WO1992002006A1 - Liquid crystal displays - Google Patents

Liquid crystal displays Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992002006A1
WO1992002006A1 PCT/GB1991/001186 GB9101186W WO9202006A1 WO 1992002006 A1 WO1992002006 A1 WO 1992002006A1 GB 9101186 W GB9101186 W GB 9101186W WO 9202006 A1 WO9202006 A1 WO 9202006A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
plate
edge
producing means
light source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/001186
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alan Mosley
Michael George Clark
Michael Charles Keogh Wiltshire
Original Assignee
Gec-Marconi Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gec-Marconi Limited filed Critical Gec-Marconi Limited
Publication of WO1992002006A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992002006A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side

Definitions

  • This invention relates to liquid crystal displays, and particularly to a light source for backlighting a liquid crystal display (LCD).
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • Table 1 indicates the luminance values and the thicknesses of the various conventional light sources, together with comments on their suitability for the present purpose.
  • a source luminance of 1000-2000 fL or greater is required. From the table it will be seen that only one type of light source wil provide a sufficiently high luminance, namely the hot cathode fluorescent tube. However, even the smal lest tube of this type is too thick for the present purposes. Four of the l ight source types are sufficiently thin.
  • the brightest is the cold cathode fluorescent tube, but it is nevertheless too dim, it would require a 30mm space for accomodation of its electrodes beyond the edges of the LCD, it would require the provision of a diffuser located between it and the LCD, and it would have to be made specially to suit the size of the particular LCD, as only standard lengths of tube are readi ly available.
  • the fibre optic mat has the highest luminance of the other three sources, but it is too l ow by a factor of 5 to 10.
  • a device for back l ighting a l iquid crystal display panel comprising l ight producing means for producing h gh -intensity l ight ; a l ight -conduct ive plate having a major surface of substantial ly the same dimensions as the display panel area to be illuminated, the plate in use acting as a l ight guide whereby l ight fed into an edge of the plate emerges from said major surface ; and a plural ity of optical fibres each coupled at one of its ends to the l ight producing means and at its other end to a respective point on said edge of the plate, the points being spaced apart along said edge, in order to provide a more uniform l ight source.
  • the plate is tapered so that said major surface and the opposite major surface of the plate are convergent in a direction away from said edge, in order to provide a more uniform l ight source.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic pictorial view of a backl ighting device in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the device coupled to an LCD panel .
  • a backl ighting device 1 comprises a l ight -conduct ive plate 2 having opposing major surfaces 3 and 4 and edges 5 to 8.
  • the surface 3 is substantial ly the same area as an LCD panel 9 whi ch is to be il luminated.
  • the surface 3 is l ocated in contact with, or closely-spaced from, the rear of the panel 9.
  • the plate 2 is tapered so that the surfaces 3 and 4 converge in a di rection away from the edge 5.
  • the maximum thickness of the plate, i.e. between the surfaces 3 and 4 at the edge 5, is preferably about 6mm or less.
  • a high-intensity l ight source 10 such as, for exa ⁇ ple, a fi lament lamp, a laser, a fluorescent tube or an array of light-emitting diodes, is coupled, via an optical coupler 11, to the ends 12 of a bundle of optical fibres 13.
  • the other ends 14 of the fibres 13 are coupled to the edge 5 of the plate 2 at respective points which are spaced apart along the edge.
  • the coupler may comprise, for example, a bl ock of suitable plastics material .
  • the plate 2 acts as a light guide so that l ight fed from the source 10, along the optical fibres 13, and into the edge 5 emerges from the surface 3.
  • the surface 4 and/or the edges 6, 7, 8 and 5 (between the fibre coupl ing points ) of the plate 2 may be coated with reflective layers.
  • the plate is so designed that the l ight emitted from the surface 3 has a substantially uniform brightness over the area of the surface. For this reason the plate is preferably wedge-shaped, as shown.
  • the light source 10 can be spaced away from the plate 2 and the LCD panel 9 by an appreciable distance, so that heat dissipation problems normally associated with a high -intensity l ight source, and particularly its proximity to the LCD panel , are alleviated. Since the l ight source no l onger has to be accommodated immediately behind the LCD panel 9, the shape and size of the light source become far less significant, and standard components, such as fluorescent tubes of standard sizes, can be used. If controllable dimming of the display and/or NVIS compatibil ity are requi red, the type of l ight source can be selected accordingly.
  • the coupler 11 may be made similarly elongate, and the ends 12 of the optical fibres 13 may then be connected to the coupler 11 at spaced apart points along the coupler.
  • the ends 14 of the optical fibres may be coupled to the edge 5 of the plate 2 in more than one row, the positions of the ends 14 in the rows being staggered.
  • the plate 2 is described above as having pl anar surfaces and being tapered in a di rection away from the edge 5, it may be of any shape which wil l provide the required l ight-guiding function, while still being within the described thickness range.
  • Al l of the optical fibres in the described embodiment are coupled to a single l ight source 10. It woul d, however, be possible to divide the fibres into a number of groups and to couple each group to a respective l ight source. Alternatively, each individual fibre might be coupled to a respective l ight source.

Abstract

A device (1) for backlighting a liquid crystal display panel (9) comprises a high-intensity light source (10), a preferably wedge-shaped plate (2) which is located behind the panel to act as a light guide, and a bundle of optical fibres (13) coupling the light source to respective points along an edge (5) of the plate. The configuration allows the light source to be positioned away from the panel, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the panel assembly and removing from the panel region the source of heat constituted by the light source.

Description

Liquid Crystal Displays
This invention relates to liquid crystal displays, and particularly to a light source for backlighting a liquid crystal display (LCD).
In the transmitting mode of operation of an LCD, light passes through the liquid crystal cells from a light source disposed behind the display, i.e. on the side of the display panel remote from the viewer.
There is a requirement to provide such a light source which will produce a luminance of at least lOOfL at the viewed face of the LCD; which will have a thickness no greater than about 6mm; which will preferably be compatible with the NVIS (night vision) specification, i.e. the light output wavelength will not extend beyond 600nm; and the brightness of which can preferably be easily controlled.
The conventional light sources do not satisfy all of these requirements. The following Table 1 indicates the luminance values and the thicknesses of the various conventional light sources, together with comments on their suitability for the present purpose. Table 1
Light Source Luminance Th ickness Coπment (fL) (mm)
Cold cathode 730 3.8 Standard lengths of fluorescent tube fluorescent tubes are 50 and 150 mm.
Hot cathode 2000 Too thick, fluorescent tube
Optical fi bre 220 Λ> 2 Too dim. mat
Electroluminescent 20 Too dim. panel
Light-emitting Low 3-5 Too dim. diodes + diffuser
Bearing in mind that the light transmission efficiency of a l iquid crystal display and its associated components is only about 5 to 10%, a source luminance of 1000-2000 fL or greater is required. From the table it will be seen that only one type of light source wil provide a sufficiently high luminance, namely the hot cathode fluorescent tube. However, even the smal lest tube of this type is too thick for the present purposes. Four of the l ight source types are sufficiently thin. Of these, the brightest is the cold cathode fluorescent tube, but it is nevertheless too dim, it would require a 30mm space for accomodation of its electrodes beyond the edges of the LCD, it would require the provision of a diffuser located between it and the LCD, and it would have to be made specially to suit the size of the particular LCD, as only standard lengths of tube are readi ly available. The fibre optic mat has the highest luminance of the other three sources, but it is too l ow by a factor of 5 to 10.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved backl ighting source for a l iquid crystal display.
According to the invention there is provided a device for back l ighting a l iquid crystal display panel , the device comprising l ight producing means for producing h gh -intensity l ight ; a l ight -conduct ive plate having a major surface of substantial ly the same dimensions as the display panel area to be illuminated, the plate in use acting as a l ight guide whereby l ight fed into an edge of the plate emerges from said major surface ; and a plural ity of optical fibres each coupled at one of its ends to the l ight producing means and at its other end to a respective point on said edge of the plate, the points being spaced apart along said edge, in order to provide a more uniform l ight source.
Preferably the plate is tapered so that said major surface and the opposite major surface of the plate are convergent in a direction away from said edge, in order to provide a more uniform l ight source.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accoπ anying drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a schematic pictorial view of a backl ighting device in accordance with the invention, and
Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the device coupled to an LCD panel .
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing, a backl ighting device 1 comprises a l ight -conduct ive plate 2 having opposing major surfaces 3 and 4 and edges 5 to 8. The surface 3 is substantial ly the same area as an LCD panel 9 whi ch is to be il luminated. In use, the surface 3 is l ocated in contact with, or closely-spaced from, the rear of the panel 9. The plate 2 is tapered so that the surfaces 3 and 4 converge in a di rection away from the edge 5. The maximum thickness of the plate, i.e. between the surfaces 3 and 4 at the edge 5, is preferably about 6mm or less.
A high-intensity l ight source 10, such as, for exaπple, a fi lament lamp, a laser, a fluorescent tube or an array of light-emitting diodes, is coupled, via an optical coupler 11, to the ends 12 of a bundle of optical fibres 13. The other ends 14 of the fibres 13 are coupled to the edge 5 of the plate 2 at respective points which are spaced apart along the edge. The coupler may comprise, for example, a bl ock of suitable plastics material .
The plate 2 acts as a light guide so that l ight fed from the source 10, along the optical fibres 13, and into the edge 5 emerges from the surface 3. The surface 4 and/or the edges 6, 7, 8 and 5 (between the fibre coupl ing points ) of the plate 2 may be coated with reflective layers. The plate is so designed that the l ight emitted from the surface 3 has a substantially uniform brightness over the area of the surface. For this reason the plate is preferably wedge-shaped, as shown.
It will be apparent that the light source 10 can be spaced away from the plate 2 and the LCD panel 9 by an appreciable distance, so that heat dissipation problems normally associated with a high -intensity l ight source, and particularly its proximity to the LCD panel , are alleviated. Since the l ight source no l onger has to be accommodated immediately behind the LCD panel 9, the shape and size of the light source become far less significant, and standard components, such as fluorescent tubes of standard sizes, can be used. If controllable dimming of the display and/or NVIS compatibil ity are requi red, the type of l ight source can be selected accordingly.
If an elongate light source, such as a fluorescent tube, is used, the coupler 11 may be made similarly elongate, and the ends 12 of the optical fibres 13 may then be connected to the coupler 11 at spaced apart points along the coupler.
If necessary, the ends 14 of the optical fibres may be coupled to the edge 5 of the plate 2 in more than one row, the positions of the ends 14 in the rows being staggered. Although the plate 2 is described above as having pl anar surfaces and being tapered in a di rection away from the edge 5, it may be of any shape which wil l provide the required l ight-guiding function, while still being within the described thickness range.
Al l of the optical fibres in the described embodiment are coupled to a single l ight source 10. It woul d, however, be possible to divide the fibres into a number of groups and to couple each group to a respective l ight source. Alternatively, each individual fibre might be coupled to a respective l ight source.

Claims

1. A device (1) for backlighting a liquid crystal display panel (9), characterised by light producing means (10) for producing high-Intensity light; a light-conductive plate (2) having a major surface (3) of substantially the same dimensions as the display panel area to be illuminated, the plate in use acting as a light guide whereby light fed Into an edge (5) of the plate emerges from said major surface; and a plurality of optical fibres (13) each coupled at one of Its ends (12) to the light producing means and at Its other end (14) to a respective point on said edge of the plate, the points being spaced apart along said edge.
2. A device as claimed in Claim 1, characterised 1n that the plate (2) 1s tapered so that said major surface (3) and the opposite major surface (4) of the plate are convergent in a direction away from said edge (5).
3. A device as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised by means for varying the brightness of the light producing means (10).
4. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the light producing means (10) comprises at least one filament lamp.
5. A device as claimed in any one of Claims 1-3, characterised in that the light producing means (10) comprises at least one laser.
6. A device as claimed in any one of Claims 1-3, characterised 1n that the light producing means (10) comprises a plurality of light-emitting diodes.
7. A device as claimed 1n any one of Claims 1-3, characterised in that the light producing means (10) comprises at least one fluorescent tube.
8. A device as claimed in Claim 7, characterised In that the ends (12) of the optical fibres (13) are coupled to the fluorescent tube by means of an elongate coupling device, the ends being spaced apart along said coupling device.
PCT/GB1991/001186 1990-07-20 1991-07-17 Liquid crystal displays WO1992002006A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9015999.7 1990-07-20
GB9015999A GB2246231A (en) 1990-07-20 1990-07-20 Liquid crystal displays.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992002006A1 true WO1992002006A1 (en) 1992-02-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2246231A (en)
WO (1) WO1992002006A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9210692U1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1993-12-16 Opti Table Info Systeme Gmbh & Liquid crystal display device
FR2727841A1 (en) * 1994-12-09 1996-06-14 Lalloz Benoit Illuminated decorative panel for furniture
WO1999039321A1 (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-08-05 Kjell Hansen Display panel for image presentation and/or recording
US6690349B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2004-02-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Scrolling backlight system for LCD TV
EP1435530A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-07 Max Mathis Decorative lighting plate
EP1750167A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Laser light source adapted for LCD back-lit displays
CN102384400A (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-21 深圳帝光电子有限公司 Flexible light-emitting module and illuminating device
CN103867958A (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-18 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Backlight modular
CN104180254A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-12-03 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 Backlight module and liquid crystal display device

Families Citing this family (5)

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DE19521254A1 (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Display system with brightness boosting film
DE69942499D1 (en) 1998-10-05 2010-07-29 Semiconductor Energy Lab Reflecting semiconductor device
GB2372868B (en) 2001-03-02 2004-10-06 Hewlett Packard Co A display
FR2894345B1 (en) * 2005-12-02 2008-02-08 Thales Sa LIGHT EMITTING DIODE LIGHTING DEVICE AND LIGHT GUIDE
CN103017090A (en) * 2013-01-16 2013-04-03 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 Light leading-in system, side-inlet backlight module and liquid crystal display

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US4141058A (en) * 1976-05-17 1979-02-20 Copal Company Limited Light diffusing device
US4277817A (en) * 1978-06-23 1981-07-07 Blaupunkt-Werke Gmbh Large-area light source
DE3102626A1 (en) * 1981-01-27 1982-08-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "PASSIVE ELECTROOPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICE"
US4914553A (en) * 1984-07-26 1990-04-03 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Lighting device
EP0213688A1 (en) * 1985-08-29 1987-03-11 Refac Electronics Corp. Liquid crystal display surface illuminating apparatus
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EP0301637A1 (en) * 1987-07-29 1989-02-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Surface illumination device using optical conductors
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EP0374085A2 (en) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 KRONE Aktiengesellschaft Electro-optical planar display, in particular an LCD display panel

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9210692U1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1993-12-16 Opti Table Info Systeme Gmbh & Liquid crystal display device
FR2727841A1 (en) * 1994-12-09 1996-06-14 Lalloz Benoit Illuminated decorative panel for furniture
WO1999039321A1 (en) * 1998-01-15 1999-08-05 Kjell Hansen Display panel for image presentation and/or recording
US6690349B2 (en) 2001-11-09 2004-02-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Scrolling backlight system for LCD TV
EP1435530A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-07 Max Mathis Decorative lighting plate
EP1750167A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Laser light source adapted for LCD back-lit displays
US7581863B2 (en) 2005-08-04 2009-09-01 Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Laser light source adapted for LCD back-lit displays
CN102384400A (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-21 深圳帝光电子有限公司 Flexible light-emitting module and illuminating device
CN103867958A (en) * 2012-12-10 2014-06-18 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Backlight modular
CN104180254A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-12-03 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 Backlight module and liquid crystal display device
CN104180254B (en) * 2014-08-19 2016-10-12 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 Backlight module and liquid crystal indicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9015999D0 (en) 1990-09-05
GB2246231A (en) 1992-01-22

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