicted in FIG. 4 ).
- Stationary device 88 would have a permanent power supply as exampled by connection of a power plug 90 to a standard wall outlet, not shown.
- Stationary device 88 further comprises a ground based connection to a communication system as exampled by connection of a phone line 92 to a wall jack, not shown. This arrangement provides for ready communication with central location, not shown in this view, while eliminating the requirement of providing a transportable power supply to that equipment contained within and about stationary device 88 .
- Stationary device 88 further comprises a short range transmission antenna 94 and a short range reception antenna 96 to provide for communication with portable monitoring device 46 . This arrangement is ideal where the other features of the present invention are desired and where the monitored person is otherwise limited in their mobility.
- FIG. 6 depicts phone line 92 of stationary device 88 capable of receiving a signal from other components of the system, not shown in this view.
- FIG. 6 also depicts short range reception antenna 78 of portable monitoring device 46 capable of receiving a signal 112 from short range transmission antenna 94 of stationary device 88 .
- FIG. 3 also depicts a transmission tower 113 linked to computer 168 by a coupling 114 .
- Ground based transmission tower 113 is capable of producing a signal 115 for subsequent reception by reception antenna 98 of portable monitoring device 176 .
- position reference 244 may be a more precise reference than the precision of the reference obtainable only with space generated signals 100 , 102 or 104 .
- FIG. 1 depicts a transmit antenna 116 contained within portable monitoring device 30 .
- Transmit antenna 116 is capable of broadcasting a signal 117 which is received by receiving tower 36 which, in turn, transfers such signal to central location 32 .
- temporal marking refers to marking, or providing a distinct reference, of when in time an event occurred, within at least a range of time references. It is possible to provide for a temporal marking, or time measurement marking, of each reference utilizing equipment on the portable monitoring device contemporaneously with receipt of the signal(s) upon which the reference is based. Alternatively, it is possible to provide for creation of the temporal marking at the time of receipt at the central location.
- FIG. 9b depicts a data block 204 comprised of a series of three (3) bodily signal references 206 , 208 and 210 containing data indicative of heart beat rate readings for a monitored person, not shown.
- FIG. 9d depicts a data block 220 comprised of a series of three (3) bodily signal references 222 , 224 and 226 containing data indicative of bodily temperature readings for a monitored person, not shown.
- FIG. 3 depicts satellite 106 , satellite 108 and satellite 110 which each routinely generate signals 100 , 102 and 104 respectively.
- Reception antenna 98 of portable monitoring device 176 receives such signals 100 , 102 and 104 .
- Portable monitoring device 176 may then transfer such signals, using transmit antenna 174 , within signal 172 , along with any distinct signal(s) created within portable monitoring device 176 which may be required to computate a position reference 244 , to receiving tower 36 .
- portable monitoring device 176 may perform the required mathematical computations and transfer signal 172 containing position reference 244 .
- FIG. 4 depicts secondary transportable device 48 and portable monitoring device 46 .
- Secondary transportable device 48 contains structures, as disclosed above, which enable a determination of a position reference 246 indicative of its positional location.
- Secondary transportable device 48 further contains a first locational device 248 while portable monitoring device 46 contains a second locational device 250 .
- First locational device 248 and second locational device 250 provide for a determination of a general directional indication and a general spacing indication wherein a positional location 252 of portable monitoring device 46 may be made relative to position reference 246 of secondary transportable device 48 .
- a position reference 254 within a reasonable variation
- each position reference as exampled by a set of coordinates.
- These coordinate references are those based upon a set of latitude, in degrees to a desired degree of precision, and longitude, in degrees to a desired degree of precision, references.
- Another example of these coordinate references include those based upon a set of distance, in any conventional measurement distance, and angular orientation, as exampled by degrees, references from a fixed position reference.
- FIG. 10 depicts a database 256 having a series of coordinates 258 , 260 , 262 and 264 .
- Coordinate 258 comprises a longitudinal reference 266 and a latitude reference 268 which identifies a unique locational position.
- Coordinate 260 comprises a longitudinal reference 270 and a latitude reference 272 which identifies a unique locational position.
- Coordinate 262 comprises a longitudinal reference 274 and a latitude reference 276 which identifies a unique locational position.
- Coordinate 264 comprises a longitudinal reference 278 and a latitude reference 280 which identifies a unique locational position.
- Various methods may be utilized to create the various coordinates 258 , 260 , 262 and 264 .
- Such mechanical interventions may involve administration of a medicine or introduction of a physical action which act as a deterrent to discourage continuation of the definable course of action.
- Such medications include those which act to partially sedate or to completely incapacitate the monitored person.
- One example of such physical action involves introduction of an electrical shock to the monitored person.
- intervention means When intervention means are provided it is a requirement that structures be positioned upon the monitored person. This will involve placement upon the portable monitoring device or upon a secondary device similarly attached to the monitored person. Typically this will require surrounding engagement of the monitored person. This may involve placement at a wrist, arm, leg, ankle, neck, chest, waist or other suitable portion of the body. Alternatively, implantation may be employed for at least a portion of the device under the skin of the person.
- intervention means When intervention means are included it is a requirement that structures be present to provide for activation of the intervention means. This activation may be provided without additional communication beyond that within the device attached to the monitored person. Alternatively, this activation may be provided based upon reception of a signal by the device attached to the monitored person from an outside location such as from the central location.
- FIG. 11 depicts a portable monitoring device 282 having a medication container 284 having a medication, not shown, contained therein.
- the medication may have a composition which provides for entry into the monitored person by absorption through the skin or which requires injection through the skin.
- a control device 286 provides for activation of a delivery system 288 when it is required that the medication be introduced into the monitored person.
- Delivery system 288 provides for micro needles 290 , as conventionally known in the art, to be deployed for injection of the medication into the monitored person. Alternatively, a conventional injection needle may be so deployed to provide for entry of the medication.
- delivery system 288 may release, as exampled by spraying, the medication of a absorbent type onto the skin of the monitored person where the medication may be absorbed for entry into the monitored person.
- FIG. 12 depicts a portable monitoring device 292 having a control device 294 and a delivery system 296 .
- Control device 294 may cause activation of delivery system 296 wherein a high voltage electrical shock, as conventionally known in the art, from a power supply 298 may be delivered to the monitored person via a first electrode 300 and a second electrode 302 .
- Various specific tamper detection methods may be employed to prevent tampering with applicable portable monitoring devices where such tampering is intended to prevent introduction of the medication or the electrical shock to the monitored person.
- an active intervention by a device located on the restrictee portable monitoring device is particularly applicable to the dual tracking system.
- One example involves when the restrictee person enters a predefined perimeter around the restrictor person, and when there is a prior conclusion reached by proper authorities that the restrictee person poses a physical threat to the restrictor person, the portable monitoring device may be activated to disable the restrictee person using any of the method conventionally known in the art.
- One example of a method of disabling the restrictee person would be through injection of a tranquilizer.
- Another example would be to stun the restrictee person with a high voltage charge.
- FIG. 13a through FIG. 13c depict a restrictee person 304 and a restrictor person 306 within a block 308 .
- Restrictee person 304 has attached thereon a restrictee portable monitoring device 310 .
- Restrictor person 306 carries with them a restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- a first perimeter 314 radially surrounds restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- a second perimeter 316 being smaller than first perimeter 314 , radially surrounds restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- Perimeters 314 and 316 are variable and move with restrictor portable monitoring device 312 as restrictor person 306 carries it about block 308 .
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are outside of both first perimeter 314 and second perimeter 316 . In this instance no activation of the intervention means is performed.
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are inside of the first perimeter 314 while outside of second perimeter 316 .
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are inside of both first perimeter 314 and second perimeter 316 and an intervention is activated to disable restrictee person 304 .
- conditional references created for each applicable respective monitored person being monitored. These conditional references would include a set of references, either inclusive or exclusive, which would provide for a comparison to determine if the respective monitored person was outside of an acceptable range for the particular bodily signal, or signals, being monitored. Such a database could be used to identify unacceptable conduct or to identify potentially dangerous medical conditions.
- FIG. 14 depicts a bodily signal conditional database 318 having a baseline measurement 320 for a specific bodily function.
- a comparative bodily signal reference 322 may be compared to baseline measurement 320 utilizing a mathematical computation which would establish an acceptable range to determine if the comparative bodily signal reference 322 s within the range, or acceptable, or outside of the range, or unacceptable.
- a bodily signal conditional database 324 as depicted in FIG. 15 may have multiple comparative references specific to the bodily function being monitored.
- a dangerous lower range 326 , a warning lower range 328 , a warning upper range 330 and a dangerous upper range 332 may be defined within bodily signal conditional database 324 . If comparative bodily signal reference 322 reaches, or passes, either warning lower range 328 or warning upper range 330 a first signal would be produced for subsequent action by the overall system. If comparative bodily signal reference 322 subsequently reaches, or passes, either dangerous lower range 326 or dangerous upper range 332 a second signal would be produced for subsequent action by the overall system.
- the bodily signal conditional database could be identical for all monitored persons, could be specific to the monitored person or could be based on specific characteristics of the monitored person as exampled by age, weight, sex, other factors or any desired combination thereof.
- conditional references would include a set of references, either inclusive or exclusive, which would provide for a comparison to determine if the respective monitored person was either inside of an allowable roaming area or outside of an excluded roaming area, or areas, for the respective monitored person.
- FIG. 17 depicts a positional conditional database 334 having a reference 336 .
- a specific position reference disclosed elsewhere herein, may be compared to reference 336 utilizing a mathematical computation which would establish if the comparative position reference was acceptable or unacceptable in comparison to reference 336 .
- the mathematical computation may define complex perimeters relative to reference 336 or may define a radial perimeter thereabout.
- FIG. 18 depicts a positional conditional database 338 having a first series of references 340 and a second series of references 342 .
- Each series of references 340 or 342 define included locations where presence is allowed, excluded locations where presence is not allowed or a combination thereof.
- Positional conditional database 338 may have any desired number of such series as required to adequately define included locations, excluded locations or a combination thereof.
- a specific position reference, disclosed elsewhere herein, may be compared to series of references 340 or 342 utilizing a mathematical computation which would establish if the comparative position reference was acceptable or unacceptable in comparison to the series of references.
- FIG. 19a and FIG. 19b depict a position reference 344 and a position reference 346 respectively.
- Position reference 344 is received by central location 32 subsequent to transmission by portable monitoring device 30 , more fully described elsewhere herein.
- Position reference 344 a numeric value defines a location reference 348 is substantially identical to placement of portable monitoring device 30 .
- An excluded site 350 is defined by four (4) references 352 , 354 , 356 and 358 of first series of references 340 , sec FIG. 18 , which are positioned at each comer thereof. It being understood that a computer program, as programmable using methods conventionally known in the art, may be created which is capable of defining a boundary 360 based on references 352 , 354 , 356 and 358 .
- Boundary 360 extends around excluded site 350 .
- the program could also be programed to determine if any specific position reference is inside of boundary 360 .
- FIG. 19a depicts position reference 344 outside of excluded site 350 . In this instance the program would not indicate, or otherwise report, a violation of excluded site 350 .
- FIG. 19b depicts position reference 346 positioned within excluded site 350 . In this instance the program would indicate, and report, a violation of excluded site 350 by portable monitoring device 30 .
- the first mode is real time comparison and the second is historic comparison.
- the real time comparison involves comparison of the reference to the applicable bodily signal conditional database or positional conditional database or, in the case of positional determination, proximity to other variable position references. (The term real time comparison is not meant to convey simultaneous comparison, but rather may have the actual comparison occurring at a slightly later time.)
- the historic comparison involves comparison of the applicable reference, either bodily function or positional, to a later defined set of comparative data. It is possible to provide for such comparison of data to the respective references to be employed as evidence during a legal proceeding, either a criminal proceeding or a civil proceeding.
- the comparison may be made directly within the portable monitoring device by having the respective conditional database contained therein. Alternatively, the comparison may be made at the central location by having the respective conditional database stored thereat.
- Comparison of the bodily signal references against the bodily signal conditional database for a respective portable monitoring device may occur immediately subsequent to creation thereof, either within the portable monitoring device or when received by the central location. Comparison of the position references against the positional conditional database for a respective portable monitoring device may occur immediately subsequent to creation thereof, either within the portable monitoring device or when received by the central location. (In certain situations it is not a requirement that all deployed portable monitoring device have securing means or tamper detection means, as more fully described herein.)
- FIG. 19a and FIG. 19b depict position reference 344 and position reference 346 respectively.
- Position reference 344 is received by central location 32 subsequent to transmission by portable monitoring device 30 , more fully described elsewhere herein.
- Position reference 344 a numeric value defines location reference 348 is substantially identical to placement of portable monitoring device 30 .
- Excluded site 350 is defined by four (4) references 352 , 354 , 356 and 358 which are positioned at each corner thereof. It being understood that a computer program, as programable using methods conventionally known in the art, may be created which is capable of defining boundary 360 based on references 352 , 354 , 356 and 358 . Similarly, such a program could define any conceivable outline of a specific boundary.
- Boundary 360 extends around excluded site 350 .
- the program could also be programed to determine if any specific position reference is inside of boundary 360 .
- FIG. 19a depicts position reference 344 outside of excluded site 350 . In this instance the program would not indicate, or otherwise report, a violation of excluded site 350 .
- FIG. 19b depicts position reference 346 positioned within excluded site 350 . In this instance the program would indicate, and report, a violation of excluded site 350 by portable monitoring device 30 .
- FIG. 14 depicts comparative bodily signal reference 322 which is compared to baseline measurement 320 of bodily signal conditional database 318 in real time. Variation of comparative bodily signal reference 322 beyond a predetermined range from baseline measurement 320 results in a predetermined activation of a response by the system.
- position references When position references are stored they may be utilized to determine if any of the monitored persons were within a defined area, as exampled by within the boundaries of a crime scene, during a defined period of time, as example by a window of opportunity in which time span the crime could have been committed. Such comparison may be useful to eliminate a suspect for a given crime.
- FIG. 20 depicts a street 362 and a street 364 intersecting one another.
- a vacant lot 366 is situated on one corner of street 362 and street 364 .
- a comparative location reference 368 has been identified and is surrounded by a boundary 370 .
- a comparative temporal reference, not shown, which has a range of temporal references, has been entered. In this example boundary 370 falls completely within vacant lot 366 .
- a computer program has examined all records within database 256 , see FIG. 10 , and has identified coordinate 258 , coordinate 260 , coordinate 262 and coordinate 264 which have associated occurrence references, not shown, which fall within the comparative temporal reference.
- Each coordinate 258 , 260 , 262 and 264 were created as a result of a single portable monitoring device, not shown. Therefore, it is possible to determine which monitored person, if any, were within the later created comparative location reference 368 during a period of time represented by the comparative temporal reference.
- FIG. 16 depicts a bodily signal reference database 372 having stored therein a series of bodily signal references 374 , 376 , 378 and 380 . These references may be historically examined to determine the status of the monitored person.
- the dual tracking system is applicable to several situations, but is particularly expedient in the enforcement of court issued restraining orders.
- the immediate comparison, the historic comparison or a combination of both types of comparison may be used.
- the historic comparison may be useful as evidence during a subsequent legal proceeding, as example as proof of violation of the court issued restraining order.
- a computer program may be designed which defines a perimeter around the restrictor person of the pair of monitored persons which is updated depending upon the movement of the restrictor person.
- a notification is given of such violation.
- This notification can be to an oversight authority, to the applicable restrictor person, or to both.
- notification is given to the restrictor person communication therewith may be by any of the methods conventionally known in the art.
- such notification would be received by the restrictor portable monitoring device which would then inform the restrictor person.
- human personnel at the central location would establish cellular communication with the restrictor person and advise the restrictor person of the position of the restrictee person relative to the restrictor person.
- Each unique perimeter would have a predefined distance measurement from the restrictor person. It is also possible to define various distinct notifications of violation of the different unique perimeters.
- the computer program could be designed such that the position references of the restrictor person are not stored. This protects the privacy of the restrictor person which has not surrendered any of their rights.
- Such a program could be designed which retains the position references for a specific period of time, adding new position references and purging the oldest position references. Then, when a violation occurs all existing location references within the system could be stored. Storage would continue until a predetermined time following cessation of the violation.
- This arrangement allows for the preservation of the restrictor person's position references for a predetermined period of time prior to the violation, the entire period of time during the violation and for a predetermined period of time following the violation.
- the restrictee person's position references can similarly be stored, or all such data may be stored within the locational tracking database.
- FIG. 13a through FIG. 13c depict restrictee person 304 and restrictor person 306 within block 308 .
- Restrictee person 304 has attached thereon restrictee portable monitoring device 310 .
- Restrictor person 306 carries with them restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- First perimeter 314 radially surrounds restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- Second perimeter 316 being smaller than first perimeter 314 , radially surrounds restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- Perimeters 314 and 316 are variable and move with restrictor portable monitoring device 312 as restrictor person 306 carries it about block 308 .
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are outside of both first perimeter 314 and second perimeter 316 .
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are inside of first perimeter 314 , yet outside of second perimeter 316 , and a first notification 382 is given.
- First notification 382 is exampled by a first beeping sound coming from restrictor portable monitoring device 312 .
- restrictee person 304 and restrictee portable monitoring device 310 are inside of both first perimeter 314 and second perimeter 316 and a second notification 384 is given.
- Second notification 384 is exampled by a second beeping sound coming from restrictor portable monitoring device 312 . The second beeping sound would be distinct from the first beeping sound.
Abstract
Description
-
- a) to provide for a portable monitoring device which may be secured to a monitored person.
- b) to provide for detecting tampering with the portable monitoring device.
- c) to provide for a transfer of a signal from the portable monitoring device.
- d) to provide for a receipt of the signal transferred by the portable monitoring device.
- e) to provide for determining a position reference of a positional location of the portable monitoring device based upon at least one signal received by the portable monitoring device wherein the signal is generated by at least one detached sending unit.
- f) to provide for monitoring of a bodily signal produced by the monitored person.
- g) to provide for a notification to a central location, such as nursing station or other health monitoring agency, of any indication of a possible medical emergency of the monitored person when physiological readings are outside of range from a baseline reading for the respective monitored person.
- h) to provide for a medical monitoring of individuals who may require the need of emergency personnel which may be done on an automatic basis once the physiological monitored signs of the monitored person indicates levels outside of a desired range for the individual where the notification may take place automatically by notifying the proper emergency personnel of the individuals condition and location.
- i) to provide for notification of on site supervisory personnel when a monitored person is a resident of a facility such as a retirement home, hospital, nursing home, prison amongst others, when physiological readings for the monitored person are outside of an acceptable range for the monitored person where the notification include the physiological readings and/or a physical location of the monitored person.
- j) to provide for medical monitoring of Alzheimers, mentally ill, elderly individuals on a round the clock basis.
- k) to provide for an active response through a digital readout directly to the monitored person to provide instructions or commands to the monitored person in response to a variation in a bodily signal measurement beyond a predetermined range.
- l) to provide for a mechanical intervention to physically dissuade the monitored person from a specific course of action.
- m) to provide for generating an associated occurrence reference indicative of a time span related to a position reference and/or a bodily signal reference.
- n) to provide for a storage of at least a series of position references and/or bodily signal references along with associated occurrence references within a database.
- o) to provide for deterring crime by providing the monitored person with a knowledge of the monitoring of the bodily signal.
- p) to provide for deterring crime by providing the monitored person with a knowledge of the possibility of activation of the mechanical intervention in response to an unacceptable specific course of action.
- q) to provide for at least a pair of portable monitoring devices which each transfer position references for comparison to determine if any select pair of the portable monitoring devices are within a predetermined distance measurement of each other.
- r) to provide for a notification if any select pair of portable monitoring devices are within the predetermined distance measurement of each other.
- s) to provide for a secondary transportable device capable of communicating with a respective portable monitoring device, where the portable monitoring device is secured to a respective monitored person, wherein at least some function is performed by the secondary transportable device to reduce an overall weight of the portable monitoring device secured to the monitored person.
Claims (72)
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USRE44085E1 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
US6160481A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
USRE38838E1 (en) | 2005-10-18 |
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