WO1986007107A1

WO1986007107A1 - Method and device for post-setting a liquid impervious layer in extended dumping grounds and contaminated areas in order to protect ground waters

Info

Publication number: WO1986007107A1
Application number: PCT/EP1986/000321
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans Richter
Original assignee: Hans Richter
Priority date: 1985-05-28
Filing date: 1986-05-28
Publication date: 1986-12-04
Also published as: DE3617956A1; EP0224524A1

Abstract

The method and device disclosed for the sanitation of waste dumping grounds (10) by post-laying of a liquid impervious layer are based both on the shield advance principle and on the longwall working method, the advance device being substantially configured like a rectangular unit. The cover plates (2) covering the base plates (3) are interconnected by hydraulic jacks (16). A face stanchion (29) provided at the front and a support shield (17) provided at the rear face form a completely closed tunnel which advances under the dumping ground (10) in an articulated way and by sheeting and under the protection of which it is possible to incorporate sealing sole-plates. The material broken off under the breast is transported behind the support shield (17) where it is compacted, whereafter the individual devices stayed by traction jacks (18) advance step by step and by cycle.

Description

Method and device for the subsequent introduction of a liquid-keitsundurchl ^'ässigen layer in extended .. landfills and contaminating nierte- locations, for the protection of groundwater.

The invention relates to a device and. a method for the subsequent introduction of a liquid-impermeable layer and, if appropriate, drainage pipes and sensor systems, a number of essentially rectangular devices consisting of at least one cover and one base plate being lined up in a clockwise and step-wise manner step by step, transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, at least on the face side works under the landfill by picking up the soil before and at least partially reinstalling it after the device and the simultaneous installation of sealing sole material and / or unrolling of the sealing film. ^

For the rehabilitation of old landfills, it is known to implement the dump. The old landfill is dismantled and a new landfill is built, the floor of which was previously sealed to be liquid-tight. Sealing is usually carried out with a layer of clay in which drainage pipes are drawn in. A plastic film may be applied to this layer of clay. -% -

This is extremely expensive and also requires that there is space for a new dump near the old one. Meißt this is not ^'he case, so you have to try halde to redevelop the old Deponie¬. For this purpose, it has already been proposed to provide the soil around the dump with a concrete wall that is led to depths in which the soil has water-impermeable layers. Such a procedure is extremely costly and can only be carried out where there are water-impermeable layers that are not too deep in the ground. The disadvantage here, however, is that the toxic substances migrate deeply into the subsoil over the decades and migrate into the groundwater once the concrete walls are no longer tight. Another suggestion is that a horizontal slot is mined under the landfill dump next to the vertical concrete walls and filled with material containing sealant. However, this has the disadvantage that a large, rigid sealing carpet is formed which can break open due to subsidence. In addition, the sealant-containing material is not resistant to chemical attacks in the long run. The connection of the horizontal sealing base to the vertical concrete walls poses considerable problems in terms of execution and risks in the long term with regard to sealing. This method consists of horizontal and vertical sealing and is also too expensive. In other methods which have become known, tunnels are drilled along the dump at a distance of several meters to the point of overlap and subsequently filled with concrete, the distances being filled in by slot milling and concrete injections. With this method, too, a rigid concrete carpet is formed over a large area with the disadvantages mentioned above. These methods are expensive and do not reliably avoid contamination of the groundwater.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a method and a device that the dump over the entire - B-

To provide expansion with an economically justifiable and comparatively low cost with a seamless, liquid-impermeable, flexible layer.

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.

Shield tunneling, from which the invention is based, is known in tunnel construction. A tunneling shield with a round cross section is pressed into the ground by a horizontal feed press, whereupon the material is then dismantled on site. The feed presses are supported on the last annular segment of the tunnel wall. After the material has been dismantled on site, the feed presses are drawn in and a new ring of the tunnel wall is inserted into the space created by the pulling back of the feed presses. Then the feed presses are extended again, whereby the feed plate is pushed one step further into the ground. This procedure is repeated in cycles.

The production of a slot by means of armored shields or expansion racks in mining for the extraction of coal is also known. Here, the coal is mined in front of a grater in cyclically and stepwise advanced devices by means of a longitudinally moving mining device and is longitudinally moved out of the slot on a conveyor belt. The cavity on the rear side that is created when the device advances is filled in by rock that breaks away, and may be filled in by blowing along the excavation path. This system is not suitable for carrying out the object according to the invention, but is related to the embodiment according to the invention. - *. -

Exemplary embodiments of the inventions are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through a first embodiment of the device. .

2 shows a horizontal section of a multi-device tunnel of a second embodiment with only one hydraulic cylinder;

3 _ a vertical section through a third embodiment, - are installed in the prefabricated elements;

4 shows a vertical section through a fourth embodiment,

5 shows a vertical section through a landfill heap with a tunnel located beneath the landfill and strung together from individual devices in a trough-like manner driving under the entire landfill;

Fig. 6 as Fig. 5, but only partially driving under the landfill as a bag tunnel. with only one-sided opening;

FIG. 7 shows a vertical section through a landfill in which the tunnel device is used between tunnels which have been driven lengthways;

8 shows a vertical section through a further embodiment;

FIG. 9 ^″ a detail from FIG. 4 with a transverse foil coil;

At least one hydraulic cylinder 16, which is fastened approximately at right angles to the base plate 3, is rigidly connected to the base plate 3 of the device 1. He carries the cover plate 2 on his piston rod. The cover plate 2 carries at its front end a cutting edge or a hydraulically operated flap 32 which can be pivoted by 32a. - e—

Depending on the design, this flap 32a can carry a knife shield 33 which can be pulled out in the flap 32a. Both 32aoder to flap blade plate 33 or directly on the cover plate 2, the chest support is hinged ^* 29 about the pivot point 29a. The breast support 29 can be supplemented by a pushable or pivotable extension 34 actuated by the hydraulic cylinder 34a. At the rear end of the cover plate 2, depending on the embodiment, a further flap 32b can be pivoted by 32b '. A further power-operated flap 32c can be arranged on the base plate 3 so as to be pivotable by 32c *. The vertical support plate 17 is attached to the rear area of the device between the cover plate 2 and the base plate 3. Together with the flap 32c, this forms the gap 19 for the film 5 to pass through. The support plate 17 can be rigidly connected to the base 56 or by means of a feed press 18. The support plate 17 carries the upper part 22 about the pivot point 21, which part can be pivoted away , by the hydraulic power cylinder 23. The pivotable part 22 carries an extendable part 24. The link base 39 is located in the front part in the protective area 32a. The links have the length of the device 1 and are connected by the joints 41. The hinge axis 40 of these joints lies horizontally in the direction of the feed 42. The hydraulic power cylinder 43, which in turn is fastened to the base plate 3, acts on the links of the link base. A conveyor belt 38 is located on the link base 39. The rails 44 are on this. One or more partial cutting machines 45, excavator earth moving machines and material wagons run along the tunnel on the rails 44. In the middle of the device there is a conveyor belt or a slide plate 51. In the inner part of the device, the film coils 13r49 are at a distance from one another which corresponds approximately to the cycle stroke of the device. In front of the support plate 17 there is a double-walled shaft with a slide 51a for the filter and protective layer. The feed press 18 extends through the shaft wall 46. The cranked bottom plate 28 carries in the front area - £> -

the press channel 30, which is open at 30a. 26 represents the mineral layer under the film. 27 is the filter and protective layer above the film. 50 represents a drainage system installed under the sealing base. 48 are rubber flaps that cover all flat parts of the tunnel all around, so that the tunnel is reasonably airtight and can be driven under excess pressure. 59 shows the overlap of the film coils and the required spacing of the film coils in order to enable the devices to be gradually moved. 25 represents the monitor of the walk-in landfill. The walk-in prefabricated parts are marked with 12. 56 are base or side part constructions which carry the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders 16. 55 shows the paired connection of devices 1. FIG. 7 shows the trough-like arrangement of the tunnel for driving under the landfill. 47 represent the pressure locks at the beginning and at the end of the tunnel. 57 shows a possible groundwater level. 37 represent reusable rolls on which the foil coils rest. 31 are foil sealers. 11 is the use of the tunnel as a bag tunnel. 10 represents the landfill to be rehabilitated. 9 are tunnels opened lengthways under the landfill. 59 shows a plurality of devices as ^• tunnel between two Längsstollen9. 14 is a foil coil which, as an alternative to the foil coils 13, can be rolled out and installed along the tunnel.

In ^'of the bottom plate 3 or the rail 54 is the conveyor, the cutting machine Teil¬ the shovel or the like along the tunnel 4 movable. The support plate 17 can take the second position 17 '. The support plate 17 takes up the entire cross section. However, since the height of the cover plate 2 can be adjusted, the upper pivotable part of the support plate 22 is supplemented by the extendable part 24 and pressed upward against the flap 32b with the feed press cylinder 23. The soil is detached from the face by the partial cutting machine or a shovel excavator or the like, which can be moved along the tunnel, and transported to the conveyor belt or slide plate 51, of which it slips behind the support plate 17 via the folded-in upper part _, the support plate 22. Is the space behind the support plate 1 -! ^■ -

filled, the feed presses 18 and 23 extend, solidify the soil and exert a feed force in the feed direction 42 on the device. By pulling in the hydraulic cylinder (s) 16 very quickly, although faster than possibly the overlying soil can slide down, the device 1 is freed from the mountain load, so that the pressing force which the support plate 17 generates moves the device forward. The forward movement is also supported by retracting the hydraulic cylinder 43, which is fastened between the base plate 3 and the link base 39. The pulling action of the hydraulic cylinder 43 is intended to facilitate the start of the device at the base of the landfill because there is still no counterforce for the support plate 17. The chest supports 29 are folded into position 29 'during the work of the excavator 45. The breast support has the task of preventing the face from collapsing and also of locking the device on the fourth side. If it is attached to the extendable knife shield 33, the breast support 29 can also assume the position 29 "or 29"'. The height control of the device 1 takes place by moving the flap 32a, 32b, 32c and 32d, as well as the regulation of the excavation depth by means of the partial cutting machine 45. The side control ^" takes place through the different pressing of the support plates 7 with devices that are joined together in pairs 55, as well as by different tensile forces of the hydraulic cylinders 43. The lower mineral layer 26 in the free space which is created by the cranked base plate 3 is brought under the rear region of the device via the press channel 30 and via its opening 30a Offsetting by the cycle step of the devices in each case is closed on the end face so that the material gets under the device that was moved last, but the mineral lower layer can also get under the device by folding up the flap 32d. In this way, the drainage pipes 50 can also be installed. With the advance of the device 1 roll the two foil coils 13 and 49, 'are welded in their overlap and leave the device through the gap 19. Filter and protective layer material 27 passes over the conveyor belt 38 or an own vehicle, not shown - s-

the slide 51a into the shaft 46. From there it reaches the film during the feed stroke of the device 1 and below the soil which has been reinstalled above it. Alternatively, the support plate 17 'around the pivot point 20 can be designed as a swivel unit. The link base 39 represents a link chain which is rigid in the feed direction but which adapts in the vertical direction to the trough shape of the landfill seal, so that the device with the hydraulic cylinder can hold onto the link base very well step by step. Fig. 8 illustrates the path of the soil from C via B to D 'to D. 52 represents a retaining wall, which is intended as an abutment for the pressure of the support shield 17 or 17 *.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the devices with 55 in pairs, and the overlap of the foil coils 49 and 13. 57, the clock step of the individual device pairs can be seen. 10 is the landfill to be driven under. In Fig. 8 the Foliencoil 14 is introduced transversely to the advancing direction, he so along ^'of the tunnel can be propagated and 14 * can be welded along the tunnel with the out-looking out of the slot film edge 14' of the previous layer 14a instead of the sealing slabs can walk prefabricated elements 12 are introduced so that the feed presses 18 'are supported on them instead of on the soil which has been reinstalled backwards.

With the tunnel, the landfill 10 can go underneath the landfill in an arch-like, tub-like manner, but also horizontally or at an angle, and install the base accordingly. When working in the groundwater, the tunnel is driven under excess pressure. In order to maintain this pressure, locks 47 for material and people are provided at the beginning and end of the tunnel. If the tunnel is made non-accessible, namely in such a way that the distance between the cover plate 2 and the floor denplatte 3 is kept very low, locks are used that only allow material transport. The film is placed on an embankment 60 at the edge of the landfill so that the surface water cannot leave the tub either.

In order to save investment costs, the landfill can also be run under by double, half-sided driving through with a tunnel chain that is only half as long, so that the tunnel is only open on one side. Only then is a pressure lock 47 used. In the case of even larger landfills or smaller tunnel investments, tunnels which are driven lengthways are used, between which the device 59 works in the stretch and draws in the film. However, the soil that is mined in front of the device can alternatively be brought out of the tunnel along the conveyor belt 38, deflected on the outside and inserted and installed again behind the support plate 17. The film 5 is traversed in a grid with light or current conductors for monitoring mechanical injuries. All possible sole sealing materials can be used.

Claims

-lO'patent claims

1. A method for sealing the soles of extensive landfills against groundwater, characterized in that a number of essentially rectangular devices (1) consisting of at least one cover (2) and one base plate (3) are lined up transversely to form a tunnel 4 which is open at least on one end to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel works step by step and step by step under the landfill by picking up the soil before and at least partially reinstalling it behind the device 1 with simultaneous installation of sealing sole material 6 and / or unrolling of sealing films 5

2. The method according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the tunnel works like a trough 7 under the landfill, so that the sealing base 5 is pulled up at the edges to the surface of the earth as a trough.

3. The method of claim 1 and 2 thereby g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that ground-level filled earth depressions, pits, ponds ect. and other contaminated locations are passed under like a tub and provided with sealing soles.

- 2 - __ \\ -

4. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h ¬ n e t that all possible bottom seals can be installed such as concrete, sheet metal, Erd¬ mixed with sealant ect.

5. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the tunnel 4 moves in several passages between longitudinal tunnels 9 under the landfill 10, so that even very wide landfills can be sealed.

6. The method according to claim 1-5 characterized by the fact that the tunnel-4 is open on one side, only under part of the width of the dump, as a bag tunnel 11 moves under the landfill.

7. The method according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the tunnel 4 moves open on both sides in full width under the landfill.

8 The method according to claims 1-7, characterized in that walk-in ^" prefabricated parts 12 are installed as a sealing sole material, the superfluous soil along the tunnel is transported to the outside uno ie feed presses 18 'do not have a support plate 17, but are supported on the finished parts.

9. The method according to claim 1-8, characterized in that in the tunnel along the tunnel axis attached foil coils 13 and 49 independently during the advance and come to rest under the reinstalled soil. -. -

10. The method according to claims 1-8, characterized in that foil coils 14 are rolled out in layers along the tunnel and are welded or connected to the protruding edge 14 'of the previous, partially already installed web.

11. Apparatus for carrying out the methods 1 - 10., Characterized in that a cover plate 2 and a base plate 3 are connected at least to a power-operated hydraulic cylinder 16 in such a way that they can be pressed apart and their distance adjusted.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that between the top and bottom plates a substantially supporting cross-section covering rectangular cross-section 17 is predominantly arranged vertically.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the support plate 17 is provided with a backward-acting feed press 18 which are fastened to the base of the device 1, so that the support plate 17 reverses a power-operated stroke.

.can lead.

14. The device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a gap 19 extends between the base plate 3 and the support plate 17 and the device carries at least one foil coil 13.

15. The apparatus of claim 11-14, characterized in that the support plate 17 'on the device 1 is pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis 20.

16. The apparatus according to claim 12 and 13, characterized in that the support plate 17 is guided horizontally by its own guides (not shown) or the hydraulic feed presses 18 themselves.

17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the upper part of the support plate 22 can be pivoted about a horizontal pivot axis 21 and 21 feed presses 23 run between these upper part 22 and the device 1 at a distance from the pivot axis 21.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the upper part of the support plate 22 is extendable 24.

19. The device according to claim 12 and 13, characterized in that the cover plate 2, if appropriate including the flap 32b, extends over this when the support plate 17 is extended.

20. The device according to claim 11 - 1, characterized in that two adjacent devices 1 are permanently connected 55.

21. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover 2 runs antiparallel to the base plate 3 in the direction of advance in a clearly opening manner.

22. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that cover 2 and base plate 3 are so far apart that a person 25 can walk upright therein.

23. The method according to claim 1 - 10, characterized in that a mineral layer 26 e.g. below the base plate 3 shortly before the installation of the sealing film 5. is built from clay.

24. The method according to claim 1 - 10, characterized ¬ net that a mineral filter and protective layer 27 is installed on the gekennzeich incorporated sealing film 5 and shortly after the ^{'installation.}

25. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that the base plate 3 is bent 28 in the front region thereof ^' and is provided with a press channel 30 which is opened towards the rear.

^■ 26. The apparatus of claim. 11 - 14 characterized in that the overlapping film webs 13 and 49 are welded automatically or by hand and welding devices 31 are provided in the device for this purpose.

27. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders 16 can retract more quickly with the cover plate 2 than how the soil supported on the cover plate 2 can fall.

28. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that power-operated flaps 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, are pivotally mounted on the top and bottom plates 3 and 3 at the front and rear, about the pivot points 32a '- 32d'.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that in addition, extendable knife shields 33 are attached to the cover plate 2 at the front on the flap 32a. - l ^< 5-

30. The device according to claim 28 and 29, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h ¬ n e t that on the front part of the cover plate or on the flap 32a or on the knife plate a foldable breast support 29 is actuated about the pivot point 29a by a hydraulic power cylinder 35 is articulated.

31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the breast support 29 can be pushed out or swung out by a hydraulic power cylinder 34 a through the breast support extension 34.

32.Device according to claims 28-31, characterized in that cover plate 2 with flap 32a and knife shield 33 and flap 32b clearly protrude the base plate 3 with flap 32c and 32d at the front and rear.

33 Device according to claim 10-17, characterized in that in the device 1 for receiving the foil coils 13u.49 reusable rollers 37 are attached, on which the foil coils 13u.49 si can rotate about their own axis and also along their axis and of the tunnel are movable.

34. Apparatus according to claims 11-14, characterized in that a conveyor belt 38 is arranged along the tunnel 4 under the protective cover plate 2 with flaps 32a and 32b.

35. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the conveyor belt 38 rests on a link base 39, the links of which have the length of the devices 1 and are connected by joints 41, the axes 40 of which are arranged horizontally and parallel to the feed direction E. -tb-

36. Device according to claim 19 and 20, characterized in that the links of the conveyor belt base 39 are connected to the base 56 by means of hydraulic cylinders 43.

37.Device according to claim 11, characterized in that rails 44 are attached along the tunnel, along which conveyor 45, partial cutting machine 45, shovel excavator 45, material wagon 45 can be moved.

38. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 24, characterized in that a shaft 46 is constructed in front of the support plate 17 for receiving the upper filter material 27 or protective material.

39. The apparatus of claim, ^"• un. 11 characterized in that the tunnel 4 is provided at its ends with Druckschleußen 47 for material and persons and the tunnel 4 under excess pressure

_ can be driven.

40.Device according to claim 11 » ^" 12, 30, characterized in that base plate 3 and cover plate 2, support plate 17, breast support 34, 29, flap 32a-32d are provided with seals 48 with one another.

41. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that offset 49 foil coils 13 are provided offset in the device 1 at a distance from the feed stroke in their edge regions.

42. The method according to claim * 23 _f, characterized in that a drainage system 50 is installed above and / or below the film. ^~ »

43. Sealing film for performing the method according to claim

1 - 10 ^' , characterized in that light- or current-conducting lines are integrated into the film in a grid-like manner.

44. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material mined in front of the device is led out along the tunnel 4 on conveyor belts 38 and is pressed in behind the support plate 17 and in there again by the support plate 17.

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that the material behind the support plate 17 is blown.

46. Apparatus according to claim 11 and 1? characterized in that between the hydraulic cylinders 16 in the middle of the device 'a conveyor belt 51 or a slide plate ^' 51 is mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel.

47. Apparatus according to claims 1 to 46, characterized in that a retaining wall 52 is attached to the beginning of the landfill.

48. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover plate 2 is arranged in the rear area on the higher-raised base 56 so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis and in the front area between üe-kplatte 1 and base 56 at least one hydraulic cylinder 16 extends.

49. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that mechanical guides are attached between cover plate 2 and base plate 3, which relieve the hydraulic cylinders 16 in their guiding task.