USRE9935E - Paul jablochkoff - Google Patents
Paul jablochkoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE9935E USRE9935E US RE9935 E USRE9935 E US RE9935E
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pencils
- isolating
- sticks
- electric
- lamp
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 102100016838 AXIN2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101700047552 AXIN2 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 210000001847 Jaw Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 four parts Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Definitions
- the object of my invention is the absolute suppression of the mechanipal regulators heretofore employed in electric-lamps.
- the conductor sticks or carbons instead of arran'ging the conductor sticks or carbons end as kaolin, glass, mortar, lacs, &c.-or it may be in the form of friable mixtures or powders, more or less fine, and composed'of earthy substances, earthen alkali, silicious substances-in other words, substances that are highly refractory.
- the isolatingor non-conductin g material may surround one or both of the carbons or may be placed in the space between the carbons only.
- the isolating material atand near the are is slowly melted or volatilized with the carbons themselves, and as it wastes or consumes slowly clears the carbonszor conductors at their points, thus exposing fresh surface for the formation of the are.
- the isolating material in preventing the formation of the are at any point excepting at the exposed ends of the conductor pencils or carbons is added another effect due to'the-presence of the isolating material along the entire length of the stick or pencil, and to its simultaneous consumption therewith, viz:
- the isolating'material by reason of its volatilization and incandescence Illlf der the action of the arc, becomes also a source of light, and the lamp 7 thus has over prior forms of lamp employing conductor sticks or pencils only, the advantage of producing a luminous source or flame of considerable extent instead of a single luminous point.
- the isolatingmaterial may either be a solid and compact substance--such' the isolating material is arranged in proximity to the carbon stick or pencil its whole length, this action continues so long as the carbons burn, and there is no necessity ofsnpplying or feeding fresh quantities of the isolating sub-' stance.
- a quantity of particles of graphite I obtain an extraordinarily brilliant efiect.
- I may also change the color and shade of the light by introducing into the composition of the isolating substance a small quantity of metallic salts, 'such as are used "in fire-works.
- Salts of soda for instance, which produce yellow radiations, have the property of compen sating for the blue and violet rays which the electric'arccontains to excess.
- solidcarbons or pencils which are embedded inor separated by the isolating material I may employ hollow sticks or tubes formed of any con d-uctive substance,sueh as metal or graphite,
- Figure 1 is a vertical section of alamp in which the isolating and fusible material is in the form of powder.
- Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line ata: of Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line 3 y of Fig. 1, through the ba-se of the carbonpencils,'which at this point are sheathed with metal and separated by a strip of insulating material.
- Fig. 4 is a vertical-seetion' of a base and holder for the lamp, showing the candle in position for use.
- Fig.5 is an elevation of the lamp.
- Figs. 6, 'Z, 8, and-9 are top views of modified forms of the candle.
- a and b are rods or pencils of carbon or analogous'material, of prismatic form, pointed at their ends and of unequal sectional area, the largest being that which receives the positive current, and is consumed more rapidly than the other.
- These rods or pencils are placed-parallel to each other, and in the present instance are surrounded by a case or cylinder, c,'of paper or pasteboard of amian thus, which is employed for the purpose of holding in place the powdered mixture ofisolating materials surroundin g and separating the pencils, and which is consumed with them.
- One of these mixtures which I use to advantage is composed of lime, one part; of sand, four parts, and talc, two parts.
- Fig. 7 the case is round instead of oval.
- Fig. 8 one only of the pencils' ⁇ 7iz., tl1 e larger, b-is surrounded with the isolating material.
- the isolating material is supposed to bea compact substance-as, for instance, kaolinalthough the forms of Figs. 7,8, and 9 are adapted for the employment of powders.
- FIGs. 1 and 3 the conductor-pencilsaand I) are shown inclosed in sheaths of metal (I f of'copper, which are isolated from one another by a piece of cardboard, (amianthus,) g.
- the holder which serves to support the candle and to conduct the current to the metal sheaths and the pencils, consists of two metal jaws, h and j, between which the lower end of the candle is placed and secured by means of the clamping-screws k l, acting upon the jaws.
- This holding device is made of copper or other conducting material, and is mounted upon a base, m, of wood or other isolating material. Binding-posts p and n upon the clamping-jaws serveforattachmentofconducting-wires,which convey the electric current to the lamp.
- the candle I may employ a piece of carbon fixed in an isolating handle. When the curreutisintroduced the piece of carbon is placed uponthe ends of the conducting-pencils,
- Ican apply to the surface of each candle a pulverable priming, so that all the lamps can be lighted together, by simply turning a button controlling the flow of the electric current to the circuit.
- An electric-arc lamp consisting of parallel conductors separated by an isolating material capable of consumption by the action of the electric are, substantially as described.
- Au electric-arc lamp consisting of parallel conductor sticks or pencils and a mass of refractory combustible or fusible material, substantially such as described, applied to said rods or pencils along their length, so as to be consumed with them, audto add by its incandescence and volatilizatiou to the size of the luminous source.
- the herein-described electric candle composed of two sticks of carbon, arranged in a suitable case, and separated from each other and from the case by an isolating fusible powder or material, substantially as described.
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